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r
ef
er
en
ce
an
d
th
e
n
ew
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
is
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
.
I
n
th
is
w
o
r
k
,
th
e
s
ize,
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
,
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
,
an
d
g
ain
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
ar
e
im
p
r
o
v
ed
.
2.
ANT
E
NNA
D
E
SI
G
N
2
.
1
.
Desig
n o
f
a
re
ct
a
ng
ula
r
pa
t
c
h a
nte
nn
a
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
to
p
an
d
b
o
tto
m
v
ie
w
s
o
f
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
p
atc
h
an
ten
n
a
w
h
ic
h
is
d
es
ig
n
ed
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
lo
w
co
s
t
FR
4
m
ater
ial
h
av
in
g
d
i
elec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
ε
r
=
4
.
3
an
d
th
ick
n
e
s
s
h
=1
.
6
m
m
.
T
h
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
an
ten
n
a
is
d
esi
g
n
ed
f
o
r
2
.
4
G
Hz
w
it
h
o
v
er
all
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
o
f
L
=
6
0
m
m
a
n
d
W
=
8
0
m
m
.
T
h
e
p
atch
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
L
p
=
2
8
.
6
m
m
an
d
W
p
=
3
8
.
4
m
m
f
ed
b
y
a
5
0
Ω
ce
n
ter
f
ed
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
li
n
e
f
ee
d
h
a
v
in
g
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
L
f
=
3
0
m
m
an
d
W
f
=
3
m
m
.
T
h
e
len
g
t
h
L
g
=
6
0
m
m
an
d
W
g
=
8
0
m
m
o
f
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
o
f
th
e
a
n
te
n
n
a.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
to
p
an
d
b
o
tto
m
v
ie
w
o
f
tr
ad
it
io
n
a
l r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
p
atch
an
te
n
n
a
2
.
2
.
Desig
n o
f
t
he
pro
po
s
ed
DG
S
/s
lo
t
t
ed
re
ct
a
ng
ula
r
pa
t
ch
a
nte
nn
a
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
to
p
an
d
b
o
tto
m
v
ie
w
s
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
DGS/s
lo
tted
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
a
n
te
n
n
a.
T
h
e
d
esire
d
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
2
.
4
GHz
is
k
ep
t
w
it
h
d
ec
r
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
t
h
e
o
v
er
all
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
an
te
n
n
a.
T
h
e
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
ar
e
L
=
5
9
m
m
a
n
d
W
=
5
2
m
m
w
i
th
s
h
o
r
ter
f
ee
d
er
L
f
=
2
7
m
m
a
n
d
W
f
=
3
m
m
.
T
h
e
len
g
th
a
n
d
w
id
th
o
f
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
o
f
th
e
an
ten
n
a
ar
e
L
g
=
5
9
m
m
a
n
d
W
g
=
5
0
m
m
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
c
u
r
v
i
n
g
th
r
ee
s
lo
ts
o
n
ea
ch
s
id
e
an
d
o
n
e
in
th
e
m
id
d
le
o
f
th
e
r
ad
iatin
g
p
atch
.
E
ac
h
s
lo
t
ca
r
r
ies
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
o
th
er
s
an
d
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
a
cir
cle
w
it
h
o
u
ter
r
ad
iu
s
R
1
=
4
m
m
a
n
d
i
n
n
er
r
ad
i
u
s
R
2
=
3
.
9
m
m
.
C
o
m
b
i
n
ed
w
it
h
th
e
cir
cl
e
s
lo
t,
t
w
o
cr
o
s
s
ed
s
tr
ip
lin
e
s
o
f
w
id
t
h
W
s
=
0
.
1
m
m
a
n
d
len
g
t
h
L
s
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
cir
cu
m
f
er
e
n
ce
o
f
th
e
cir
cle
ar
e
ad
d
ed
.
On
t
h
e
o
t
h
er
h
an
d
,
O
n
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
atc
h
o
f
t
h
e
a
n
te
n
n
a
th
e
DGS
i
s
ap
p
lied
b
y
in
s
er
tin
g
a
l
s
o
cir
cu
lar
s
lo
ts
w
i
th
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
R
g
1
=
3
m
m
an
d
R
g
2
=
2
.
8
m
m
.
Alo
n
g
w
it
h
cr
o
s
s
ed
t
h
i
n
li
n
es
o
f
w
id
t
h
o
f
0
.
1
m
m
f
o
r
b
o
th
lin
e
s
a
n
d
le
n
g
th
L
g
s
1
=
3
6
m
m
,
L
g
s
2
=
2
7
m
m
f
o
r
t
h
e
h
o
r
izo
n
tal,
v
er
tical
li
n
e
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
w
s
a
clo
s
er
v
ie
w
o
f
t
h
e
DG
S/s
lo
ts
o
n
th
e
u
p
p
er
an
d
lo
w
er
p
lan
es.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
, N
o
.
2
,
A
p
r
il 2
0
1
7
89
4
–
898
896
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
to
p
an
d
b
o
tto
m
v
i
e
w
o
f
DG
S/s
lo
tted
p
atch
an
t
en
n
a
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Slo
ts
v
ie
w
o
n
t
h
e
lo
w
er
an
d
u
p
p
er
p
lan
es o
f
th
e
D
GS/s
lo
tted
p
atch
a
n
te
n
n
a
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
Af
ter
th
e
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
an
ten
n
a
'
s
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
p
ar
a
m
ete
r
s
,
th
e
an
te
n
n
a
i
s
s
i
m
u
lated
u
s
i
n
g
C
ST
Mic
r
o
w
a
v
e
St
u
d
io
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
ar
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
:
3
.
1
.
Ret
urn L
o
s
s
o
f
t
he
co
nv
ent
io
na
l
a
nd
pro
po
s
ed
a
nte
nn
a
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
co
m
p
u
ted
S
1
1
v
alu
es
f
o
r
th
e
m
e
ta
m
ater
ial
(
DGS
/s
lo
tted
an
te
n
n
a)
an
d
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
p
atc
h
an
ten
n
a.
As
s
h
o
w
n
,
t
h
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
h
a
s
a
r
elati
v
el
y
s
m
all
r
et
u
r
n
lo
s
s
o
f
-
1
2
.
4
d
B
at
2
.
4
4
8
GHz
(
A
s
s
u
m
i
n
g
-
1
0
d
B
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
lev
el
as
an
ac
ce
p
tab
le
R
L
)
,
w
h
ile
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
h
as i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
-
1
0
d
B
b
an
d
w
id
th
o
f
v
al
u
e
-
2
2
.
3
d
B
at
-
1
0
d
B
R
L
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
lev
e
l.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
lated
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
d
t
r
ad
itio
n
al
p
atch
a
n
te
n
n
a
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
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iz
e
R
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n
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n
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n
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men
t o
f a
Micr
o
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ip
A
n
ten
n
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Usi
n
g
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a
r
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lly
.
.
.
.
(
N
a
d
a
N
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Ta
w
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897
3
.
2
.
G
a
in o
f
t
he
co
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ent
io
na
l
a
n
d pro
po
s
ed
a
nte
nn
a
An
te
n
n
a
g
ai
n
s
ar
e
s
i
m
u
lated
at
th
e
r
eso
n
a
n
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
an
te
n
n
a
g
ai
n
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
en
t
io
n
al
an
ten
n
a
is
2
.
9
6
d
B
,
w
h
ile
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
is
3
.
4
5
d
B
.
C
o
m
p
ar
i
n
g
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
t
w
o
v
alu
e
s
,
th
er
e
h
as b
ee
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
la
ted
g
ai
n
(
a)
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
an
te
n
n
a
(
b
)
DGS/s
lo
tted
p
atch
a
n
te
n
n
a
s
3
.
3
.
Ra
dia
t
io
n P
a
t
t
er
n o
f
t
he
co
n
v
ent
io
na
l
a
nd
pro
po
s
ed
a
nte
nn
a
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
o
f
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
an
te
n
n
a
w
it
h
an
d
w
i
th
o
u
t
D
GS/
s
lo
ts
i
n
E
-
p
lan
e
.
W
h
ile
t
h
e
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
o
f
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
an
ten
n
a
w
i
th
a
n
d
w
it
h
o
u
t
DGS
/s
lo
ts
i
n
H
-
p
lan
e
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
e
3
d
B
b
ea
m
w
id
t
h
i
n
E
-
p
lan
e
b
ec
o
m
e
s
le
s
s
b
y
2
o
f
r
o
m
8
9
o
to
8
7
o
a
n
d
also
i
n
H
-
p
lan
e,
a
n
d
t
h
e
m
ai
n
lo
b
e
s
h
i
f
ts
f
r
o
m
0
to
5
o
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Si
m
u
la
ted
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
i
n
E
-
p
lan
e
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
.
Si
m
u
lated
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
in
H
-
p
lan
e
A
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
p
ap
er
s
o
n
th
e
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
is
s
h
o
w
n
b
elo
w
in
a
tab
u
latio
n
.
W
h
er
e
th
e
o
v
er
all
d
im
en
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
as
s
m
aller
th
an
th
e
an
ten
n
a
in
th
ese
p
ap
er
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
DGS
an
ten
n
a
is
co
m
p
ac
t
w
h
en
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
er
an
ten
n
a
d
esig
n
s
.
T
ab
le
1
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
o
v
er
al
l d
i
m
en
s
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
n
ten
n
a
a
n
d
o
th
er
an
te
n
n
a
t
y
p
e
s
f
o
r
W
ir
eless
ap
p
licatio
n
s
at
2
.
4
GHz
T
i
t
l
e
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
w
i
t
h
r
e
t
u
r
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l
o
ss
S
i
z
e
p
r
o
p
o
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d
A
n
t
e
n
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r
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l
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y
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e
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d
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r
o
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n
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r
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n
d
C
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r
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l
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r
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C
r
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ss Sl
o
t
s
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o
f
-
2
2
.
3
d
B
a
t
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4
4
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x
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D
e
si
g
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o
f
a
M
i
c
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ra
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S
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icro
strip
P
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tch
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a
u
sin
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o
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Res
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in
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tro
n
ics
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n
d
In
stru
me
n
ta
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n
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
2
,
p
p
.
6
2
8
9
-
6294
,
2013.
[2
]
A
.
P
a
ra
m
e
sw
a
ra
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Ba
n
d
w
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En
h
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strip
P
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A
n
ten
n
a
Us
in
g
M
e
tam
a
teria
ls,
”
IOS
R
J
o
u
rn
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l
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
4
,
p
p
.
5
-
1
0
,
2013.
[3
]
C.
S
.
Kim
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
n
o
v
e
l
1
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D
p
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c
ted
g
ro
u
n
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stru
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tu
re
f
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E
M
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wa
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ts
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1
0
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p
.
1
3
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3
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.
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.
[4
]
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,
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s.
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ten
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s:
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s,
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s
,
2
0
1
1
.
[5
]
J.
G
.
W
e
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ste
r,
“
W
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En
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y
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tri
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a
l
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n
d
El
e
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tro
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ics
En
g
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g
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W
il
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y
,
2
0
1
3
.
[6
]
K.
F
u
ji
m
o
to
a
n
d
H.
M
o
rish
it
a
,
“
M
o
d
e
rn
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m
a
ll
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n
ten
n
a
s,
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Ca
m
b
rid
g
e
Un
iv
e
rsity
P
re
ss
,
2013.
[7
]
D.
A
h
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
d
e
sig
n
o
f
th
e
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w
-
p
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ss
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u
sin
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th
e
n
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v
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l
m
icro
strip
d
e
f
e
c
ted
g
ro
u
n
d
stru
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tu
re
,
”
IEE
E
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ra
n
s.
M
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o
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o
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a
n
d
T
e
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h
n
iq
u
e
s
,
v
o
l.
4
9
,
p
p
.
8
6
-
93,
2001.
[8
]
S
.
Re
v
a
th
y
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Co
m
p
a
c
t
HMS
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o
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il
e
A
n
ten
n
a
f
o
r
W
L
A
N
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p
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li
c
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ti
o
n
,
”
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stra
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n
J
o
u
rn
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l
o
f
Ba
s
ic
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n
d
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d
S
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e
s,
v
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l.
1
0
,
p
p
.
4
3
9
-
442
,
2016.
[9
]
P
.
S
in
g
h
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
h
e
u
se
o
f
d
e
f
e
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ro
u
n
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stru
c
tu
re
s
in
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in
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icro
strip
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il
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n
h
a
n
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e
d
p
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rf
o
rm
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n
c
e
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h
a
ra
c
teristics
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ter
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ti
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n
a
l
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o
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rn
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l
o
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n
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e
d
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rc
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mp
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ter
a
n
d
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mm
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n
ica
ti
o
n
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g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
2
,
p
p
.
3
9
4
2
-
3948,
2013.
[1
0
]
P
.
S
in
g
h
a
n
d
R,
T
o
m
a
r
,
“
T
h
e
u
se
o
f
d
e
f
e
c
ted
g
ro
u
n
d
stru
c
tu
re
s
in
d
e
sig
n
in
g
m
icro
strip
f
il
ters
w
it
h
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
c
h
a
ra
c
teristics
,
”
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
s
,
p
p
.
5
8
-
6
4
,
2
013.
[1
1
]
M
.
S
h
iraz
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
h
re
e
Ne
w
Ra
t
-
Ra
c
e
Co
u
p
lers
w
it
h
De
f
e
c
ted
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icro
str
ip
a
n
d
G
ro
u
n
d
S
tru
c
tu
re
(DMG
S
),
”
ACE
S
J
o
u
rn
a
l
,
v
o
l.
2
8
,
p
p
.
3
0
0
-
3
0
6
,
2013.
[1
2
]
J.
L
im
,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
A
De
f
e
c
ted
G
ro
u
n
d
S
tru
c
tu
re
w
it
h
o
u
t
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ro
u
n
d
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n
tac
t
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ro
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lem
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n
d
A
p
p
li
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a
ti
o
n
to
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n
c
h
L
in
e
Co
u
p
lers
,
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ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
An
ten
n
a
s a
n
d
Pro
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
2
0
1
3
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
3
]
L
.
S
o
n
g
a
n
d
Y.
Nie
,
“
A
n
o
v
e
l
m
in
iatu
rize
d
W
il
k
in
so
n
p
o
w
e
r
d
iv
id
e
r
u
sin
g
c
o
m
b
-
li
k
e
d
e
f
e
c
ted
g
ro
u
n
d
stru
c
tu
re
,
”
IEI
CE
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
.
2
0
1
4
.
[1
4
]
D.
G
u
h
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
M
icro
strip
p
a
tch
a
n
ten
n
a
w
it
h
d
e
f
e
c
ted
g
ro
u
n
d
stru
c
tu
re
f
o
r
c
ro
ss
p
o
lariz
a
ti
o
n
su
p
p
re
ss
io
n
,
”
IEE
E
An
ten
n
a
s a
n
d
W
ire
les
s P
ro
p
a
g
a
t.
L
e
tt
.
,
v
o
l.
4
,
p
p
.
4
5
5
-
4
5
8
,
2005.
[1
5
]
B.
T
.
M
a
d
h
a
v
,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
A
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
De
f
e
c
ted
G
ro
u
n
d
S
tru
c
tu
re
No
tch
e
d
M
o
n
o
p
o
le
A
n
ten
n
a
,
”
AR
PN
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
e
d
S
c
ien
c
e
s
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
p
p
.
4
7
4
-
7
5
2
,
2015.
[1
6
]
W
.
L
in
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Co
m
p
a
c
t
Du
a
l
-
Ba
n
d
P
lan
a
r
In
v
e
rted
-
e
-
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h
a
p
e
d
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n
ten
n
a
U
sin
g
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f
e
c
ted
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ro
u
n
d
S
tru
c
tu
re
,
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In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
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l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
An
ten
n
a
s a
n
d
Pro
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
2
0
1
4
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
0
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
7
]
M
.
M
.
A
rif
f
in
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
a
tch
A
n
ten
n
a
De
sig
n
w
it
h
De
f
e
c
ted
M
icro
strip
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tru
c
tu
re
(DMS
)
o
f
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a
d
ru
p
le
C
-
S
lo
t
a
t
W
iM
A
X
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
Au
stra
li
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ba
sic
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n
d
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d
S
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e
s
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l.
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,
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p
.
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