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O
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C
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7
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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I
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Vo
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8
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No
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4
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201
8
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5
4
9
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5
6
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u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
B
asic
T
E
G
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ct
io
n
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
1
.
3
.
T
E
G
i
m
p
le
m
e
nta
t
io
ns
a
nd
t
ec
hn
o
lo
g
ies
T
E
Gs
ar
e
g
en
er
all
y
u
s
ed
in
p
o
w
er
p
lan
ts
to
co
n
v
er
t
w
as
te
h
ea
t
in
t
o
ad
d
itio
n
al
elec
tr
ical
p
o
w
er
[
9
]
an
d
also
i
n
a
u
to
m
o
b
ile
s
[
1
0
]
-
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
latest
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
ts
o
f
T
E
Gs
h
a
v
e
al
s
o
allo
w
ed
th
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
d
e
v
ic
e
to
u
tili
ze
h
u
m
a
n
b
o
d
y
h
ea
t
to
p
o
w
er
u
p
s
m
all
d
ev
ices
[
13
]
an
d
h
ea
t
f
r
o
m
h
ea
t
s
in
k
f
o
r
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
a
m
p
li
f
icatio
n
[
1
4
]
,
[1
5
]
.
T
E
G
s
ar
e
also
u
s
ed
in
ta
n
d
e
m
w
i
th
s
o
lar
co
n
ce
n
tr
ato
r
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
s
u
ch
a
s
f
o
ca
l
len
s
e
s
(
e.
g
.
co
n
v
e
x
le
n
s
,
b
i
-
co
n
v
e
x
l
en
s
,
f
r
es
n
el
le
n
s
,
etc.
)
a
n
d
m
i
r
r
o
r
s
to
co
n
ce
n
tr
ate
h
ea
t
f
r
o
m
s
u
n
li
g
h
t
to
t
h
e
h
o
t
en
d
s
id
e
o
f
t
h
e
T
E
Gs.
Sin
ce
T
E
Gs
ca
n
p
r
o
d
u
ce
elec
tr
icit
y
f
r
o
m
s
u
n
li
g
h
t,
th
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
T
E
Gs
w
it
h
s
o
lar
co
n
ce
n
tr
ato
r
ca
n
b
e
ca
teg
o
r
ize
d
as a
r
en
e
w
ab
le
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
te
m
.
R
eg
ar
d
les
s
o
f
th
e
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
's
v
al
u
e
at
th
e
T
E
G'
s
h
o
t
s
id
e,
elec
tr
icit
y
ca
n
o
n
l
y
b
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
if
th
er
e
is
a
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
h
o
t
an
d
co
ld
s
id
es.
T
h
e
co
l
d
s
id
e'
s
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
w
il
l
in
cr
ea
s
e
as
t
h
e
h
o
t
s
id
e
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
s
at
a
g
i
v
e
n
lo
ad
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
t
h
e
co
ld
s
id
e
h
a
s
to
e
x
p
el
o
r
d
is
s
ip
ate
t
h
e
h
ea
t
to
en
s
u
r
e
a
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
b
o
th
s
id
es.
T
h
e
h
e
at
is
u
s
u
all
y
ex
p
elled
o
r
d
is
s
i
p
ated
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
ld
s
id
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
h
ea
t
s
i
n
k
w
h
ic
h
is
later
co
o
led
o
f
f
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
f
a
n
s
,
w
ater
-
co
o
led
r
ad
iato
r
,
ice
o
r
am
b
ie
n
t
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e.
E
x
ce
p
t
f
o
r
a
m
b
ie
n
t
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e,
t
h
ese
co
o
li
n
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
w
ill
ca
u
s
e
th
e
T
E
G
o
p
er
atio
n
to
b
e
les
s
ef
f
icien
t
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
ese
m
eth
o
d
s
r
eq
u
ir
e
ex
ter
n
al
p
o
w
er
to
o
p
er
ate
(
p
a
r
asit
i
c
lo
s
s
)
.
T
h
e
am
b
ien
t
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
is
also
n
o
t
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
i
n
ex
p
elli
n
g
h
ea
t
co
n
s
is
te
n
tl
y
as
p
r
ese
n
ted
in
[
1
6
]
,
w
h
ic
h
w
ill
s
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
t
l
y
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
T
E
G
o
u
tp
u
t p
o
w
er
d
u
e
to
a
lo
w
er
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
.
Si
m
i
lar
to
s
o
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
T
E
Gs
ca
n
b
e
ar
r
an
g
ed
i
n
p
ar
allel
a
n
d
s
er
ies
to
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
o
v
er
all
ter
m
i
n
al
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
m
o
s
t
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
en
t
in
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
aic
s
u
c
h
as
b
o
o
s
t
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
[
1
8
]
an
d
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
p
o
in
t
tr
ac
k
i
n
g
(
MP
P
T
)
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
0
]
ar
e
alr
e
ad
y
ap
p
lied
i
n
T
E
G
f
o
r
o
p
tim
ized
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
1
.
4
.
P
ro
j
ec
t
ini
t
ia
l desig
n a
n
d c
o
ncept
T
h
e
in
itial
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
t
h
i
s
p
r
o
j
ec
t
is
b
ased
o
n
a
s
o
lar
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
ato
r
,
T
E
G
an
d
u
n
d
er
g
r
o
u
n
d
h
ea
t
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
d
esi
g
n
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
elec
tr
icit
y
.
T
h
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
d
esig
n
is
ch
o
s
e
n
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
en
er
g
y
is
b
ased
o
n
a
r
en
e
w
ab
le
e
n
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
th
at
i
s
r
ea
d
il
y
a
v
ailab
le
(
s
u
n
li
g
h
t)
a
n
d
t
h
e
u
n
d
er
g
r
o
u
n
d
r
el
ativ
el
y
co
n
s
tan
t
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
th
at
r
eq
u
ir
e
n
o
ex
ter
n
al
p
o
w
er
f
o
r
c
o
o
lin
g
.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
a
co
n
ce
n
tr
ated
s
u
n
l
ig
h
t,
T
E
G
an
d
u
n
d
er
g
r
o
u
n
d
co
o
lin
g
s
y
s
te
m
is
e
x
p
ec
ted
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
m
o
r
e
elec
tr
ica
l
p
o
w
er
d
u
e
to
th
e
ab
s
e
n
ce
o
f
p
ar
asit
ic
lo
s
s
in
t
h
e
co
o
lin
g
s
y
s
te
m
a
n
d
th
e
h
i
g
h
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
T
E
G
h
o
t a
n
d
co
ld
s
id
es.
Fo
r
th
e
in
i
tial
p
r
o
j
ec
t
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tatio
n
,
t
h
e
T
E
Gs
ar
e
ar
r
a
n
g
ed
i
n
an
ar
r
a
y
a
n
d
m
e
tal
s
h
ee
t
is
la
id
u
p
o
n
t
h
e
h
o
t
s
id
e
(
to
p
s
id
e)
o
f
th
e
T
E
Gs.
T
h
e
co
ld
s
id
e
(
b
o
tt
o
m
s
id
e)
o
f
t
h
e
T
E
Gs
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
h
ea
t
s
in
k
an
d
b
u
r
ied
u
n
d
er
n
ea
t
h
a
d
a
m
p
ed
s
o
il.
Fre
s
n
el
len
s
is
lo
ca
ted
ab
o
v
e
th
e
m
etal
s
h
ee
t
an
d
th
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
i
s
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
th
e
s
ize
a
n
d
t
y
p
e
o
f
f
r
e
s
n
el
len
s
t
h
at
w
ill
b
e
u
s
ed
.
A
n
ex
a
m
p
le
o
f
a
T
E
G,
m
e
tal
s
h
ee
t,
h
ea
t
s
i
n
k
an
d
f
o
ca
l le
n
s
(
f
r
es
n
el
le
n
s
)
ar
r
an
g
e
m
e
n
t is s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
I
n
itia
l D
ev
elo
p
men
t o
f
a
n
E
lec
tr
ica
l P
o
w
er Ge
n
era
to
r
…
(
S
ye
d
Za
in
a
l A
b
i
d
in
S
ye
d
K
a
ma
r
u
l B
a
h
r
in
)
2551
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
I
n
itial d
esi
g
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
o
lar
-
to
-
elec
tr
ical
p
o
w
er
g
e
n
er
ato
r
W
ith
an
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
d
is
tan
ce
,
th
e
f
o
ca
l
p
o
in
t
o
f
t
h
e
le
n
s
w
i
ll
ca
u
s
e
t
h
e
h
ea
t
f
r
o
m
s
u
n
li
g
h
t
t
o
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
eta
l
s
h
ee
t
an
d
also
t
h
e
to
p
s
id
e
o
f
t
h
e
T
E
Gs.
T
h
e
len
s
w
ill
also
c
au
s
e
t
h
e
m
e
tal
s
h
ee
t
to
b
e
h
ea
ted
all
th
e
ti
m
e
r
eg
ar
d
less
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
n
's
p
o
s
itio
n
.
Sin
ce
th
e
b
o
tto
m
s
id
e
o
f
t
h
e
T
E
Gs
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
h
ea
t
s
i
n
k
an
d
d
a
m
p
ed
s
o
il,
th
e
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
is
ex
p
e
cted
to
b
e
lo
w
er
o
r
co
o
ler
.
T
h
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
in
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
th
e
to
p
an
d
b
o
tto
m
s
id
e
w
ill
g
e
n
er
ate
v
o
lta
g
e
an
d
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
if
a
lo
ad
i
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
ter
m
i
n
als
o
f
th
e
T
E
Gs
ar
r
a
y
.
T
h
e
lar
g
er
is
th
e
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
,
th
e
m
o
r
e
p
o
w
er
t
h
e
T
E
Gs
ar
r
ay
ca
n
p
r
o
d
u
ce
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Sche
m
a
t
ic
dia
g
ra
m
T
h
e
s
ch
e
m
atic
d
ia
g
r
a
m
o
f
t
h
e
T
E
Gs
ar
r
ay
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
eig
h
t
T
E
Gs
co
n
n
ec
ted
i
n
p
ar
allel
to
th
e
r
esi
s
ti
v
e
lo
ad
with
ea
c
h
T
E
G
p
o
s
itiv
e
ter
m
i
n
a
l c
o
n
n
ec
t
s
to
a
d
io
d
e.
T
h
e
p
ar
a
llel c
o
n
n
ec
tio
n
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
r
esi
s
ta
n
ce
t
o
p
r
o
d
u
ce
m
o
r
e
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
t
h
e
d
io
d
e
ca
n
p
r
ev
en
t
cu
r
r
en
t
b
ac
k
f
lo
w
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
g
en
er
ated
b
y
ea
c
h
o
f
t
h
e
T
E
G
is
n
o
t th
e
s
a
m
e
d
u
e
to
n
o
n
-
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
h
ea
t d
is
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
o
f
th
e
m
etal
s
h
ee
t.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Sch
e
m
atic
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
th
e
T
E
Gs ar
r
ay
.
T
h
e
T
E
Gs ar
e
p
lace
d
in
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
alu
m
i
n
iu
m
s
h
ee
t a
n
d
h
ea
t si
n
k
2
.
2
.
I
nitia
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
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8
8
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I
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&
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8
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ated
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Fi
g
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u
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r
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u
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r
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n
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u
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em
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3
.
2
.
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Gr
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A
p
p
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ca
tio
n
2016
(
UNI
I
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.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
R.
Ra
g
a
in
i
a
n
d
A
.
Zi
c
h
ich
i,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
e
m
in
a
r
o
n
Nu
c
lea
r
W
a
r
a
n
d
P
lan
e
tary
E
m
e
rg
e
n
c
ies
,
3
4
th
se
ss
io
n
.
Ne
w
Je
rse
y
:
W
o
rld
S
c
ien
ti
f
ic,
2
0
0
6
.
[2
]
B.
S
ø
re
n
se
n
,
Re
n
e
w
a
b
le en
e
rg
y
.
Bu
rli
n
g
to
n
,
M
A
:
A
c
a
d
e
m
ic P
re
ss
,
2
0
1
1
.
[3
]
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
E
n
e
rg
y
Ag
e
n
c
y
,
"
S
tatisti
c
s o
n
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
"
,
2
0
1
5
.
[4
]
M
.
M
o
g
h
a
d
d
a
s,
A
n
e
x
p
e
ri
m
e
n
tal
a
n
d
t
h
e
o
re
ti
c
a
l
a
n
a
ly
sis o
f
a
th
e
rm
o
e
le
c
tri
c
g
e
n
e
ra
to
r.
1
9
8
6
.
[5
]
A
d
ro
ja,
M
r
Nik
u
n
j;
B.
M
e
h
ta,
P
ro
f
S
h
ru
ti
;
S
h
a
h
,
M
r
P
ra
ti
k
,
"
Re
v
ie
w
o
f
th
e
r
m
o
e
lec
tri
c
it
y
to
im
p
ro
v
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
q
u
a
li
ty
"
,
2
0
1
5
.
[6
]
G
iz
m
a
g
.
c
o
m
,
'
W
o
rld
’s
m
o
st
e
ff
icie
n
t
th
e
r
m
o
e
lec
tri
c
m
a
t
e
rial
d
e
v
e
lo
p
e
d
'
,
2
0
1
5
.
[
O
n
li
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
:
//
ww
w
.
g
iz
m
a
g
.
c
o
m
/
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o
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-
e
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n
t
-
th
e
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-
m
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teri
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l/
2
4
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/.
[
A
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d
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De
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2
0
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5
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.
[7
]
A
.
A
n
g
e
li
n
e
A
,
J.
J
a
n
d
L
.
G
o
d
s
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sirv
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th
a
m
,
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P
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A
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sis
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(Bi2
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e
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T
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b
rid
T
h
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m
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tri
c
G
e
n
e
r
a
to
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,
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
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o
f
P
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we
r E
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tro
n
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a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
(
IJ
PE
DS
)
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
.
9
1
7
,
2
0
1
7
.
[8
]
S
e
e
b
e
c
k
,
T
.
J.
,
T
h
e
r
m
o
e
lec
tri
c
g
e
n
e
ra
to
r.
1
8
2
5
.
[9
]
S
tec
a
n
e
ll
a
,
P
.
A
.
J.;
F
a
ria,
M
.
A
.
A
.
;
Do
m
in
g
u
e
s,
E.
G
.
;
G
o
m
e
s,
P
.
H.G
.
;
Ca
li
x
to
,
W
.
P
.
;
A
lv
e
s,
A
.
J.,
"
El
e
tri
c
it
y
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
u
sin
g
th
e
rm
o
e
lec
tri
c
g
e
n
e
ra
to
r
-
T
E
G
,
"
in
En
v
iro
n
me
n
t
a
n
d
E
lec
trica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
EE
E
IC),
2
0
1
5
IEE
E
1
5
t
h
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
,
p
p
.
2
1
0
4
-
2
1
0
8
,
1
0
-
1
3
Ju
n
e
2
0
1
5
.
[1
0
]
Oe
tri
n
g
e
r,
K.;
Ko
b
e
r,
M
.
;
A
lt
st
e
d
d
e
,
M
.
K.,
"
Up
g
ra
d
i
n
g
h
y
b
rid
-
v
e
h
icle
s
w
it
h
a
T
h
e
r
m
o
e
lec
tri
c
G
e
n
e
r
a
to
r
,
"
in
Eco
lo
g
ica
l
Veh
icle
s
a
n
d
Ren
e
wa
b
le
En
e
rg
ies
(
EV
ER
),
2
0
1
4
Nin
th
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
,
pp.
1
-
5
,
25
-
2
7
M
a
rc
h
2
0
1
4
.
[1
1
]
D.
Ba
e
k
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
Re
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
b
le t
h
e
r
m
o
e
lec
tri
c
g
e
n
e
ra
to
rs
f
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In
ter
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sig
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(
IS
L
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a
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T
a
iw
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n
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2
0
1
7
,
p
p
.
1
-
6.
[1
2
]
N.
Ba
a
tar
a
n
d
S
.
Kim
,
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A
T
h
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tern
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KOM
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(
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3
]
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a
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o
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Ch
u
a
n
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a
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,
H.;
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ro
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p
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7
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rs
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0
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5
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p
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0
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-
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8
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p
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9
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o
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In
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o
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e
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4
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5
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7
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u
n
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0
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T
rip
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.
Ş
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r
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4
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ter
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1
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rm
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.
[
Ottaw
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Na
ti
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,
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2
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S
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k
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sig
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In
d
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Co
m
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l.
2
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o
.
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.