Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of Ele
ctrical
an
d
Co
mput
er
En
gin
eeri
ng
(IJ
E
C
E)
Vo
l.
10
,
No.
4
,
A
ugus
t
2020
,
pp.
4015
~4
022
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijece
.
v10
i
4
.
pp
4015
-
40
22
4015
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
ece.i
aesc
or
e.c
om/i
nd
ex
.ph
p/IJ
ECE
Dual
-
l
ayer remo
t
e phosph
or struct
ure: a n
ovel te
chniq
ue to
enhanc
e the
co
l
or quality
scale an
d lu
min
ous flux o
f WLE
Ds
Phun
g
T
on
T
ha
t
1
, Thuc
Minh Bui
2
, N
guy
en Thi Ph
uon
g
L
oa
n
3
, P
ha
n
X
u
an Le
4
,
Nguy
e
n
Doan
Quo
c
Anh
5
, L
e Van Th
o
6
1
Facul
t
y
of Elect
ronic
s T
ec
hno
lo
g
y
,
Industri
al Unive
rsit
y
of
Ho C
hi
Minh C
ity
,
Vi
et
nam
2
Facul
t
y
of Elect
ric
a
l
and
E
lectr
o
nic
s E
ng
ine
er
ing
,
Nha
Tra
ng
Uni
ver
sit
y
,
Vie
tna
m
3
Facul
t
y
of
Fund
amenta
l
2,
Pos
ts a
nd
T
el
e
comm
unic
a
ti
ons Insti
tute
of Te
chnol
og
y
,
Viet
n
am
4
Facul
t
y
of Elect
ric
a
l
and
E
lectr
o
nic
s E
ng
ine
er
ing
,
HCM
C
Univer
sit
y
of
Food Ind
ustr
y
,
Vie
tna
m
5
Pow
er
S
y
stem
Optimiza
ti
o
n
Re
sea
rch
Group
,
F
ac
ul
t
y
of
Elec
tr
i
ca
l
and
Elec
t
roni
cs
Engi
n
ee
rin
g,
Ton
Duc Thang
Unive
rsit
y
,
Vie
t
nam
6
Instit
ute of Tro
pic
a
l
Bio
log
y
,
Viet
n
am Aca
dem
y
of
Sci
ence and Tec
hno
log
y
,
Vie
tna
m
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Sep
9
, 2
019
Re
vised
Feb 1
4
,
2020
Accepte
d
Fe
b 24
, 202
0
The
eff
ects
of
red
l
ight
-
emitting
phosphor
CaMgSi2O6:Eu2+
,
Mn2+
on
the
op
ti
c
al
prop
ert
i
es
of
singl
e
-
l
a
y
er
r
emote
pho
sphor
struct
ure
(
SR
PS
)
and
dual
-
l
a
y
er
remote
phosphor
str
uct
ure
(DRP
S)
are
the
foc
us
of
thi
s
st
u
d
y
.
The
diff
ere
n
ce
s
in
col
or
qua
li
t
y
and
luminous
flux
(LF)
of
white
li
gh
t
-
emitt
ing
di
odes
(W
LE
Ds
)
bet
wee
n
the
se
two
struct
ure
s
are
a
lso
rev
eale
d
and
demons
tra
te
d
ba
sed
on
the
Mie t
heor
y
.
SR
PS
consists
of
one
m
ixe
d
phosphor
lay
er
b
et
wee
nC
a
MgS
i2O6:E
u2+,M
n2+
andYAG
:Ce
3+pa
r
ti
c
le
s,
w
hil
e
DRP
S
inc
lud
es
two
sepa
rated
lay
e
rs:
re
d
phosphor
lay
er
an
d
y
e
ll
ow
pho
sphor
lay
er.
In
thi
s
work,
5%
SiO2
is
adde
d
int
o
th
e
p
hosphor
lay
ers
to
inc
r
ea
se
sca
ttering
abi
l
it
i
es.
Discre
p
anci
es
in
struc
ture
s
gre
a
tly
aff
e
ct
the
opt
ical
cha
ra
cteri
sti
cs
of
W
LE
Ds
.
The
result
s
show
ed
tha
t
the
col
o
r
ren
d
eri
ng
inde
x
(CRI)
inc
r
e
ase
d
with
the
con
centra
ti
on
in
bo
th
struct
ure
s
with
nea
rl
y
equal
val
ues.
Mea
nwh
il
e
,
col
or
qualit
y
sca
l
e
(CQS
)
of
DP
R
S
is
74
at
ACCTs
ran
ging
from
56
00K
to
8500K,
h
ighe
r
th
an
CQS
of
SR
PS
which
is
onl
y
71
at
8500K.
In
addi
t
i
on,
th
e
luminous
flux
of
DRP
S
is
significantl
y
highe
r
tha
n
SR
PS
at
2%
-
14%
of
CaMgSi2O6:Eu2+,Mn2+.
I
n
summ
ar
y
,
DRP
S
is
bet
ter
for
col
or
qua
li
t
y
and
lumen
output
in
compar
i
son
to
SR
PS
a
nd
addi
ng
the
r
ight
amount
of
r
ed
phosphor
ca
n
enh
ance
CQ
S a
nd
LF.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Color re
nderin
g
in
de
x
Lum
in
ou
s
flu
x
Du
al
-
la
ye
r
ph
ospho
r
Mie
-
scat
te
ring
theo
ry
WLE
Ds
Copyright
©
202
0
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Nguyen
Doa
n Quoc
A
nh,
Faculty
of Elec
tric
al
an
d El
ect
ronics E
nginee
rin
g,
To
n Du
c
Tha
ng
Un
i
ver
sit
y,
No.
19 Ng
uyen
Huu T
ho Stree
t, Tan
P
hong
Ward,
D
ist
rict
7,
H
o
Chi
Mi
nh Ci
ty
, V
ie
tna
m
.
Em
a
il
: ng
uyen
do
a
nquoca
nh@tdtu
.edu.
vn
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
The
li
ght
-
em
itti
ng
diodes
t
ha
t
eject
wh
it
e
li
gh
t
(
WLE
D
s)
a
re
on
e
of
the
m
os
t
com
m
on
ly
us
ed
li
gh
ti
ng
s
olu
ti
on
in
the
li
gh
ti
ng
a
nd
dis
play
s
yst
e
m
s
ind
us
tr
y
for
thei
r
un
i
que
pro
per
ti
es,
i
nclu
ding
reli
ab
il
ity,
lum
ino
us
eff
i
ci
ency,
an
d
energy
eff
ic
ie
nc
y,
wh
ic
h
is
li
kely
to
rep
la
ce
old
e
r
li
gh
ti
ng
te
ch
niques
i
n
the
f
uture
[1
-
4]
.
Howe
ver,
th
ere
arem
ajor
c
hanges
in
WL
EDs
t
hat
can
be
m
ade
to
re
ach
the
f
ull
po
te
ntial
includi
ng
ph
ospho
r
co
nversi
on
an
d
l
um
ino
us
eff
ic
ie
ncy
[5
-
6],
as
well
as
i
m
pr
ovin
g
c
olo
r
purity
an
d
pr
ic
e
com
petit
iveness
agai
ns
t
inca
ndesce
nt
an
d
fluoresce
nt
la
m
ps
[7
-
10]
.
In
previ
ou
s
stu
dies
,
qua
ntu
m
e
ff
ic
ie
ncy
was
e
nhance
d
us
in
g
a
ph
os
ph
or
s
synth
esi
s
m
et
ho
dolo
gy
c
al
le
d
ex
plo
it
in
g
flu
x
[
11
-
14]
and
in
ven
ti
ng
a
novel
phospho
r.
Re
s
earche
rs
hav
e
recently
ad
j
us
t
ed
the
c
onfig
urat
ion
of
LED
too
ls
by
m
od
ify
ing
the
gap
be
twee
n
the
phosp
hor
m
at
erial
and
the
li
gh
t
i
ng
em
it
ti
ng
chip
,
cre
at
ing
a
new
ty
pe
of
LE
D
na
m
ed
rem
ote
-
typ
e
LE
D
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
4
,
A
ugus
t
2020
:
4015
-
4022
4016
wh
ic
h works o
n
the
scatt
ered
photon e
xtracti
on conce
pt and
i
m
pr
oves t
he qu
a
ntu
m
eff
ic
ie
ncy of
WLE
D
up to
60%
by bo
os
ti
ng the
bac
k
-
sc
at
te
red
photons
ex
tract
io
n
e
ff
i
ci
ency [
15
]
.
En
han
ci
ng
br
igh
t
ness
a
nd
lu
m
ino
us
e
ff
ic
ie
ncy
al
so
reli
es
upon
the
col
or
qual
it
y.
A
nota
ble
m
e
thod
that
us
ually
ap
pliedin
WLE
D
producti
on
is
e
m
erg
ing
t
he
blu
e
li
gh
t
of
InGaN
LED
c
hip
with
the
ye
ll
ow
gr
ee
n
li
ght
fro
m
a
ph
osp
hor; h
owe
ver,
the
r
ed
li
gh
t
la
ck
t
he
se
el
e
m
ent
s
[1
6].
T
he
refor
e
,
it
is
essenti
al
t
hat
re
d
phospho
r
a
nd
gr
ee
n
-
ye
ll
ow
phospho
r
a
re
c
om
bin
ed
i
n
order
to
yi
el
d
be
tt
er
colo
r
qual
it
y.
The
proce
s
s
that
pro
du
ce
the
c
om
po
und
of
the
se
tw
o
phosphors
,
howe
ver,
dam
ages
the
obta
ined
li
ght
f
r
om
e
m
issi
on
proces
s
du
e
to
a
pa
rt
of
li
ght
em
i
tt
ed
from
on
e
phospho
r
is
reab
s
orbe
d
by
an
ot
her
causi
ng
an
overla
p
of
ph
os
ph
or
sp
ect
ra
wh
ic
h
le
ads
tolo
w
col
or
qual
it
y
[1
7].
A
po
s
sible
so
l
ution
is
sta
cki
ng
the
la
ye
rs
of
phosp
hor
m
a
te
rial
s
in
the
order
of
red
ph
os
ph
or
la
ye
r
belo
w
th
e
gr
ee
n
one
to
en
han
ce
t
he
e
ff
ic
ie
ncy.
This
patte
rn
sug
ges
ts
that
the
la
ye
r
of
re
d
ph
osphor
c
a
n
re
duce
the
re
abs
orption
of
li
gh
t
f
ro
m
gr
ee
n
ph
osphor
i
f
placed
directl
y
above
the
chi
p
[
18]
.
Ne
ver
thele
s
s,
sta
cke
d
ph
ospho
r
la
ye
rs
m
od
el
ca
nnot
be
re
-
im
ple
m
ented
f
or
co
pyri
gh
t
a
nd
patents
reas
ons
to
avo
id
risks
relat
ed
to
la
w
vio
la
ti
ons,
[
8],
wh
ic
h
forces
us
to
lo
ok
f
or
a
new
m
et
ho
d
nam
ed
phospho
r
-
in
-
glass
(P
iG
)
to
im
pro
ve
the
ch
rom
at
ic
qu
al
it
y
a
nd
heat
perf
orm
ance
in
W
LE
D
co
nf
i
gurati
on
wit
h
rem
ote
phos
ph
or
la
ye
r
s
[19
-
20]
.
N
ot
on
ly
does
Pi
G
ben
e
fi
t
the
lum
ino
us
eff
ic
acy
a
nd
therm
al
sta
bili
t
y
of
WLE
Ds
but
it
al
so
offers
col
or
qu
al
it
y
adv
a
ntages
that
ve
r
y
few
researc
h
pap
e
rs
ha
ve
m
entioned
or
pro
ved.
In
this
stu
dy,
op
ti
cal
pro
per
t
ie
s
su
ch
as
lu
m
ino
us
ef
fici
ency
and
c
o
lo
r
qu
al
it
y
of
W
L
EDs
are
im
pr
oved
by
util
iz
ing
a
ne
w
te
ch
nique
c
al
le
d
dual
-
la
ye
r
rem
ote
phospho
r
str
ucture
(D
RP
S)
.
Be
sid
es,
the
c
om
par
ison
of
op
ti
cal
char
act
erist
ic
s
betwee
n
SRPS
(si
ng
l
e
rem
ote
ph
ospho
r
struct
ur
e
)
and
DRP
S
is
al
so
cl
early
presented
and d
em
on
strat
ed base
d on Mi
e scat
te
rin
g
the
or
y.
2.
DETAIL
OF
SIMUALTI
O
N
2.1.
Simul
at
i
on
of
SR
PS
and
D
R
PS
As
can
be
see
n
from
Figu
re
1(
a
),
the
WLE
D
si
m
ulati
on
with
rem
ote
ph
osp
hor
str
uctur
est
hat
have
the
ave
ra
ge
C
CTs
of
5600
K,
6600
K,7
000
K,
7700
K,
and
85
00
K
wa
s
m
ade
from
a
com
m
ercial
s
of
t
ware
util
iz
ing
the
Mon
te
Ca
rlo
ray
-
traci
ng
m
et
hod,
t
he
Li
gh
tT
ools
8.1.0.
Fig
ure
1(b)
de
picte
d
the
3
-
D
sim
ulati
on
ph
ysi
cal
m
od
el
of
W
LE
Ds
us
ed
to
perf
or
m
op
ti
cal
si
m
ulatio
ns
of
rem
ote
pack
a
ge
WLE
Ds.
SRPS
c
ons
ist
s
of
a
sing
le
phosp
hor
la
ye
r
in
wh
ic
h
Ca
MgSi
2
O
6
:Eu
2+
,M
n
2+
are
m
ixed
with
YAG:C
e
3+
com
po
und
as
il
lustrate
d
in
Fig
ure
1
(c
)
.
O
n
t
he
oth
e
r
ha
nd,
acc
ordi
ng
to
Fig
ur
e
1
(d),
DRP
S
in
cl
ud
es
tw
o
se
pa
rated
la
ye
rs
of
re
d
phospho
r
an
d
ye
ll
ow
phosphor
.
This
reali
sti
c
m
od
el
of
WLED
s
co
ns
ist
s
of
a
n
8
m
m
long
ref
le
ct
or
at
t
he
so
le
,
2.07
m
m
hig
h,
an
d
9.8
5
m
m
l
ong
at
it
s
top
s
urface. A
s
de
pi
ct
ed
in
Fig
ure
1(d),
the
thic
kness
f
or
each
l
ay
er
of
rem
ote
ph
osp
hor
is
0.0
8
m
m
with
nin
e
LE
D
chi
ps
,
eac
h
of
t
hem
has
1.16
W
rad
ia
nt
power
at
45
5
nm
wav
el
e
ng
t
h,
a
square
s
ole
of
1.1
4
m
m
,
and
is
0.1
5
m
m
hig
h
boun
de
d
to
t
he
s
pa
ces
at
the
bot
ton
of
the
ref
le
ct
or
.
Wh
e
n
the
SiO
2
con
ce
ntrati
on
in
the
m
ixtur
e
of
phospho
r
is
fixed
at
5%
,
the
co
nce
ntra
ti
on
of
Ca
Mg
phosphor
cl
im
bs
ceas
el
essly
fr
om
2
%
to
30
%
.
Howev
e
r,
the
a
ve
rag
e
CC
T
valu
es
are
sta
bili
zed
wit
h
the m
od
ific
at
ion
of YAG:Ce
3+
wt.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Figure
1. a)
Photo
gr
a
ph
of
W
LEDs
sam
ple, (
b) Sim
ulati
on
of the
WLE
Ds usin
g
Li
gh
tT
ools
program
,
(c)
Illustrat
io
n of SRPS
w
it
h
SiO
2
(
green
)
a
nd CaM
gS
i
2
O
6
:Eu
2+
,Mn
2+
(
re
d) in
YAG:C
e
3+
com
po
un
d
(y
el
low),
(d) Il
lustrati
on
of D
RP
S
with
SiO
2
in
CaM
gSi
2
O
6
:Eu
2+
,Mn
2+
com
po
und
a
nd YA
G:Ce
3+
com
po
und.
Nex
t,
the
Li
ghtTo
ols
8.5.0
so
ft
war
e
is
ap
plied
to
sim
ul
at
e
the
par
ti
cl
es
prop
e
rtie
s
of
Si
O
2
and
Ca
MgSi
2
O
6
:Eu
2+
,Mn
2+
.
T
he
r
efr
act
ive
i
nd
e
x
of
SiO
2
a
nd
Ca
MgSi
2
O
6
:Eu
2+
,Mn
2+
phosp
hor
is
1.5
4
an
d
1.8
0
resp
ect
ively
.
T
he
SiO
2
pa
rtic
le
s
ha
ve
s
ph
e
rical
sh
ape
with
a
3
µm
aver
ag
e
rad
i
us
in
t
he
Mi
e
si
m
ulati
on
wh
il
e
the
Y
A
G:Ce
3+
phospho
r
par
ti
cl
es
hav
e
an
a
ver
a
ge
rad
i
us
of
7.2
5
μm
wit
h
c
on
sist
e
nt
1.
38
re
fr
act
ive
i
nd
e
x
at
e
v
e
r
y
w
a
v
e
l
e
ng
t
h
s
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
e
f
r
a
c
t
i
v
e
i
n
d
e
x
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
i
l
i
c
o
n
e
g
l
u
e
i
s
1
.
5
.
T
o
k
e
e
p
t
h
e
a
v
e
r
a
g
e
C
C
T
v
a
l
u
e
s
t
e
a
dy
,
i
t
i
s
v
i
t
a
l
t
o
v
a
r
y
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
u
s
i
on
a
l
p
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
i
n
t
h
e
di
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
w
e
i
gh
t
o
f
t
h
e
diff
use
s
to
increase t
heir p
ercenta
ge wh
il
e lesse
ning t
he wei
ght o
f Y
A
G:Ce
3+
phosphor
to ret
ai
n
t
he bala
nce.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
Dual
-
l
ayer r
e
mo
te
phosp
hor
structu
re: a
novel
tech
nique
to enh
an
ce
the
color
(
Ngu
ye
n Doa
n Quoc
An
h)
4017
2.2.
Prepar
at
i
on
of Ca
M
gS
i
2
O
6
:
Eu
2+
,Mn
2+
ph
osphor
Ordina
rily
,
re
d
-
em
it
t
ing
ph
os
ph
or
Ca
M
gSi
2
O
6
:Eu
2+
,Mn
2+
is
su
it
able
for
hi
gh
l
oad
i
ng
a
nd
lo
ng
li
fetim
e
fluo
re
scent
lam
ps
becau
se
of
the
ou
tst
a
nd
i
ng
prop
e
rtie
s
in
quantum
eff
ic
ie
ncy
or
chem
ic
a
l
a
nd
therm
al
sta
bility
[1
1].
The
Ca
MgSi
2
O
6
:Eu
2+
,Mn
2+
com
po
sit
ion
,
wh
ic
h
is
suppose
dly
a
substance
t
ha
t
can
enh
a
nce
t
he
lu
m
ino
us
e
ff
ic
acy
of
WLE
D
s,is
create
d
th
rou
gh
t
he
ch
e
m
ic
al
pr
ocess
es
betwee
n
di
ff
e
ren
t
m
at
erial
s
su
ch
as
Ca
O,
Mg
O,
Si
O
2
,
E
u
2
O
3
,
MnC
O
3
a
nd
N
H
4
Cl
.
The
Ca
MgSi
2
O
6
:Eu
2+
,Mn
2+
phosp
hor
com
po
sit
ion
is
cal
culat
ed
in
detai
l
as
can
be
seen
from
T
able
1.
The
fa
br
ic
at
io
n
of
C
aM
gS
i
2
O
6
:Eu
2+
,Mn
2+
m
us
t
be
ta
ken
in
order
of
six
separ
at
e
ste
ps:
m
ixing
,
dr
yi
ng,
firin
g
twic
e,
wash
i
ng
a
nd
dr
yi
ng
agai
n
to
get
the
best
res
ult,
each
of
them
play
s
an
essent
ia
l
ro
le
and
cl
ose
ly
relat
es
to
the
pr
ece
ding
ste
p(
s
).
T
his
order
i
s
pr
ese
nted
s
pec
ific
al
ly
as
fo
ll
ow
s:
(
1)
Mi
x
the
m
at
erial
s
by
slu
rr
yi
ng
t
hem
in
m
e
thano
l
with
the
f
ocus
on
so
a
king
wit
h
a
fe
w
c
ub
ic
ce
nt
i
m
e
te
rs
water;
(
2)
D
ry
the
m
ixtur
e
in
t
he
ai
r
un
ti
l
it
com
plete
ly
gets
dr
ai
ned
;
(3)
Fire
the
dri
ed
m
a
te
rial
s
i
n
cap
pe
d
quar
tz
tub
es
un
der
the
conditi
on
of
N
2
at
10
00ºC
withi
n
an
hour
;
(4)
Fire
this
c
om
po
und
agai
n
in
cap
ped
quar
tz
tub
es
n
a
n
hour
but
with
C
O
at
1150ºC.
(
5)
C
ollec
t
and
wash
w
i
t
h
w
a
t
e
r
t
o
r
e
m
o
v
e
r
e
s
i
d
u
e
a
n
d
d
u
s
t
.
(
6
)
W
a
i
t
u
n
t
i
l
t
h
e
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
s
d
r
y
a
n
d
w
e
a
c
h
i
e
v
e
C
a
M
g
S
i
2
O
6
:
Eu
2+
,
M
n
2+
.
Table
1.
C
om
po
sit
ion o
f
the
re
d
-
em
it
t
ing
Ca
MgSi
2
O
6
:Eu
2+
,
Mn
2+
phosp
hor
Ing
redien
t
Mole (%
)
By
weig
h
t
(g)
Molar
m
ass
(g/
m
o
l)
Mole
(
m
o
l)
Ion
s
Mole
(
m
o
l)
Mole
(%)
CaO
2
6
,65
9
64
5
6
.07
7
4
1
.14
1
Ca
2+
1
.14
1
0
.10
6
MgO
2
3
.18
3
40
4
0
.30
4
0
.99
2
Mg
2+
0
.99
2
0
.09
2
SiO
2
4
8
.98
9
126
6
0
.08
2
.09
7
Si
4+
2
.09
7
0
.19
5
Eu
2
O
3
0
.23
4
3
.5
3
5
1
.926
0
.01
O
2
-
6
.47
8
0
.60
1
MnC
O
3
0
.93
5
4
.6
1
1
4
.9469
0
.04
Eu
2+
0
.02
0
.00
2
NH
4
Cl
--
2
1
.4
5
3
.49
--
Mn
2+
0
.04
0
.00
4
3.
SCATT
ERI
N
G
C
OM
PUT
ATIO
N
The
scat
te
rin
g
coeffic
ie
nt
μ
sca
(
λ
)
,
anisotropy
facto
r
g(λ)
,
and
reduce
d
scat
te
rin
g
coeffic
ie
nt
δ
sca
(
λ
)
accord
in
g
to
Mi
e the
ory
[
21
-
25]
can
be de
fine
d by ap
pl
yi
ng
e
xpres
sion
s
(1
-
3):
(1)
(2)
(3)
wh
e
re
N(r)
in
di
cat
es
the
de
ns
i
ty
of
distrib
ute
d
diffusio
nal
pa
rtic
le
s
(m
m
3
),
C
sca
is
the
scat
te
ring
cr
os
s
se
ct
ion
s
(m
m
2
),
p
(θ,
λ
,r)
is the p
hase f
unct
ion, λ is the ligh
t wav
el
en
gth
(nm
),
r
is d
iffusi
onal
p
arti
cl
es r
adius
(µ
m
),
θ
is
the
scat
te
ring
ang
le
(
°C),
a
nd
f(r)
is
the
f
unct
ion
desc
rib
e
the
diffus
or
distrib
ution
of
siz
e
in
the
phos
ph
or
la
ye
r,
which
ca
n be calc
ulate
d as f
ollo
ws:
(4)
(5)
The
functi
on
N(r)
a
re
c
om
piled
by
th
e
de
nsi
ty
of
dif
fusive
par
ti
cl
e
N
di
f
(
r)
and
ph
os
ph
or
par
ti
cl
e
N
phos
(
r
).
f
dif
(r)
and
f
phos
(r)
are
functi
ons
f
ord
iffuso
r
an
d
phos
ph
or
par
ti
cl
e
siz
e
distribu
t
ion
.
K
N
is
the
diffus
or
unit
sin
one
diffus
or co
nce
ntrati
on a
nd is
def
i
ned b
y:
(
6)
w
he
re M
(r) is t
he diff
us
i
ve uni
t spati
al
d
ist
ribu
ti
on
of m
ass, prop
os
ed
b
y e
qu
at
io
n:
(
)
(
)
(
,
)
sc
a
sc
a
N
r
C
r
dr
1
1
(
)
2
(
,
,
)
(
)
c
o
s
c
o
s
g
p
r
f
r
d
d
r
(
1
)
s
c
a
s
c
a
g
(
)
(
)
(
)
d
i
f
p
h
o
s
f
r
f
r
f
r
(
)
(
)
(
)
.[
(
)
(
)
]
dif
ph
os
N
dif
ph
os
N
r
N
r
N
r
K
f
r
f
r
()
N
c
K
M
r
dr
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
4
,
A
ugus
t
2020
:
4015
-
4022
4018
(
7)
ρ
diff
(
r
)
and
ρ
phos
(
r
)
descr
ibethe
diffus
or an
d p
hosph
or d
e
ns
it
y.
In Mi
e
-
scat
te
ring
the
or
y,
C
sca
can
be
ac
hieve
d
as
a r
e
su
lt
s
of the
equati
on
belo
w:
(
8)
w
he
re
k
=
2π
/λ
, and
a
n
a
nd
b
n
are esti
m
at
ed
by:
(9)
(10)
Wh
ic
h
ha
ve
th
e
refract
ive
i
ndex
x=
k.r
m
,
an
dR
ic
cat
i
-
Be
ssel
functi
on
and
.
It
ca
n
be
seen
f
r
om
Figu
re
2
that
t
he
scat
te
ring
c
oe
ff
ic
ie
nts
at
45
3
nm
,
555
nm,
an
d
680
nm
wav
el
e
ngthsi
ncr
ease
dep
e
ndently
on
t
he
Ca
MgSi
2
O
6
:Eu
2+
,
Mn
2+
phosphor
c
oncent
rati
on
.
The
sc
at
te
ring
e
ff
ec
ts
of
Ca
MgSi
2
O
6
:Eu
2+
,Mn
2+
an
d
Si
O
2
pa
rtic
le
s
cause
co
ns
i
der
a
bl
e
influ
en
ce
on
RP
-
W
L
EDs
.
Partic
ularly
,
th
e
red
li
gh
t
f
ro
m
Ca
MgSi
2
O
6
:Eu
2+
,
Mn
2+
has
bette
r
abs
orbin
g
ca
pa
bili
ty
than
the
li
gh
t
rad
ia
ti
on
of
LE
D
a
nd
th
eref
or,
the
will
be
ab
unda
nt
re
d
li
ght
wh
ic
h
can
be
us
e
d
to
c
om
pen
sat
e
f
or
def
ic
i
ency
in
RP
-
W
LEDs
.
Furthe
r
m
o
re,
5%
wt.
of
SiO
2
was
ad
de
d
to
en
ha
nce
the
scat
te
red
li
gh
t,
resu
lt
in
g
in
a
rise
assim
il
ated
li
gh
t
of
pc
-
LEDs
,
wh
ic
h
is
the
r
easo
n
w
hy
Ca
MgSi
2
O
6
:Eu
2+
,
Mn
2+
and
SiO
2
par
ti
cl
es
are
util
iz
ed
to
yi
el
d
w
hite
LE
Ds
wit
h
bette
r
c
olo
r
qu
al
it
y.
Nex
t,
the
anisot
ropy
f
ac
tor
of
Ca
M
gS
i
2
O
6
:Eu
2+
,M
n
2+
pa
rtic
le
s
for
wa
velen
gth
s of 453nm
,
555nm
,
and
680nm
was
pr
e
sented
in
Fig
ur
e
3,
wh
ic
h
ind
ic
at
es
th
e
anisotr
opy
fac
tor
value
s
at
680nm
wav
el
e
ng
t
h
inc
reases
in
com
pa
rison
to
55
5nm
values.
I
n
com
par
ison
with
othe
r
wa
vele
ng
t
hs
,
the
a
nis
otr
op
y
factor
values
obta
ined
at
45
3nm
wav
el
eng
t
h
is
the
highes
t,
wh
ic
h
m
eans
Ca
MgSi
2
O
6
:Eu
2+
,Mn
2+
pa
rtic
le
s
are
favor
a
ble to
th
e color
hom
og
eneit
y of rem
ote phosp
hor W
LEDs
.
Figure
2.
Scat
te
rin
g
c
oeffici
ents
of
Ca
MgSi
2
O
6
:Eu
2+
,Mn
2+
of
453 nm
, 5
55
nm
,
and 68
0 nm
w
avelen
gth
s
Figure
3. A
nis
otr
op
y sca
tt
eri
ng
of
Ca
MgSi
2
O
6
:Eu
2+
,Mn
2+
of 45
3 nm
, 5
55
nm
,
and 68
0 nm
w
avelen
gth
s
The
refract
ive
ind
e
x
of
sil
ic
one
(n
sil
)
in
SRP
S
an
d
DRP
S
is
1.5
3
w
hile
n
ph
os
is
the
refract
ive
in
de
x
of
the
pho
sph
or
par
ti
cl
es.
T
herefo
re,
th
e
relat
ive
refract
ive
values
of
dif
f
us
ive
par
ti
cl
es
(m
dif
)
an
d
ph
os
ph
or
(m
ph
os
)
in
the
sil
ic
on
e
can
be
com
pu
te
d
from
an
d
.
The
n
the
phase
functi
on is e
xpresse
d
as
f
ollo
ws:
3
4
(
)
[
(
)
(
)
]
3
dif
dif
ph
os
ph
os
M
r
r
f
r
f
r
22
2
0
2
(
2
1
)
(
)
s
c
a
n
n
C
n
a
b
k
''
''
(
)
(
)
m
(
)
(
)
(
,
)
(
)
(
)
m
(
)
(
)
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
m
x
x
m
x
x
a
x
m
m
x
x
m
x
x
''
''
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
,
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
m
m
x
x
m
x
x
b
x
m
m
m
x
x
m
x
x
()
n
x
()
n
x
/
d
i
f
d
i
f
s
i
l
m
n
n
/
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
s
s
i
l
m
n
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
Dual
-
l
ayer r
e
mo
te
phosp
hor
structu
re: a
novel
tech
nique
to enh
an
ce
the
color
(
Ngu
ye
n Doa
n Quoc
An
h)
4019
(
11)
w
he
re
,
S
1
(
θ
)
and
S
2
(
θ)
are
the
angular
scat
te
ring
am
plit
ud
es
cal
cul
at
ed
by
the
f
ollow
i
ng
equ
at
io
ns
:
(
12)
(
13)
(14)
4.
RESU
LT
S
A
ND D
I
SCUS
S
ION
Figure
4
s
how
ed
that
the
re
du
ct
io
n
in
sca
tt
ering
coe
ff
ic
i
ent
of
Ca
Mg
S
i
2
O
6
:Eu
2+
,Mn
2+
at
45
3nm
,
555nm
,
and
680n
m
wav
el
e
ngths
are
nea
rly
equ
al
,
creati
ng
the
scat
te
rin
g
sta
bili
ty
of
Ca
MgSi
2
O
6
:Eu
2+
,
Mn
2+
,
wh
ic
h
is
ben
e
fici
al
fo
r
the
chrom
at
ic
per
f
or
m
ance
of
re
m
ote
ph
ospho
r
WLEDs.
T
he
an
gu
la
r
scat
te
rin
g
a
m
plit
ud
es
of
Ca
MgSi
2
O
6
:E
u
2+
,Mn
2+
a
re
a
lso
c
om
pu
te
d
by
MAT
LAB
pro
gram
after
that.
Accordi
ng
t
o
the
ob
ta
ine
d
re
su
lt
s,
Ca
M
gS
i
2
O
6
:Eu
2+
,M
n
2+
par
ti
cl
es
ar
e
great
ly
adv
a
ntag
eous
to
the
bl
ue
-
li
gh
t
scat
te
ring.
A
s
known
,
a
la
r
ge
a
m
ou
nt
i
n
bl
ue
li
gh
t
can
le
ss
en
the
e
ff
ect
of
ye
ll
ow
rin
g.
Me
anwhil
e,
C
aM
gS
i
2
O
6
:Eu
2+
,Mn
2+
par
ti
cl
es
not
only
com
pen
sat
e
to
the
re
d
-
li
gh
t
bu
t
al
s
o
to
the
blu
e
-
li
ght,
as
s
how
n
in
an
gula
r
scat
te
rin
g
a
m
plit
ud
es
within
Fig
ur
e
5. T
hese calc
ulati
on
s
dem
on
strat
ing t
he res
ults f
ro
m
Figure
6
t
o
Fi
gure
8.
Figure
4.
R
ed
uc
ed
scat
te
ri
ng
coeffic
ie
nt
of
Ca
MgSi
2
O
6
:Eu
2+
,Mn
2+
of 45
3nm
, 5
55nm
, an
d 6
80nm
wav
el
e
ng
t
hs
Figure
5.
The
a
ngular
scatt
ering am
plit
ud
es
of
Ca
MgSi
2
O
6
:Eu
2+
,Mn
2+
of 45
3nm
, 5
55nm
, an
d 6
80nm
wav
el
e
ng
t
hs
The
disc
re
pancy
in
CR
I
values
bet
ween
t
he
SRPS
a
nd
DRPS
s
how
n
i
n
Fig
ur
e
6
is
neg
li
gi
ble.
Wh
e
n
i
ncr
easi
ng
the
c
oncen
trat
ion
of
Ca
MgSi
2
O
6
:Eu
2+
,
Mn
2+
up
to
22
%,
CR
I
of
SR
PS
a
nd
DRP
S
te
nd
to
cl
i
m
b
up,
es
pe
ci
al
ly
with
the
highest
ACCT
at
8500
K,
wh
i
ch
ha
ve
a
n
im
portant
m
eanin
g
i
n
im
pr
ovin
g
CR
I
for
bo
t
h
SR
PS
a
nd
DRP
S.
Wh
il
e
CR
I
is
hard
t
o
co
ntr
ol
at
high
ACCT
(85
00
K
),
ph
os
ph
or
Ca
MgSi
2
O
6
:Eu
2+
,Mn
2+
can
defi
nitel
y
m
ake
it
possible.
H
oweve
r,
CR
I
is
just
one
of
th
e
ind
ic
at
ors
use
d
t
o
evaluate t
he
c
ol
or
qual
it
y, wh
i
ch has
recently
b
ee
n replace
d by a
new
e
r
qu
al
it
y i
nd
ic
at
or
ca
ll
ed
CQ
S.
2
4
(
,
,
)
(
,
,
)
(
,
)
s
c
a
r
pr
k
C
r
(
,
,
)
r
22
12
1
(
,
,
)
[
|
(
)
|
|
(
)
|
]
2
r
S
S
1
1
(
,
)
(
c
os
)
21
(
,
)
(
c
os
)
(
1
)
nn
n
nn
a
x
m
n
S
b
x
m
nn
2
1
(
,
)
(
c
os
)
21
(
,
)
(
c
os
)
(
1
)
nn
n
nn
a
x
m
n
S
b
x
m
nn
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
4
,
A
ugus
t
2020
:
4015
-
4022
4020
(a)
(b)
Figure
6.
CR
I values
of S
R
P
S (
a
)
a
nd D
R
P
S (b) g
row wit
h
Ca
Mg
Si
2
O
6
:Eu
2+
,Mn
2+
c
onc
entrati
on
CQS
in
volves
three
el
em
ents:
CR
I,
vie
wer
s
'
pr
efere
nce
,
a
nd
col
or
c
oor
di
nates,
m
aking
it
beco
m
es
the
m
os
t
crit
ical
ind
ic
at
or
to
assess
colo
r
qual
it
y.
As
known
,
the
CR
I
va
lue
of
SRP
S
con
ti
nues
to
in
creas
e
wh
e
n
Ca
Mg
Si
2
O
6
:Eu
2+
,M
n
2+
con
ce
ntrati
on
e
xceeds
30% whil
e
the
CR
I
va
lue
of
DRP
S
ha
s
a
te
nd
e
ncy
to dr
op
at
al
l
ACCTs
after
this
c
onc
entrati
on
li
m
it
.
This
is
the
sa
m
e
to
CQS
as
the
res
ults
of
S
RPS
a
nd
DRP
S
CQ
S
interact
ions
wi
th
Ca
MgSi
2
O
6
:Eu
2+
,Mn
2+
c
onc
entrati
onare
s
how
n
in
Fig
ure
7.
SRPS
ca
n
yi
el
d
the
highest
CQS
of
71
at
CC
T
8500K
w
hile
74
is
the
hi
gh
e
s
t
CQS
value
of
DRPS
at
m
os
t
ACCTs.
T
hus,
it
can
be
co
nc
lud
e
d
that
DRPS
br
i
ng
s
gr
eat
er
c
olo
r
qual
it
y
than
SRPS.A
s
il
lus
trat
ed
in
Figur
e
6
and
Fig
ure
7,
CR
I
and
C
QS
go
up
s
harply
w
he
n
t
he
red
ph
ospho
r
c
oncentr
at
ion
is
ad
justed
i
n
the
ra
nge
of
2%
-
30
%.
The
great
est
va
lue
of
CR
I
and
CQ
S
wer
e
res
pecti
vely
85
an
d
71
at
30
%
Ca
MgSi
2
O
6
:Eu
2+
,
Mn
concentrat
ion
w
h
il
e
the
highest
angular
scat
te
r
ing
am
plit
ud
es
of
Ca
MgSi
2
O
6
:Eu
2+
,Mn
is
achieve
d
at
453
nm
wav
el
engt
h
as
m
entione
d
i
n
Figure
5,
w
hi
ch
m
eans
the
blu
e
-
li
gh
t
s
cat
te
ring
is
be
nef
it
ed
from
the
ad
ded
Ca
MgSi
2
O
6
:Eu
2+
,Mn
con
ce
ntrati
on
as
well
,
br
i
ng
i
ng
not
on
ly
ad
van
ta
ges
f
or
c
hrom
at
ic
per
f
orm
ance
i
m
pr
ov
em
ents
bu
t
al
so
li
ght
ou
t
pu
t.
T
he
ba
ckscatt
erin
g
ev
ent,
howe
ver,
will
occu
r
in
S
FPS
if
Ca
MgS
i
2
O
6
:Eu
2+
,Mn
c
on
ce
ntrati
on
e
xceeds
14%
causin
gligh
t
loss
a
nd
re
su
lt
ing
in
re
du
ced
lum
ino
us
f
lux
w
hich
ca
n
be
obser
ve
d
from
the
lu
m
en
ou
t
put
values
of S
R
P
S and DRPS
e
xpresse
d
i
n
Fi
gure
8.
(a)
(b)
Figure
7.
CQS
values
of S
R
P
S (
a
)
a
nd D
R
P
S (b) g
row wit
h
Ca
Mg
Si
2
O
6
:Eu
2+
,Mn
2+
c
onc
entrati
on
As
a
re
su
lt
,
the
lum
inous
fl
ux
increases
sh
a
r
ply
at
first,
the
n
reac
hes
t
he
pe
ak
val
ue
a
nd
finall
y
goe
s
dow
n
sli
ghtl
y,
as
de
picte
d
in
Figure
8
(a
).
F
igure
8
(
b)
de
pi
ct
ed
a
sh
a
rp
r
edu
ct
io
n
i
n
D
RPS
bri
ghtnes
s
w
he
n
increasin
g
the
con
ce
ntrati
on
of
re
d
ph
os
phor
Ca
MgSi
2
O
6
:E
u
2+
,M
n
2+
,
wh
ic
h
is
the
resu
lt
of
a
noti
ceable
decr
ease
in
e
nergy
f
ro
m
transm
it
t
ing
li
gh
t
t
hroug
h
t
he
re
d
phosp
hor
la
ye
r.
H
ow
e
ve
r,
at
2
-
14%
Ca
MgSi
2
O
6
:Eu
2+
,Mn
2+
,
lum
ino
us
fl
ux
of
DR
PS
is
al
ways
great
er
t
han
SR
PS
at
al
l
ACC
Ts.
T
he
refor
e
,
DRPS
pro
vid
es
both
hi
gher
brig
htn
e
ss and C
QS
f
or
W
LE
Ds
tha
n SRPS.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
Dual
-
l
ayer r
e
mo
te
phosp
hor
structu
re: a
novel
tech
nique
to enh
an
ce
the
color
(
Ngu
ye
n Doa
n Quoc
An
h)
4021
(a)
(b)
Figure
8.
Lum
en ou
t
pu
ts
of SR
PS
(a
)
a
nd
D
RPS (b)
w
it
h
C
aM
gS
i
2
O
6
:Eu
2+
,Mn
2+
co
nce
ntr
at
ion
5.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
To
su
m
up
,
thi
s
stud
y
has
f
oc
us
e
d
on
so
lvi
ng
tw
o
pro
ble
m
s
:
(1
)
com
par
in
g
CQS
an
d
LED
opti
cal
perform
ance
of
SRPS
an
d
D
RPS,
an
d
(2)
analy
zi
ng
the
eff
ect
of
red
phosp
hor
Ca
Mg
Si
2
O
6
:Eu
2+
,Mn
2+
on
CQS
a
nd
L
F
of
t
hese
tw
o
structu
res.
B
oth
phosp
hor
structu
re
a
nd
phospho
r
co
nc
entrati
on
s
hould
be
si
m
ultaneou
sly
m
od
ifie
d
ti
ll
an
a
pprop
riat
e
value
t
o
ac
hieve
the
desire
d
CQ
S
an
d
L
E.
T
he
res
ults
sh
ow
e
d
that
CR
I
a
nd
CQS
go
up
w
hen
raisi
ng
th
e
Ca
MgSi
2
O
6
:E
u
2+
,Mn
2+
co
nc
entrati
on.
DR
PS
yi
el
ds
a
C
QS
of
74
at
ACCTs
ra
ng
i
ng
f
rom
56
00K
t
o
8500K
but
it
causes
a
si
gnific
ant
dec
re
ase
in
L
F.
H
ow
e
ve
r,
this
structu
re
al
ways
br
in
gs
hig
he
r
lum
in
ou
s
flu
x
than
SRPS
do
es
at
al
l
ACCTs
with
about
2
-
14
%
of
Ca
Mg
Si
2
O
6
:Eu
2+
,M
n
2+
.
This
res
ult
is
de
m
on
s
trat
ed
thr
ough
the
scat
te
rin
g
pro
per
ti
es
of
Ca
MgSi
2
O
6
:Eu
2+
,Mn
2+
inclu
din
g
the
scat
te
ring
coe
ff
ic
ie
nt
μ
sca
(
λ
)
,
anisotr
op
y
facto
r
g(λ)
,
red
uce
d
scat
te
rin
g
coeffic
ie
nt
δ
sca
(
λ
)
,
and
t
he
a
ngula
r
scat
te
rin
g
am
plit
ud
es
S
1
(
θ
)
and
S
2
(
θ)
.
In
co
nclu
sio
n,
the
CR
I
of
SR
PS
a
nd
DRPS
are
al
m
os
t
eq
uiv
al
ent
wh
il
e
the
CQS
an
d
LF
of
DRPS
outpe
r
form
that
of
t
he
SRPS
.
The
refore
,
the
con
ce
ntrat
ion
of
Ca
Mg
Si
2
O
6
:Eu
2+
,Mn
2+
m
us
t
be
s
el
ect
ed
appropr
ia
te
ly
to
achieve
the
de
sire
d
CQS a
nd LF
.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
Z.
Guo,
et
a
l
.
,
“
Spect
ra
l
opti
m
izati
on
of
ca
nd
le
-
l
ike
white
l
ight
-
e
m
it
ti
ng
diode
s
with
high
col
or
re
nder
ing
inde
x
an
d
luminous
eff
icac
y
,
”
Journal
o
f
D
isplay
Te
chnol
o
gy
,
vo
l. 12, no. 1
1,
pp
.
1393
-
139
7,
2016
.
[2]
P.
J.
Pedro,
et
a
l
.
,
“
Unique
hue
cor
recti
on
app
lied
to
the
col
or
ren
der
ing
of
L
E
D
li
ght
source
s,
”
Journal
of
th
e
Optic
al
Societ
y of
Ame
ri
ca
,
vol
.
33,
no
.
3
,
pp
.
A2
48
-
A254,
2016.
[3]
G.
He,
et
al
.
,
“
Stud
y
on
the
co
rre
lations
be
twe
en
col
or
ren
d
ering
indi
c
es
and
the
spec
tral
po
wer
distri
but
ion
s:
comm
ent
,
”
Opt
i
cs
Ex
press
,
vol
.
23,
no
.
3
,
pp
.
A1
40
-
A145,
2015.
[4]
David,
et
al
.
,
“
D
eve
lopment
of
t
he
IES
m
et
hod
f
or
evalua
t
ing
th
e
col
or
ren
di
ti
on
of
li
ght
source
s,
”
Opti
cs
Ex
press
,
vol.
23
,
no
.
12
,
p
p.
15888
-
15906
,
2015.
[5]
L.
Y.
Chen
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Chrom
at
i
ci
t
y
t
ai
lor
able
gla
s
s
-
bas
ed
phosphor
-
conve
rt
ed
whit
e
li
ght
-
emitting
diode
s
with
hig
h
col
or
r
ende
r
ing
i
ndex,
”
Opti
cs
E
x
press
,
vol. 23, n
o.
15
,
pp
.
A1024
-
A1029,
2015.
[6]
J.
K.
Sheu,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
W
arm
-
white
li
ght
-
emit
ti
ng
diode
with
high
col
or
ren
d
eri
ng
inde
x
fab
r
ic
a
ted
b
y
combinin
g
tri
chr
o
m
atic
InGaN e
m
it
t
er
wi
th s
ingl
e
r
ed
phosp
hor,
”
Opt
ic
s
Ex
p
ress
,
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Y.
Yuan,
et
al
.,
“
Exc
el
l
ent
col
o
r
ren
der
ing
inde
x
and
high
quant
um
eff
ic
ie
nc
y
of
rar
e
-
earth
-
fre
e
f
luosil
icat
e
gla
ss
for
single
-
ph
ase
white
li
ght
phosphor,”
Opt
ic
s Le
tt
ers,
vo
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-
31
25,
2016
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M.
T.
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ang,
a
nd
J.
M.
Huang
,
“
Acc
ura
te
con
trol
of
chr
om
ati
ci
t
y
and
sp
ec
tr
a
b
y
fe
edback
p
hosphor
coa
t
ing
,
”
Optic
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xpre
ss
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11576
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11585
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Y.
Li
n
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Z
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Guo,
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Y.
C
ao,
“
Stud
y
on
t
he
cor
r
el
a
ti
ons
bet
w
ee
n
col
or
r
ende
ring
indi
c
es
and
th
e
spec
tral
powe
r
distri
buti
ons:
rep
l
y
to
comm
ent
,
”
Optic
s E
xpre
ss
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3
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Bi,
et
a
l
.
,
“
Im
prove
d
eff
ic
acy
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warm
-
white
l
ight
-
emit
ti
ng
diode
luminai
r
e
s,”
Appl
i
ed
Opti
c
s
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K.
Y.
Yeh,
et
al
.
,
“
Novel
blue
-
e
m
it
ti
ng
phosphors
-
BaBe
SiO
4
:Eu
2+
:
luminesce
nc
e
prope
rties
and
it
s
appl
i
ca
t
ion
fo
r
UV
-
li
ght
emit
ti
n
g
diode
s,
”
Opt
ical
Mat
erial
s E
xp
ress
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428
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2016.
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S.
P.
Ying,
and
J.
Y.
Shen,
“
Con
ce
ntr
ic
ring
phosphor
geometr
y
o
n
the
luminous
eff
ic
i
ency
of
whit
e
-
li
ght
-
emitting
diode
s with
ex
celle
nt
co
lor
r
endering
prope
r
t
y
,
”
Optic
s Let
te
rs
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v
ol.
41
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J.
Kaur,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
UV
induc
ed
the
rm
olumi
nesc
enc
e
and
photo
luminesce
nc
e
st
udie
s
of
Sm
3+
Doped
La
AlO
3
phosphor,”
Journal
of
Display
Technol
og
y,
vol.
12,
no
.
9
,
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8
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932,
2016
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
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4
,
A
ugus
t
2020
:
4015
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4022
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[14]
J.
Xu,
J.
Ueda
,
and
S.
Ta
nabe,
“
Design
of
de
ep
-
red
per
sisten
t
phosphors
of
Gd
3
Al
5
-
x
Ga
x
O
12
:
Cr
3+
tra
nspare
nt
ce
ramic
s sen
sit
ized
b
y
Eu
3+
as
an el
e
ct
ron
tr
ap
usi
ng
conduc
t
ion
b
and
engi
n
ee
ri
ng,
”
Optic
a
l
Mate
ri
als E
xpre
ss
,
vol
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no
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5
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963
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H.
Xiao,
et
a
l
.
,
“
Red
-
phosphor
-
dot
-
doped
arr
a
y
in
m
irror
-
surf
ac
e
subs
trate
l
i
ght
-
emitt
ing
d
io
des,
”
Journal
o
f
Display
Techno
l
ogy,
vo
l. 12, no.
8,
pp
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873
-
877
,
2016.
[16]
O.
H.
Kw
on,
et
a
l
.
,
“
W
hit
e
lu
m
ine
sce
nce
charac
t
eri
sti
cs
of
red
/green
sili
c
ate
phosphor
-
gla
ss
thi
ck
fil
m
lay
e
rs
print
ed
on
gl
ass
subs
tra
te
,
”
Opt
ical
Mat
erial
s E
xp
ress
,
vol. 6, no.
3,
pp
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938
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945
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2016.
[17]
L.
W
ang,
et
a
l
.
,
“
Highl
y
eff
i
ci
en
t
nar
row
-
band
gre
en
and
red
phosphors
ena
bli
ng
wider
col
or
-
gam
ut
LE
D
bac
kl
igh
t
for
m
ore
bri
ll
i
an
t
displ
a
y
s
,
”
Opti
cs
Ex
press
,
vol
.
23,
no
.
22
,
pp
.
2
8707
-
28717,
20
15.
[18]
Y.
Du,
et
al
.
,
“
El
ec
tro
luminesce
n
t
prope
rties
of
W
LE
Ds
with
the
st
ruc
ture
s
of
Ce:
YA
G
single
cr
y
stal
/bl
u
e
chi
p
an
d
Sr
2
Si
5
N
8
:Eu
2+
Ce:
YA
G singl
e cr
ystal
/bl
u
e chi
p
,
”
J
ournal
of
Displa
y
Techno
logy,
v
ol.
12
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no
.
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J.
W
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Moon,
et
al
.
,
“
Optic
al
charac
t
eri
sti
cs
and
longe
vity
of
th
e
li
ne
-
emit
ti
ng
K2S
iF6:Mn4+
pho
sphor
for
LE
D
appl
i
ca
t
ion,”
Op
ti
cal Mat
erial
s
E
xpre
ss
,
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n
o.
3
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2,
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[20]
Li
u,
et
al
.
,
“
Red
-
blue
-
gre
en
soli
d
stat
e
li
ght
sou
rce
s
using
a
n
ar
row
li
ne
-
width
gre
en
phosphor,
”
Optic
s
E
xpre
s
s
,
vol.
23
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no
.
7
,
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A309
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A315,
20
15.
[21]
V.
K.
Rai
,
and
A
.
Pande
y
,
“
Eff
ic
i
ent
co
lor
tun
abl
e
ZnWO
4
:Er
3+
-
Yb
3+
phosphor
for
high
te
m
pe
rat
ure
sensing
,
”
Journal
of
Displ
ay
Techno
logy,
vol.
12
,
no
.
11
,
p
p.
1472
-
1477
,
2
016.
[22]
C.
Hu,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
YA
G:Ce/
(Gd,Y)AG
:Ce
dual
-
l
a
y
ere
d
compos
it
e
struc
ture
ce
rami
c
phosphors
designed
for
bright whit
e
l
ight
-
emitting d
io
des
with
v
ari
ous
CCT,
”
Optic
s
Expr
ess
,
vol. 23, n
o.
14
,
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18243
-
18255,
2015
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[23]
C.
H.
Ch
ia
ng
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Eff
ec
ts
of
phosphor
distri
but
io
n
and
st
ep
-
in
dex
remote
c
onfigura
t
ion
o
n
the
p
erf
orm
anc
e
of
white l
igh
t
-
e
m
it
ti
ng
diod
es,
”
Optic
s Let
te
rs
,
v
ol.
40
,
no
.
12
,
pp
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2830
-
2833
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20
15.
[24]
J.
Hu,
et
al
.
,
“
Nea
r
ult
rav
iolet
exc
ited
Eu
3+
doped
Li
3Ba2
La3(W
O4)8
red
p
hosphors
for
w
hit
e
li
gh
t
emitti
ng
diode
s,”
Opti
cal
Mate
rials
Ex
pre
ss
,
vol. 6, no
.
1,
pp.
181
-
190
,
20
16.
[25]
K.
Y.
Yeh,
et
al
.
,
“
Novel
blue
-
e
m
it
ti
ng
phosphors
-
BaBe
SiO
4
:Eu
2+
:
luminesce
nc
e
prope
rties
and
it
s
appl
i
ca
t
ion
fo
r
UV
-
li
ght
emit
ti
n
g
diode
s,
”
Opt
ical
Mat
erial
s E
xp
ress
,
vol. 6, no.
2,
pp
.
416
-
428
,
2016.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.