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iv
a
ld
i
a
n
te
n
n
a
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
r
e
g
u
la
r
s
lits
e
d
g
e
a
n
d
lo
a
d
e
d
le
n
s
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
wa
s
p
r
es
e
n
t
ed
i
n
[4
].
P
a
l
m
T
re
e
-
E
x
pon
e
n
t
i
a
l
S
l
i
t
s
E
dg
e
A
n
t
i
poda
l
V
i
v
a
l
di
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
w
a
s
de
v
e
l
ope
d f
or
m
a
i
n
l
obe
g
a
i
n
i
m
pr
ov
e
m
e
n
t
[
5]
.
T
h
e
s
t
e
ppe
d
s
lits
li
n
e
a
n
d
p
a
tc
h
,
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
a
w
id
e
r
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
,
h
a
s
b
een
i
n
t
r
odu
c
e
d by
[
6]
.
T
he
une
q
ua
l
ha
l
f
-
c
ir
c
u
la
r
s
li
ts
i
n
l
i
n
ear
l
y
t
ap
er
ed
s
l
i
t
s
a
n
t
e
n
n
a,
i
n
cr
eas
i
n
g
t
h
e g
ai
n
,
w
as
i
n
t
r
o
d
u
ced
b
y
[
7
]
[
8
]
.
T
h
i
s
p
ap
er
i
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
at
es
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
o
f
a
h
al
f
t
r
i
an
g
u
l
ar
co
m
b
-
s
h
ap
ed
s
l
i
t
s
ed
g
e
A
V
A
(
C
o
m
b
-
AV
A
)
an
d
co
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
l
A
V
A
(
A
V
A
)
.
A
n
t
en
n
a p
ar
a
m
et
er
s
ar
e i
n
cl
u
d
i
n
g
V
S
W
R,
R
e
t
ur
n l
o
s
s
(
S
11
)
,
ga
i
n,
a
nd
r
a
d
ia
tio
n
p
a
tte
r
n
o
f
d
ua
l
b
a
nd
28/
38 G
H
z
U
W
B
5G
f
r
e
qu
e
nc
i
e
s
w
i
l
l
be
d
i
s
c
u
s
s
ed
.
T
h
e i
m
p
ed
an
ce b
an
d
w
i
d
t
h
of
pr
opos
e
d
C
om
b
-
A
V
A
as
d
ef
i
n
ed
b
y
|
1
1
|
≤
−
1
0
d
B
co
u
l
d
b
e
r
each
ed
i
n
r
an
g
e 2
0
-
40 G
H
z
.
T
h
i
s
pa
pe
r
i
s
a
r
r
a
n
g
e
d
a
s
S
e
c
tio
n
I
is
in
tr
o
d
u
c
tio
n
,
S
e
c
tio
n
I
I
d
e
liv
e
r
s
t
h
e
d
e
ta
il a
n
te
n
n
a
d
e
s
ig
n
,
S
e
c
tio
n
I
I
I
p
r
e
s
e
n
ts
th
e
r
e
s
ul
t
a
nd
a
na
l
ys
i
s
,
a
nd
s
e
c
t
i
o
n I
V
i
s
c
o
nc
l
us
i
o
n.
2.
ANT
E
NNA D
E
S
I
G
N
C
o
m
p
le
te
g
eo
m
et
r
i
cal
de
s
i
gn
of
ha
l
f
tr
ia
n
g
u
la
r
c
o
m
b
-
sh
a
p
e
d
sl
i
t
s
e
d
g
e
A
V
A
(
Co
m
b
-
AV
A)
a
n
d
c
o
nve
nt
i
o
na
l
A
V
A
(
A
V
A
)
i
s
s
ho
w
n o
n F
i
gur
e
2
a
nd
F
i
g
ur
e
3
,
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
ve
l
y
.
T
h
i
s
pr
opos
e
d
C
om
b A
V
A
an
t
en
n
a o
ccu
p
i
e
s
a 2
5
x
8
mm
2
of
F
R
4 s
u
bs
t
r
a
t
e
(
=
4
.
4
,
t
a
n
δ
=
0.
02,
t
hi
n
kne
s
s
1
.6
mm)
a
nd
i
t
s
d
i
m
e
ns
i
o
ns
ar
e s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
l
e 1
.
T
h
e ex
p
o
n
en
t
i
al
t
ap
er
i
s
d
et
er
m
i
n
ed
f
o
r
i
n
n
er
ed
g
e b
y
t
h
e r
at
e (
r
)
,
p
o
i
n
t
A
(
x
1
,y
1
)
,
poi
n
t
B
(x
2
,y
2
)
.
I
t
can
b
e d
ef
i
n
ed
as
y
=
C
e
r
x
(1
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t
J
E
l
e
c
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
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I
S
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
M
odi
f
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d U
l
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W
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band (
U
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3069
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1
L
W
L
1
L
2
L
3
L
4
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2
Point A
Point B
A half triangular
comb shaped slits
edge
(
a)
Y
Y
1
X
Y
2
X
1
(b
)
TOP
RADIATOR
BOTTOM
RADIATOR
SUBSTRATE
(
c)
F
i
gu
r
e
2.
(
a
)
T
o
p s
i
de
(
c
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b
-
A
V
A
)
(
b)
bot
t
om
s
i
de
(
c
om
b
-
A
V
A
)
(
c
)
C
o
m
p
le
te
g
e
o
m
e
tr
ic
a
l (
c
o
m
b
-
AV
A)
X
1
Y
Y
2
Y
1
X
(
a)
X
1
Y
2
Y
Y
1
X
(b
)
TOP
RADIATOR
BOTTOM
RADIATOR
SUBSTRATE
(
c)
F
i
g
u
re
3
.
(a
)
T
o
p
s
i
d
e
(A
V
A
) (b
) b
o
t
t
o
m
s
i
d
e
(A
V
A
) (c
) C
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
g
e
o
m
e
t
ri
c
a
l
(
A
V
A
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
20
88
-
8708
In
t
J
E
l
e
c
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
V
o
l.
8
, N
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.
5
,
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c
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r
20
18
:
306
7
-
3075
3070
T
a
b
le
1
.
O
p
tim
iz
e
d
Pa
r
am
e
t
er
o
f
t
h
e
P
r
opos
e
d A
n
t
e
nn
a
P
a
r
a
m
et
er
L=
Y
L 1
=
Y
1
L 2
=
Y
2
L 3
L 4
W
=
X
W
1
=
X
1
W
2
V
a
l
u
e
(
mm)
2
5
1
5
5
0
.6
0
.4
8
1
6
.6
3.
R
ES
U
LT
S
A
ND AN
AL
Y
S
I
S
I
n
t
h
is
s
e
c
tio
n
,
w
e
w
ill
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
d
is
c
u
s
s
io
n
a
n
d
a
n
a
l
y
s
is
o
f
ha
l
f
t
r
i
a
ng
ul
a
r
c
o
mb
-
sh
a
p
e
d
s
l
i
t
s
e
f
f
ect
s
in
A
n
tip
o
d
a
l V
iv
a
ld
i a
n
te
n
n
a
.
A
n
te
n
n
a
p
a
r
a
m
e
te
r
s
a
r
e
in
c
l
u
d
in
g
V
S
W
R
,
r
e
tu
r
n
lo
s
s
(
S
1
1
)
,
ga
i
n,
a
n
d
r
a
d
ia
tio
n
p
at
t
er
n
w
i
l
l
b
e i
n
v
es
t
i
g
at
ed
.
T
h
e p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
t
en
n
a
w
as
d
es
i
g
n
ed
u
s
i
n
g
C
S
T
s
t
u
d
i
o
s
u
i
t
e.
3
.1
.
R
e
t
u
r
n
Lo
ss
(
S
11
)
R
e
t
ur
n l
o
s
s
(
S
11
)
r
ep
r
es
en
t
s
h
o
w
ma
t
c
h
b
et
w
ee
n
an
an
t
en
n
a
a
nd
a
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
li
n
e
.
R
e
t
u
r
n
lo
s
s
i
s
r
e
la
te
d
w
i
th
r
a
tio
r
e
f
le
c
te
d
p
o
w
e
r
to
in
c
id
e
n
t p
o
w
e
r
.
G
e
n
er
al
l
y
,
e
x
p
ect
ed
r
e
t
ur
n l
o
s
s
i
s
l
e
ss
t
ha
n
-
10 dB
. I
t is
r
el
at
ed
t
o S
t
a
nd
i
n
g W
a
ve
R
a
t
i
o
(S
W
R
) a
n
d
r
ef
l
ect
i
o
n
co
ef
f
i
ci
en
t
(
Γ
)
.
T
he
r
e
t
ur
n l
o
s
s
(
S
11
)
c
ove
r
s
i
n
r
a
n
ge
o
f
-
15.
877 dB
t
o
-
31.
18
8
d
B
a
t
d
ua
l
b
a
nd
28/
38
G
H
z
5G
f
r
e
qu
e
n
c
i
e
s
.
F
i
gu
r
e
4
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
pr
opos
e
d h
a
l
f
tr
ia
n
g
u
la
r
c
o
mb
-
s
h
ap
ed
s
lits
e
d
g
e
A
n
tip
o
d
a
l V
iv
a
ld
i a
n
te
n
n
a
(
C
o
m
b
-
A
V
A
)
y
ie
ld
s
a
b
e
tte
r
r
e
tu
r
n
lo
s
s
t
h
a
n
th
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
a
l V
iv
a
ld
i a
n
te
n
n
a
(
A
V
A
)
a
t
a
hi
ghe
r
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
(
3
8
G
H
z)
.
T
h
er
e i
s
al
m
o
s
t
1
0
d
B
r
ef
i
n
e
m
e
n
t
.
W
he
r
e
a
s
,
t
he
r
e
i
s
no
s
i
gni
f
i
c
a
nt
i
m
p
r
o
ve
m
e
nt
r
e
t
ur
n
l
o
s
s
a
t
a l
o
w
er
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(
2
8
G
H
z
)
b
u
t it
is
s
till le
s
s
t
h
a
n
t
he
r
e
t
ur
n l
o
s
s
t
hr
e
s
ho
l
d
(
-
1
0 dB
)
,
m
or
e
de
t
ai
l
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
l
e 2
.
I
m
p
ed
an
ce b
a
n
d
w
i
d
t
h
i
s
d
ef
i
n
ed
a
s
s
ep
ar
at
i
o
n
b
et
w
een
t
w
o
-
1
0
d
B
r
e
t
ur
n l
o
s
s
f
r
e
q
ue
nc
y
.
I
n a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n,
C
o
m
b
-
A
V
A
b
an
d
w
i
d
t
h
can
b
e cl
a
s
s
i
f
i
ed
a
s
a
n ul
t
r
a
-
w
i
d
eb
an
d
b
ecau
s
e t
h
i
s
an
t
e
n
n
a
h
as
f
r
act
i
o
n
al
b
a
n
d
w
i
d
t
h
(
F
B
W
)
m
o
r
e t
h
an
0
.
5
w
h
i
ch
i
s
de
n
ot
e
d b
y
F
BW
=
F
u
−
F
l
F
c
(2
)
F
u
is
th
e
hi
g
he
s
t
f
r
e
q
ue
nc
y
(
4
0
GHz
)
,
F
l
i
s
t
h
e l
o
w
es
t
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
(
2
0
G
H
z)
,
F
c
i
s
t
h
e cen
t
er
f
r
e
q
ue
nc
y
.
W
he
n
t
h
e cen
t
er
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
i
s
2
8
GHz
t
h
at
t
h
e F
B
W
ach
i
ev
e
s
0
.
7
1
4
.
W
h
er
eas
,
w
h
e
n
w
e u
s
e
cen
t
er
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
3
8
GHz
t
h
at
t
h
e F
B
W
i
s
0
.
5
2
6
.
F
o
r
t
h
es
e t
w
o
f
r
eq
u
e
n
ci
e
s
cr
eat
e F
B
W
≥
0
.
5
ar
e cat
eg
o
r
i
zed
an
u
l
t
r
a
w
i
d
eb
an
d
.
M
o
r
e d
et
ai
l
w
e ca
n
s
ee i
n
T
ab
l
e 3
.
F
BW
2
8
G
H
z
=
F
u
−
F
l
F
c
=
4
0
−
2
0
2
8
=
0
.
7
1
4
(3
)
F
BW
3
8
G
H
z
=
F
u
−
F
l
F
c
=
4
0
−
2
0
3
8
=
0
.
5
2
6
(4
)
F
i
g
ur
e
4
.
R
e
t
ur
n l
o
s
s
(
S
11
)
p
r
o
f
ile
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t
J
E
l
e
c
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
S
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
M
odi
f
i
e
d U
l
t
r
a
W
i
de
band (
U
W
B
)
A
nt
i
podal
V
i
v
al
di
…
(
Su
buh P
r
am
o
no
)
3071
T
ab
l
e 2
.
R
et
u
r
n
L
o
ss
(S
11
)
F (
M
H
z
)
S
11
-
c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
l
(
d
B
)
S
11
-
a h
al
f
t
r
i
an
g
u
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I
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88
-
8708
In
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8708
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r
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t
J
E
l
e
c
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
S
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
M
odi
f
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l
t
r
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W
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band (
U
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v
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(
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buh P
r
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3075
R
EF
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1]
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