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10
,
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.
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,
Feb
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2020
,
p
p
.
377
~
386
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SS
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2088
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8708
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
0
:
377
-
386
378
2.
ST
A
T
E
O
F
T
H
E
ART
E
n
ter
p
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[
6
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.
T
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b
y
r
el
atin
g
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
to
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
r
ele
m
en
t
s
,
t
h
eir
r
el
atio
n
s
h
ip
,
an
d
to
t
h
eir
v
ar
iatio
n
/
v
ar
iet
y
,
a
n
d
h
eter
o
g
e
n
eit
y
[
8
-
1
1
]
ad
d
s
th
at
th
e
to
tal
co
m
p
lex
it
y
o
f
a
n
E
A
m
u
s
t
t
ak
e
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
co
m
p
lex
it
y
w
it
h
i
n
ea
ch
d
o
m
ai
n
,
as
w
ell
a
s
th
e
co
m
p
lex
it
y
o
f
th
e
i
n
ter
r
elatio
n
s
b
et
w
ee
n
d
o
m
ain
s
[
1
2
]
:
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Dav
i
s
an
d
L
eB
lan
c
[
1
3
]
th
e
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
o
f
ap
p
licatio
n
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
is
―n
u
m
b
er
o
f
its
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
r
elem
e
n
t
s
,
k
in
d
o
r
t
y
p
e
o
f
e
le
m
e
n
ts
a
n
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
r
elat
io
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
el
e
m
en
ts
‖.
O
n
t
h
e
i
n
f
r
as
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
lev
el
d
ef
in
ed
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
as
―
T
h
e
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
ca
n
b
e
d
ef
i
n
ed
h
er
e
as
th
e
d
r
a
m
a
tic
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
in
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
an
d
h
eter
o
g
e
n
eit
y
o
f
i
n
cl
u
d
ed
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
r
elatio
n
s
,
an
d
t
h
e
ir
d
y
n
a
m
ic
a
n
d
u
n
ex
p
ec
ted
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
i
n
I
T
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
‖
[
14
]
,
an
o
th
er
d
ef
in
i
tio
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
[
15
]
co
v
er
s
all
asp
ec
ts
o
f
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
―
T
h
e
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
ca
n
b
e
d
ef
in
ed
o
n
th
e
b
asis
o
f
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
a
n
d
v
ar
iet
y
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
a
n
d
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
p
lu
s
th
e
r
ate
o
f
ch
a
n
g
e
o
f
th
ese‖.
Fro
m
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
d
ef
i
n
itio
n
s
cited
w
e
ca
n
n
o
tic
e
th
at
th
e
co
m
p
lex
it
y
is
a
f
u
zz
y
ter
m
,
b
ec
a
u
s
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
ta
k
eh
o
ld
er
s
h
a
v
e
g
en
er
all
y
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
v
ie
w
s
an
d
co
n
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
ter
m
.
Fro
m
th
e
s
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
d
e
f
i
n
itio
n
s
w
e
w
il
l
clar
if
y
th
e
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
o
f
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
a
n
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
g
lo
b
al
d
e
f
in
itio
n
:
―
T
h
e
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
o
f
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
is
th
e
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
its
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
an
d
q
u
an
tific
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
s
a
n
d
h
eter
o
g
e
n
eit
y
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
an
d
r
elatio
n
s
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
m
o
v
er
th
e
ti
m
e‖
[
1
6
]
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
w
e
w
ill
d
i
s
cu
s
s
th
e
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
o
f
en
ter
p
r
is
e
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
h
eter
o
g
en
ei
t
y
(
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
an
d
r
elatio
n
s
)
an
d
also
th
e
r
ate
an
d
i
m
p
ac
t o
f
c
h
an
g
e
o
f
h
eter
o
g
e
n
eit
y
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
.
Du
r
in
g
th
e
an
a
l
y
s
is
o
f
th
e
id
en
ti
f
ied
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
w
ic
h
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
en
ter
p
r
is
e
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
ev
alu
a
tio
n
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
o
n
l
y
f
e
w
m
e
th
o
d
s
w
er
e
p
r
esen
ted
to
q
u
an
ti
f
y
c
o
m
p
le
x
it
y
an
d
t
h
e
ex
i
s
ti
n
g
m
eth
o
d
s
m
er
el
y
co
v
er
p
ar
ts
o
f
an
E
A
,
n
o
t
th
e
E
A
a
s
a
w
h
o
le.
Of
te
n
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
is
s
o
s
p
ec
if
ic
t
h
at
i
t
is
n
o
t
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
tr
an
s
f
er
th
e
m
eth
o
d
to
o
th
er
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
an
E
A
.
I
n
th
e
p
ap
er
[
17
]
it
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
th
e
m
etr
ic
s
f
o
r
E
As
an
d
ap
p
licatio
n
lan
d
s
ca
p
es
ar
e
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
as
d
ec
is
io
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
b
ased
o
n
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
al
d
ep
en
d
en
cie
s
.
T
h
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
em
p
h
asize
s
o
n
o
p
er
atio
n
al
r
is
k
,
f
ail
u
r
e
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
a
n
d
av
ailab
ilit
y
,
b
ase
d
o
n
a
p
r
ac
titi
o
n
er
s
u
r
v
e
y
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
ex
p
licate
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
d
ep
en
d
en
cie
s
an
al
y
ze
d
i
n
th
e
p
ap
er
,
an
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
m
o
d
el
w
i
t
h
d
er
iv
ed
attr
ib
u
tes
i
s
u
s
ed
,
alo
n
g
w
it
h
B
a
y
es
ian
ca
lcu
lat
io
n
f
o
r
m
ali
s
m
.
A
n
E
A
le
v
el
ap
p
licatio
n
e
x
a
m
p
le
i
s
also
g
iv
e
n
i
n
th
e
p
ap
er
[
17
]
w
ith
v
is
u
al
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
e
x
p
o
s
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
f
ail
u
r
e
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
to
co
m
p
ar
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
p
r
o
j
ec
t
p
r
o
p
o
s
als
f
o
r
th
e
ev
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
lan
d
s
ca
p
e.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
p
r
o
j
ec
t
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
.
L
ag
er
s
tr
ö
m
et
al.
[
18
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
u
s
e
an
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
p
er
v
asiv
e
i
n
th
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
ar
c
h
itect
u
r
e
d
is
c
ip
lin
e
—
Desi
g
n
Str
u
ct
u
r
e
Ma
tr
ix
—
to
v
is
u
alize
th
e
h
id
d
en
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
an
AL
an
d
th
er
eb
y
id
e
n
ti
f
y
s
p
o
ts
o
f
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
co
m
p
lex
it
y
.
Sch
u
etz
et
al.
[
19
]
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
a
m
etr
ic
to
q
u
a
n
ti
f
y
th
e
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
al
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
o
f
an
I
T
lan
d
s
ca
p
e,
w
h
ic
h
is
also
ap
p
licab
le
to
ap
p
licatio
n
lan
d
s
ca
p
e.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
o
f
Sch
u
t
z
[
19
]
r
ev
o
lv
es
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
izatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
o
f
E
A
b
y
ad
o
p
tin
g
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
to
th
e
co
n
te
x
t
o
f
E
A
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
p
r
esen
ted
a
h
o
lis
tic
c
o
n
ce
p
tu
aliza
tio
n
o
f
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
b
u
t
d
o
n
’
t
ap
p
l
y
i
t
in
t
h
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
la
y
er
s
o
f
E
A
.
Af
ter
d
ef
i
n
e
a
n
d
clar
if
y
th
e
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
w
e
p
r
esen
t o
u
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
to
m
o
d
elis
e
a
n
d
ev
a
lu
ate
E
A
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
.
3.
O
UR
P
RO
P
O
SAL
P
AT
T
E
R
NS
F
O
R
M
O
DE
L
L
I
N
G
T
h
is
et
al
io
n
p
r
ese
n
ts
t
h
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
atter
n
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
t
h
e
e
n
ter
p
r
is
e
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e.
W
e
d
ef
in
e
f
ir
s
tl
y
t
h
e
p
atter
n
s
to
an
al
y
ze
a
n
d
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ti
n
g
en
ter
p
r
is
e
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
h
eter
o
g
en
ei
t
y
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
an
d
s
ec
o
n
d
l
y
w
e
d
etail
o
u
r
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
t
o
m
o
d
elize
th
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
th
e
ch
a
n
g
i
n
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
.
3
.
1
.
Def
ini
t
io
n a
nd
co
ncept
ua
l f
o
un
da
t
io
n
Hete
r
o
g
en
eit
y
is
d
e
f
i
n
ed
as
t
h
e
d
iv
er
s
it
y
o
f
ele
m
en
ts
o
r
r
e
latio
n
s
h
ip
s
o
f
a
s
y
s
te
m
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
it
s
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
[
20
]
.
Mo
r
e
p
r
ec
is
el
y
,
i
n
co
m
p
u
ter
s
cien
ce
,
th
e
h
eter
o
g
e
n
eit
y
o
f
a
co
m
p
u
ter
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
is
a
s
tatis
t
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ty
t
h
at
p
r
es
en
ts
t
h
e
d
i
v
er
s
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
t
y
p
es
o
f
ele
m
e
n
t
s
t
h
at
co
m
p
o
s
e
it
[
17
,
21
]
tak
in
g
as
a
n
ex
a
m
p
le
t
h
e
h
eter
o
g
e
n
eit
y
o
f
d
atab
ase
m
an
a
g
e
m
en
t
s
y
s
te
m
s
(
DB
MS)
.
T
h
is
h
eter
o
g
e
n
eit
y
ca
n
b
e
u
n
d
er
s
to
o
d
as a
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
[
2
2
, 2
3
]
an
d
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
in
g
r
ap
h
ical
f
o
r
m
as s
h
o
w
n
in
t
h
e
F
ig
u
r
e
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
A
n
a
lysi
s
a
n
d
imp
leme
n
ta
tio
n
o
f th
e
imp
a
ct
o
f c
h
a
n
g
e:
a
p
p
li
ca
tio
n
to
h
etero
g
en
eity
.
.
.
(
Jih
a
n
e
La
kro
u
it)
379
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
i
n
s
ta
n
ce
s
p
er
DB
MS
I
n
t
h
e
l
iter
atu
r
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
w
i
d
ely
u
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
h
e
ter
o
g
en
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3
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3
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I
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I
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2088
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A
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381
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I
n
t J
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lec
&
C
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m
p
E
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g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
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n
a
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Jih
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383
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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8708
I
n
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E
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&
C
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p
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g
,
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l.
10
,
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1
,
Feb
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y
2
0
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384
T
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in
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ter
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w
it
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g
d
ata.
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eli
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s
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o
w
n
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co
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p
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d
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s
h
ip
s
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I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
A
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a
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h
etero
g
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.
.
(
Jih
a
n
e
La
kro
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385
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ch
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ev
alu
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a
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d
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p
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th
e
E
A
m
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e
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p
le
x
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m
ea
s
u
r
es.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
M.
Ha
ll
a
n
d
T
id
e
m
a
n
,
―
M
e
a
su
re
s
o
f
Co
n
c
e
n
trati
o
n
,‖
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
A
me
ric
a
n
S
t
a
ti
stica
l
S
o
c
iety
,
v
o
l.
6
2
,
p
p
.
1
6
2
-
1
6
8
,
1
9
6
7
[2
]
T
.
I
y
a
m
u
,
―
Un
d
e
rsta
n
d
in
g
th
e
c
o
m
p
lex
it
ies
o
f
e
n
terp
rise
a
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
th
ro
u
g
h
str
u
c
tu
ra
ti
o
n
th
e
o
r
y
,‖
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Co
mp
u
ter
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
5
9
,
p
p
.
2
8
7
-
2
9
5
,
2
0
1
9
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
0
:
377
-
386
386
[3
]
Ro
u
h
a
n
i,
B.
D.,
A
h
m
a
d
,
R.
B.
,
Nik
p
a
y
,
F
.
,
&
M
o
h
a
m
a
d
d
o
u
st
,
R.
(2
0
1
9
)
.
CRIT
IC
AL
S
UCC
ES
S
F
A
CTOR
M
OD
EL
F
OR
EN
T
ERP
RIS
E
A
RCHIT
EC
T
URE
IM
P
L
EM
ENT
AT
ION
.
M
a
la
y
sia
n
Jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
C
o
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
,
3
2
(
2
),
1
3
3
-
1
4
8
.
[4
]
C.
L
u
c
k
e
,
S
.
Kre
ll
,
a
n
d
U.
L
e
c
h
n
e
r,
―
Crit
ica
l
issu
e
s
in
e
n
terp
rise
a
rc
h
it
e
c
ti
n
g
:
A
li
tera
tu
re
re
v
ie
w,‖
In
Am
e
rica
s
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
s,
L
i
m
a
,
2
0
1
0
.
[5
]
C.
B.
Da
n
iels,
a
n
d
W
.
J.
LaMars
h
II,
―
Co
m
p
lex
it
y
a
s
a
c
a
u
s
e
o
f
fa
il
u
re
in
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
p
ro
jec
t
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
‖
In
IEE
E
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
S
y
ste
m
o
f
S
y
st
e
m
s E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
1
–
7
,
S
a
n
A
n
to
n
io
,
T
X
,
2
0
0
7
.
[6
]
K.
W
e
h
li
n
g
,
D.
W
il
le,
C
.
S
e
i
d
l,
a
n
d
I.
S
c
h
a
e
f
e
r,
―
De
c
isio
n
su
p
p
o
rt
f
o
r
re
d
u
c
i
n
g
u
n
n
e
c
e
ss
a
r
y
I
T
c
o
m
p
lex
it
y
o
f
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
a
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
s,‖
I
n
2
0
1
7
IEE
E
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
S
o
f
tw
a
r
e
A
r
c
h
it
e
c
tu
re
W
o
rk
s
h
o
p
s
,
1
6
1
–
1
6
8
,
2
0
1
7
.
[7
]
C.
S
c
h
m
id
t,
―
Bu
sin
e
ss
a
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
r
e
q
u
a
n
ti
f
ied
:
Ho
w
to
m
e
a
su
re
s b
u
sin
e
ss
c
o
m
p
lex
it
y
,
‖
In
D.
S
im
o
n
a
n
d
C.
S
c
h
m
id
t
(Ed
s.),
B
u
sin
e
ss
A
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t.
S
p
rin
g
e
r,
2
4
3
–
2
6
8
,
2
0
1
5
.
[8
]
J.
S
.
Da
v
is,
a
n
d
R.
J.
L
e
Blan
c
,
―
A
stu
d
y
o
f
th
e
a
p
p
li
c
a
b
il
it
y
o
f
c
o
m
p
lex
it
y
m
e
a
su
re
s,‖IEEE
Tran
sa
c
-
ti
o
n
o
n
S
o
f
tw
a
r
e
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
1
4
(
9
),
1
3
6
6
–
1
3
7
2
,
1
9
8
8
.
[9
]
R.
L
.
F
lo
o
d
,
a
n
d
E.
R.
Ca
rso
n
,
―
De
a
li
n
g
w
it
h
c
o
m
p
lex
it
y
:
A
n
in
tro
d
u
c
ti
o
n
to
t
h
e
th
e
o
ry
a
n
d
a
p
p
li
c
a
-
ti
o
n
o
f
s
y
ste
m
s
sc
ien
c
e
,
‖
In
De
a
li
n
g
w
it
h
Co
m
p
lex
it
y
:
A
n
In
tro
d
u
c
ti
o
n
t
o
t
h
e
T
h
e
o
ry
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
S
y
st
e
m
S
c
ien
c
e
,
23
–
3
8
,
S
p
rin
g
e
r,
1
9
9
3
.
[1
0
]
W
.
Kin
sn
e
r,
W
.
,
―
Co
m
p
lex
it
y
a
n
d
it
s
m
e
a
su
re
s
in
c
o
g
n
it
iv
e
a
n
d
o
t
h
e
r
c
o
m
p
lex
s
y
ste
m
s,‖
In
7
th
IEE
E
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
Co
g
n
i
ti
v
e
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
c
s,
1
3
–
2
9
,
S
tan
f
o
rd
,
2
0
0
8
[1
1
]
A
.
S
c
h
ü
tz,
T
.
W
id
jaja
,
a
n
d
J.
Ka
i
se
r,
―
Co
m
p
lex
it
y
in
e
n
terp
rise
a
r
c
h
it
e
c
tu
re
s
–
Co
n
c
e
p
tu
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
in
tr
o
d
u
c
ti
o
n
o
f
a
m
e
a
su
re
f
ro
m
a
s
y
st
e
m
th
e
o
re
ti
c
p
e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
e
‖
In
P
ro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
th
e
2
1
st
Eu
r
o
p
e
a
n
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
I
n
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
y
st
e
m
s,
Utre
c
h
t,
Ne
th
e
rlan
d
s,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
2
]
I
ac
o
b
,
M.
E
.
,
Mo
n
teb
an
,
J
.
,
v
an
Si
n
d
er
en
,
M.
,
He
g
e
m
a
n
,
E
.
,
&
B
itar
af
,
K.
(
2
0
1
8
)
.
Mea
s
u
r
in
g
E
n
terp
r
is
e
A
r
ch
itectu
r
e
C
o
mp
lexity.
2
0
1
8
I
E
E
E
2
2
n
d
I
n
tern
a
tio
n
a
l
E
n
terp
r
is
e
Dis
t
r
ib
u
ted
Ob
j
ec
t
C
o
mp
u
tin
g
W
o
r
ksh
o
p
(
E
DOC
W)
.
d
o
i:1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/e
d
o
cw
.
2
0
1
8
.
0
0
0
2
6
.
[1
3
]
J.
S
.
Da
v
is
a
n
d
R.
J.
L
e
Blan
c
,
―
A
S
tu
d
y
o
f
th
e
A
p
p
li
c
a
b
il
it
y
o
f
Co
m
p
lex
it
y
M
e
a
su
re
s
,‖
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
S
o
ft
w
a
re
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l
.
1
4
,
p
p
.
1
3
6
6
.
[1
4
]
Y.
Y.
Yu
su
f
a
n
d
E.
O
.
A
d
e
le
y
e
,
―
A
c
o
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
stu
d
y
o
f
l
e
a
n
a
n
d
a
g
il
e
m
a
n
u
f
a
c
tu
rin
g
w
it
h
re
late
d
su
rv
e
y
o
f
c
u
rre
n
t
p
ra
c
ti
c
e
s in
th
e
UK
,
‖
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Pro
d
u
c
ti
o
n
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
4
0
,
p
p
.
4
5
4
5
-
4
5
6
2
,
2
0
0
2
.
[1
5
]
S
.
L
.
S
c
h
n
e
b
e
rg
e
r
a
n
d
E.
R
.
M
c
L
e
a
n
,
―
T
h
e
Co
m
p
lex
it
y
Cro
ss
:
Im
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
f
o
r
P
ra
c
ti
c
e
,
‖
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
o
f
th
e
A
CM
,
v
o
l.
4
6
,
p
p
.
2
1
6
-
2
2
5
,
2
0
0
3
.
[1
6
]
J.
L
a
k
h
ro
u
it
a
n
d
K.
Ba
ïn
a
,
―
A
p
a
tt
e
rn
b
a
se
d
m
e
th
o
d
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
a
n
a
ly
z
in
g
e
n
terp
rise
a
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
lan
d
sc
a
p
e
,
‖
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter S
c
ien
c
e
Iss
u
e
s (IJCSI
),
v
o
l.
1
3
,
p
p
.
1
5
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
7
]
W
id
jaja
T
.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
―
He
tero
g
e
n
e
it
y
in
I
T
lan
d
sc
a
p
e
s
a
n
d
m
o
n
o
p
o
ly
p
o
w
e
r
o
f
f
ir
m
s:
a
m
o
d
e
l
to
q
u
a
n
t
ify
h
e
tero
g
e
n
e
it
y
,
‖
T
h
e
in
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s (IC
IS
),
Orla
n
d
o
,
F
L
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
8
]
L
a
g
e
rstro
m
R.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
―
V
is
u
a
li
z
in
g
a
n
d
m
e
a
su
rin
g
e
n
terp
rise
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
a
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
:
a
n
e
x
p
lo
ra
t
o
ry
tele
c
o
m
c
a
s
e
,
‖
S
c
h
o
o
l
w
o
rk
in
g
p
a
p
e
r
1
3
-
1
0
3
.
Ha
rv
a
rd
Bu
sin
e
ss
,
Ca
m
b
rid
g
e
,
M
A
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
9
]
S
c
h
u
tz,
e
t
a
l.
,
―
Co
m
p
lex
it
y
in
e
n
terp
rise
a
rc
h
i
tec
tu
re
s
—
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
in
tro
d
u
c
ti
o
n
o
f
a
m
e
a
su
re
f
ro
m
a
s
y
ste
m
th
e
o
re
ti
c
p
e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
e
,
‖
T
h
e
Eu
ro
p
e
a
n
c
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s
(ECIS
),
Utre
c
h
t,
T
h
e
Ne
th
e
rlan
d
s,
2
0
1
3
.
[2
0
]
J.
S
.
Da
v
is
a
n
d
R.
J.
L
e
Blan
c
,
―
A
S
tu
d
y
o
f
th
e
A
p
p
li
c
a
b
il
it
y
o
f
Co
m
p
lex
it
y
M
e
a
su
re
s,‖
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
S
o
f
tw
a
r
e
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
1
4
,
p
p
.
1
3
6
6
-
1
3
7
2
,
1
9
8
8
.
[2
1
]
C.
B.
G
a
rriso
n
a
n
d
A
.
S
.
P
a
u
lso
n
,
―
A
n
En
tro
p
y
M
e
a
su
re
o
f
th
e
G
e
o
g
ra
p
h
ic
Co
n
c
e
n
tratio
n
o
f
Eco
n
o
m
ic
A
c
ti
v
it
y
,
‖
Eco
n
o
m
ic G
e
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
,
v
o
l.
4
9
,
p
p
.
3
1
9
-
3
2
4
,
1
9
7
3
.
[2
2
]
J.
E.
Kw
o
k
a
J
r,
―
T
h
e
He
r
f
in
d
a
h
l
I
n
d
e
x
in
T
h
e
o
ry
a
n
d
P
ra
c
ti
c
e
,
‖
A
n
ti
tru
st B
u
ll
.
,
v
o
l.
3
0
,
p
p
.
9
1
5
-
9
4
7
,
1
9
8
5
.
[2
3
]
F
.
M
.
G
o
ll
o
p
a
n
d
J.
L
.
M
o
n
a
h
a
n
,
―
A
Ge
n
e
ra
li
z
e
d
In
d
e
x
o
f
D
iv
e
rsi
f
ica
ti
o
n
:
T
re
n
d
s
in
U.S
.
M
a
n
u
f
a
c
to
rin
g
,‖
T
h
e
Rev
iew o
f
Eco
n
o
mic
s a
n
d
S
ta
ti
stics
,
v
o
l.
73,
p
p
.
3
1
8
-
3
3
0
,
1
9
9
1
.
[2
4
]
A
.
P
.
Ja
c
q
u
e
m
in
a
n
d
C.
H.
Be
rr
y
,
―
En
tro
p
y
M
e
a
su
re
o
f
Div
e
rsi
fica
ti
o
n
a
n
d
C
o
rp
o
ra
te
G
ro
w
th
,
‖
T
h
e
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
In
d
u
stria
l
Eco
n
o
mic
s
,
v
o
l.
2
7
,
p
p
.
3
5
9
-
3
6
9
,
1
9
7
9
.
[2
5
]
J.
L
a
k
h
ro
u
it
a
n
d
K.
Ba
ïn
a
,
―
A
p
a
tt
e
rn
b
a
se
d
m
e
th
o
d
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
a
n
a
ly
z
in
g
e
n
terp
rise
a
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
lan
d
sc
a
p
e
,‖
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
C
o
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
Iss
u
e
s (
IJ
CS
I)
,
v
o
l.
1
3
,
pp.
15
,
2
0
1
6
.
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