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1
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[
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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265
Gen
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Ot
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[
6]
,
Nib
lack
[
7
]
,
Nick
[
8
]
,
Sau
v
o
la
[
9
]
an
d
s
o
m
e
late
s
t
tech
n
iq
u
es
s
u
c
h
as
Ni
n
a
[
1
0
]
,
L
u
[
1
1
]
an
d
Su
[
1
2
]
.
I
n
ea
r
lie
r
r
esear
ch
,
Ots
u
m
et
h
o
d
w
as
b
en
ch
m
ar
k
m
et
h
o
d
s
f
o
r
b
in
ar
izi
n
g
d
o
cu
m
e
n
t
b
y
d
eter
m
in
i
n
g
g
lo
b
al
th
r
es
h
o
ld
i
n
g
.
All
o
f
t
h
e
m
eth
o
d
s
w
er
e
test
ed
o
n
DI
B
C
O
d
atab
ases
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
DI
B
C
O
h
as
les
s
n
o
i
s
e
in
t
h
e
d
o
cu
m
en
t
th
a
n
J
a
w
i
an
cie
n
t
d
o
cu
m
en
t.
So
th
at,
t
h
es
e
tech
n
iq
u
es
h
ad
to
b
e
r
etested
in
an
cie
n
t
J
a
w
i
m
a
n
u
s
cr
ip
t
th
at
co
n
tain
s
m
i
s
ce
lla
n
eo
u
s
n
o
i
s
e.
T
h
e
n
o
is
e
ca
m
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
v
ar
iet
y
co
n
d
itio
n
.
Sev
er
al
r
esear
ch
er
s
te
s
ted
th
e
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
J
a
w
i
a
n
cien
t
d
o
c
u
m
e
n
t
[
1
3
-
16
]
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
t
h
is
te
s
ti
n
g
in
f
o
r
m
ed
th
e
ex
i
s
ti
n
g
m
eth
o
d
d
id
n
o
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
w
e
ll
f
o
r
J
a
w
i
an
cie
n
t
d
o
cu
m
e
n
t.
T
o
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
en
o
is
i
n
g
m
et
h
o
d
,
DC
T
w
a
s
ap
p
li
ed
ah
ea
d
ex
is
ti
n
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
[
1
3
]
.
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
DC
T
h
as
co
llab
o
r
ated
w
it
h
Ot
s
u
,
Nib
lack
,
Nic
k
,
an
d
Sa
u
v
o
la
b
in
ar
izatio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e.
T
h
e
r
es
u
lt
s
h
o
w
ed
th
e
DC
T
m
a
k
e
s
t
h
e
m
e
th
o
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
b
etter
th
an
w
it
h
o
u
t a
p
p
l
y
in
g
t
h
e
DC
T
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
an
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
e
o
f
Ni
n
a
b
i
n
ar
izatio
n
[
1
0
]
.
Nin
a
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
s
ix
s
tep
s
o
f
d
o
cu
m
e
n
t
b
in
ar
izatio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
w
h
ic
h
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
.
Nin
a
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
ed
ian
f
ilte
r
in
g
f
o
r
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
esti
m
atio
n
,
co
n
tr
as
t
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
,
b
ilater
al
f
ilter
i
n
g
,
r
e
cu
r
s
iv
e
Ot
s
u
a
n
d
d
esp
ec
k
li
n
g
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
i
s
p
ap
er
s
u
g
g
e
s
ts
a
m
o
d
if
ica
tio
n
Ni
n
a
b
in
ar
izatio
n
m
eth
o
d
b
y
r
ep
lacin
g
m
ed
ia
n
f
i
lter
in
g
w
it
h
W
ien
er
f
ilter
i
n
g
f
o
r
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
esti
m
atio
n
,
i
m
p
r
o
v
in
g
co
n
tr
ast
v
ar
iatio
n
w
it
h
m
ap
p
i
n
g
h
ig
h
s
at
u
r
atio
n
m
e
th
o
d
an
d
d
is
p
lace
d
r
ec
u
r
s
iv
e
O
ts
u
b
y
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ca
l O
ts
u
.
Fu
r
t
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er
m
o
r
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ilater
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ilter
i
n
g
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tep
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d
d
esp
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g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
ar
e
r
e
m
o
v
ed
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Nin
a
b
in
ar
izatio
n
m
eth
o
d
2.
T
H
E
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
M
E
T
H
O
D
I
n
t
h
is
s
ec
t
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n
,
w
e
d
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ib
e
t
h
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r
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p
o
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m
et
h
o
d
o
f
d
o
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m
en
t
b
i
n
ar
izatio
n
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tech
n
iq
u
e
p
r
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ce
d
u
r
e
f
o
r
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t
m
a
n
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ip
t
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in
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izatio
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.
Ov
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et
h
o
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as
s
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F
ig
u
r
e
3
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
p
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eth
o
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
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8
8
-
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I
n
t J
E
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&
C
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p
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g
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Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
1
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Feb
r
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ar
y
2
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1
9
:
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6
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-
272
266
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Ov
er
v
ie
w
ed
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
2
.
1
.
B
a
ck
g
ro
un
d a
pp
ro
x
i
m
a
t
io
n a
nd
s
ub
t
ra
ct
io
n
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
o
f
b
i
n
ar
izatio
n
in
clea
n
i
n
g
d
eg
r
ad
ed
an
cien
t
d
o
cu
m
en
t
is
to
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
ate
t
h
e
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
o
f
th
e
d
o
cu
m
e
n
t.
B
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
at
io
n
s
tep
w
as
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
H
u
tc
h
is
o
n
[
1
7
]
.
I
n
th
is
tech
n
iq
u
e,
w
e
u
s
ed
W
ie
n
er
f
ilter
[
1
8
]
to
esti
m
ate
th
e
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
.
T
h
e
m
a
in
id
ea
o
f
W
ien
er
f
il
ter
in
g
f
o
r
ap
p
r
o
x
im
a
te
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
e
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
is
to
r
e
m
o
v
e
t
h
e
e
n
tire
n
o
is
e
o
r
o
t
h
er
s
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
t
h
a
t
s
h
o
w
ed
in
a
n
o
n
-
tex
t
ar
ea
.
T
h
e
s
ize
o
f
a
w
i
n
d
o
w
o
f
W
ie
n
er
f
ilter
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n
g
w
ill
a
f
f
e
ct
th
e
b
ac
k
g
r
o
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n
d
ap
p
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o
x
i
m
ati
o
n
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er
f
o
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m
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ce
.
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n
th
is
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x
p
er
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m
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n
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w
e
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s
ed
4
7
x
4
7
w
i
n
d
o
w
s
ize.
T
h
e
ar
ea
o
f
f
o
r
eg
r
o
u
n
d
(
tex
t)
w
a
s
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
b
y
b
o
ld
r
eg
io
n
.
R
e
m
o
v
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th
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b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
w
a
s
p
er
f
o
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m
ed
b
y
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u
b
tr
ac
tin
g
th
e
ap
p
r
o
x
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m
ati
n
g
b
ac
k
g
r
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d
f
r
o
m
th
e
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T
h
e
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lt o
f
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ti
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ate
d
b
ac
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o
u
n
d
im
a
g
e
w
a
s
g
i
v
e
n
b
y
:
=
−
(
1
)
is
th
e
n
e
w
i
m
a
g
e
af
ter
b
ac
k
g
r
o
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n
d
esti
m
ati
o
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
an
d
r
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er
s
t
o
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e
ac
q
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is
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n
i
m
ag
e
w
h
ile
is
th
e
b
ac
k
g
r
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u
n
d
ap
p
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i
m
at
io
n
i
m
ag
e
b
y
u
s
in
g
W
ien
er
f
ilter
.
2
.
2
.
Co
ntr
a
s
t
a
djust
m
ent
Af
ter
w
e
g
et
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
o
f
t
h
e
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
e
s
ti
m
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e,
th
e
in
p
u
t
i
m
a
g
e
w
as
e
n
h
an
ce
d
th
e
i
m
a
g
e
co
n
tr
ast
b
y
m
ap
p
in
g
t
h
e
in
te
n
s
it
y
o
f
g
r
a
y
s
ca
le
i
m
a
g
e
v
al
u
e
to
n
e
w
i
m
ag
e
v
al
u
e
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
i
n
te
n
s
i
t
y
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
m
et
h
o
d
[
1
9
]
.
I
m
ag
e
co
n
tr
a
s
t
w
as
ad
j
u
s
ted
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
b
etw
ee
n
tex
t
an
d
n
o
i
s
e.
T
h
is
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
w
ill
r
aise
t
h
e
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ef
f
icie
n
tl
y
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
c
s
h
o
w
ed
i
m
ag
e
c
o
n
tr
ast
ad
j
u
s
t
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
a
n
d
th
e
r
es
u
lt
g
et
s
an
i
m
a
g
e
i
n
h
i
g
h
co
n
tr
ast.
2
.
3
.
L
o
ca
l
o
t
s
u t
hresh
o
ldi
ng
T
h
e
n
ex
t
s
ta
g
e
in
th
is
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
i
s
lo
ca
l
O
ts
u
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
in
g
.
On
ce
w
e
g
et
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
tr
ast
ad
j
u
s
t
m
e
n
t
w
e
u
s
e
th
e
lo
ca
l
Ots
u
t
h
r
e
s
h
o
ld
in
g
.
T
h
is
th
r
es
h
o
ld
in
g
i
s
lo
ca
l
th
r
e
s
h
o
ld
i
n
g
o
f
Ot
s
u
b
in
ar
izatio
n
.
W
e
s
et
th
e
w
i
n
d
o
w
o
f
b
lo
ck
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
m
a
n
u
all
y
b
u
t
w
e
u
s
e
t
h
i
s
w
i
n
d
o
w
u
s
e
f
o
r
ea
ch
i
m
ag
e.
B
e
f
o
r
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
lo
ca
l O
ts
u
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
in
g
,
w
e
ap
p
lied
W
ien
er
f
ilte
r
in
g
f
o
r
r
e
m
o
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
n
o
is
e.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
id
ea
o
f
lo
ca
l
Ots
u
th
r
es
h
o
ld
in
g
is
to
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
e
i
m
a
g
e
b
y
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
Ots
u
tech
n
iq
u
e
o
n
a
lo
ca
l
w
i
n
d
o
w
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
ca
s
e,
Ots
u
m
e
th
o
d
w
ill
g
et
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
o
n
ea
ch
w
in
d
o
w
s
ize,
it
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
i
m
a
g
e
co
n
d
itio
n
.
Ots
u
tech
n
iq
u
e
h
as
p
r
o
v
en
as
a
n
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
in
b
i
n
ar
izin
g
a
d
o
cu
m
en
t.
Ots
u
m
et
h
o
d
w
a
s
d
esc
r
ib
ed
as
:
σ
2
(
)
=
ω
1
(
)
ω
2
(
)
[
µ
1
(
)
−
µ
2
(
)
]
2
(
2
)
w
h
er
e
ω
i r
ep
r
esen
t p
ix
el
s
in
t
h
e
class
an
d
µi
r
ep
r
esen
t
m
ea
n
o
f
th
e
clas
s
.
2
.
4
.
Sp
o
t
t
ing
re
m
o
v
a
l
Sp
o
ttin
g
r
e
m
o
v
a
l
is
a
p
r
o
ce
s
s
to
r
e
m
o
v
e
u
n
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
s
p
o
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Fig
u
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4
.
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x
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[
2
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=
(
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4.
RE
SU
L
T
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AL
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SI
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I
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s
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s
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in
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t
w
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: H
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4
d
a
taset a
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I
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ata
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ase
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r
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s
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o
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t
h
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d
atab
a
s
e,
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c
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n
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a
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ci
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h
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e
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a
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ch
n
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e
s
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c
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L
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an
d
Su
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
s
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o
w
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x
a
m
p
les
o
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th
e
r
es
u
lt
H
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DI
B
C
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2
0
1
4
b
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izatio
n
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
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u
,
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lack
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Sa
u
v
o
la,
L
u
,
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,
Ni
n
a
an
d
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
(
e)
(
f
)
(
g
)
(
h
)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt o
f
H
-
DI
B
C
O
b
in
ar
izatio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
:
(
a)
o
r
ig
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al
i
m
a
g
e;
(
b
)
Ots
u
m
eth
o
d
; (
c)
Nib
lack
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et
h
o
d
; (
d
)
Sau
v
o
la
m
et
h
o
d
; (
e)
L
u
m
et
h
o
d
; (
f
)
Su
m
et
h
o
d
; (
g
)
Nin
a
m
eth
o
d
; (
h
)
t
h
e
p
r
o
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o
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ed
m
e
th
o
d
4
.
2
.
Ancient
j
a
w
i da
t
a
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et
Fig
u
r
e
6
p
r
o
v
id
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m
p
ar
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o
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o
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t
h
e
i
m
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g
e
t
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at
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i
n
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ized
b
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u
s
i
n
g
Ot
s
u
,
Nib
lack
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Sa
u
v
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l
a,
L
u
,
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u
,
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an
d
t
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e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tech
n
iq
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T
h
e
r
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lt
o
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h
e
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er
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en
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m
et
h
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d
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h
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le
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to
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ab
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6
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ab
le
2
s
h
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w
s
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e
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es
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lt
o
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atio
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n
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i
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e.
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h
e
r
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lt
s
h
o
w
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t
h
at
th
e
p
r
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p
o
s
ed
m
et
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o
d
h
as
t
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e
b
est
r
esu
lt
o
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r
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d
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.
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h
e
p
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o
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ed
tech
n
iq
u
e
h
as
9
8
.
4
%
o
f
p
r
ec
is
io
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
mp
r
o
ve
men
t o
f b
in
a
r
iz
a
tio
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ma
n
ce
u
s
in
g
lo
ca
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ts
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th
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esh
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ld
in
g
(
K
h
a
ir
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n
S
a
d
d
a
mi
)
269
an
d
r
ec
all.
Sa
u
v
o
la
tech
n
iq
u
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271
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[1
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A
.
S
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,
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tan
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M
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3
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[2
]
K.
S
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o
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[3
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K.
S
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.
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Da
tab
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p
p
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.
[4
]
L
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AT
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3
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p
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6
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5
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[5
]
F
.
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rn
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IEE
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1
3
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In
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.
[6
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N.
Otsu
,
"
A
T
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e
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ro
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o
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1
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p
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6
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.
[7
]
W
.
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lac
k
.,
"
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tro
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t
o
Dig
it
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g
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ll
,
p
p
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6
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9
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6
.
[8
]
K.
Kh
u
rs
h
id
,
e
t
a
l
.,
"
Co
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
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lac
k
in
s
p
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in
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riza
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th
o
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m
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ts
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l
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o
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c
o
l
7
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4
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,
p
p
.
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0
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2
0
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.
[9
]
J.
S
a
u
v
o
la
a
n
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M
.
P
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a
in
e
n
,
"
A
d
a
p
ti
v
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Do
c
u
m
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t
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m
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g
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a
r
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ti
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tt
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3
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o
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2
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p
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0
0
0
.
[1
0
]
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.
L
u
,
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t
a
l.
,
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c
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t
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m
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a
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3
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0
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1
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Nin
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
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re
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rsiv
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u
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h
re
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p
.
3
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4
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2
0
1
1
.
[1
2
]
B.
S
u
,
e
t
a
l
.,
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b
u
st
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u
m
e
n
t
Im
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g
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a
riza
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h
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g
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sa
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ti
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g
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l.
2
2
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o
.
4
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p
p
.
1
4
0
8
–
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4
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7
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2
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1
3
.
[1
3
]
F.
A
rn
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,
e
t
a
l
,
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p
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m
e
n
t
o
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s
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4
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F
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u
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d
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5
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5
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[1
6
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7
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8
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9
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.
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(
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R),
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o
l.
1
,
p
p
.
I
-
1
0
8
4
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-
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8
9
,
2
0
0
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
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p
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Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
1
9
:
2
6
4
-
272
272
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Kh
a
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n
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a
d
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m
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ng
.
d
e
g
re
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in
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tri
c
a
l
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g
in
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rin
g
f
ro
m
S
y
iah
Ku
a
la
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
Ba
n
d
a
A
c
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h
,
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d
o
n
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sia
,
in
2
0
1
5
.
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is
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u
rre
n
tl
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a
P
h
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c
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o
stg
ra
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te
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tri
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l
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d
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m
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ter
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t
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iah
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a
la
Un
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y
.
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is
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lso
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se
a
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u
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l
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o
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g
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se
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rc
h
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ro
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p
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u
sig
),
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e
c
tri
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a
l
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
En
g
in
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rin
g
De
p
a
rtme
n
t,
S
y
iah
Ku
a
la
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
.
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re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
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in
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lu
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p
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ter
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d
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re
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r
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ra
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n
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9
9
6
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
M
.
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n
g
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d
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m
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e
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p
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li
tan
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T
M
U),
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p
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n
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n
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re
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ro
m
1
9
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t
o
1
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s
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it
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t
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9
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iah
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n
d
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tr
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En
g
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De
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rt
m
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t.
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w
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r
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In
f
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rm
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n
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m
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u
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a
c
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lt
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f
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ste
m
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e
sig
n
,
T
M
U,
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p
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n
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f
ro
m
M
a
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h
2
0
0
7
t
o
M
a
rc
h
2
0
0
8
.
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se
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rc
h
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lu
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u
lt
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T
a
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n
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In
d
o
n
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in
1
9
6
4
.
He
re
c
e
iv
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d
h
is
B.
En
g
d
e
g
re
e
in
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e
c
tri
c
a
l
-
Co
m
p
u
ter
En
g
in
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e
rin
g
f
ro
m
"
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p
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e
r
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(I
T
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)
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ra
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e
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.
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T
B)
Ba
n
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g
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n
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.
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o
b
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e
d
h
is P
h
.
D.
in
C
o
m
p
u
ter T
e
c
h
n
o
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g
y
f
ro
m
th
e
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
M
a
la
y
sia
.
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jo
in
e
d
a
s tea
c
h
in
g
sta
ff
in
S
y
i
a
h
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a
la Un
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sta
rt
f
ro
m
1
9
9
0
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a
n
d
f
ro
m
2
0
0
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n
ti
l
n
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s
a
p
ro
f
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ss
o
r
in
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e
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tri
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a
l
En
g
in
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g
.
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c
u
rre
n
t
re
se
a
rc
h
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st
in
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l
u
d
e
s
t
h
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m
icro
p
ro
c
e
ss
o
r
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se
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ste
m
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m
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o
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it
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A
rn
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re
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d
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n
g
d
e
g
re
e
f
ro
m
Un
iv
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S
u
m
a
ter
a
Uta
ra
(USU),
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e
d
a
n
i
n
1
9
9
7
.
S
h
e
f
in
ish
e
d
h
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m
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ste
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rss
it
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o
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th
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les
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S
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),
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u
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k
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li
tan
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n
iv
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,
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a
p
a
n
in
2
0
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n
d
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0
0
8
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sp
e
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ti
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e
l
y
.
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h
e
h
a
s
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e
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n
w
it
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e
De
p
a
rtm
e
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t
o
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tri
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l
En
g
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g
,
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a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
S
y
iah
Ku
a
la
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
sin
c
e
1
9
9
9
.
Dr.
A
rn
ia
w
a
s
a
v
is
it
in
g
s
c
h
o
lar
in
T
o
k
y
o
M
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tro
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o
li
ta
n
Un
iv
e
rsity
(T
M
U),
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o
k
y
o
,
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p
a
n
in
2
0
1
3
a
n
d
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u
ley
m
a
n
De
m
irel
Un
iv
e
rsi
ty
(S
DU
),
Isp
a
rta,
T
u
rk
e
y
in
2
0
1
7
.
S
h
e
is
a
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
IEE
E
a
n
d
A
P
S
I
P
A
.
He
r
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
a
re
sig
n
a
l,
i
m
a
g
e
a
n
d
m
u
lt
i
m
e
d
ia i
n
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
p
r
o
c
e
ss
in
g
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.