Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of Ele
ctrical
an
d
Co
mput
er
En
gin
eeri
ng
(IJ
E
C
E)
Vo
l.
9
, No
.
3
,
J
un
e
201
9
,
pp. 176
5~17
72
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijece
.
v9
i
3
.
pp.17
65
-
177
2
1765
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core
.c
om/
journa
ls
/i
ndex.
ph
p/IJECE
Optimu
m
rang
e of angl
e trackin
g rada
rs:
a t
h
eoret
ical com
pu
ting
Sa
de
gh S
amadi
1
, Mohamm
ad
Rez
a
K
hos
rav
i
2
,
Jafar
A. Alz
ubi
3
,
Om
ar
A
.
A
lz
ubi
4
, Var
un G.
Me
no
n
5
1,2
Shiraz
Univ
ersity
of
T
ec
hnolog
y
,
Ir
an
3,4
Al
-
Bal
qa
Appl
ie
d
Univ
ersity
,
J
orda
n
5
SC
MS
School
of
Engi
n
ee
ring
an
d
Technol
og
y
,
I
ndia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Ma
r 7
, 2
01
8
Re
vised
Dec
22, 2
018
Accepte
d
Ja
n 3
, 201
9
In
thi
s
p
ape
r
,
we
determ
ine
a
n
opti
m
al
ran
g
e
for
angle
tr
a
cki
ng
r
ada
rs
(ATRs)
base
d
o
n
eva
lu
ating
th
e
standa
rd
d
evi
a
tion
of
all
kinds
o
f
err
ors
in
a
tra
ck
ing
s
y
stem.
In
the
past,
thi
s
opti
m
al
ran
ge
h
as
ofte
n
bee
n
co
m
pute
d
b
y
the
sim
ula
t
ion
of
the
tot
a
l
err
or
components;
howeve
r,
we
are
go
ing
to
int
roduc
e
a
c
losed
form
for
thi
s
computat
ion
w
hic
h
a
ll
ows
us
to
obta
in
t
h
e
opti
m
al
ran
ge
dire
c
tly
.
Thus
,
for
thi
s
purp
ose,
we
firstly
solve
an
opti
m
iz
ation
proble
m
to
ac
hie
v
e
the
cl
osed
form
of
the
opti
m
al
ran
ge
(
R
op
t.
)
and
th
en,
we
co
m
pute
it
b
y
doin
g
a
sim
ple
sim
ul
at
ion
.
Th
e
r
esults
show
tha
t
both
th
eor
etic
al
and
sim
ula
t
ion
-
b
ase
d
computa
ti
o
ns a
re
sim
il
ar to ea
ch
oth
er.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Angle e
rror
Angle
trac
king
r
a
dar
s
(
ATRs)
Op
ti
m
al
r
ang
e
Ra
dar
e
quat
io
n
Sign
al
-
to
-
noise
r
at
io
(SNR)
Copyright
©
201
9
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Varu
n
G
. Me
non,
SCM
S S
c
hool
of Enginee
rin
g an
d
Tec
hnol
ogy,
Ko
c
hi, I
nd
ia
.
Em
a
il
: var
unm
enon
@scm
sg
ro
up.
org
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Ther
e
a
re
di
ff
e
ren
t
ki
nds
of
r
adar
syst
em
s
fo
r
diff
e
re
nt
ap
plica
ti
on
s
in
i
ndus
t
ries,
ai
r
por
ts,
m
il
i
ta
ry
orga
ns
s
uch
a
s
na
vy
an
d
s
o
on.
A
ty
pe
of
ra
dar
s
is
the
trackin
g
rad
a
rs
w
h
ic
h
are
a
pp
li
ed
in
fire
con
t
rol
and
et
c
[
1].
Ge
ner
al
ly
,
two
cl
ass
es
of
t
rack
i
ng
rad
a
rs
ca
n
be
co
ns
ide
re
d
as
ang
le
trac
ki
ng
a
nd
ra
ng
e
t
rack
i
ng
rad
a
rs.
O
ur
ai
m
in
this
s
tud
y
at
te
nd
s
to
the
first
cl
ass.
Fig
ure
1
s
hows
a
real
sa
m
ple
of
trackin
g
ra
dar
wh
ic
h
has
been
place
d
on
a
gro
und
platfo
rm
fo
r
t
he
fire
c
ontr
ol
us
a
ges.
T
r
ack
ing
rad
a
r
f
or
f
ind
in
g
a
ng
le
c
an
use
sever
al
t
rack
i
ng
m
od
es
(sca
nn
i
ng
te
ch
niques)
inclu
ding
seq
ue
ntial
lob
in
g,
c
onic
al
scan
a
nd
m
onopulse
(e.
g.
i
n
te
rm
s
of
am
plit
ud
e)
[1]
.
These
t
hr
ee
te
chn
i
qu
e
s
are
diff
e
re
nt
in
te
r
m
s
of
the
er
r
or
sta
tus.
So,
the
m
od
e
u
se
d
in
each
a
ng
le
trac
king
r
adar
m
us
t
be
con
si
der
e
d
in
c
om
pu
ti
ng
the
error
a
nd
t
hen
the
optim
al
ra
ng
e
of
rad
a
r.
Fi
g
ure
2
shows
a
sche
m
at
ic
wh
ic
h
e
xp
la
in
s
the
m
echan
ism
of
a
ngle
tracki
ng
ra
dar
s
.
F
ro
m
ste
p
1
to
ste
p
6,
a
ta
r
get
is
seen
in
PP
I
disp
la
y
w
hich
t
rack
e
d
du
rin
g
these
ste
ps.
Fi
gure
3
an
d
Fig
ur
e
4
s
how
t
he
blo
c
k
diag
ram
of
t
wo
ty
pes
of
ang
le
tracki
ng
ra
dar
s
ba
sed
on
m
onopul
se
an
d
c
onic
al
sc
an
te
ch
ni
qu
es,
resp
ect
ively
[2]
,
[3
]
. I
n
[
1]
-
[
3]
, it i
s ex
plaine
d
that i
n
te
rm
s o
f
a
ngle
er
ror,
two
te
c
hn
i
qu
e
s
o
f
se
qu
e
ntial
lob
i
ng
and
co
nical
sc
an
a
re
sim
il
ar
to
eac
h
oth
e
r.
In
the
ne
xt
part
s,
we
s
pecify
the
diff
e
ren
ce
s
betw
een
the
i
m
pacts
of
m
on
op
ulse
and
c
onic
al
scan/seq
ue
ntial
l
ob
i
ng
(no
n
-
m
on
op
ulse)
te
ch
ni
qu
es
.
Com
pu
ti
ng
the
op
ti
m
a
l
rang
e
of
eac
h
an
gle
trackin
g
ra
dar
is
an
op
ti
m
iz
a
ti
on
pro
blem
wh
ic
h
de
picts
on
e
of
the
m
a
in
par
am
et
ers
of
the
rad
a
r.
I
n
[1
]
,
this
pro
blem
has
be
en
re
pr
ese
nted
,
but
it
is
only
s
ol
ved
by
sim
ul
at
ion
a
nd
num
erical
com
pu
ta
ti
on
.
As
a
c
om
pletin
g
a
ppr
oac
h
f
or
[
1],
we
wish
to
so
l
ve
this
pr
ob
le
m
theor
et
ic
al
ly
.
In
ad
diti
on,
w
e
ob
ta
in
the
sim
ulati
on
res
ult t
o
c
om
par
e to t
he pr
opos
e
d
a
ppr
oac
h.
In
the
a
pp
e
nd
ix
of
this
pa
pe
r,
we
giv
e
the
rea
der
s
a
sam
ple
MATLAB
co
de
in
order
to
the
si
m
ulati
on
-
bas
ed
c
om
pu
ti
ng
of the
optim
al
range.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
9
, N
o.
3
,
June
2019
:
17
6
5
-
177
2
1766
Figure
1. A
f
ir
e co
ntr
ol trac
kin
g ra
dar
This
pa
per
is
orga
nized
as
f
ollow
s.
I
n
the
se
cond
pa
rt,
we
hav
e
a
n
ov
e
r
view
on
the
res
ources
of
t
he
ang
le
e
rror.
I
n
the
thir
d
pa
rt,
we
the
or
et
ic
al
ly
so
lve
the
pro
blem
.
In
the
f
ort
h
par
t,
we
s
olv
e
a
ty
pical
ex
a
m
ple
base
d
on
both
s
i
m
ulati
on
-
bas
ed
a
nd
the
or
et
i
cal
appr
oach
e
s
w
hich
al
l
ow
s
us
t
o
hav
e
a
c
om
par
ison
bet
ween
them
. Th
e lat
est
p
arts a
re all
oc
at
ed
to t
he
c
on
cl
us
io
ns
of the
work a
nd the a
pp
e
ndix.
Figure
2
.
PPI
d
isplay
sequenc
e to ill
us
trat
e t
he
ta
r
get trac
ki
ng pr
ocess [2]
2.
RESO
URCES
OF
E
RROR
I
N ATRS
Accor
ding
to
[
1],
the
ge
ne
ral
sta
nd
a
rd
dev
ia
t
ion
of
th
e
a
ng
l
e
er
ror
(
t
)
in
A
TRs
is
m
ai
nly
dep
e
nded
on
fi
ve
c
om
po
nen
ts
(
five
dif
fer
e
nt
sta
nda
r
d
dev
ia
ti
ons)
i
nclu
ding
a
ng
le
fluct
uation
er
ror
relat
ed
to
an
gle
no
ise
an
d
glin
t
phonom
ena
(
g
)
,
m
echan
ic
al
error
(
me
c
h
.
),
c
ontr
ol
lo
op
er
ror
(
co
n
t
.
),
sci
ntil
la
ti
on
error
relat
ed
to
am
pl
it
ud
e
fluctuati
on
a
nd
ta
rg
et
fa
ding
(
s
c
.
).
A
nd
fi
nally
the
er
ror
create
d
by
the
r
m
al
no
ise
of
t
he
rad
a
r
syst
em
(
n
).
A
s
f
ollo
ws,
we
intr
oduce
the
detai
le
d
i
nfor
m
at
ion
ab
ou
t
t
.
(
1)
s
ho
ws
the
ge
ner
a
l
form
ula o
f
t
.
2
2
2
2
2
.
.
.
t
c
o
nt
m
e
c
h
g
n
s
c
(1)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
Op
ti
m
um r
ange
o
f
angle tr
ac
ki
ng
rad
ar
s:
a
theoreti
cal c
omp
utin
g
(
Sa
de
gh Sa
madi
)
1767
W
he
re
..
,
,
,
co
n
t
m
ech
g
n
an
d
.
sc
(
s
c
.
is
zero
f
or
m
on
opulse
m
od
e)
a
r
e
as
(2)
t
o
(6),
res
pecti
vely
(
(
6) is f
or no
n
-
m
on
opulse m
od
es
)
.
m
ax
.
m
ax
v
co
n
t
a
for
fi
xed
velo
cit
y
k
for
fi
xed
a
ccelera
t
ion
k
(2)
1
11
0
001
0
005
0
002
.
,
[
.
,
.
]
;
.
mech
B
t
ypica
l
q
where
q
q
(3)
3
g
L
R
(4)
2
2
2
13
17
B
n
s
P
RF
q
S
NR
B
n
o
n
mo
n
o
pul
se
w
he
re
q
mo
n
o
pul
se
(
)
(
)
.
.
(5)
0
0
1
.
.
s
c
B
(6)
In
the
e
quat
io
ns
,
s
B
,
v
k
and
a
k
are
s
om
e
con
sta
nts
relat
ed
to
the
sta
tus
of
m
ove
m
ent
of
the
t
arg
et
and
dep
e
nded
on
tra
nsfo
rm
f
un
ct
io
n
of
the
con
tr
ol
loop,
see
m
or
e
inf
orm
at
ion
in
[4
]
.
m
ax
is
the
hig
hes
t
ang
le
f
reque
nc
y
of
the
ta
rg
et
.
B
is
the
m
axi
m
um
of
beam
width
in
tw
o
dire
ct
ion
s
of
el
eva
ti
on
an
d
azim
uth
(
m
a
x
{
,
}
B
a
z
e
l
)
.
L
is t
he
la
rg
e
st si
ze of
the ta
rg
et
a
nd
R
is t
he
distance b
et
w
een r
a
dar
a
nd targ
et
.
S
N
R
is
sign
al
-
to
-
noi
se
rati
o
of
rad
a
r
wh
il
e
receivi
ng
an
ec
ho
f
rom
the
ta
r
get.
S
N
R
is
base
d
on
t
he
rad
a
r
e
quat
ion;
we
will
discu
ss
m
or
e
ab
ou
t
it
la
te
r.
P
R
F
sh
ows
t
he
pulse
r
epeti
ti
on
f
reque
ncy
wh
ic
h
is
e
qual
to
the
in
ver
se
of
pu
lse
re
petit
ion
inte
rv
al
(s
how
n
by
T
p
)
i
n
pu
lse
ra
dar
-
base
d
trac
king
syst
e
m
s.
Abou
t
S
N
R
an
d
ra
da
r
equ
at
io
n,
we
c
an
say
that
S
N
R
is
desire
d
at
the
input
side
of
th
e
receiver
a
nd
is
therefore
c
om
pu
ta
ble
by
the
rad
a
r
e
qu
at
i
on
as
(
7)
;
for
sim
plici
t
y, we om
it
so
m
e d
et
ai
ls of ra
dar
e
quat
io
n w
hich
a
re
reac
hab
le
i
n [1
]
, [
4]
.
22
34
4
()
ta
no
ise
P
G
RC
S
SN
R
PR
(7)
W
he
re
t
P
the
m
axi
m
u
m
o
f
transm
issi
on
p
ower
of
the r
a
dar
is
,
is t
he
wav
el
en
gth
u
se
d
in the rada
r.
a
G
is
antenn
a
ga
in
of
t
he
ra
da
r
(ass
um
e
that
we
us
e
a
m
on
os
ta
ti
c
pulse
rad
a
r
f
or
a
ngl
e
trackin
g)
a
nd
descr
i
bed
by
(
8)
w
her
e
32000
G
,
an
d
L
el
a
nd
L
az
are
the
siz
e
of
the
ra
da
r'
s
an
te
nn
a
for
el
e
va
ti
on
a
nd
azim
uth
,
res
pe
ct
ively
,
see
m
or
e
detai
ls
in
[
1].
RCS
sh
ows
the
rad
a
r
cr
os
s
sec
ti
on
of
ta
r
get
a
nd
is
not
oft
e
n
fixe
d,
es
pecial
ly
in
fast
m
aneu
ve
rin
g
a
nd
h
i
gh
r
at
e
fl
uctuat
ion
, how
e
ve
r
it
is
us
ually
re
placed
wit
h
an
a
ver
a
ge
value
w
hich
is
at
m
os
t
equ
al
to
the
ge
om
e
tric
al
cro
ss
se
ct
ion
of
the
ta
rg
et
(tar
get
siz
e).
S
o
i
n
her
e
,
we
su
pp
os
e
that
it
is
a
con
sta
nt
.
Finall
y,
n
o
i
se
P
is
powe
r
of
t
he
therm
al
no
ise
of
ra
dar
'
s
re
cei
ver
w
hich
is
com
pu
te
d
by
(
9)
;
i
n
this
eq
ua
ti
on
B
is
the
noi
se
ba
ndwi
dth
of
the
ra
dar
'
s
re
cei
ver
i
n
wh
ic
h
1
B
(
wh
e
re
is
pu
lse
wi
dth)
,
F
is
the
no
ise
f
igu
re
(
NF
)
,
k
a
nd
T
are
two
co
ns
ta
nts;
fo
r
m
or
e
inf
or
m
at
ion
in
this
reg
a
r
d,
see [
1].
2
60
e
l
a
z
a
G
L
L
G
()
(8)
n
o
i
s
e
P
k
T
B
F
(9)
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t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
9
, N
o.
3
,
June
2019
:
17
6
5
-
177
2
1768
In
a
dd
it
io
n,
t
he
re is anothe
r
f
orm
f
or
r
e
pr
ese
nting
t
he
noise
p
ower
n
o
i
se
P
, r
e
fer
t
o
[
1]. I
t i
s obse
rv
a
ble that in a
sp
eci
fic
e
xam
ple,
al
l
values
of
ta
P
,
,
G
,
R
C
S
,
B
,
F
and
n
o
i
se
P
are
fixe
d,
t
hu
s
the
S
N
R
is
a
functi
on
in
te
r
m
s
of
the r
a
dar ra
nge
(
R
).
Figure
3
.
Bl
oc
k diag
ram
o
f
a
m
on
opulse trac
king
rad
a
r [2
]
Figure
4
.
Bl
oc
k diag
ram
o
f
a
con
ic
al
sca
n ra
dar [
3]
3.
PROP
OSE
D MET
HO
D
In
this
par
t,
the
pr
op
os
ed
m
et
ho
d
is
rep
resen
te
d
based
on
so
lving
a
m
at
hem
at
ic
al
op
ti
m
iz
at
ion
pr
ob
le
m
.
In
the
pr
eviou
s
par
t,
we
rev
ie
wed
al
l
detai
ls
of
ang
le
err
or
.
It
is
no
ti
ceable
that
in
an
exam
ple
with
the
sp
eci
fied
par
am
et
ers,
t
is
on
ly
in
te
rm
s
of
R
(d
ist
ance
to
the
ta
rg
et
).
Ther
efo
re,
if
we
m
inim
iz
e
the
gen
eral
sta
nd
ard
dev
ia
ti
on
fo
r
a
sam
ple
ran
ge
su
ch
as
.
o
p
t
RR
,
then
the
total
ang
le
err
or
beco
m
es
the
m
inim
um
(b
ecause
the
m
ean
of
err
or
var
ia
ble
is
assum
ed
to
be
zero
,
so
a
m
inim
um
var
ia
nce/st
and
ard
dev
ia
ti
on
sh
ow
s
the
lowest
err
or
).
In
this
case,
.
o
p
t
R
is
the
op
ti
m
al
ran
ge.
The
equ
at
ion
of
t
is
rew
ritt
en
as (
10
).
I
f
the SN
R
equ
at
ion
is to b
e rew
ritt
en
as
(11), we
a
c
c
ordi
ngl
y
ha
ve
t
as (
12
).
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Op
ti
m
um r
ange
o
f
angle tr
ac
ki
ng
rad
ar
s:
a
theoreti
cal c
omp
utin
g
(
Sa
de
gh Sa
madi
)
1769
1
4
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
11
3
2
B
t
co
n
t
mec
h
sc
K
K
s
K
q
L
R
S
NR
P
RF
B
.
.
.
(
)
(
)
(10)
3
22
34
1
4
ta
n
o
is
e
K
P
G
R
C
S
S
N
R
PR
()
(11)
1
2
4
24
1
2
3
t
KK
KR
K
R
(12)
In
(
12)
,
al
l
K
1
to
K
4
coef
fici
e
nts
are
fixe
d,
s
o
we
fi
nd
the
op
ti
m
al
ran
ge
wh
ic
h
can
m
ini
m
iz
e
the
te
r
m
fo
r
t
,
as (13).
Afte
r
s
olv
in
g
t
he op
ti
m
iz
at
ion
p
r
oblem
, w
e see
tha
t
K
1
has n
o
im
pact on t
he
.
o
p
t
R
.
1
2
4
42
1
2
3
3
42
3
3
00
2
4
t
AB
R
KK
wher
e
A
K
R
K
R
KK
BR
K
R
.
()
(13)
The
r
oo
ts
of
(
13)
inclu
de
al
l
roots
of
tw
o
ne
w
eq
uatio
ns
of
0
A
and
0
B
.
It
is
prov
a
ble
that
the
equ
at
i
on
0
A
has
no
acce
ptable
root
for
R
(
do
it
easi
ly
),
we
m
us
t
so
lve
the
equ
at
io
n
0
B
;
(14)
s
hows
the
sing
l
e
root
of
t
his e
quat
ion
.
1
6
34
2
2
o
pt
KK
R
K
.
(14)
The
ac
hieve
d
relat
ion
f
or
th
e
op
ti
m
al
ran
ge
is
a
theo
re
ti
cal
so
luti
on
.
This
rece
nt
eq
uation
is
a
gen
e
rall
y
cl
os
e
d
f
or
m
fo
r
al
l
s
cann
i
ng
te
c
hn
i
qu
e
s
due
to
the
con
si
der
at
io
n
of
th
e
coe
ff
ic
ie
nt
2
q
(em
b
edd
e
d
i
n
K
2
)
an
d
the
st
and
a
r
d
de
viati
on
of
.
sc
in
te
r
m
s
of
di
ff
e
rent
aspects
rela
te
d
to
the
scan
ning
te
ch
nique
s.
In ord
e
r
t
o have
a clea
r
a
ppr
oa
ch,
we
i
nteg
ra
te
all
d
isc
us
se
d i
tem
s thr
ough
the
Co
ns
e
qu
e
nc
e
1.
Con
se
quence
1.
T
he op
ti
m
al
r
ang
e
of a
n
a
ngle
tracki
ng r
a
da
r
f
or all
scan
ni
ng tech
niques i
s as (1
5)
-
(
18)
.
6
1
2
3
.
o
p
t
R
a
a
a
(15)
22
1
3
4
()
ta
n
o
is
e
P
G
R
C
S
a
P
(16)
2
2
9
L
a
(17)
2
3
2
2
1
3
1
7
Bs
K
PR
F
a
B
Kq
.
,
.
(
)
(18)
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t J
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&
C
om
p
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ol.
9
, N
o.
3
,
June
2019
:
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6
5
-
177
2
1770
All
an
gles
are
in
de
gr
e
e(s
)
a
nd
oth
er
pa
ram
et
ers
are
i
n
li
ne
ar
s
pace
(
not
in
dB
)
a
nd
som
e
of
them
wh
ic
h
ha
ve
ph
ysi
cal
di
m
ensi
on
ar
e
in
S.I.
unit
s.
In
the
next
par
t,
we
so
l
ve
an
exam
ple
based
on
the
pr
opos
e
d
appr
oach an
d
t
hen com
par
e it
to
the
sim
ulatio
n res
ult.
4.
NUMER
IC
A
L E
X
A
MPLE
AND
SI
MU
L
ATIO
N
In
t
his
pa
rt,
w
e
firstly
us
e
th
e
MATL
AB
cod
e
i
n
the
a
pp
end
i
x
to
s
olv
e
the
pro
blem
by
si
m
ulati
on
(classi
cal
ly
).
Its
resu
lt
is
sh
own
in
Fi
gure
5.
It
is
cl
ear
that
the
op
ti
m
al
ran
ge
wh
e
n
the
s
i
m
ulati
on
par
a
m
et
ers
are select
ed
as
Table
1
is
betw
een
5
a
nd 10 m
et
ers.
Figure
5
.
Th
e
e
rror cu
rv
e
s
hows
th
e
op
ti
m
al
range
obta
ined
f
r
om
the sim
ul
at
ion
unde
r
the
sett
ing
i
n
Ta
bl
e 1
Table
1.
Sett
ing
s
for
sim
ulatio
n
2
01
10
0
00
1
2
0
00
2
0
00
4
4
1
34
3
30
1000
1000
1
0
03
800
12
13
v
vv
B
mech
B
g
s
t
n
o
i
se
a
m
k
k
Lm
L
RR
B
P
RF
P
P
m
G
RCS
m
K
m
ax
m
ax
.
.
/.
..
.
.
.
5
10
15
20
25
30
10
0
E
r
r
o
r
C
u
r
v
e
R
(
m
e
t
e
r
)
G
e
n
e
r
a
l
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
D
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
A
n
g
l
e
E
r
r
o
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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t J
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Op
ti
m
um r
ange
o
f
angle tr
ac
ki
ng
rad
ar
s:
a
theoreti
cal c
omp
utin
g
(
Sa
de
gh Sa
madi
)
1771
Now,
we
us
e
t
he
Co
ns
e
quen
ce
1
for
c
om
pu
ti
ng
the
op
ti
m
al
ran
ge
t
heoreti
cal
ly
.
At
first,
12
aa
,
an
d
3
a
are c
om
pu
te
d by
(
16)
t
o
(18)
.
1
2
3
3
4
8
3
1
6
7
1
1
1
4
0
8
a
a
a
.
.
.
(19)
The
n wit
h usin
g (15),
we
cal
c
ulate
the
optim
al
r
an
ge
as
foll
ow.
6
3
4
8
3
1
6
7
1
1
1
4
0
8
8
4
5
5
1
0
o
p
t
R
m
.
.
.
.
.
[
,
]
(20)
No
te
t
hat
in
t
he
or
et
ic
al
com
pu
ta
ti
on
of
the
op
ti
m
al
ran
ge,
so
m
e
of
the
pa
ram
et
ers
li
ke
v
k
m
a
x
,
an
d
so
on
are
not
gen
e
rall
y
us
ed
(ag
ai
nst
the
s
i
m
ulati
on
-
ba
se
d
so
l
ution,
T
he
MATLAB
c
od
e
for
s
olv
in
g
the
pro
bl
em
b
ased
on sim
ulati
on
is in Ta
ble
2
.
).
5.
CONCL
US
I
O
NS
In
this
w
ork,
our
ai
m
is
to
introd
uce
a
co
m
pu
ta
ti
on
al
m
et
hod
[5
]
-
[
10
]
in
w
hich
we
theo
reti
cal
l
y
com
pu
te
d
the
op
ti
m
al
ran
ge
of
ATRs.
O
ur
appr
oach
'
s
res
ult
was
m
at
ched
with
the
sim
ulati
on
res
ult
in
w
hic
h
they
are
su
f
fi
ci
ently
si
m
il
ar
to
each
oth
e
r
.
In
f
act
,
m
ai
n
aim
of
the
w
ork
is
to
crea
te
an
extensi
on
f
or
the
ap
proac
hes
re
pr
ese
nted
in [1].
The
prop
ose
d
a
ppr
oach is suita
ble
f
or
e
du
cat
io
nal as
pe
ct
s too.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
M.
Skolnik,
"
Int
roduc
ti
on
to
R
ad
ar
S
y
s
te
m
s,
"
Mc
Graw
-
Hill
,
2001
.
[2]
G.
Brooker
,
"
Se
nsors
and
Signals
:
Tracki
ng
Moving
T
arg
et
s
,
"
Ch
ap.
15
,
Univ
ersity
of
S
y
dne
y
,
20
06.
[3]
G.
Brooker
,
"
Se
nsors
and
Signals
:
Range a
nd
Angle Tracking
,"
C
hap.
13
,
Univ
ers
ity
of
S
y
dn
e
y
,
2
006.
[4]
S.
Sam
adi
,
"
Lect
ure
Notes
on
A
d
vanc
ed
Rad
ar
S
ystems
,
"
SUT
ec
h
,
2017.
[5]
M.
Alhihi
,
M.
R
.
Khos
rav
i,
H.
Atta
r,
M.
Sam
o
ur,
"
Dete
rm
ini
n
g
the
Optimum
Num
ber
of
Paths
for
Rea
lization
of
Multi
-
pat
h
Ro
uti
ng
in
MP
LS
-
TE
Network
s
,"
Tele
commu
nic
ati
on
.
Comp
uti
ng
E
lectroni
cs
and
Contr
ol
(
TEL
KOMNIKA
)
, v
ol.
15(4)
,
pp.
1701
-
1709,
201
7.
[6]
M.
Alhihi
,
M.
R.
Khos
rav
i,
"
Opera
ti
ng
Ta
sk
Redis
tri
buti
on
in
H
y
per
conve
rg
ed
Networks,
"
Inte
rnational
Journal
of
El
e
ct
rica
l
and
C
omputer
Engi
n
e
ering
(
IJE
CE)
,
v
ol.
8(3)
,
pp
.
162
9
-
1635,
2018
.
[7]
P.
K.
Mane
,
K.
N.
Rao,
"
Gran
ula
r
Mobil
ity
-
F
a
ct
or
Anal
y
sis
Fr
amework
for
en
ric
hing
Oc
cupa
n
c
y
Sensing
with
Doppler
Rad
ar,
"
Inte
rnationa
l
J
ournal
of
E
le
c
tric
al
and
Computer
Engi
n
ee
ring
(
IJE
CE)
,
vol.
8
(2),
pp.
979
-
98
8
,
2018.
[8]
M.
Alhihi
,
M.
R.
Khos
rav
i,
"
Form
uli
zi
ng
the
f
uzzy
rule
for
t
a
kagi
-
sugeno
m
odel
in
net
work
t
raf
fic
con
trol,
"
The
Open
Elec
tri
cal
and
Elec
troni
c E
ngine
ering
Jour
nal
,
vo
l. 12(1), p
p.
1
-
11
,
2018
.
[9]
M.
Ahm
ed,
M.
Sall
eh,
M.
I.
Channa
,
M.
F.
Rohani
,
"
Review
on
Loc
al
iza
ti
on
base
d
Routi
ng
Protocol
s
for
Underwat
er
W
ir
el
ess Sensor Ne
twork,
"
Inte
rnat
i
onal
Journal
of
El
e
ct
rica
l
and
Computer
Engi
ne
ering
(
IJE
CE)
,
vol.
7(1),
pp
.
536
-
54
1,
2017
.
[10]
M.
Ahm
ed,
M.
Sall
eh,
M.
I.
Channa
,
M.
F.
Rohani
,
"
RMEE
R:
Rel
ia
b
le
Multi
-
pa
th
Ene
rg
y
Eff
icient
Rout
in
g
Protocol
for
Underwat
er
W
irele
ss
Sensor
Network,
"
Inte
rnationa
l
Journa
l
of
Ele
ct
rical
and
Com
pute
r
Engi
ne
eri
ng
(
IJE
CE)
,
vol.
8(6
),
pp
.
4366
-
4373
,
2018
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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S
N
:
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-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
9
, N
o.
3
,
June
2019
:
17
6
5
-
177
2
1772
APPE
ND
I
X
Table
2.
T
he
MATLAB
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