Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of Ele
ctrical
an
d
Co
mput
er
En
gin
eeri
ng
(IJ
E
C
E)
Vo
l.
10
,
No.
2
,
A
pr
il
2020
, p
p.
17
01
~
1711
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijece
.
v
10
i
2
.
pp1701
-
17
11
1701
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
ece.i
aesc
or
e.c
om/i
nd
ex
.ph
p/IJ
ECE
Develop
ment of
DC volta
ge cont
rol f
ro
m
win
d tur
bin
es
usin
g
proporti
ons and
integr
als for Thr
ee
-
ph
ase grid
-
co
n
nected
inverters
Arck
arakit
C
ha
ith
anak
ulw
at
Depa
rtment
o
f
E
le
c
tri
c
al E
ngin
eering,
Dhonburi
Raj
abh
at
Univ
er
sit
y
,
Sam
utpra
k
a
n,
T
h
ai
l
and
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Ma
r
18
, 201
9
Re
vised
Oct
30
,
2019
Accepte
d Nov
15, 201
9
Thi
s
rese
arc
h
ar
ti
cle
pr
ese
nts
th
e
m
et
hod
to
co
ntrol
th
e
DC
vo
lt
ag
e
of
the
boost
conve
rt
er
b
y
using
a
p
ro
porti
onal
-
integra
l
(PI)
cont
ro
ll
e
r
.
W
it
h
AC
volt
ag
e
from
a
wind
turbi
ne
ge
ner
at
or
,
conve
r
ting
to
DC
volt
age
le
ve
l
b
y
rec
t
ifi
er
,
thi
s
D
C
volt
ag
e
cont
r
ol
le
d
b
y
PI
co
ntrol
ler
is
to
c
ontrol
boost
conve
rt
er
that
sends
DC
li
nks
t
o
the
inve
rt
er
which
conve
r
ti
ng
al
te
rn
at
in
g
cur
ren
t
vol
ta
ge
to
dire
c
t
cur
ren
t
volt
ag
e
throug
h
thre
e
-
phase
l
oad
and
to
the
grid
-
connec
te
d
s
y
stem
.
For
sw
it
chi
ng
the
IGBTs
in
th
e
inverter
,
the
PW
M
signal
,
on
the
h
y
st
ere
si
s
cur
ren
t
cont
rol
,
is
con
trol
l
ed
b
y
th
e
signa
l
from
the
det
ecte
d
ref
ere
n
ce
vol
t
age
base
d
on
th
e
grid
-
conn
ec
t
ed
sy
st
em
and
the
vol
ta
g
e
from
a
wind
turbi
n
e
gene
ra
tor
.
Th
e
t
ests
m
ade
th
e
co
m
par
ison
of
result
s
from
the
sim
ula
t
ion
with
the
MA
TL
AB/S
imulink
progra
m
and
resul
t
from
the
ha
rdware
on
th
e
prot
ot
y
p
e
.
Th
e
pow
er
qua
li
t
y
resul
t
s,
such
as
har
m
onic
,
power
factor, a
r
e in
a
c
ce
pt
abl
e
ran
g
es.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
G
ri
d
-
c
onnecte
d
H
yst
eresis
I
nverte
r
P
rop
or
ti
ons
and inte
gr
al
s
W
i
nd tu
r
bin
e
Copyright
©
202
0
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Ar
c
kar
a
kit Cha
it
han
ak
ulwat
,
Dep
a
rtm
ent o
f El
ect
rical
En
gi
neer
i
ng,
Dho
nbur
i
Raja
bh
at
U
niv
e
rsity
,
59
/
1,
M
oo
14, Su
khum
vit Rd.
, Ban
g Pl
a
S
ub
-
district
, Ba
ng
Ph
li
D
ist
rict
,
Sam
ut Pr
aka
n 105
40
, T
haila
nd
.
Em
a
il
:
chait
han
ak
ul@
gm
ai
l.c
om
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Pr
ese
ntly
,
hum
ans
ha
ve
st
ud
i
ed
a
nd
c
reated
in
ven
ti
ons
tha
t
can
c
reate
ne
w
e
nergy
as
a
n
al
te
r
native
to
the
us
e
r'
s
current
e
nergy
on
this
pla
ne
t.
Especial
ly
el
ect
ric
po
w
e
r
is
widely
us
e
d
ene
rg
y
because
the
process
of
acqu
iri
ng
el
e
ct
ric
ener
gy
m
ay
be
m
ade
fr
om
water
ener
gy,
so
la
r
e
nergy,
wind
po
w
er,
an
d
geo
t
her
m
al
ener
gy
a
nd
m
uch
m
or
e.
These
e
nergies,
c
onve
rted
int
o
el
ect
r
ic
al
ener
gy,
ar
e
pure
e
nergy
and
do
no
t
run
out
of
the
w
or
l
d.
Ele
ct
ric
powe
r
is
currently
an
es
sentia
l
facto
r
in
hu
m
an
li
fe
a
nd
on
m
anu
fac
turing
processes
in
th
e
ind
us
t
ry.
The
re
was
a
con
ti
nuous
ef
fort
to
increase
the g
e
ner
at
io
n
of
el
ect
rical
po
we
r
to
m
ee
t
the
po
wer
de
m
and
require
m
en
t.
So
la
r
e
nergy
a
nd
wi
nd
ene
r
gy
wi
dely
us
e
as
non
-
c
onve
ntional
energy
resou
rces.
W
i
nd
ene
rg
y
is
to
pro
ve
it
sel
f
as
a
cost
-
ef
fecti
ve
and
reli
able
energy
res
ourc
e
around
the
world
.
Gr
i
d
-
c
onnecte
d
syst
em
s,
with
co
ns
ta
nt
s
pe
ed
wi
nd
ene
r
gy
syst
e
m
s
em
plo
yi
ng
ind
uc
ti
on
gen
e
rato
rs,
a
re
popula
r
m
et
hods
,
an
d
t
hey
ex
tract
optim
u
m
powe
r
f
r
om
the
wind
f
or
sin
gl
e
wind
s
pee
d.
Var
ia
ble
spe
ed
wind
energy
syst
em
s,
integ
rated
with
po
wer
el
ect
ronic
interf
aces,
bec
om
e
popula
r
m
et
ho
ds
beca
us
e
t
he
y
can
extract
opti
m
u
m
po
we
r,
al
le
viate
the
load
peak
i
n
the
dri
ve
trai
n,
sm
oothly
the
el
ect
ri
cal
power
out
put
an
d
su
pply
reacti
ve
powe
r
on
de
m
and
[
1
-
7].
P
e
rm
anen
t
m
agnet
synch
ron
ou
s
ge
ner
at
ors
(PM
SG
)
a
re
now
bein
g
us
e
d
instea
d
of
inducti
on
ge
ner
at
or
s
,
beca
use
of
im
pr
ov
e
d
eff
ic
ie
ncy,
m
od
ul
arit
y
and
abse
nce
of
excit
at
ion
current.
F
or
m
axim
u
m
po
we
r
extracti
on,
the
sp
eed
of
the
tur
bin
e
s
hould
var
y
acco
rd
i
ng
to
the
wind
spe
ed
t
o
m
ai
ntain
the
optim
u
m
sp
eed
rati
o.
T
he
m
od
el
li
ng,
sim
u
la
ti
on
a
nd
ex
pe
rim
ental
ver
if
ic
at
ion
of
a
util
ity
-
interact
ive
wi
nd
ene
r
gy
co
nversio
n
sc
hem
e
with
an
a
sync
hro
nous
li
nk
c
om
pr
ise
d
of
a
di
od
e
br
i
dg
e
rec
ti
fier
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
2
,
A
pr
i
l
2020
:
1701
-
1711
1702
and
a
li
ne
-
c
om
m
utate
d
inv
e
rter.
T
he
c
on
t
r
ol
obj
ect
i
ve
is
to
track
a
nd
to
ext
ract
m
axi
m
u
m
po
we
r
f
r
om
the
wind
energy
syst
e
m
and
to
transf
e
r
this
power
to
the
util
it
y
[8
,
9].
The
pro
posed
proj
ec
t
is
to
con
tr
ol
the
fl
ow
of
e
nergy
thr
ough
the D
C
-
li
nk
to
re
duce
the
reacti
ve
ene
rgy
that
is
bu
r
de
ned
on
the
cap
aci
tors
f
or
sti
m
ulati
ng
and
m
akin
g
m
or
e
us
e
of
wi
nd
ene
r
gy.
T
he
si
m
ulate
d
resu
l
ts
hav
e
sho
wn
that
it
prov
i
des
good
trac
king
powe
r
perform
ance.
The
wi
nd
pow
er
ge
ner
at
io
n
i
s
to
us
e
as
a
va
riable
sp
ee
d
wi
nd
t
urbine
that
dr
ivi
ng
a
doubly
fe
d
inducti
on
ge
ne
rator,
wou
nd
synch
r
onous
fiel
d
gen
e
rato
r
[10
,
11]
.
It
fo
c
us
e
d
on
a
detai
le
d
an
al
ysi
s
of
the
va
riable
s
peed
wi
nd
tu
r
bin
e
PMSG
w
it
h
an
i
nverter
that
co
ntr
ols
the
cu
rr
e
nt.
Mod
el
li
ng
a
nd
s
uitable
con
t
ro
l
strat
e
gi
es
for
ove
rall
syst
e
m
are
de
velo
ped
to
a
ugm
ent
the
low
vo
lt
a
ge
ri
de
-
t
hro
ugh
ca
pab
il
it
y
of
var
ia
ble
sp
ee
d
wind
gen
e
rato
r
,
co
ns
id
erin
g
r
ecent
wi
nd
fa
r
m
gr
id
co
de.
D
evelo
pm
ent
of
exp
e
rim
ental
t
est
ing
of
a
uto
m
at
ic
wind
po
wer
c
onve
rsion
syst
e
m
s
based
on
s
ynch
ron
ou
s
pe
rm
anen
t
m
agn
et
gen
e
rato
rs
[
12
,
13]
.
This
w
ork
is
to
validat
e
the
functi
onal
it
y
of
the
te
st
ben
c
h,
le
adin
g
to
a
n
ex
per
im
ent
by
so
m
e
pr
inciple
s
dev
el
op
e
d
in
t
heor
y.
T
he
ob
j
ect
ive
is
t
o
c
on
t
ro
l
t
he
loa
d
c
onnecti
on
v
oltage
s
a
nd
the
DC
bu
s
volt
age
.
Ther
e
a
re
tw
o
resona
nt
co
ntr
ollers,
the
first
con
tr
ol
is
on
the
loa
d
co
nne
ct
ed
to
the
DC
bu
s
,
an
d
the
s
econd
con
t
ro
l
is
to
m
ai
ntain
a
ba
la
nce
betwee
n
pro
du
ct
io
n
a
nd
c
onsu
m
p
ti
on
des
pite
wind
fluctuati
ons
an
d
l
oa
d
var
ia
ti
ons.
T
he
exp
e
rim
ental
resu
lt
s
s
howe
d
that
the
eff
ect
iveness
of
t
he
te
st
ben
ch
is
tr
yi
ng
out
in
rea
l
-
tim
e
the
beh
a
viou
r
of
a
W
EC
S,
s
upplyi
ng
a
n
isolat
ed
loa
d,
an
d
offe
rin
g
the
m
axi
m
u
m
po
w
er
trackin
g
poi
nt
for
w
in
d
s
pee
d
c
onve
rsion
syst
em
(
W
ECS
) [14
,
15]
.
The
pr
opos
e
d
m
et
ho
d,
with
out
the
nee
d
f
or
ai
r
densi
ty
,
wind
s
peed
a
nd
tur
bin
e
p
aram
e
te
rs,
res
ults
gen
e
rated
at
t
he
a
ppr
opriat
e
sp
ee
d
f
or
the
lo
op
co
ntr
ol
of
the
vect
or
flu
x
-
c
on
t
ro
ll
ed
r
otor
that
co
ntr
ols
the
gri
d
-
c
ontr
olled
in
ver
te
r
syst
e
m
us
ing
on
ly
.
Determ
ining
t
he
opt
i
m
al
sp
eed
al
lows
WECS
t
o
trac
k
the
m
axi
m
u
m
energy
point
t
hat
create
d
ac
cordin
g
to
the
cha
ng
e
i
n
the
ac
ti
ve
powe
r
du
e
to
the
cha
ng
e
in
the
sp
ee
d
of
t
he
com
m
and
ge
ner
at
e
d
by
the
con
t
ro
ll
er
.
Ve
ct
or
c
on
tr
ol
of
the
ge
ner
at
or
recti
fier
de
pe
nds
on
the
ref
e
rence
current,
volt
age
vecto
r,
gri
d
[16
-
18]
.
The
pro
po
s
ed
m
et
ho
d
increases
th
e
sp
eed
a
nd
accu
r
acy
of
trackin
g
at
a
certai
n
point,
by
us
in
g
ene
r
gy
and
wind
sp
ee
d
cha
racteri
sti
cs
fo
r
va
rio
us
wind
s
pe
eds.
This
f
ocu
se
s
on
the
m
os
t
su
i
ta
ble
energy
point
an
d
dec
re
ases
sp
ee
d.
Tr
ackin
g
after
th
e
ps
eu
do
point
can
i
m
pr
ove
the
accuracy
of
the
al
go
rithm
and
increase
the
tracki
ng
s
peed
for
va
rio
us
wi
nd
s
pee
ds
.
T
he
us
ed
syst
e
m
con
sist
s
of
a
sine
pulse
widt
h
m
od
i
fier,
a
re
ve
rse
side
betw
een
t
he
ge
ne
rator
a
nd
th
e
gr
id
.
The
ef
fici
ency
of
the
pr
opose
d
m
e
thod
is
analy
zed
in
m
ath
em
atics
and
exam
ined
by
sim
ula
ti
on
,
w
hic
h
is
to
fin
d
the
rig
ht
sp
ot
f
or
s
pee
d
con
t
ro
l
[
19
]
.
T
he
wind
ene
r
gy
con
ve
rsion
s
yst
e
m
(W
ECS
)
Ge
n
var
ia
ble
sp
ee
d
wind
tur
bi
ne,
with
a
pe
rm
anen
t
m
agn
et
typ
e
axis,
is
pro
po
s
ed
.
Alth
ough
t
he
co
nven
ti
on
al
-
ty
pe
in
duct
io
n
gen
e
rato
r
has
t
he
a
dv
a
ntage
of
r
obus
t
c
onstr
uction
an
d
m
ain
te
na
nce
-
fr
ee
op
e
rati
on,
a
nd
it
has
draw
bac
ks
li
ke
low
-
pow
er
-
fac
tor
a
nd
nee
ds
for
an
AC
e
xc
it
at
ion
s
our
ce
wh
ic
h
is
ov
erc
om
e
by
t
he
PMG
,
res
ul
ti
ng
in
a
co
ns
ta
nt
vo
l
ta
ge
an
d
fr
e
qu
ency.
T
he
generate
d
PM
G
pressu
re
passes
to
the
e
ne
rg
y
co
nv
e
rter
[20
,
21]
.
Conve
ntion
al
l
y
the
th
ree
sta
ges
of
po
wer
c
onve
rsion
c
ons
ist
of
t
he
r
ect
ifie
r,
boos
t
c
hopper
an
d
pulse
width
m
od
ulati
on
in
ver
te
r
s
that
re
du
ce
powe
r
qual
it
y,
resu
lt
in
g
in
overall
eff
i
ci
ency
an
d
reli
abili
ty
of
WECS.
To
re
duce
thes
e
barriers
of
c
onve
ntio
nal
syst
e
m
s,
we
pro
po
se
a
two
-
ste
p
WECS
dr
i
ve.
The
m
axi
m
u
m
powe
r
po
i
nt
f
or
eac
h
sp
ee
d
is
trace
d
us
in
g
a
se
nso
r
-
le
ss
MP
PT
c
on
t
ro
ll
er,
w
hic
h
est
im
a
te
s.
The
MPPT
co
nt
ro
ll
er,
direct
dri
ves
with
ZS
I
a
nd
si
m
u
la
te
d
in
MATL
AB/Si
m
ul
ink
.,
h
as
no
sens
ors
offer
e
d
f
or
W
E
CS.
By
co
m
par
ison res
ults with
experim
ents [
22]
.
The
researc
h
m
entioned
ab
ove
has
the
pri
m
ary
purpos
e
of
c
ontr
olli
ng
the
sp
e
ed
of
a
three
-
phas
e
gen
e
rato
r
co
nnect
ed
to
a
wind
tur
bin
e
.
This
researc
h,
the
m
ai
n
ob
j
ect
i
ve
is
to
design
a
three
-
ph
a
se
volt
age
con
t
ro
l
syst
em
that
is
gen
era
te
d
by
the
generator
a
nd
s
up
ply
the
power
to
the
load.
The
rest
of
th
e
load
,
the
po
wer
is
r
et
urned
t
o
the
gr
i
d
syst
em
.
T
his
resea
rc
h
ha
s
a
bri
ef
work
i
ng
pri
nciple
as
fo
ll
ows
t
he
volt
ag
e
from
the
three
-
phase
ge
ner
at
or
is
co
nverte
d
via
bri
dge
d
recti
fier
a
nd
volt
age
boos
te
r
to
raise
the
s
upply
vo
lt
age
to
the
three
-
ph
ase
i
nv
e
rter
co
n
tr
ol
le
d
by
the
m
ic
ro
c
on
tr
oller,
TMS
320F283
79D
f
or
the
boos
te
r
ci
rcu
it
,
the
volt
age
is
co
ntr
olled
by
the
PI
m
et
hod
to
c
ontr
ol
the
DC
vo
lt
a
ge
to
be
sta
ble.
For
the
t
hr
ee
-
ph
a
se
inv
e
rter, P
W
M
m
od
ulati
on is
con
t
ro
ll
ed
b
y
usi
ng the
hyste
r
esi
s curre
nt contr
ol tech
nique
[23
-
28
].
2.
DESCRIPTI
ON OF THE
PROP
OSE
D SCHE
ME
Con
tr
olli
ng
the
vo
lt
age
f
ro
m
t
he
ge
ner
at
or
c
onnected
to
the
wind
tu
rb
i
ne
is
gen
e
rall
y
us
ed
to
co
ntrol
the
sp
ee
d
of
t
he
ge
ner
at
or
us
i
ng
t
he
c
urren
t
con
t
ro
l
pr
i
ncip
le
.
For
this
res
earch
,
the
volt
age
c
on
tr
ol
pr
i
nciple
us
e
d
by
a
boos
t
conver
te
r
sc
hem
e
to
con
tr
ol
the
volt
age
le
ve
l
with
the
PI
m
et
ho
d,
w
hich
is
dif
fer
e
nt
f
rom
the
gen
e
ral
publis
hed
researc
h.
The
dia
gr
am
of
the
pro
posed
syst
e
m
is
as
fo
ll
ow
s
in
Fig
ur
e
1.
Wh
e
n
the
AC
vo
lt
age
from
t
he
ge
ner
at
or
c
hanges
to
a
D
C
vo
lt
age
us
i
ng
the
recti
fier
ci
rcu
it
,
it
br
in
gs
the
cu
rr
e
nt
flow
thr
ough
the
bo
os
t
co
nv
e
rter
a
nd
bein
g
c
on
tr
olled
by
us
in
g
the
PI
c
on
t
ro
ll
er
.
T
hen
it
is
connecte
d
t
o
th
e
three
-
ph
a
se
gr
id
-
c
onnected
syst
em
.
Wh
en
c
on
si
de
rin
g
the
in
vert
ers
use
d
f
or
the
li
nk
betwee
n
wind
t
urbine
s
a
nd
gen
e
rato
rs
t
hat
pass
thr
ough
t
he
boos
t
c
onve
rter
ci
rc
uit,
a
n
inv
e
rter
c
o
nve
r
t
s
the
DC
volt
age
to
AC
t
o
s
upply
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Develo
pm
e
nt
of
D
C v
oltag
e
c
on
tr
ol fro
m
wi
nd tur
bin
es
usi
ng p
r
oport
ions
…
(
Arckar
akit C
hait
hanakul
wat
)
1703
non
-
li
near
l
oa
ds
a
nd
t
o
sup
pl
y
po
we
r
to
t
he
gr
i
d
syst
em
as
m
entioned
above,
t
her
e
f
ore
the
in
ve
rter
ci
rcu
i
t
desig
n
is
esse
nt
ia
l
fo
r
c
ontrol
li
ng
e
nergy
an
d
el
ect
rici
ty
to
pay
into
the
s
yst
e
m
.
In
this
researc
h,
t
he
i
nv
e
rte
r
us
es a
curre
nt
f
low
c
ontr
ol techn
i
qu
e
.
Figure
1. Pro
pose
d
wi
nd e
nergy co
nversi
on
syst
e
m
2
.
1.
Pri
ncipl
e
s of
DC volt
age contr
ol
The
DC
vo
lt
a
ge
co
ntr
ol
us
e
s
the
P
I
co
ntr
oller
an
d
P
co
ntr
o
ll
er
,
to
en
s
ur
e
that
the
D
C
vo
lt
age
is
const
ant
an
d
the
AC
vo
lt
age
is
hig
he
r
tha
n
the
el
ect
rical
netw
ork.
F
or
this
gove
r
ning
pr
i
nciple,
the
C200
0
genus
of
m
ic
rocon
t
ro
ll
ers
us
es
the
TMS3
20
F2837
9D
to
de
te
ct
the
cha
nge
in
t
he
ou
t
put
vo
lt
age
of
the
boos
t
conve
rter
,
a
ci
r
cuit
that
is
us
ed
to
co
ntr
ol
th
e
current
fl
ow
on
th
e
switc
h
so
that
the
out
pu
t
volt
age
le
ve
l
can
be
disp
la
ye
d
as
show
n
i
n
Figure
2
.
Fro
m
Figu
re
2,
t
he
c
on
tr
ol
pro
vid
es
a
co
ns
ta
nt
outp
ut
v
olt
age
of
the
volt
age
at
the
outp
ut
of
the
boos
t
c
onve
rter
ci
rcu
it
an
d
c
om
par
ison
V
ref,
0
obt
ai
ned
f
ro
m
the
sig
nal
detect
ion
ci
rc
ui
t
and
the
re
quired
V
constan
t
.
The
volt
age
dif
f
eren
ce
is
exte
nd
e
d
to
V
error
.
Af
te
r
that
fee
dbac
k
sign
al
is
sent
to
the
p
r
oport
ion
al
pr
ocess
a
nd
i
nte
gr
al
pr
ocess,
the
n
th
e
con
tr
ol
signa
l
is
m
od
ulate
d
with
the
sa
wtooth
si
gn
al
in
the
m
od
ulati
on
.
Figure
2.
Pr
op
os
e
d
P
I
c
on
t
ro
l
le
r
The
m
od
ulate
d
sign
al
is
create
d
as a P
W
M s
ign
al
w
it
h
a fixe
d
pe
rio
d
eq
ua
l t
o
the p
erio
d
of
sa
wtooth
vo
lt
age
,
an
d
th
e
pu
lse
widt
h
changes
acco
r
din
g
to
t
he
com
par
iso
n
of
the
re
su
lt
of
the
V
error
.
The
a
m
plit
ud
e
of
this
pulse
dete
rm
ines
the
tim
e
interval
for
the
switc
h
t
o
br
i
ng
c
urre
nt
in
the
lo
op
of
the
boost
co
nverter
ci
rcu
it
.
Be
cau
se
the
ou
t
pu
t
vo
lt
age
on
the
ci
rcu
it
incr
eases
,
t
he
co
nverter
se
n
ds
the
co
ntr
ol
sign
al
to
the
ou
t
pu
t
vo
lt
age
ex
pansi
on
ci
rcu
it
.
If
V
ref
,
0
,
the
widt
h
of
the
ou
t
pu
t
P
W
M
sig
nal
de
creases,
re
su
l
ti
ng
in
gr
eat
er
am
plitu
de
an
d
m
or
e
curre
nt
of
th
e
IG
BT
.
I
f
V
ref,
0
the
widt
h
of
t
he
P
WM
sign
al
m
akes
ou
t
put
increases
,
res
ul
ti
ng
to
re
duce
the
siz
e
an
d
to
decr
eas
e
the
c
urren
t
of
t
he
I
GBT.
So
the
boos
t
c
onve
rter
ci
rcu
it
is
able to
m
ai
nt
ai
n
the
press
ure
co
ns
ta
nt,
as a
workin
g diag
r
a
m
as shown
i
n
F
i
gure
3.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
2
,
A
pr
i
l
2020
:
1701
-
1711
1704
Figure
3. Dia
gram
o
f
pr
ocess c
on
t
ro
l i
n propor
ti
on a
nd inte
gr
at
io
n
2
.
2.
Bo
ost c
onverter
cont
r
ol
princi
ple
An
al
ysi
s
of
th
e
op
e
rati
on
of
the
boos
t
co
nverter
ci
r
cuit
in
a
sta
ble
sta
te
.
Determ
ine
t
he
w
orki
ng
conditi
ons
of
the
ci
rc
uit
li
ke
a
bu
c
k
c
onve
rter
ci
rcu
it
.
T
he
analy
sis
is
as
f
ollows,
the
c
urren
t
fl
ow
i
ng
t
hro
ug
h
the
induct
or
at
the
sam
e
po
sit
ion
in
eac
h
pe
rio
d
is
eq
ual
and
al
ways
po
sit
ive.
The
a
ve
rag
e
volt
age
a
cro
ss
the
induct
or
i
n
each
pe
rio
d
is
equ
al
to
z
ero,
m
eaning
that
the
s
um
of
th
e
pro
du
ct
of
t
he
volt
age
acro
s
s
the
sti
cky
le
ad
and
ti
m
e
in
e
ach
pe
rio
d
is
equ
al
to
ze
r
o
.
The
ca
pacit
or
is
la
rg
e,
s
o
the
outp
ut
volt
age
is
const
ant,
a
nd
t
he
in
pu
t
power
is
equ
al
to
the
ou
t
pu
t
power
.
In
this
case
,
reg
a
rd
le
ss
of
the
loss
due
to
work,
al
l
dev
ic
es
are ideal,
thu
s
c
on
cl
ud
in
g
that
th
e
eff
ic
ie
ncy
of
the
ci
rcu
it
is
one
hund
red
per
c
ent
.
Fig
ur
e 4
,
wh
il
e
the s
witc
h
c
ondu
ct
s
the c
urre
nt
, fr
om
the
physi
cal
q
ualit
y
o
f
in
duct
or,
we
can
wr
it
e
the
e
qu
at
io
n
a
s in
(1
-
3).
Figure
4. Bo
ost
co
nve
rter c
on
trol circ
uit
0
L
S
V
V
(1)
dt
di
L
V
V
L
S
L
(2)
L
V
dt
di
S
L
(3)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Develo
pm
e
nt
of
D
C v
oltag
e
c
on
tr
ol fro
m
wi
nd tur
bin
es
usi
ng p
r
oport
ions
…
(
Arckar
akit C
hait
hanakul
wat
)
1705
W
h
i
l
e
t
h
e
s
w
i
t
c
h
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
s
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
T
di
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
c
o
n
s
t
a
n
t
c
h
a
n
g
e
o
f
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
o
f
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
a
s
l
i
n
e
a
r
,
t
h
e
e
q
u
a
t
i
o
n
f
o
l
l
o
w
s
:
L
V
T
i
t
i
S
L
L
(4)
L
T
V
i
S
on
L
,
(5)
on
L
i
,
Me
ans
the r
at
e o
f
chan
ge
of
elec
tric
it
y i
n
the ind
uctor
w
hile t
he
switc
h
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
s
the
cur
ren
t.
W
h
i
l
e
t
h
e
s
w
i
t
c
h
d
o
e
s
n
o
t
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
,
t
he
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
i
n
t
h
e
i
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
c
a
n
n
o
t
c
h
a
n
g
e
i
m
m
e
d
i
a
t
e
l
y
.
T
h
e
d
i
o
d
e
f
o
r
w
a
r
d
i
n
g
i
n
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
i
n
g
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
,
so
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
f
l
o
w
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
i
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
o
u
s
l
y
.
A
s
s
u
m
i
n
g
t
h
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
a
t
t
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
s
i
d
e
i
s
c
o
n
s
t
a
n
t
,
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
K
i
r
c
h
h
o
f
f'
s
l
a
w
,
w
e
c
a
n
w
r
i
t
e
t
h
e
e
q
u
a
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
a
c
r
o
s
s
t
h
e
i
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
a
s
i
n
(
6
-
8
).
0
o
L
S
V
V
V
(6)
dt
di
L
V
L
L
(7)
L
V
V
dt
di
o
S
L
(8)
W
hile
the
switc
h
do
es
no
t
con
du
ct
the
cur
ren
t
T
D
dt
)
1
(
,
t
he
rate
of
chan
ge
of
the
cur
ren
t
flow
ing
thr
ou
gh
the ind
uctor
is con
sta
nt.
The
decr
ease i
n
the cu
rr
ent is li
near
, allowing
the n
ew
equ
at
ion
is
T
D
L
V
V
i
o
S
o
f
f
L
)
1
(
,
(9)
The
c
onsta
nt
sta
te
of
cha
ng
e
in
t
he
c
urre
nt
fl
ow
i
ng
th
r
ough
al
l
the
inducto
rs
is
eq
ua
l
to
zer
o,
f
ro
m
the (5)
and
(
9)
,
w
e
ca
n w
rite
a n
e
w
(10).
0
,
,
o
f
f
L
on
L
i
i
(10)
2.
3.
P
ower co
nt
r
ol met
hod
w
ith h
ystere
si
s
The
three
-
ph
ase
inv
erter
is
us
ed
fo
r
the
con
necti
on
between
wind
turb
ines
and
gen
erator
s
thro
ug
h
the
bo
os
t
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
ci
rcu
it
to
su
pp
ly
no
n
-
li
near
loads
and
to
con
nect
to
the
gr
id.
T
h
e
sel
ect
ion
of
inv
erters
is
essenti
al
in
con
trolli
ng
t
h
e
po
wer
pr
ov
ided
to
the
syst
em
.
In
this
research
,
con
trol
m
et
ho
ds
us
e
the
cur
ren
t
flow
con
trol
te
chn
iqu
e
.
T
h
i
s
m
e
t
h
o
d
c
a
n
r
e
t
u
r
n
e
n
e
r
g
y
t
o
t
h
e
g
r
i
d
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
i
g
n
a
l
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
s
o
f
a
s
i
n
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
i
g
n
a
l
(
V
ref
1
,
2
,
3
),
a cu
rr
ent r
eferen
ce sign
al
f
low
to the n
et
wo
rk
(
I
ref
1
,
2
,
3
),
an
d
the o
utp
ut v
oltage ref
eren
c
e
sign
al
of
the
gen
erator
(
V
ref
).
All
three
par
ts
are
j
us
t
a
ref
eren
ce
sign
al
th
at
gen
erates
sign
al
s,
to
create
the
PW
M
sign
al
fo
r
the
switc
h
to
the
hyste
resis
cur
ren
t
con
trol
fo
r
the
inv
erter
with
a
diagr
am
of
the p
rinciple as sh
ow
n
in Fig
ur
e 5
.
2.4
.
Pri
ncipl
e
s of feedb
ack
control s
yste
ms
Ty
pes
of
con
trols
that
are
com
m
on
in
ind
us
tria
l
app
li
cat
ion
s
gen
erall
y
con
sist
of
Pr
op
or
ti
on
al
-
integral
-
der
ivati
ves
(P
ID
con
trolle
r)
and
the
discrete
ou
tpu
t
con
trolle
r
is
a
widely
us
ed
feed
back
con
trol
syst
em
.
The
us
ed
value
in
the
cal
culat
ion
is
the
err
or
value
der
ived
fr
om
the
diff
eren
c
e
in
the
pr
ocess
var
ia
bles
and
the
desired
am
ou
nt
to
the
m
inim
um
by
adj
us
ti
ng
the
inp
ut
sign
al
value
of
the
pr
ocess.
The
nu
m
ber
of
var
ia
nts
of
the
us
ed
PI
D
m
us
t
chan
ge
accord
ing
to
the
natur
e
of
the
syst
em
.
The
cal
culat
ion
m
et
ho
d
of
the
PI
D
dep
end
s
on
thr
ee
var
ia
bles:
the
pr
op
or
ti
on
,
integrals,
and
der
ivati
ves.
The
resu
lt
of
the
cur
ren
t
err
or
determ
ines
the
equ
al
values
,
and
the
integral
value
de
te
rm
ined
by
the
resu
lt
based
on
the
su
m
of
the
m
ist
akes
wh
ic
h
j
us
t
passed
,
and
the
der
ivati
ve
value
based
on
the
chan
ge
rate
of
the
err
or
value,
the
weigh
t
resu
lt
ing
fr
om
these
three
com
bin
at
ion
s
m
us
t
us
e
t
o
adj
us
t
the
pr
ocess.
Ad
j
us
ti
ng
the
con
sta
nts
in
the
PI
D
The
con
trolle
r
can
chan
ge
the
con
trol
patte
rn
to
su
it
the
pr
ocess
req
ui
rem
ents,
the
resp
on
se
of
the
con
tr
oller
is
in
the
fo
rm
of
the
con
trol
of
the
bo
dy
un
ti
l
the
err
or
(o
ver
sh
oo
ts)
and
syst
em
swin
g
(o
sci
ll
at
ion
).
The
PI
D
m
et
ho
d
do
es
no
t
gu
aran
te
e
that
it
is
the
m
os
t
app
ro
pr
ia
te
con
trol
syst
em
or
can
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S
N
:
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8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
2
,
A
pr
i
l
2020
:
1701
-
1711
1706
m
ake
the
pr
ocess
sta
ble.
Ap
plica
ti
on
s
m
ay
so
m
et
im
es
us
e
on
l
y
on
e
to
two
fo
rm
s
dep
end
ing
on
the
pr
ocess.
So
m
et
im
es
PI
Ds
are
ref
err
ed
to
as
PI
,
PD
,
P
or
I
con
trol
dep
end
ing
on
the
im
plem
entat
ion
.
Fo
r
this
research
,
the
PI
m
us
t
be
us
ed
to
con
trol
the
vo
lt
age
of
the
bo
os
t
con
ver
te
r;
the
pr
op
or
ti
on
al
resp
on
se
can
m
ake
by
m
ulti
plyi
ng
the
err
or
with
the
K
p
con
sta
nt,
al
so
kn
ow
n
as
the
m
agn
ific
at
ion
rati
o.
Fo
r
integrati
ve
te
rm
s,
the
pr
op
or
ti
on
of
err
or
siz
e
and
du
rati
on
of
fail
ur
e,
the
su
m
of
err
or
s
in
ever
y
per
iod
m
us
t
giv
e
the
accum
ulate
d
of
fset
that
sh
ou
ld
be
in
the
pr
eviou
s.
The
cum
ulati
ve
err
or
is
m
ulti
plied
by
the
integrati
on
rate. Th
e integrati
on
r
at
e
K
i
determ
ines the size of
the r
esult of
the integr
al
term
, as
in
F
igu
re 2
.
Figure
5. Dia
gra
m
o
f
t
he
cal
cu
la
ti
on
re
fer
e
nc
e cu
rr
e
nt
3.
RESU
LT
S
A
ND
DISCU
S
SION
In
this
resea
rc
h,
boost
co
nve
rter
te
st,
f
ull
s
yst
e
m
pr
ot
otyp
e
te
sti
ng
an
d
non
-
li
near
loa
d
te
sti
ng
a
re
as
fo
ll
ows.
For
te
sti
ng
,
a
bo
ost
conver
te
r
use
s
pro
portio
nal
and
i
nteg
ral
con
t
ro
l
te
ch
niqu
es
to
co
ntr
ol
V
DC
vo
lt
age
le
vels.
The
te
st
perf
or
m
ed
by
m
ain
ta
inin
g
a
co
nst
ant
volt
age
in
co
ndit
ion
s
a
s
var
yi
ng
the
input
vo
lt
age
from
wind
tur
bin
es
or
Vw
i
nd
generator
s
an
d
as
increasin
g
the
nu
m
ber
of
lo
ads,
the
te
st
r
esults
sh
ow
n
in
F
i
gur
e 6
(a) an
d (
b)
.
(a)
(b)
Figure
6. Bo
ost
Conver
te
r
te
s
ti
ng
us
in
g PI
te
chn
i
qu
e
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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t J
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om
p
En
g
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S
N:
20
88
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8708
Develo
pm
e
nt
of
D
C v
oltag
e
c
on
tr
ol fro
m
wi
nd tur
bin
es
usi
ng p
r
oport
ions
…
(
Arckar
akit C
hait
hanakul
wat
)
1707
Ba
sed
on
the
t
est
resu
lt
s
f
rom
F
igu
re
6.
(a),
we
fou
nd
t
hat
the
boost
co
nverter
ci
rcu
it
is
con
t
ro
ll
e
d
by
the
pro
portion
al
a
nd
i
nte
gr
al
c
on
t
ro
l
te
chn
i
qu
e
s
with
cha
ng
i
ng
c
on
diti
on
s
,
in
pu
t
vo
lt
age
ra
ng
i
ng
ca
n
con
t
ro
l
c
onsta
nt
volt
age
an
d
the
sig
nal
rip
ple
is
not
m
or
e
t
han
5
%.
Ba
se
d
on
the
te
st
re
su
lt
s
f
ro
m
F
ig
ur
e
6.
(b),
wh
il
e
c
ha
ng
i
ng
c
onditi
ons
of
loa
d,
it
can
co
ntr
ol
th
e
vo
lt
a
ge
le
vel
as
nee
ded.
Te
sti
ng
of
t
hr
ee
-
ph
a
se
inv
e
rters
c
on
t
r
ols
the
c
urren
t by
us
i
ng
a h
yst
eresis
co
ntr
ol
te
chn
i
qu
e
,
a
nd
b
y
te
sti
ng
the
c
urren
t
am
plit
ud
e
t
o
su
pply
po
wer
t
o
the
t
hr
ee
-
phase
gri
d
-
c
onne
ct
ed
syst
em
.
T
he
prototype
s
chem
e
in
F
ig
ur
e
7,
i
n
t
he
c
ase
of
vo
lt
age
cha
ng
es
on
the
i
nput
side
of
a
wind
t
urbine
or
gen
e
rato
r
siz
e,
te
st
resu
lt
s
s
howe
d
t
hat
the
three
-
ph
a
se
inv
e
rter
ci
rcu
it
,
with
cu
rr
e
nt
con
t
ro
l
usi
ng
a
hyste
ric
al
con
tr
ol
te
chn
iq
ue,
can
inc
r
ease
the
curren
t
siz
e
for
sup
plyi
ng
powe
r
to
the
e
le
ct
rical
network
syst
em
accord
i
ng
to
t
he
ch
ang
e
of
i
nput
vo
lt
age
from
wind
tur
bin
es
or
generator
s.
This
research
,
pr
esented
abo
ve
,
create
s
a
pr
oto
ty
pe
and
te
st
the
vo
lt
age
con
trol
syst
em
of
the
bo
os
t
con
ver
te
r
ci
rcu
it
us
ing
pr
op
or
ti
on
al
and
integral
con
trol
te
chn
iqu
es.
In
cl
ud
ing
,
check
ing
the
cur
ren
t
con
trol
of
the
three
-
ph
ase
inv
erter
ci
rcu
it
,
us
ing
a
cur
ren
t
con
trol
te
chn
iqu
e
hyste
resis
to
su
pp
ly
no
n
-
li
near
load
tog
et
her
with
the
po
wer
su
pp
ly
into
the
gr
id
-
con
nected
syst
em
.
Fr
om
the
com
par
ison
of
sim
ulati
on
resu
lt
s
with
pr
og
ram
s
,
MATLAB/Si
m
ulink
with
the
sam
ple
ti
m
e
of
10
s
are
sh
ow
n
in
F
igu
re
8
(a)
and
(b
).
F
igu
re
8
(a)
is
sh
ow
n
chan
ges
in
vo
lt
age
and
the
am
plit
ud
e
of
the
cur
ren
t
flow
fo
r
te
sti
ng
the
integrated
syst
em
.
It
m
us
t
be
te
ste
d
us
ing
wind
turb
ines
or
gen
erator
s.
It
is
us
ing
the
bo
os
t
con
ver
te
r
ci
rcu
it
to
m
ai
ntain
the
vo
lt
age
le
vel
and
to
us
e
the
3
-
ph
ase
inv
erter
ci
rcu
it
to
su
pp
ly
po
wer
to
the
gr
id.
T
he
vo
lt
age
fr
om
the
wind
turb
ine,
there
m
us
t
be
chan
ges
to
adj
us
t
the
siz
e
of
the
cur
ren
t
to
the
gr
id,
accord
ing
to
the
pr
op
or
ti
on
of
the
te
ns
ion
and
m
ai
ntain
a
con
sta
nt
DC
bu
s
vo
lt
age.
Fr
om
the
syst
em
te
st
in
F
igu
re
8
(b
),
it
was
fo
un
d
that
the
bo
os
t
con
ver
te
r
ci
rcu
it
cou
ld
m
ai
ntain
the
vo
lt
age
le
vel
hig
her
than
the
fixed
gr
id,
and
will
able
to
adj
us
t
the
am
plit
ud
e
of
the
gr
id
-
con
nected
accord
ing
to
the
po
wer
of
the
wind
turb
ine
pr
od
uced
the sign
al
.
(a)
(b)
Figur
e
7. The
c
urren
t
gri
d
-
c
on
nected
(a)
(b)
Figure
8. Cha
nges i
n vo
lt
age
and cu
rr
e
nt siz
e
Ba
sed
on
the
t
est
resu
lt
s,
Fi
gure
9
an
d
Fi
gure
10,
f
ound
that
the
three
-
ph
a
se
inve
rter
ci
rcu
it
with
current
c
on
t
ro
l
us
in
g
the
hyste
rical
con
t
ro
l t
echn
i
qu
e
, it c
an
increase the c
urren
t si
ze o
f
the po
wer
s
uppl
y i
nto
the
powe
r
net
work
syst
em
,
ac
cordin
g
to
t
he
cha
nge
of
i
nput
volt
age
f
r
om
wind
tur
bi
nes,
a
nd
t
he
va
lue
of
THD
i
s
is
re
duced
acc
ordin
g
to
the
inc
rea
sing
cu
rr
e
nt
si
ze
as
sim
ulated
in
MATL
A
B/
Si
m
ulink
.
S
yst
e
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
2
,
A
pr
i
l
2020
:
1701
-
1711
1708
t
est
ing
with
t
he
non
-
li
near
lo
ad
m
us
t
be
a
non
-
li
near
l
oad
with
the
gr
i
d,
wh
ic
h
the
th
re
e
-
phase
el
ect
ri
c
wind
tur
bin
e
c
onnec
ti
on
syst
em
m
us
t
hel
p
t
he
powe
r
gr
i
d
s
upply
the
non
-
li
ne
ar
loa
d
t
og
et
her
with
t
he
powe
r
at
the
wind
tur
bi
ne
or
the
ge
ne
rator
ca
n
pro
duce
the
outp
ut
.
Also,
this
syst
e
m
helps
to
so
lve
the
harm
on
ic
pro
blem
s that o
ccu
r
i
n
the
syst
e
m
, d
epe
ndin
g
on the e
ne
rgy
r
ecei
ve
d
a
nd
te
sti
ng
wi
th
non
-
li
nea
r
lo
ads
.
(a)
(b)
Figure
9. Disto
rtion o
f
c
urren
t
sim
ulate
d
in MATLA
B/
Sim
ulink
(a)
(b)
Figure
10. Dist
or
ti
on
of the
cu
rr
e
nt
pr
oto
ty
pe
Figure
11
(a
)
a
nd
(
b)
ba
sed
on
syst
em
te
st
resu
lt
s
an
d
sim
ulati
on
res
ults
in
MAT
LAB/S
i
m
ulink
a
nd
com
par
e
with
Figure
12
(a)
a
nd
(
b)
,
we
fou
nd
t
hat
the
loa
d
cu
rr
e
nt
can
be
us
e
d
to
pay
f
or
t
he
loa
d
inst
ead
of
the
gri
d
a
nd
c
an
s
upply
po
w
er
to
e
nter
t
he
syst
e
m
with
the
low
disto
rtio
n
of
T
H
D
i
s
wa
vefor
m
s.
Fig
ure
13,
it
was
sh
ow
n
that
the
load
current
a
nd
c
urre
nt
gr
i
d
-
c
on
nected
to
c
ontrol
by
c
onditi
on
s
,
L
s
c
i
i
i
in
the case
of a st
ep
loa
d
te
st.
(a)
Figure
11. C
urren
t
disto
rtion
in the n
on
-
li
ne
ar
loa
d from
M
ATL
AB/Si
m
ul
ink
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Develo
pm
e
nt
of
D
C v
oltag
e
c
on
tr
ol fro
m
wi
nd tur
bin
es
usi
ng p
r
oport
ions
…
(
Arckar
akit C
hait
hanakul
wat
)
1709
(b)
Figure
11. C
urren
t
disto
rtion
in the n
on
-
li
ne
ar lo
a
d from
M
ATL
AB/Si
m
ul
ink
(
c
on
ti
nue
)
(
a)
(b)
Fig
ure
12. C
urren
t
disto
rtion
s
i
in no
n
-
li
nea
r
l
oad f
ro
m
the
prot
otype
Figure
13.
Te
st res
ults
f
or no
n
-
li
near
l
oa
d
ste
p
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
2
,
A
pr
i
l
2020
:
1701
-
1711
1710
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
Ba
sed
on
the
above
resea
rc
h
is
fo
und
that
the
boos
t
co
nverter
ci
rcu
it
is
to
m
ai
ntain
volt
age
le
vels
and
c
on
tr
ol
on
the
th
ree
-
phase
inve
rter
ci
rc
uit
for
powe
r
tr
a
ns
m
issi
on
into
the
3
-
ph
a
se
power
net
wor
k
s
yst
e
m
for
wi
nd
tu
r
bin
es
an
d
to
a
ble
to
track
the
powe
r
from
the
wind
tur
bin
e
.
The
Bo
os
t
C
onve
rter
ci
rc
uit
has
a
sig
nal
ri
pp
le
in
case,
the
re
i
s
a
c
hange
i
n
t
he
in
put
volt
ag
e
not
m
or
e
tha
n
5%.
Als
o,
f
or
the
po
wer
supp
ly
,
the
T
HD
i
val
ue
is
re
du
ce
d
by
decr
e
asi
ng
th
e
siz
e
of
the
c
urren
t
t
o
the
el
ect
rici
ty
netw
ork.
M
or
e
over,
we
fou
nd
that
the
loa
d
cu
r
ren
t
ca
n
be
m
od
ifie
d
to
s
olv
e
t
he
har
m
o
nics
in
t
he
syst
e
m
according
t
o
the
c
onditi
on
s
and
the
ave
ra
ge
syst
em
eff
ic
ie
ncy
is
87.
25%,
incl
ud
i
ng
t
he
a
ver
a
ge
dis
tortio
n
of
the
current
w
ave
f
or
m
in
th
e orde
r,
is
not
m
or
e than
5%.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
This
work
was
suppo
rted
by
the
Dho
nbur
i
R
ajabhat
Un
i
versi
ty
,
Thail
and
.
The
a
uthors
w
ou
l
d
li
ke
t
o
than
k
P
rof.
Vi
ji
t
Kinn
a
res
,
c
onsu
lt
in
g
t
his
re
search
,
Mr.
Att
akarn
An
a
ka
va
nic
an
d
M
r.
Sa
kd
a
w
ut
B
oont
ua
for
the
ex
pe
rim
ent
al
set
up
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
A.
B.
Raj
u
,
B.
G.
Ferna
ndes,
K
.
Chat
t
erjee
,
“
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UP
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po
wer
condi
ti
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th
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axi
m
um
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r
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rg
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n
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er
opti
m
izati
o
n
and
cont
rol
in
wind
en
erg
y
co
nver
sion
s
y
st
ems
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r
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yst.
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rbi
M’h
amed,
Ghera
bi
Za
k
aria,
Doudar
Khire
ddine
,
“
A
Robust
Sensorless
Control
of
PM
SM
Based
on
Slid
in
g
Mode
Obs
erv
er
and
Model
Ref
ere
nc
e
Adapt
ive
S
y
ste
,”
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ernati
onal
Journal
of
Powe
r
E
le
c
tronic
s
and
Dr
i
v
e
Syste
m (
IJP
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S.
M.
Mu
y
ee
n
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A.
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J.
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“
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a
ble
spee
d
wind
turbi
ne
g
ene
r
at
o
r
s
y
stem
with
c
urre
nt
con
trol
l
ed
volt
ag
e
sourc
e
I
nver
te
r
.
E
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g
y
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and
Mana
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5
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Mesem
anol
is
A.,
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m
li
s
C.
,
a
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Kioskeridi
s
I,
“
Optimal
eff
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ency
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stra
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g
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in
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ind
uct
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r
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,”
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,”
“
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of
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e
ct
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.