Internati
o
nal
Journal of Ele
c
trical
and Computer
Engineering
(IJE
CE)
V
o
l. 6,
N
o
.
3
,
Ju
n
e
201
6,
p
p
.
9
3
6
~
944
I
S
SN
: 208
8-8
7
0
8
,
D
O
I
:
10.115
91
/ij
ece.v6
i
3.9
307
9
36
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: h
ttp
://iaesjo
u
r
na
l.com/
o
n
lin
e/ind
e
x.ph
p
/
IJECE
Intran
et Desi
gn S
t
rategi
es
D
.
Ro
hit
h
Ro
sha
n
,
K.
Subba Ra
o
Department o
f
C
o
mputer Scien
c
e
and
Engin
eerin
g, KL University
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received Nov 3, 2015
Rev
i
sed
D
ec 24
, 20
15
Accepte
d Ja
n
7, 2016
The
intran
ets
h
a
ve b
een d
e
plo
y
ed
ex
tens
ive
l
y in l
a
rge
and
s
m
all-s
cale
organizations. It has grown rapidly
b
y
o
ffering
featur
es lik
e c
o
llabor
ativ
e
com
m
unication
channels
, e
a
s
i
ng the bus
ines
s
proces
s
e
s
etc. T
y
p
i
c
a
l
l
y
organizations faced difficulties
but they
ar
e pre
v
alen
t while im
plem
enta
tion.
But the o
r
gani
z
a
tions
l
ack
cl
ear
s
t
rateg
i
es
in
de
s
i
gning intr
anet
.
It l
eads
to
loss on investment, time
and
productiv
it
y
,
a complete intr
anet failure.
Previous studies mainly
fo
cused on ma
nagem
e
nt, s
ecur
i
t
y
and
us
age et
c
.
This paper presents 9 design strategi
e
s
for intra
n
et a
ddressing sy
stem
oriented plan
th
at can be app
l
ied in
re
al-t
im
e to achi
e
ve improvement
in
organization
a
l p
e
rformance.
Keyword:
C
o
m
m
uni
cat
i
o
n
D
e
sign
St
r
a
tegies
Intra
n
et
K
now
ledg
e
Copyright ©
201
6 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
K
.
Subb
a
Rao
,
Depa
rt
m
e
nt
of
C
o
m
put
er Sci
e
nce a
n
d
E
ngi
n
eeri
n
g,
KL Uni
v
er
sity
,
G
r
een
Field
s
,
V
a
dd
esw
a
r
a
m
,
Gu
n
t
u
r
, Andh
ra Pr
ad
esh
5
2250
2.
Em
ail: subba
ra
o_c
se@kluniversity.in
1.
INTRODUCTION
An in
tran
et is
a n
e
twork wh
i
c
h
is lim
ited
to
its
o
r
ga
ni
zat
i
o
n
pr
o
v
i
d
i
n
g c
o
l
l
a
borat
i
v
e
co
m
m
uni
cat
i
o
n
to the em
ployees that are l
o
cated in
diffe
rent ge
og
rap
h
i
cal lo
catio
n
s
[1]. In
tran
ets inclu
d
e
E-m
a
il,
CMS
(C
o
n
t
e
nt
M
a
na
gem
e
nt
Sy
st
em
), C
a
l
e
ndars,
Pro
j
ect
M
a
na
gem
e
nt
et
c. Wi
t
h
ext
e
nsi
v
e b
e
nefi
t
s
o
f
t
h
e i
n
t
r
a
n
et
,
o
r
g
a
n
i
zatio
n
s
are sho
w
i
n
g
in
terest in
i
m
p
l
emen
tin
g
in
tr
anet. Fo
r ex
: kn
owledg
e gov
ernan
ce with
in
t
r
an
et will
p
r
ov
id
e g
r
eat b
e
n
e
fits
to
an
o
r
g
a
n
i
zatio
n
[2
].
Ben
e
fits
o
f
in
tran
et in
cl
ud
e efficien
t, co
st-effectiv
e, stab
ility
,
flex
ib
ility, prod
u
c
tiv
ity an
d
man
y
m
o
re.
As
or
ga
ni
zat
i
ons cam
e t
o
k
n
o
w
i
t
s
val
u
e, t
h
e i
n
t
r
anet
s
co
nsi
s
t
e
nt
l
y
de
ve
l
op
fr
om
a co
m
m
uni
cat
i
o
n
t
ool
an
d r
e
so
u
r
ce shari
ng i
n
t
o
new c
o
l
l
a
b
o
ra
t
i
v
e wo
r
kpl
ace
areas.
A conc
eptual m
odel [3] has ide
n
tifie
d the
effect of collaborative workplaces an
d sugge
sted that intra
n
et usage is
highly dri
v
en by orga
niz
a
tional
cul
t
u
re
, as
wel
l
as
by
pe
rs
pect
i
v
e t
o
war
d
s
bl
og
gi
n
g
.
Fr
o
m
co
mm
u
n
i
catio
n
and
i
n
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
p
e
r
s
p
ectiv
e, an
i
n
t
r
an
et is
pr
oductiv
e in
so
cializatio
n
an
d
fi
n
d
i
n
g i
n
fo
rm
at
i
on.
Li
ke
wi
se, com
m
uni
cat
i
on a
n
d i
n
fo
r
m
at
i
on are i
n
t
e
gral
t
o
o
n
e a
not
her
wi
t
h
re
spect
t
o
so
cializin
g
n
e
wco
m
ers. Develo
p
i
ng
a great in
tran
et
framework
will en
h
a
n
ce so
cializatio
n
in
n
e
wco
m
ers
faster a
n
d bett
er.
In t
h
e inform
ation point
of
view
,
n
e
wco
m
ers are slow in
ob
tain
ing
inform
atio
n
fro
m
i
n
t
r
anet
b
u
t
i
n
com
m
uni
cat
i
on poi
nt
o
f
view they are
effectiv
e in
find
ing
i
n
fo
rm
atio
n
from
in
tran
et
[4
].
A
n
i
n
tran
et is an
in
form
at
io
n
system
th
at u
tilizes in
tern
et tech
no
logy an
d
fi
rew
a
ll
s to
prov
id
e
ex
p
a
nd
ab
ility, secu
rity, an
d
o
p
e
nn
ess.
In
tern
et techno
l
ogy co
n
c
en
trates o
n
security issu
es i
n
connectio
n
s
b
e
tween
in
tranet an
d
th
e in
tern
et. It is h
a
rd
to
co
m
p
are an
d ha
ndl
e t
h
e n
e
t
w
o
r
k c
o
n
n
ec
t
i
on bet
w
ee
n i
n
t
r
a
n
et
and internet.
Furt
herm
ore, t
h
ere is
in
ad
equ
a
te techn
i
cal sup
port fo
r i
n
tr
a
n
et security. The
r
efore
,
i
n
tra
n
et
security is a critical issue. Besides re
qu
iremen
ts fo
r i
n
tran
et an
d
i
n
tern
et
s
ecurity are
diss
im
ilar. The i
n
t
e
rnet
m
a
i
n
l
y
concer
ns ab
out
secu
r
e
t
r
ansm
i
ssi
on of i
n
f
o
rm
a
tio
n
b
e
tween
syste
m
s. Wh
ile, in
tran
et secu
rity
li
mit
s
wi
t
h
i
n
t
h
e sy
st
em
i
n
si
de
or
ga
ni
zat
i
on
[
5
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ECE
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
7
0
8
Int
r
anet
Desi
g
n
St
rat
e
gi
es (
D
. R
ohi
t
h
Ro
sh
a
n
)
9
37
Man
y
ti
m
e
s in
tran
ets are typically larg
e in
fo
rm
atio
n
system
s an
d
th
ey are m
ean
t to
evo
l
v
e
wh
ich
m
a
kes i
t
har
d
t
o
desi
gn a
s
fl
exi
b
l
e
sy
st
e
m
t
h
at
can ha
ndl
e c
h
a
nges
[6]
.
F
o
r t
h
i
s
a
s
pect
A
g
i
l
e
S
o
ft
ware
Dev
e
l
o
p
m
en
t is th
e b
e
st to
im
p
l
e
m
en
t it. I
n
crem
en
tal ch
an
g
e
is th
e m
a
i
n
id
ea of ag
ile d
e
v
e
lop
m
en
t. Fo
r ex
:
Devel
op a sm
al
l
i
n
t
r
anet
wi
t
h
few re
qui
r
e
m
e
nt
s an
d t
a
ke em
pl
oy
ees feedback
, m
a
ke
m
o
di
fi
cat
i
ons acc
or
di
n
g
t
o
t
h
e fee
dbac
k
an
d t
h
e
n
m
ove t
o
ot
he
r r
e
qui
rem
e
nt
s. Li
ke t
h
i
s
i
n
cr
em
ent
a
l
way
by
i
n
v
o
l
v
i
ng
users i
n
desi
g
n
i
n
g ca
n
m
a
ke a bet
t
e
r
i
n
t
r
a
n
et
.
Since the
viabilit
y of information system
s
relies
upon its user acce
ptance, va
rious st
udies
ha
ve
analyzed the ele
m
ents that
infl
uen
ce user
acceptance
.
Failures and loss
of
reve
nue in the intranet is often
accredited t
o
e
m
ployees who won'
t accept inform
ation syste
m
s [7]. And
also the e
x
te
rnal factors
[8] i
n
clude
task
in
terd
ep
en
d
e
n
ce, task
eq
u
i
v
o
cality, and
web
exp
e
rien
ce
affect
th
e p
e
rcei
v
e
d
u
s
efu
l
n
e
ss, p
e
rceived
ease
of
use
an
d
usa
g
e
of
i
n
t
r
a
n
et
.
A problem
with the intra
n
et is
to
m
a
ke sure that em
ployees pe
rceive a way to get access to
in
fo
rm
atio
n
they wan
t
fo
r b
e
t
t
er p
e
rform
a
n
ce. Th
e in
t
r
an
et
will b
e
m
o
re
po
werfu
l
if it is
d
e
sign
ed
as an
en
try
p
o
rtal for
d
a
ily b
u
sin
e
ss activities o
f
an
o
r
g
a
n
i
zatio
n
.
Fo
r t
h
is pu
rpo
s
e, i
n
tran
ets sh
ou
ld
p
r
ov
id
e informatio
n
lik
e ru
les,
regu
latio
n
s
,
d
e
m
o
s, etc. So
, an in
tran
et ar
c
h
itecture
should
be sim
p
le such
that an em
ployee can
find
th
e ri
g
h
t
in
fo
rm
atio
n
quick
ly. Th
e simp
le arch
itectu
r
e is to
fo
llo
w
o
r
g
a
n
i
zatio
n
a
l
stru
cture. Sin
c
e the
e
m
p
l
o
y
ees know
th
e stru
ctur
e ev
en
tu
ally th
ey p
e
rf
or
m
w
e
ll [9
].
The
key as
pects for i
n
tranet’s
success
include conten
t, m
a
nagem
e
nt and te
chni
cal infra
structure [1].
Eve
n
though t
h
ere a
r
e seve
ra
l successful stories, m
a
ny us
ers are b
a
ffled
an
d
irritated
wit
h
th
e in
tran
et fo
r the
p
r
o
f
its th
ey nev
e
r
g
e
t.
W
i
t
h
th
e ex
ten
s
ive u
s
e of in
tran
et, qu
ality
man
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
is requ
ired
. Efficien
cy,
functionality, and
reliability [10] are the
key factor
s al
ong
with suit
ability, accu
ra
cy, availability, ti
me
b
e
h
a
v
i
or and
secu
rity are n
e
ed
to b
e
co
n
s
i
d
ered fo
r in
tran
et
qu
ality
m
a
n
a
ge
m
e
n
t
.
In
org
a
n
i
zation
s
in
tran
et is
ex
ten
s
i
v
ely u
tilized
as co
mm
u
n
i
catio
n
to
o
l
an
d
k
nowled
g
e
sh
ari
n
g.
Org
a
n
i
zatio
n
s
are regu
larly con
f
ron
t
ed
with
th
e
d
i
ffi
c
u
lties and
assu
red
b
e
n
e
fits on
techno
log
y
,
b
u
t
d
i
fficu
lties are p
r
ev
alen
t in
i
m
p
l
e
m
en
tatio
n
.
Bu
sin
e
ss ch
an
g
e
s, eco
n
o
m
i
c
facts and
com
p
et
itio
n
a
l p
r
essu
res
mad
e
d
e
p
a
rtmen
t
s to ch
ange in
to
m
o
re co
llab
o
rativ
e t
h
an
ind
e
p
e
nd
ent [11
]
.
Wh
ile
o
r
g
a
n
i
zatio
n
s
u
tilize
inform
ation system
s like intranet,
em
ployees are suppose
d to receive a
nd s
u
pport the
technol
ogy instantly.
Although iss
u
e
s
like unstable design and ins
u
fficient gr
oundwork ha
s affe
cted the
intranet acceptance. Poorly
desi
g
n
e
d
a
n
d
m
a
naged
i
n
t
r
a
n
et
s
dam
a
ge t
h
e ci
rc
ul
at
i
o
n
of
k
n
o
wl
e
dge
,
creat
es m
i
st
rust
, a
n
d
ha
ve
a ba
d
cust
om
er rel
a
t
i
ons
hi
p.
U
n
fortun
ately, litt
le h
a
s b
e
en d
o
n
e
o
n
t
h
e desig
n
o
f
i
n
tranet. In
ou
r study, w
e
presen
t 9
strateg
i
es as
sho
w
n i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e 1 fo
r desi
g
n
i
n
g i
n
t
r
a
n
et
regar
d
l
e
ss o
f
si
ze of t
h
e or
ga
ni
zat
i
on an
d
whi
c
h can be
appl
i
e
d
pract
i
cal
l
y
t
o
a
c
hi
eve i
m
pro
v
e
m
e
nt
i
n
o
r
gan
i
zat
i
onal
pe
rf
or
m
a
nce.
Fi
gu
re
1.
I
n
t
r
a
n
et
De
si
g
n
St
r
a
t
e
gi
es
2.
INTRANET DESIGN STRATEGIES
2.
1.
Determine
Objective
s
and P
r
om
otion
2.
1.
1.
Determine
Objective
s
Effi
ci
ent
Int
r
a
n
et
s m
u
st
sati
sfy
per
p
et
ual
need
s o
f
e
m
pl
oy
ees i
n
si
de w
o
rki
ng e
nvi
ro
nm
ent
.
Determ
in
in
g
ob
j
ectives
for the in
tran
et assu
res th
at th
e im
p
l
e
m
en
tin
g
techn
o
l
o
g
y
, d
e
sign and
go
v
e
rn
i
n
g ru
les
refl
ect
s em
pl
oy
ees'
needs.
S
e
veral
o
r
ga
ni
z
a
t
i
ons
u
nde
rst
o
o
d
t
h
e a
b
s
o
l
u
t
e
a
n
d
u
n
d
er
l
y
i
ng
bene
fi
t
s
wi
t
h
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-87
08
IJEC
E
V
o
l
.
6,
No
. 3,
J
u
ne 2
0
1
6
:
93
6 – 9
4
4
93
8
intranet a
n
d are eager t
o
m
a
ke outs
t
a
n
d
i
n
g
spec
ul
at
i
ons
r
e
gar
d
l
e
ss
of c
o
st
s. T
h
e e
v
al
uat
i
o
n
o
f
s
ubs
t
a
nt
i
a
l
n
eeds o
f
th
e
bu
sin
e
ss is im
p
o
rtan
t b
e
fo
re i
n
tran
et d
e
sign
un
de
rt
aki
n
g. T
h
ere
f
o
r
e, a
n
effectiv
e in
tran
et sh
ou
ld
b
e
ab
le to signify its sup
port
to
o
r
g
a
n
i
zation to
ward
s accom
p
l
ish
i
n
g
its ob
j
ectives.
In
d
e
ed
, th
e
ob
j
ecti
v
es
of
intranet
m
u
st be
ass
o
ciated with orga
nization objectiv
es, in s
u
c
h
a
m
a
nne
r t
h
at they
can hel
p
int
r
anet'
s
assessm
ent
.
Th
e f
o
l
l
o
wi
ng
ar
e t
h
e
key
o
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
es. I
n
a
d
di
t
i
on t
o
t
h
e
s
e a
n
o
r
ga
ni
zat
i
o
n
c
a
n
have
ot
her
m
o
re
objectives
accordi
n
g to t
h
eir
business
needs
.
a.
Am
pl
i
f
y
Orga
n
i
zat
i
onal
C
o
m
m
uni
cat
i
ons.
b.
M
a
nage
Team
wo
rk
.
c.
Sm
oot
h-R
u
n
n
i
n
g
o
f
B
u
si
nes
s
Ope
r
at
i
o
ns &
Pro
cesses.
d.
Yi
el
d R
e
m
a
rka
b
l
e
M
o
ney
-
Sa
v
i
ngs
.
e.
B
oost
Or
ga
ni
z
a
t
i
onal
K
n
owl
e
dge
G
o
ver
n
a
n
c
e
.
f.
En
hance
HR
M
a
nagem
e
nt
.
g.
Rev
e
nu
e G
r
owth
.
h.
Int
e
grat
i
n
g B
u
si
ness
Ap
pl
i
cat
i
ons
.
2.
1.
2.
Prom
oti
o
n
Prom
ot
i
n
g
i
n
t
r
anet
i
s
a
neve
r
en
di
n
g
pr
oces
s. T
h
e
pr
om
ot
ion
o
f
i
n
t
r
anet
t
o
st
aff is eternal, starti
ng
fro
m
i
t
s lau
n
c
h
d
a
y to
its ulti
mate retiremen
t. Em
p
l
o
y
ees w
ill en
du
re in
tran
et igno
ran
ce through
ti
m
e
.
Mo
reo
v
e
r, th
e
in
tran
et
sign
ifican
ce
will d
i
sreg
ard
,
or t
h
ey
will ex
p
l
o
it only a min
i
m
a
l s
ectio
n
o
f
th
e
site. For
effectiv
e in
tranet p
r
o
m
o
tio
n
,
d
e
term
in
e its
o
b
j
ectives
sound and com
p
lete with a clear
message. The i
n
tra
n
et
m
u
st
be ex
pos
ed at
al
l
possi
bl
e l
e
vel
s
o
f
a
n
or
ga
ni
zat
i
o
n
.
M
a
ke
di
sc
us
si
ons
wi
t
h
t
h
e
ut
m
o
st
num
ber
o
f
em
pl
oy
ees i
n
t
h
e o
r
ga
ni
zat
i
o
n
,
ab
o
u
t intranet over and ove
r a
g
ain.
An e
x
t
r
em
el
y
com
p
el
l
i
ng pr
om
ot
i
n
g
strateg
y
is to
su
pp
lan
t
attachmen
t
s in
th
e e-mail with
relevan
t
lin
k
s
t
o
in
t
r
an
et
p
a
g
e
s. Li
k
e
th
is, em
ail
acts as
a m
a
rket
i
ng st
r
a
t
e
gy
fo
r i
n
t
r
a
n
et
. I
n
t
h
e w
h
o
l
e or
gani
zat
i
on, all b
r
owsers
o
ugh
t to
h
a
v
e
in
tran
et as its lan
d
i
n
g
page
.
In
t
h
i
s
m
a
nne
r,
at
eve
r
y
t
i
m
e
t
h
e use
r
ope
ns
t
h
e
b
r
owser, instan
tly in
tran
et is
d
i
sp
layed
.
Ab
ov
e all
th
is,
few
or
ga
ni
zat
i
ons
ha
ve deci
d
e
d t
o
o
p
e
n
i
n
t
r
anet
o
n
use
r
l
o
gi
n. T
h
i
s
ap
p
r
oach set
s
i
n
t
r
a
n
et
i
n
t
h
e si
g
h
t
of t
h
e
user at the ve
ry beginning of each da
y. A lot of these
organizations re
ali
zed this technique as exce
pt
ional,
esp
ecially wh
en
th
e in
tran
et
often
c
h
a
nges
i
t
s
l
a
n
d
i
n
g
page
l
i
k
e p
r
esent
i
ng
q
uot
e
o
f
t
h
e
d
a
y
,
ne
ws et
c.
2.
2.
Ro
les a
n
d
Respo
n
sibilities
At wh
atev
er
po
in
t an
y n
e
w
kin
d
o
f
app
licatio
n
is
d
e
v
e
loped
,
a
group
of
ex
p
e
rts
will p
l
ay a cru
c
ial
ro
le t
o
d
r
iv
e thin
g
s
easily. You
r
org
a
n
i
zation in
tran
et is
a t
y
pe
of
ap
pl
i
cat
i
o
n
an
d
nee
d
s t
h
e e
xpe
rt
i
s
e t
o
hel
p
ove
rsee i
t
.
An
i
n
t
r
anet
,
re
gar
d
l
e
ss o
f
i
t
wel
l
st
ruct
u
r
e, ca
n
'
t
devel
op
o
r
a
dva
nce
pr
o
duc
t
i
v
el
y
i
f
t
h
e ex
pert
s
aren
't th
ere t
o
p
u
ll it in
a
p
r
og
ressi
v
e
d
i
rect
io
n
.
So
it is n
e
cessary to
g
e
t
th
e righ
t
p
e
op
l
e
with
d
e
fi
n
e
d ro
les
an
d
respon
sib
i
l
ities to
d
r
iv
e intran
et with
th
e
g
o
a
l th
at
it will co
n
tinu
e
to
exist co
n
s
isten
tly ev
en
it g
r
ows o
v
e
r
tim
e
. W
e
categorize t
h
ese
role
s into three
types.
2.
2.
1.
Administrative Roles
In
tra
n
e
t Sp
on
so
r
/ Own
e
r
The intra
n
et spons
or/owne
r
preser
ve
s t
h
e associ
at
i
on bet
w
e
e
n i
n
t
r
a
n
et
and
orga
ni
zat
i
o
n’s
ob
ject
i
v
es
.
Th
ey will assist in
b
o
t
h
resou
r
ce an
d
fi
n
a
n
c
ial related
requ
ire
m
en
ts o
f
th
e in
tran
et. Th
ey are th
e fin
a
l d
e
cisio
n
mak
e
rs in
in
t
r
an
et related
matters. Und
e
r th
eir sup
e
rv
isio
n, a co
mmittee will b
e
i
n
actio
n
wh
ose so
le
respon
sib
ility is to
p
a
y atten
tio
n to
t
h
e
fo
llowing
in
t
r
an
et i
ssu
es:
Form
a G
o
ver
n
i
ng
Pri
n
ci
pl
e.
Determ
in
e an
d au
thorize an in
tran
et ru
les,
reg
u
l
ation
s
, and p
e
rsp
ectiv
e.
Build a B
u
sine
ss Fram
ework
for
Intra
n
et.
Mak
e
p
o
licies for
Pub
lish
i
ng
Bu
dg
eting
Projects and
Prioritizatio
n
.
I
n
tra
n
e
t Manag
er
In
tran
et Man
a
g
e
r is a p
e
rson
in
ch
arg
e
for prov
id
i
n
g
an
d
org
a
n
i
zing
th
e in
tran
et. His resp
on
si
b
ilities
in
clu
d
e
proj
ect
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
, recogn
izin
g in
tran
et's fu
rt
h
e
r d
e
v
e
lop
m
en
t o
ppo
rt
u
n
ities
etc. Lik
e
wise,
h
e
is
resp
o
n
si
bl
e f
o
r assi
g
n
i
n
g p
r
ope
r aut
h
o
r
i
z
a
t
i
ons an
d m
a
kes cert
a
i
n
t
h
at
t
h
i
ngs
w
on'
t
go
o
u
t
of
ha
n
d
.
He
su
perv
ises th
e o
v
erall wo
rk
i
n
g
of in
tra
n
et
on
a daily bas
i
s, concent
r
ates
on
gu
aran
teein
g
t
h
at th
e intran
et
works as a pro
d
u
c
tiv
e
bu
siness too
l
, an
d also
en
sures t
h
at ev
ery
b
od
y i
s
fo
llo
wi
n
g
in
t
r
an
et
ru
les. This jo
b
tu
rn
s
o
u
t
t
o
b
e
p
a
rticu
l
arly essen
tial wh
en
y
o
u
h
a
v
e
an ex
ten
s
iv
e
sub
s
et
o
f
staff
u
s
i
n
g th
e in
tran
et d
a
ily,
as th
e
requirem
ents for intra
n
et e
vol
ution grows
wi
th each contri
bution to t
h
e
virtual group.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ECE
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
7
0
8
Int
r
anet
Desi
g
n
St
rat
e
gi
es (
D
. R
ohi
t
h
Ro
sh
a
n
)
9
39
Busine
ss A
n
alyst
An
or
ga
ni
zat
i
o
n com
m
onl
y
est
a
bl
i
s
hes an i
n
t
r
a
n
et
with
on
e prin
cipal ob
j
ective of efficien
t d
a
ily
activities to enhance t
h
e business.
Hence
,
there shoul
d be
s
o
m
e
body withi
n
in the bou
nds of the intrane
t
who
can act as a
busi
n
ess analy
s
t, deci
di
n
g
every
si
n
g
l
e
m
ove
whi
c
h sh
oul
d be m
a
de i
n
orde
r t
o
k
eep t
h
e
o
r
g
a
n
i
zatio
n
win
n
i
ng
in
co
m
p
etitio
n
.
Mo
stl
y
, th
ese p
e
op
le sh
ou
ld
h
a
v
e
kn
owledg
e on
ho
w th
e org
a
n
i
zatio
n
works in bo
th
in
tern
al and
extern
al m
a
tters so
h
e
can
i
d
entify trend
s
an
d gu
id
e t
h
e
o
r
gan
i
zatio
n in
t
h
e b
e
st
cou
r
se t
o
m
o
v
e
furt
her
.
He
sho
u
l
d
be i
n
c
ont
act
wi
t
h
bu
si
ness pi
onee
r
s t
o
col
l
ect
needs f
o
r
new i
n
t
r
anet
p
r
oj
ects an
d ov
er
see th
e eff
o
r
t
s of
t
h
e
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
en
t g
r
ou
p. H
i
s k
e
y
obj
ectiv
es ar
e to
be in
co
mm
u
n
i
catio
n
with
clien
t
s (intern
a
l em
p
l
o
y
e
e
s), to
co
m
p
reh
e
nd
in
tr
an
et req
u
i
rem
e
n
t
s, an
alyzes b
u
s
i
n
ess cases v
i
ab
ility fo
r
d
i
screte proj
ect
s, to
d
e
sign
b
e
st th
e Kn
owledg
e Go
v
e
rn
an
ce so
lu
tion
s
for
Org
a
n
i
zati
o
n
an
d
also
to
fu
l
f
ill th
eir
busi
n
ess re
qui
r
e
m
e
nt
s.
2.
2.
2.
Information T
echnol
o
gy
Roles
Architect
Un
lik
e
d
e
sign
er, th
e in
tran
et arch
itect is d
i
fferen
t
in
sev
e
ral ways, p
r
ed
omin
an
tly h
e
is
respo
n
s
i
b
l
e
fo
r m
a
nagi
ng i
n
f
o
rm
at
i
on. A
wr
on
gl
y
m
a
naged i
n
f
o
rm
at
i
on can
ove
rfl
o
w
i
n
t
r
a
n
et
, w
h
i
c
h i
s
why
so
m
e
body
sh
ou
l
d
tack
le
with
th
is ro
le.
As an
ex
cep
tion
a
l in
fo
rm
a
tio
n
arch
itect, it's
a trial an
d
erro
r task
in
m
a
n
y
ti
mes.
To
d
e
si
g
n
an
ab
so
l
u
te stru
cture for th
e co
mm
u
n
ity,
it
is es
sen
tial th
at th
e
in
form
at
io
n
arch
itect
m
u
st co
n
s
ider
t
h
e
re
qui
rem
e
nt
s
of
y
o
u
r
or
ga
ni
zat
i
on
al
on
g wi
t
h
se
veral
ot
her feat
u
r
es of
t
h
e
i
n
t
r
a
n
et
. In
suc
h
c
onsi
d
er
at
i
on,
em
pl
oy
ee’s fee
dbac
k
ca
n be e
x
cept
i
o
nal
l
y
us
eful
.
Desig
n
er
The at
t
r
act
i
v
e
and m
ode
rn i
n
t
r
anet
s
of t
h
e
s
e
day
s
we
re t
h
e
out
c
o
m
e
s of t
h
e i
n
t
e
nse ha
r
d
wo
rk m
a
de
b
y
sk
illed
d
e
sig
n
e
rs. He can
m
a
k
e
an
in
tran
et to
loo
k
p
l
easan
t, co
ol an
d
tren
d
y
.
It is fru
st
rating
and
t
r
o
ubl
es
om
e when
we st
ra
nde
d i
n
si
de t
h
e i
n
t
r
anet
,
hence a
desi
g
n
er i
s
re
q
u
i
r
e
d
w
ho ca
n
ru
n i
n
t
r
a
n
et
pe
rfect
l
y
and
gi
ve a f
r
es
h l
o
ok
. Sm
all
scal
e orga
ni
zat
i
ons ca
n'
t
affo
r
d
a desi
gne
r, f
o
r t
h
i
s
reaso
n
,
t
h
ey
app
r
oac
h
i
n
t
r
ane
t
ven
d
o
rs
,
wh
o t
a
ke ca
re
of
eve
r
y
t
hi
n
g
f
r
o
m
desi
gn
t
o
i
t
s
m
a
int
e
na
nce,
so
y
o
u
d
o
n
'
t
need t
o
pani
c.
Op
era
ting
Team
The
Ope
r
at
i
n
g
t
e
am
i
s
act
ual
l
y
a gr
o
up
of
I
T
(I
n
f
o
r
m
a
ti
on
Tech
nol
ogy
)
peo
p
l
e
. T
h
ey
h
a
ve a c
r
uci
a
l
ro
le i
n
u
p
d
a
tin
g and
m
a
in
tain
in
g th
e in
t
r
an
et. Th
eir
daily activ
ities
in
clud
e allo
catin
g
p
e
rm
issi
o
n
s
for
accessing intra
n
et along
with assuring
t
h
at intra
n
et is acce
ssible, s
o
und a
n
d sec
u
re. T
h
is group is i
n
c
h
arge
fo
r al
l
up
gr
adi
ng
o
p
erat
i
o
ns (
w
hi
c
h
m
a
y
i
n
cl
ude c
r
eat
i
ng t
e
am
si
t
e
s, di
scussi
o
n
boa
rd
s
and s
o
m
a
ny
.)
t
h
at
are
approve
d
by intranet c
o
mmittee. T
h
ey guara
n
tee trouble-free day to
d
a
y
op
eration
s
i
n
t
h
e in
tran
et.
2.
2.
3.
Co
nten
t R
o
les
C
ont
e
n
t
Ap
pr
o
ver
The co
nt
ent
a
p
pr
o
v
ers ar
e pe
opl
e w
h
o su
pe
rvi
s
e i
n
up
dat
i
ng t
h
ei
r de
part
m
e
nt
s i
n
fo
rm
ati
on w
h
i
c
h i
s
no
rm
al
ly
i
n
form
at
i
on reg
a
rdi
ng b
u
si
ne
ss, (f
or e
x
a
m
pl
e, news)
or de
part
m
e
nt
'
s
, (fo
r exam
pl
e,
occasions/eve
nts) and aut
h
orize it. They guarantee t
h
at
this inform
ation/conte
n
t is
valid, latest a
n
d a
s
pe
r
standa
rds s
p
ecified
by th
e
Intranet Co
mm
i
tte
e.
C
ont
e
n
t
C
o
nt
ri
but
or
Th
e m
a
j
o
rity of in
tran
ets
p
e
rmit ev
eryb
od
y
to
con
t
ri
bu
te i
n
fo
rm
atio
n
/
con
t
en
t to
a
certain
lev
e
l.
And
yo
u
can
set sp
ecific check
lists o
r
limita
tio
n
s
th
at
sh
ou
ld
b
e
fo
llowed
wh
ile co
n
t
ribu
ting
th
e
co
n
t
en
t/in
fo
rm
atio
n
.
Th
ese co
n
t
ribu
to
rs are in
ch
arg
e
fo
r
p
r
op
o
s
i
n
g th
e
co
n
t
en
t
b
y
fo
llo
wi
n
g
in
tran
et
ru
les
and deal
with the
page
s that
t
h
ey are
res
p
onsible for.
Co
n
t
en
t Writer
Writers/Ed
ito
rs are th
e con
t
en
t qu
ality con
t
ro
llers w
ith resp
ect to th
e
stan
d
a
rd
s
o
f
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
i
zati
on.
Th
ey gu
aran
tee th
at th
e bu
si
n
e
ss co
n
t
en
t/inform
at
io
n
wh
i
c
h
is d
e
liv
ered is in
reliab
l
e
in
flectio
n
or usin
g
a
presc
r
i
b
e
d
st
y
l
e. These co
nt
e
n
t
wri
t
e
rs m
a
ke st
ory
l
i
n
es on or
ga
ni
zat
i
on
news
or eve
n
t
s
, i
nve
nt
i
ons a
n
d m
a
y
b
e
th
e in
tran
et
p
r
og
ress itself.
2.
3.
C
o
mm
u
n
i
ca
t
i
o
n
& Gov
e
r
n
an
c
e
2.
3.
1.
C
o
mm
u
n
i
ca
t
i
o
n
Inc
r
easi
n
g c
o
m
m
uni
cat
i
ons
i
n
si
de
of a
n
o
r
gani
zat
i
o
n
is the central idea
of an
i
n
tranet
. Disconnected,
di
sl
ocat
ed a
n
d
m
i
sl
ead em
ploy
ees can sh
o
w
ba
d pe
rf
or
m
a
nce and
di
sen
g
age
d
pe
rs
on
nel
t
h
at
eve
n
t
u
al
l
y
effects y
o
ur
business.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-87
08
IJEC
E
V
o
l
.
6,
No
. 3,
J
u
ne 2
0
1
6
:
93
6 – 9
4
4
94
0
An i
n
tra
n
et is an appropriat
e collaborative co
mm
u
n
i
cat
io
n
too
l
to
attract and
co
llab
o
rate you
r
e
m
p
l
o
y
ees to
k
eep
t
h
em
in
fo
rm
ed
and
effectiv
e to
im
p
r
o
v
e
wo
rk
p
r
o
d
u
c
tiv
ity for better cu
sto
m
er serv
ice
and busine
ss
ope
rations.
The design
of a
n
intranet
s
hould s
u
ppor
t productive
workplaces
where
each
e
m
ployee has give
n value a
n
d opport
un
ity of contri
buting their ideas. This
can be accom
p
lished by enga
ging
e
m
p
l
o
y
ees w
i
t
h
a
r
e
liab
l
e sou
r
ce of
info
r
m
atio
n
an
d condu
ct d
i
scu
ssi
o
n
s
o
r
d
e
b
a
tes t
o
ex
ch
ang
e
th
ei
r v
i
ew
s
and
i
d
eas
f
o
r
t
h
e sa
ke
of
t
h
e
o
r
ga
ni
zat
i
o
n
.
The
req
u
i
r
em
ent
s
of
seve
ral
di
ffe
re
nt
i
n
t
e
r
n
al
com
m
uni
cat
i
ons
,
i
n
cl
ude
s:
B
r
oa
dcast
t
o
p-l
e
vel
g
o
al
s,
st
ra
t
e
gi
es an
d
deci
si
ons
.
Di
ssem
i
nat
e
com
p
li
ance an
d a
d
m
i
ni
st
rat
i
on u
pdat
e
s
.
Sha
r
i
n
g
or
gani
zat
i
on’s
eve
n
t
s
, ne
ws,
a
n
d
suc
cess st
o
r
i
e
s.
An
n
o
u
n
ci
n
g
o
r
gani
zat
i
o
n’s
i
n
no
vat
i
o
ns i
n
se
rvi
ces a
n
d
pr
o
duct
s
Unv
e
ilin
g ind
u
stry up
d
a
tes
Co
nv
eying
o
p
e
ratio
n
a
l
and
fro
n
tlin
e
m
e
ssages
2.
3.
2.
Governance
Kn
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
G
ove
r
n
ance
i
s
an a
r
ea
whi
c
h s
u
p
p
o
rt
s i
n
m
a
nagi
ng t
o
rec
o
g
n
i
z
i
n
g,
rep
r
ese
n
t
i
n
g
,
assessi
n
g
, s
h
ar
i
ng a
nd e
x
t
r
act
i
ng t
h
e e
n
t
i
r
e i
n
f
o
rm
at
i
on i
n
an o
r
ga
ni
zat
i
o
n. O
r
gani
zat
i
o
n i
s
not
a si
n
g
l
e
t
h
i
n
g
or
bei
n
g
,
i
t
i
s
an ass
o
ci
at
i
o
n
of
pe
o
p
l
e
. T
h
e
r
ef
ore
,
c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
onal
st
rat
e
gi
es an
d
p
r
oce
d
ur
es are
esse
nt
i
a
l
,
t
h
e
wealth
o
f
an
o
r
g
a
n
i
zation
lies with
th
e kn
owl
e
d
g
e
of
p
e
op
le/e
m
p
lo
yees work
i
n
g
un
d
e
r it an
d
ho
w th
ey
u
tilize
i
t
.
Kn
o
w
l
e
d
g
e Go
ve
rna
n
ce of
fers
seve
ral
pr
oced
u
r
es
a
n
d
m
e
t
hod
ol
o
g
i
e
s,
t
e
ndi
ng
t
o
f
o
u
r
pri
n
ci
pal
at
t
r
i
but
es:
peo
p
l
e
pr
ocess
cont
e
n
t
technology
In
org
a
n
i
zation
s
, th
e co
mm
u
n
ity-b
ased
co
llab
o
ration
s
shou
ld
tak
e
respon
sib
ility o
f
m
a
in
tain
in
g
the
kn
o
w
l
e
d
g
e c
once
r
ni
n
g
t
h
ei
r dom
ai
ns by
bui
l
d
i
ng a
kn
o
w
l
e
dge
base.
Thi
s
hel
p
s ot
her
depa
rt
m
e
nt
s/
dom
ai
ns/
s
ect
i
ons o
f
bu
si
ness
w
h
i
c
h m
a
y
enco
u
n
t
e
r sam
e
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
.
And
t
h
i
s
base
m
a
y
be
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
u
tilizin
g
v
a
ri
o
u
s
feasib
le
an
d
distin
ctiv
e
techn
o
l
o
g
i
es lik
e
CMS, so
cial
network
s
/co
llabo
rativ
e
co
mm
u
n
ities
an
d
wik
i
s. Desp
ite tech
no
l
o
g
i
es
u
tilized
, th
e env
i
ro
nmen
t sh
ou
ld
b
e
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d with
a
perce
p
t
i
o
n o
n
ho
w kn
o
w
l
e
dge ca
n be s
h
are
d
an
d m
a
nage
d wi
t
h
re
spect
i
v
e t
o
t
h
e requi
rem
e
nts of t
h
e
co
mm
u
n
ity.
2.
4.
Information Architec
ture
Inform
ation Architecture is
a
means which
keep knowle
d
ge
and in
form
at
i
o
n
syste
m
atica
lly su
ch
th
at
p
e
op
le can
simp
ly ob
tain
wh
at th
ey n
e
ed
.
The in
tran
et oug
ht to
b
e
ab
le to
h
a
nd
le an
y k
i
nd
o
f
con
t
en
t:
Text
Im
ages
Vi
de
os
Doc
u
m
e
nts
Form
s
Nev
e
r try to
desig
n
you
r i
n
tran
et ex
cessi
v
e
ly. Th
is m
a
y c
a
u
s
e ov
er-inv
estin
g
in
techn
o
lo
g
y
wh
ich
m
a
y
be t
r
o
ubl
esom
e and e
x
pen
s
i
v
e t
o
pe
r
f
o
r
m
m
odi
fi
cat
i
ons
wi
t
h
i
n
t
h
e fut
u
re
. C
o
nc
ent
r
at
e o
n
a
si
m
p
le
desi
g
n
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
fl
exi
b
l
e
wi
t
h
t
h
e
gr
o
w
i
n
g
em
pl
oy
ee nee
d
s a
n
d c
h
a
ngi
ng
e
nvi
r
o
nm
ent
.
Int
r
anet
s
h
a
ve a
n
incre
d
ible qua
ntity
of knowl
e
dge
that has to
be
si
m
p
ly
accessible.
Therefore
,
utilizi
n
g
prope
r na
vigation
feature is im
portant to an effi
cient
in
tran
et an
d
b
e
st clien
t/u
ser ex
p
e
rien
ce. Inform
atio
n
Arch
itectu
r
e is lik
ely
to inc
o
rporate t
h
e s
u
bseque
nt
feature
s
of a
n
i
n
tra
n
et site:
site tax
o
n
o
m
y/
stru
cture
metad
a
ta
search sc
hem
a
navi
gat
i
o
n
These a
r
e all correlated. For exam
ple, if you a
r
e navi
gating inside
intranet then
it is
accordingly
han
d
l
e
d
by
t
h
e
si
t
e
'
s
st
ruct
ur
e. He
nce, si
t
e
st
ruct
u
r
e m
i
rrors y
o
u
r
na
vi
g
a
t
i
on as sh
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
re
2. I
n
fact
yo
ur
co
m
p
an
y's in
tr
an
et inform
ation archit
ecture re
flects its orga
nization c
h
art. An
efficient Information
Arc
h
i
t
ect
ure
su
pp
o
r
t
s
t
h
e
su
bs
eque
nt
goal
s
:
Fea
s
ible :
W
ill
th
e
IT team
p
r
o
d
u
c
tiv
ely acco
m
p
lish
and
con
t
ro
l th
e i
n
fo
rmatio
n?
Requireme
nts
Satis
f
action :
W
ill th
e in
fo
rm
atio
n
arch
itectu
r
e m
e
et o
r
g
a
n
i
zation
a
l req
u
i
rem
e
n
t
s,
security, a
n
d privacy
objectives
?
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ECE
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
7
0
8
Int
r
anet
Desi
g
n
St
rat
e
gi
es (
D
. R
ohi
t
h
Ro
sh
a
n
)
9
41
Effecti
v
e Busi
ness :
W
ill th
e
arch
itecture rai
s
e th
e
bu
sin
e
ss produ
ctiv
ity
?
Fig
u
re
2
.
In
tran
et Site Arch
itectu
r
e
(Cou
rtesy: h
ttp
://www.v
alian
t
-d
esign
.
co
m
/
)
2.
5.
Brandin
g
The i
n
t
r
a
n
et
s
h
o
u
l
d
have
a
p
o
we
rf
ul
bra
n
d,
a re
co
g
n
i
t
i
on.
A
n
d
whe
n
we
say
t
h
e
w
o
r
d
B
r
an
d,
i
t
i
s
not
j
u
st
a w
o
r
d
m
a
rk, a col
o
r pal
e
t
t
e
, and
a sym
bol
. It
refers t
o
t
h
e
po
rt
ray
a
l
of y
o
u
r
or
ga
ni
zat
i
on a
nd i
t
i
s
im
port
a
nt
.
It
i
m
pact
s on t
h
e per
f
o
r
m
a
nce of em
pl
oy
ees and t
h
ei
r i
n
t
e
res
t
on y
o
u
r
or
ga
ni
zat
i
on. T
h
e i
n
t
r
a
n
et
m
u
st acq
u
i
re a sp
ecial id
en
tity fro
m
o
t
h
e
r
org
a
n
i
zati
o
n
commu
n
i
catio
n
s
su
ch
as co
m
p
an
y web
s
ite. Abo
v
e
all
t
h
i
s
, t
h
e
b
r
an
d
got
t
o
ea
rn
em
pl
oy
ees t
r
ust
a
n
d
re
veal
i
t
s
pu
rp
ose.
If it
d
o
e
sn’t earn em
p
l
o
y
ee’s
tru
s
t an
d th
ey’l
l j
u
st ign
o
re it. An
d all you
r effo
rts and
inv
e
st
m
e
n
t
will
be
wo
rt
hl
ess.
There
f
ore,
b
r
a
ndi
ng
i
s
so
i
m
port
a
nt
f
o
r an
in
tran
et.
Some ele
m
en
ts sh
ou
ld con
s
id
er wh
ile
bra
n
di
n
g
i
n
t
r
an
et
:
Intra
n
et
Nam
e
(sim
ple and ea
sily
m
e
m
o
rable).
Go easy
on col
o
rs
.
Minim
i
ze White Space
.
C
o
n
v
e
n
i
e
nt
Na
vi
gat
i
o
n a
n
d St
ruct
ure.
Li
m
ited
Grap
hics.
St
anda
r
d
Desi
g
n
a
n
d
St
y
l
es f
o
r
pages
.
Use Si
m
p
l
e
Lang
ua
ge.
Re
d
u
c
e H
e
ad
e
r
a
n
d
Foo
t
e
r
ar
ea
s
.
Mo
b
ile Co
m
p
atib
le.
2.
6.
Pi
ck a
Ri
ght
T
ool
The cr
uci
a
l
deci
si
on y
ou'
ve
got
t
o
t
a
ke t
i
m
el
y i
n
t
h
e process o
f
i
n
t
r
an
et
devel
o
pm
ent
i
s
t
o
pi
ck a
righ
t to
o
l
.
W
i
t
h
a wid
e
ran
g
e
o
f
in
tran
et to
ols av
ailab
l
e o
n
th
e
m
a
rk
et, an
d
it is s
i
m
p
le
t
o
p
a
y p
l
en
ty of yo
ur
m
oney
and t
i
m
e
on a t
ool
t
h
at
seem
s
t
o
be i
rrel
e
va
nt
fo
r y
our o
r
gani
zat
i
o
n
.
If i
t
i
s
rel
e
vant
, d
o
es i
t
m
e
et
y
our
requ
irem
en
ts?
Did
n
o
t
d
e
termin
e
yo
u
r
requ
irem
en
ts
yet
?
Th
en
it's o
u
t
o
f
t
h
e qu
estion. So
b
e
fore sel
ectin
g
th
e r
i
g
h
t
t
o
o
l
y
o
u shou
ld ask
yo
ur
selv
es qu
estio
n
s
lik
e:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-87
08
IJEC
E
V
o
l
.
6,
No
. 3,
J
u
ne 2
0
1
6
:
93
6 – 9
4
4
94
2
Wh
at
do
you
actu
ally wan
t
with
yo
ur i
n
tranet
?
What iss
u
es
does your i
n
tra
n
e
t
m
u
st tackle
?
Re
m
e
m
b
er th
at th
ere is no
such
too
l
lik
e p
e
rfect in
tran
et at
all. Th
ere is
just an
i
n
tran
et
wh
ich
fu
lfills
y
o
u
r
or
ga
ni
zat
i
on re
q
u
i
r
em
ent
s
an
d w
h
i
c
h
doe
sn'
t
. B
e
si
des, t
h
i
s
cha
nges
ove
r t
i
m
e
. Si
nce y
our
or
ga
ni
zat
i
o
n
ex
p
a
nd
an
d
reform
, th
e in
tran
et also
n
e
ed to
evo
l
v
e
till it to
tally o
u
t
g
r
o
w
s.
At th
at
p
o
i
n
t
, you
n
e
ed
an
altern
ativ
e. This is th
e in
ev
itab
l
e lifesp
a
n
of an
y t
o
o
l/s
oft
w
are and
in
tran
et is no
ex
emp
tio
n. By u
tilizin
g
t
h
e
adva
nt
age
s
a
n
d
pr
o
p
er
com
pone
nt
s
of
t
h
e
t
ool
,
i
n
t
r
a
n
et
oft
e
n a
d
apt
e
d
t
o
di
ffe
rent
b
u
s
i
n
ess
pr
ocess
e
s l
i
k
e
pr
o
j
ect
m
a
nag
e
m
e
nt
,
m
a
rket
i
n
g
,
col
l
a
b
o
rat
i
on
, an
d dev
e
lopm
ent etc. Th
erefore choosi
ng the ri
ght fe
atures
an
d d
e
v
e
lop
i
n
g
so
l
u
tio
n fo
r certain
activ
ity is v
e
ry im
p
o
r
tant.
Essen
tially, an efficien
t in
t
r
an
et shou
ld
h
a
ve b
r
o
a
d
feat
ure
s
, be sim
p
le, re
liable, scalable
, and attract
y
o
u
r
em
pl
oy
ees. S
o
m
e
of t
h
e
feat
ure
s
y
o
u
s
h
oul
d c
o
n
s
i
d
er
f
o
r
sel
ect
i
ng
a r
i
ght
t
o
ol
fo
r y
o
u
r
o
r
ga
ni
zat
i
o
n
are:
C
ont
e
n
t
M
a
na
gem
e
nt
.
Wo
r
k
flo
w
s
.
Security.
User Perm
issions.
Co
mm
u
n
i
catio
n
& Co
llabo
ratio
n
.
Searc
h
B
u
si
ness
Pr
oce
ss M
a
na
gem
e
nt
.
Rep
o
rtin
g.
Bu
sin
e
ss In
tellig
en
ce.
Wi
k
i
s
.
Forum
s
E-Mail.
Messaging.
Surveys
Discussi
on Boards
.
Versi
oni
ng
.
Pub
lish
i
ng
.
Site Tem
p
lates
.
Alerts.
RSS.
Ad
m
i
n
i
stratio
n.
Mo
b
ility.
WY
SI
WY
G ed
itor.
Ch
oo
sing
an
ap
pro
p
r
i
ate to
o
l
f
o
r
t
h
e in
tr
anet is sam
e
as a
ssessing
an
y oth
e
r
t
o
o
l/sof
twar
e th
at
y
ou
u
s
e in
y
o
ur
o
r
gan
i
zatio
n
;
d
e
term
in
e th
e cen
tral u
s
ag
e
of
th
e to
o
l
, t
h
en
find o
n
e
th
at fu
lfill yo
ur requ
iremen
ts.
Yo
ur
or
ga
ni
za
t
i
on i
n
t
r
a
n
et
can be a
n
ef
fec
t
i
v
e t
ool
f
o
r a
bet
t
e
r pr
o
d
u
c
t
i
v
e and e
ffi
ci
ent
b
u
si
ness
.
So b
e
co
n
c
ern
e
d wit
h
ev
alu
a
ting the features and
u
s
es
of se
v
e
ral in
tran
et
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
en
t too
l
s t
h
at
will escalate you
r
ret
u
r
n
s
o
n
i
nve
stm
e
nt
.
2.
7.
Co
nsisten
t
Up
dat
e
Th
e in
tran
et sho
u
l
d
rem
a
in
u
p
to
d
a
te con
s
isten
tly
and p
r
od
uct
i
v
el
y
.
In ca
se i
n
t
r
anet
ove
rg
ro
ws
a
n
d
lin
k
s
bro
k
e
n
,
t
h
en
it will b
e
ou
t o
f
h
a
n
d
and
h
a
rd
to
m
a
n
a
ge. At th
is po
in
t
,
th
e in
tran
et will g
a
in
m
i
stru
st fro
m
em
pl
oy
ees an
d
sl
owl
y
aba
n
d
one
d.
The
r
ef
o
r
e, t
h
e i
n
t
r
anet
m
u
st
pro
v
i
d
e t
r
ust
e
d i
n
fo
rm
at
i
on t
o
i
t
s
em
pl
oy
ees.
To
m
a
in
tain
em
p
l
o
y
ees tru
s
t
th
e con
t
en
t
shou
ld
b
e
:
Pr
odu
ctiv
e.
Precise.
Co
m
p
lete.
Up to
d
a
te.
Reliab
l
e.
Un
de
rstan
d
abl
e
.
C
onci
s
e.
Fu
lfill User
Need
s.
2.
8.
Periodic Asses
s
ment
I
t
is n
o
t
a
g
ood th
in
g
t
h
at yo
u f
eel yo
u
'
v
e
d
e
v
e
lop
e
d
a
r
i
gh
t
in
tr
an
et so
sit b
ack
and
r
e
lax. Yo
u
n
e
ed
to
assess th
e in
tran
et wh
et
h
e
r it h
a
s an
i
m
p
act o
n
yo
ur busin
ess. Ot
h
e
rwise, all yo
u
r
effort is wo
rt
h
l
ess. So
y
ou s
h
oul
d see
k
a
n
sw
ers
f
o
r:
Does
your intranet pe
rform
well
?
How s
u
ccess
f
ul is your int
r
anet
in satisfying
e
m
ployee nee
d
s
?
How
well you
r in
tran
et supp
orts org
a
n
i
zation
'
s o
b
j
ectiv
es
?
To
g
e
t th
e answers assessm
en
t n
e
ed
t
o
b
e
do
n
e
in
t
h
e
fo
llowing
areas:
Usab
ility.
In
fo
rm
ation Ar
chitecture.
C
ont
e
n
t
.
Desig
n
.
Tools Us
ed.
Searc
h
.
Navi
gat
i
o
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ECE
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
7
0
8
Int
r
anet
Desi
g
n
St
rat
e
gi
es (
D
. R
ohi
t
h
Ro
sh
a
n
)
9
43
Ext
e
nsi
v
el
y
as
sessi
ng
i
n
cl
ude
s:
R
a
t
i
ngs.
Bu
sin
e
ss Requir
e
m
e
n
t
A
n
alysis.
Em
ployee
'
s
Average
Spending
Tim
e
in
th
e i
n
tran
et.
Page Vi
ew
s pe
r
Em
pl
oy
ee.
C
ont
e
n
t
Vi
e
w
s
pe
r Em
pl
oy
ee.
C
ont
e
n
t
C
o
nt
ri
but
i
o
n
pe
r Em
pl
oy
ee.
Em
pl
oy
ee'
s
Sat
i
s
fact
i
on.
M
onito
r Usa
g
e
o
f
Wo
rk
flo
w
s.
Conte
n
t Shares
.
Feedbacks.
Uni
que
l
o
g-i
n
s
pe
r
day
.
Peak tim
es of
use.
Intra
n
et Spee
d.
Mo
b
ile Co
m
p
atib
ility.
Search
Fun
c
tion
a
lity.
D
i
s
c
u
s
s
i
on
Boa
r
d
s
U
s
ag
e.
e
t
c.
Hence
,
eval
uat
i
on p
r
o
v
i
d
es y
ou t
h
e i
n
t
r
a
n
e
t
usag
e i
n
f
o
r
m
at
i
on and as
sess
appropriate feature i
n
o
r
d
e
r to
im
p
r
ov
e in
t
r
an
et
p
a
rticip
atio
n
i
n
th
e org
a
n
i
zatio
n.
2.
9.
Rem
o
te Accessibility
Av
ail rem
o
te a
ccessib
ility o
f
th
e in
tran
et and
co
rresp
ond
ing
reso
urces. In sev
e
ral o
r
g
a
n
i
zatio
n
s
, m
a
n
y
of
its e
m
p
l
o
y
ees
won
'
t work in th
e
o
f
fice. Th
ey
are called m
o
b
ile/field
e
m
p
l
o
y
ees p
l
ayin
g roles as:
Site engi
neers/technicians
.
Sal
e
s Em
pl
oy
ees.
C
ons
ul
t
a
nt
s.
Workers
in
Fa
ctories etc.
They don'
t
have a des
k
top
or
PC. But all
of t
h
em
have m
o
bile devices i
n
c
o
mm
on. Provi
de access
to
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
i
n
form
at
io
n
d
e
sp
it
e lo
catio
n
and
co
nn
ectiv
ity. Th
is will im
p
r
o
v
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
tiv
it
y in
field
em
p
l
o
y
ees.
Yo
u s
h
oul
d
k
eep t
h
i
s
i
n
m
i
nd
w
h
i
l
e
des
i
gni
n
g
y
o
u
r
i
n
t
r
a
n
et
. I
n
fa
ct
, m
a
ny
of t
h
e a
v
ai
l
a
bl
e i
n
t
r
a
n
et
devel
opm
ent
t
ool
s
are
p
r
o
v
i
d
i
ng t
h
i
s
feat
ure
.
3.
CO
NCL
USI
O
N
The i
n
t
r
anet
ha
s gr
o
w
n
ra
pi
dl
y
w
ith
feat
u
r
es lik
e co
llabo
rat
i
v
e
co
mm
u
n
i
catio
n
,
i
n
tegratin
g bu
sin
e
ss
pr
ocesses
et
c.
W
i
t
h
t
h
e
s
e e
x
t
e
nsi
v
e
be
nefi
t
s
, o
r
ga
ni
zat
i
o
ns
cam
e t
o
kn
ow
i
t
s
val
u
e
an
d s
t
art
e
d i
m
pl
em
ent
i
n
g
i
n
a
wi
de
ra
ng
e. I
n
c
o
m
m
uni
cat
i
on a
n
d
i
n
f
o
rm
at
i
on aspe
cts, an in
tran
et
is produ
ctiv
e
in
so
cializatio
n
an
d
finding information.
It is an
info
rm
ation syste
m
that utili
zes internet
technology. The
su
ccess of
int
r
ane
t
relies on use
r
acceptance and also the
external factors includi
ng task inte
rde
p
e
nde
nce, t
a
sk equivocality, and
web expe
rienc
e
affe
ct the
usa
g
e
of an
intra
n
et. The
r
efore, i
n
tra
n
et arc
h
it
ecture s
h
oul
d
be sim
p
le such t
h
at a
n
em
pl
oy
ee can
fi
n
d
t
h
e
ri
g
h
t
i
n
f
o
rm
at
i
on q
u
i
c
kl
y
.
Is
sues
like an
un
stab
le
desig
n
and
i
n
suf
f
i
cien
t
g
r
ou
ndw
or
k
have
af
fect
ed
t
h
e i
n
t
r
a
n
et
ac
cept
a
nce
.
P
o
o
r
l
y
desi
gne
d a
nd m
a
nage
d i
n
t
r
a
n
et
s dam
a
ge t
h
e ci
rcul
at
i
on
of
kn
o
w
l
e
d
g
e, c
r
eat
es
m
i
st
rust
, and
ha
ve a ba
d
cust
om
er rel
a
t
i
ons
hi
p
.
Eve
n
t
h
o
u
gh t
h
ere a
r
e several
s
u
cce
ssful
stories, m
a
ny
users
ha
ve lost
their faith. B
ecause, they
lack better intra
n
et desi
gn whi
c
h helps to improve
or
ga
ni
zat
i
onal
per
f
o
r
m
a
nce.
Mo
st o
f
th
e stu
d
i
es h
a
v
e
fo
cu
sed
o
n
k
nowled
g
e
m
a
n
a
g
e
men
t
, security, q
u
a
lity, u
s
ag
e etc. Bu
t it
is
not
s
u
ffi
ci
ent
f
o
r
t
h
e pres
ent
day
nee
d
s o
f
o
r
ga
ni
zat
i
ons
. Since the i
n
tra
n
ets are
b
eco
m
i
n
g
m
o
re co
llabo
rativ
e,
or
ga
ni
zat
i
ons
s
h
o
u
l
d
desi
g
n
i
n
t
r
a
n
et
s f
o
r
l
o
ng
-t
erm
achi
e
v
e
m
e
nt
s. M
o
st
of t
h
e c
o
m
p
an
i
e
s are i
m
pl
em
ent
i
ng
in
tran
et
withou
t fo
llo
wi
n
g
an
y strateg
y
o
r
we can
say
that they are c
o
nfuse
d
wit
h
n
u
m
e
rous i
n
t
r
a
n
et
t
o
ol
s
available in market. T
h
ere
is no sta
nda
r
d
d
e
si
gn
t
o
f
o
l
l
o
w
f
o
r
de
vel
o
pi
n
g
i
n
t
r
anet
.
D
u
e
t
o
t
h
i
s
or
gani
zat
i
o
n
s
fail in
d
e
sign
ing
a
b
e
tter i
n
tran
et.
In
t
h
is
stud
y, we p
r
esen
t 9
d
e
sign
st
rateg
i
es
fo
r
i
n
tran
et
wh
ich
can
fit
for bo
th
large
and
sm
all
or
ga
ni
zat
i
ons
. In t
h
e ca
se o
f
sm
al
l
organi
za
t
i
ons, a si
ngl
e
pers
o
n
m
a
y
play
di
ffe
rent
r
o
l
e
s, t
h
e i
n
t
r
a
n
e
t
t
ool
may have less feature
s
when
com
p
ar
ed to those of large organizations
a
n
d rem
o
te accessibility
may or
m
a
y
not
be
usef
ul
b
a
si
ng o
n
t
h
e ne
eds.
W
e
e
xpl
ai
ned a
b
o
u
t
t
h
e st
rat
e
gi
es i
n
det
a
i
l
and ho
w t
h
ey
are hel
p
f
u
l
for t
h
e
or
ga
ni
zat
i
on.
We c
oncl
ude
t
h
at
f
o
r
g
r
eat
er
or
ga
ni
zat
i
o
n
bene
fi
t
s
t
h
ese
st
rat
e
gi
es m
u
st
be f
o
l
l
o
we
d
whi
l
e
d
e
sign
ing
in
tran
et. In
th
is p
a
per, ou
r ap
pro
a
ch
was to
pro
pose an
d
sp
ecu
lat
e
d
e
sign
strateg
i
es for th
e in
t
r
an
et.
We di
d n
o
t
e
ndea
v
or t
o
ac
cept
i
t
here a
nd acc
o
r
di
ngl
y
fut
u
re ex
pl
o
r
at
i
on
o
u
g
h
t
t
o
t
e
st
an
d re
fi
ne t
h
es
e
st
rat
e
gi
es e
xpe
ri
m
e
nt
all
y
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BIOGRAP
HI
ES
OF AUTH
ORS
D. Rohith Rosh
an was born in
Andhra Prades
h, India. He receiv
e
d his BC
A degree f
r
om
Achar
y
a Nag
a
rjuna University
in March 2011
,
and his MCA degree fro
m Jawaharlal Nehru
Techno
logical U
n
iversity
, K
a
kin
a
da in June 201
4.
He is currently
pursuing MTech in Computer
Science and En
gineer
ing at K
L University
, G
unt
ur.
His re
se
arc
h
intere
sts include
Softwa
re
Engineering
and
Data Mining
.
This
article is
his first
publication
.
Email: rohithros
h
an.devu@ou
tlo
ok.com
K. Subba Rao r
eceived his M.Tech d
e
gree in
Software
Engin
eering
from Jawaharlal Nehru
Techno
logical University
, Anantapur in
2004
an
d PhD in Softw
a
re
Engineering
from Achar
y
a
Nagarjuna Univ
ersity
in May
2
015. Presently
,
he
is working as Professor in K L University
,
Guntur. His areas of inter
e
st ar
e Software
Eng
i
neering
,
Data
Mining, Cloud
Computing and
Computer Netw
orks. He pub
lish
e
d abou
t 14
ar
tic
les in
the
abov
e
area
.
Emails: subbar
a
o_cse@kluniver
s
ity
.
in
, ksubbar
a
o_22@
y
a
hoo
.co
.
in
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.