Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of Ele
ctrical
an
d
Co
mput
er
En
gin
eeri
ng
(IJ
E
C
E)
Vo
l.
8
, No
.
6
,
Decem
ber
201
8
, p
p.
4175
~
4183
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijece
.
v8
i
6
.
pp
4175
-
41
83
4175
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core
.c
om/
journa
ls
/i
ndex.
ph
p/IJECE
An Anal
ytical A
pp
ro
ach
for Desi
gn of Mi
crostrip
Patch (
MsP)
R.
J. K
av
i
tha
1
,
H.
S.
A
r
a
vin
d
2
1
Visvesvara
y
a
T
ec
hnolog
ic
a
l
Un
ive
rsit
y
,
Indi
a
2
Depa
rtment of
El
e
ct
roni
cs
&
C
om
m
unic
at
ion
E
ngine
er
,
JS
SA
TE
,
Ind
ia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Ma
r
14
, 201
8
Re
vised
Ju
l
17
,
201
8
Accepte
d
Aug
5
, 2
01
8
A
rel
ia
bl
e
conf
i
gura
ti
on
of
e
le
c
tromagnet
i
c
inte
rac
t
ions
for
ant
e
nna
design
ca
n
y
i
el
d
an
eff
e
ct
iv
e
Microstri
p
pat
ch
(Ms
P
)
antenna
.
During
it
s
design,
th
e
ant
enn
a
arr
a
y
s
i
nvolve
issues
wi
th
par
amete
rs
(i
.
e.
,
spac
e,
d
imen
sion,
shape
)
adj
ustm
ent
.
Thi
s
proble
m
ca
n
be
ta
ckled
with
an
ana
l
y
t
ical
appr
oac
h
whic
h
ca
n
hel
p
to
bri
ng
bet
te
r
idea
t
o
design
the
ant
enna
a
aray
.
Ho
weve
r,
th
e
rea
l
isti
c
designs
of
ant
enna
ar
ra
y
ar
e
quit
e
e
xpensive
while
ext
rac
t
ing
computat
ion
al
a
cc
ura
c
y
.
Thus,
to
have
low
co
st
computat
ion
a
l
accurac
y
var
ious
m
et
a
-
h
e
uristi
c
(ge
ner
ic
al
gor
it
hm
,
pa
r
ti
c
al
sw
arm
op
ti
m
iz
ar
ion)
appr
oac
h
es
are
used
and
ar
e
c
onsidere
d
a
s
eff
ec
t
ive
on
e
in
h
andl
ing
the
pat
t
ern
s
y
n
the
sis
proble
m
s.
How
ee
ver
,
th
e
use
of
m
et
a
-
heur
isti
c
appr
oac
h
es
demands
thousands
of
func
tions
to
ana
l
y
z
e
the
an
te
nna
design.
Th
is
m
anusc
ript
in
tro
duce
s
an
an
aly
t
i
ca
l
appr
oa
ch
for
Ms
P
ant
enna
d
esing
using
MA
TL
AB
t
hat
brings
opti
m
iz
ati
on
in
handl
ing
t
he
side
lobe
s
an
d
opti
m
iz
ing
the
ref
lecti
on
as
well
as
r
adi
a
tion
responses.
T
he
outc
om
es
of
the
desig
n
were
an
aly
z
ed
with
respe
ct
to
ref
lecti
on
,
r
adiat
ion
co
eff
icien
ts,
side
lobe
s
and
found effe
ctive at 10GH
z
as
per
com
putation
al
cost
is
concer
n.
Ke
yw
or
d:
Com
pu
ta
ti
on
al
c
os
t
Mi
cro
strip
p
at
c
h
a
nten
na
Ra
diati
on
c
oe
f
fici
ents
Re
flect
ion
c
oeffici
ents
Side
l
obes
Copyright
©
201
8
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
R.
J. Ka
vitha
,
Visv
es
va
raya
Tech
no
l
og
ic
al
Un
i
ver
sit
y,
Be
la
gav
i,
India
.
kav
it
ha
r
j
kkira
n@gm
ai
l.co
m
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
The
M
ic
rostri
p
P
at
ch
(M
s
P)
a
nten
na
arr
ay
s
desig
n
dem
ands
a
reli
able
el
ect
ro
-
m
agn
et
ic
interact
io
ns
(Em
I)
within
a
nten
na
ar
ray
struct
ur
es
t
o
pro
visio
n
the
re
qu
irem
ents
of
th
e
anten
na
de
sign
i
nduce
d
by
arr
ay
rad
ia
ti
ons
a
nd
ref
le
ct
io
n
re
sp
onses
[
1].
The
el
ect
r
o
-
m
agn
et
ic
i
ntera
ct
ion
s
a
re
c
onsist
s
of
el
e
m
ent
env
i
ronm
ent,
el
e
m
ent
couplin
g,
s
ubstrat
e
fin
it
e
siz
e,
fee
ding
im
pact
et
c.
Su
c
h
im
pacts
can
on
ly
be
re
li
ably
accounte
d
f
or
desig
n
process
thr
ough
ty
pic
al
ly
discrete,
f
ull
-
wa
ve,
el
ect
ro
-
m
agn
et
ic
sim
ula
ti
on
s
m
ain
ly
by
us
in
g
c
om
plete
anten
na
a
rray
m
od
ule [2]
.
The
ante
nn
a
arr
ay
desi
gn
i
nvolv
e
d
with
issues
el
e
m
e
nts
dim
ensions
adjustm
ent
,
arr
ay
sh
ape
adjustm
ent
,
arr
ay
sp
aci
ng
a
dju
stm
ent
,
feed
in
g
locat
io
n
adjustm
ent
et
c
.
In
t
hat
reg
a
rd,
a
m
a
the
m
at
ic
al
appr
oach
ca
n
be
c
on
si
der
e
d
as
ef
fecti
ve
f
or
si
gnific
ant
way
of
a
nten
na
arr
ay
desig
n
[3
]
.
The
real
tim
e
i
m
ple
m
e
m
ta
t
ion
of
m
at
he
m
atical
approac
h
can
le
a
ds
t
o
hi
gh
e
r
c
os
t
in
a
nten
na
arr
ay
de
sign
as
it
ta
kes
of
m
or
e
nu
m
ber
of
sim
ulati
on
s
it
erati
on
s
in
ar
ray
m
od
el
[4
]
.
The
m
e
ta
-
heurist
ic
s
m
echan
ism
s
su
ch
as
pa
rtic
le
swar
m
op
ti
m
izati
on
[
5];
gen
e
ti
c
al
go
rithm
s
[6
]
are
outc
om
es
with
sig
nificant
resu
lt
s
w
hich
ca
n
ha
nd
l
e
the
patte
rn
synt
he
sis
issues
[7
]
.
The
lim
i
ta
ti
o
n
of
m
et
a
-
heurist
ic
m
echan
ism
s
is
that
it
need
s
th
ousa
nd
s
of
functi
ons
f
or
a
nten
na
de
sig
n
analy
sis
.
He
nc
e,
this
pa
pe
r
ai
m
s
to
perform
the
accu
rate
de
sign
of
Ms
Pant
rnna
by u
sin
g
a
n
an
al
yt
ic
al
ap
pr
oa
ch
f
or
patte
r
n
s
ynthesis. Fi
nally
, th
e d
esi
gn
a
naly
sis i
s p
er
form
ed
by co
ns
i
der
i
ng
the
par
am
et
ers
li
ke
rad
ia
ti
on, r
eflect
io
n
coeffic
ie
nts,
operat
ing
f
reque
ncy
and
m
ini
m
iz
a
tio
n
of
si
de
lob
e
s.
Th
e
pap
e
r
is
orga
ni
zed
with
sect
io
ns
li
ke
re
veie
w
of
existi
ng
works
(
in
sect
i
on
2),
desi
gn
a
nd
im
ple
m
enta
ti
on
of
pro
po
se
d
syst
e
m
(
in
sect
ion
3),
res
ults
an
d
a
naly
sis (
in
sect
ion
4) a
nd con
cl
us
io
n
(
i
n
sect
ion
5).
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
8
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
2
01
8
:
4175
-
4183
4176
2.
RELATE
D
W
ORK
The
rece
nt
re
searche
s
to
wa
rd
s
ante
nna
de
sign
are
re
vi
ewed
in
this
sect
ion
.
A
wa
st
range
of
researc
hes
are
exist
towa
rd
s
t
he
desi
gn
of
wide
band
a
ntenn
a
a
nd
are
ca
pab
le
of
ha
ndl
ing
the
tra
ns
m
issi
on
issues
an
d
off
er
high
s
peed
com
m
un
ic
at
i
on.
A
s
urvey
work
t
ow
a
rds
the
desig
n
of
MsP
anten
na
and
it
s
con
t
rib
ution
t
owar
ds
c
omm
u
nicat
ion
syst
e
m
is
fo
und
i
n
Kav
it
aan
d
Ar
a
vinda
(
2017)
[
8]
that
offers
e
xisti
ng
researc
h
gap
i
n
MsP
a
nten
na
te
chnolo
gy.
S
i
m
i
la
rly
,
Tang
et
al
.
(2016
)
[
9]
pr
e
sente
d
a
strip
-
helic
al
an
te
nn
a
syst
e
m
with
a
par
asi
ti
c
ci
rc
ular
patch
f
or
ci
rcu
la
r
po
la
rizat
ion
wh
ic
h
are
capa
ble
of
wor
king
li
ke
an
i
m
ped
ance
b
a
ndwi
dth
.
Fu
rt
her,
Sali
h
et
al
.
[10]
ga
ve
a
du
al
-
ba
nd
pa
tc
h
ante
nn
a
f
or
sm
al
l
fo
rm
factor
dev
ic
es
.
This
ante
nna
was
fabrica
te
d
over
Ro
gers
(RO
4350)
boa
rd,
the
m
easure
d
resu
lt
ha
ve
a
good
a
gr
ee
m
ent
with
sim
ulate
d
on
e
s.
A
dual
-
ba
nd
ci
rc
ularl
y
po
la
rize
d
a
nt
enn
as
ha
ve
be
en
recei
ving
m
uch
at
te
ntion
du
e
to
thei
r
disti
nct
featur
e
of
si
ngle
la
ye
r
and
sing
le
fee
ds
.
Ther
e
are
tw
o
dif
fer
e
nt
dis
si
m
il
ar
rad
ia
tors
an
d
two
pa
irs
of
deg
e
ne
rate’s
m
od
e
TM01/T
M10
a
nd
TM
03/TM
30
m
od
e
s.
I
n
orde
r
to
m
ini
m
iz
e
the
c
os
t,
m
iniat
ur
ise
d
siz
e,
and
ea
sy
integ
rati
on
a
uthor
Z
ahang
et
al
.
(
2016
)
[
11
]
intr
oduce
d
a
du
al
-
f
reque
ncy
ba
nd
po
la
risat
ion
m
et
hod
wh
ic
h
achie
ve
s
the
rad
it
io
n
about
7.0a
nd
5.9
in
the
tw
o
ba
nds.
I
n
Katy
al
et
a
l.
(2
01
6)
[12],
a
transm
i
ssion
-
li
ne
equ
i
valent
ci
rcu
t
te
chn
iq
ue
is
pr
ese
nte
d
f
or
analy
sis
of
m
ulti
layered
MsP
anten
na
.Th
e
perform
ance
of
the
te
chn
iq
ue
is
validat
ed
by
analy
sis
of
bro
adb
a
nd
anten
na
and
f
ound
that
the
pr
opose
d
m
e
tho
d
is
capab
l
e
for
qu
ic
k
ci
rc
ui
r
le
vel
im
i
ta
tio
n
an
d
optim
i
zat
i
on
.
I
n
the
stud
y
of
di
ff
e
r
ent
ty
pe
of
pri
nted
a
nten
nas
hav
i
ng
diff
e
re
nt
ty
pe
of
patch
li
ke
,
r
ect
angular,
s
qu
are,
tria
ng
ular,
ci
rcu
la
r,
el
li
pt
ic
al
are
su
it
able
for
60
HZ
wa
irle
ss
app
li
cat
io
n.
Fo
r
re
du
ce
over
al
l
siz
e
and
to
avo
i
d
lossy
m
illim
e
tre
-
wa
ve
co
nnec
to
rs
auth
or
Hannac
hi
et
al
.
[13]
has
propose
d
a
keysi
ght
te
ch
no
l
og
ie
s
,
this
giv
e
n
te
ch
nolo
gy
is
ve
ry
hel
pfull
of
ra
dio
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
design.
I
n
band
width
im
pro
vem
ent
of
an
eq
uilat
eral
tran
gu
la
rMs
P
anten
na
unde
r
diff
e
ren
ti
al
exita
ti
on
,
the
r
aditi
on
directi
vity
of
TM11
m
od
e
is
at
te
ched
su
c
h
a
patch
.
F
or
i
m
pr
ov
e
d
a
lot
of
fiel
d
dist
rib
ution,
W
a
ng
et
al
.
(20
17)
[14]
ha
ve
pr
e
sente
d
an
ad
diti
on
al
m
od
f
or
bo
t
h
TM10a
nd
TM11
exite
d
fo
r
r
adi
at
ion
.
Both
virt
ual
and
m
easur
ed
re
su
lt
has
be
en
ex
hib
it
wide
ba
ndwi
dth
an
d
good
pr
ese
ntati
on
of
rad
i
at
ion.
Broker
et
al
.
(
2016)
[
15
]
give
n
a
li
nea
rly
pola
rized
dual
-
ba
nd
patc
h
a
ntenn
a
res
ulti
ng
low
cr
os
s
-
pola
r
iz
at
io
n
and
aut
onom
ou
s
band
c
on
t
r
ol.Fin
el
ly
,
the
resu
lt
s
giv
es
l
ow
e
r
op
e
rati
ng
ba
nd
a
nd
uppe
r
op
e
rati
ng
ba
nd
is
sh
ifte
d
up
to
10%
la
stl
y.To
m
ini
m
iz
e
the
cro
ss
-
po
la
rizat
ion,
low
l
os
s
is
app
li
ed
t
o
integrate
the
a
nten
na
ar
ray
and
br
i
ng
im
pr
ov
em
ent
in
antenn
a
a
rr
ay
gai
n,
Jin
g
et
al
.
(
2015)
[
16]
have
pr
ese
nted
a
l
ow
te
m
per
at
ure
co
-
fired
ce
ram
ic
(
LTCC
)
proce
s
s.
This
process
has
bee
n
u
se
d
to
fabrica
te
an
d
m
easur
e
outc
om
es
and
f
ound10
-
dB
of
im
ped
an
ce an
d
the
gai
n o
f 18.6
2 dB at
61.5
GH
z
.
Tron
g
et
al
.
(2017
)
[
17
]
pro
pose
d
a
center
-
s
horted
MsPm
esch
nism
by
wh
ic
h
DC
bias
volt
age;
both
resona
nce
fr
e
quencies
va
ried
si
m
ulata
neo
usl
y.
Li
et
al
.
(
20
16)
[18]
giv
e
n
a
ver
ti
cal
ly
integrated
di
ff
e
r
entia
l
filt
ering
a
nten
na
that
c
om
po
sed
of
a
dif
fere
ntial
-
fe
d
MsP
anten
na
with
U
-
s
ha
ped
dif
fe
ren
ti
al
res
on
at
or.
Th
e
ou
tc
om
es
of
[
18]
be
hav
e
a
s
f
r
equ
e
ncy
res
po
nce
f
or
both
ga
in
an
d
ret
urn
l
os
s.
I
n
orde
r
to
gen
e
r
at
e
m
i
ll
i
m
et
er
-
wav
e
,
Ya
o
et
al
.
(2
01
6)
[
19]
gav
e
a
Her
m
i
te
-
G
us
sia
n
(
H
G)
m
et
ho
d
an
d
are
form
ed
by
four
inset
-
f
ed
MsP
el
e
m
ent
al
so
with
a
m
ic
ro
s
tripco
rpo
rate
f
eedin
g
netw
ork.
T
hro
ugh
[
19]
accu
racy
in
m
easur
em
ent
and
si
m
ulati
on
is
achieve
d.
Atta
ra
n
et
al
.
(20
16)
[20],
des
cribe
d
a
Rotm
an
le
ns
m
et
ho
d
in
w
hich
the
le
ngth
on
the
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
li
nes
are n
ot
aff
ect
ed
the
progressi
ve
ph
a
s
e d
el
ay
. Th
r
ough
[2
0], the
co
m
plexit
y i
s
m
i
nim
iz
ed
and p
e
rfo
rm
ance p
a
ram
et
ers
are m
axi
m
iz
ed
which
finall
y
giv
es
lo
w ph
as
e erro
r of
0.4
50 in
criti
cal
cond
it
io
n.
Zha
ng
et
al
.
(2
01
6)
[
21]
il
lustrate
dMsP
ant
enn
a
with
the
capab
il
it
ie
s
of
bandw
i
dth
an
d
ha
rm
on
ic
su
pp
ressio
n.
H
ere,
a
pair
of
l
e
m
da/4
m
ic
ro
strio
-
li
ne,
wi
de
band
pro
per
ty
can
be
obta
ine
d
by
m
aking
use
fu
l
us
e o
f
th
r
tw
o
r
eso
nan
ces
intr
oduce b
y b
urning
patc
h
a
nd non
-
ra
diati
ng p
a
tc
h.
T
he
giv
e
n
prototype
ante
nn
a
is
oprati
ng
at
4.
9
GH
Z
is
desig
ned
a
nd
fa
bri
cat
ed,
highe
r
-
order
ra
diati
ng
m
od
es
has
bee
n
eff
ect
ively
cancel
le
d.
In
S
un
et
al
.
(2016
)
[22],
a
prox
im
ity
cou
ple
d
cavit
y
back
e
d
pa
tc
h
a
nten
na
is
exp
resse
d
for
long
ra
ng
e
RFID
ta
g.
T
he
patc
h
structu
re
al
s
o
offer
s
a
way
to
tun
e
t
he
res
on
ant
fr
e
que
ncy
of
t
he
ante
nn
a
.
The
giv
e
n
a
ntenn
a
is
achieve
d
a
gai
n
of
5.7
dBi.
I
n
order
to
pro
vid
e
s
uppo
rt
towa
r
ds
tw
o
di
sti
nct
operati
ng
f
re
qu
e
ncies
a
uthor
Sm
yt
h
et
al
.
(
2016
)
[
23]
ha
ve
giv
e
n
a
novel
du
al
-
ba
nd
MsP
anten
na
base
d
on
EBG
it
egr
at
ed
int
o
it
s
rad
i
at
ing
edg
e
s.
Th
rou
gh
t
his d
ual
a
nte
nn
a
ra
diati
on
tr
acked
at
2
.
4
G
Hz
a
nd 5
.
0
GHz
f
reque
ncy.
T
hu
s
,
i
n
t
his p
ap
er
th
e
pr
i
or
it
y
is
giv
en
for
desi
gn
i
ng
a
n
accu
rate
com
pu
te
rized
too
l
f
or
M
sPan
te
nn
a
a
nd
fo
ll
ow
i
ng
util
iz
ed
aanaly
ti
cal
ap
proac
h w
hich
c
om
po
sed op
ti
m
i
zed sy
nth
esi
s
of
patte
rn
s
for
MsP ante
nn
a
desi
gn.
3.
SY
STE
M MO
DEL FO
R MI
CROSTR
IP P
ATCH (
MsP
) ANTE
NNA
In
orde
r
to
ge
t
the
geo
m
et
rical
top
ol
og
y
f
or
MsP
a
nte
nna
the
arc
hitec
ture
is
s
how
n
i
n
Fig
ure
1.
The
co
re
com
po
ne
nt
su
c
h
as
heig
ht
of
MsP
anten
na
(
d1),
width
of
MsP
anten
na
(
d2),
width
of
m
et
al
gr
ou
nd
slot
aper
t
ur
e
(
w1),
le
ngth
of
m
et
al
gr
ound
s
lot
aper
tu
re
(
u1)
,
cl
ot
center
to
patch
ce
nter
(v1)
,
le
ng
t
h
of
open
end
st
ub,
te
rm
inate
s
the
fee
d
(v2),
cham
ber
le
ng
th
of
t
he
input
m
ic
ro
stri
p
(
wc)
a
nd
m
i
cro
st
rip
sig
nal
trace
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
An
A
naly
ti
cal
Ap
pr
oac
h
fo
r
De
sig
n of Mic
r
os
tri
p Patc
h
(
MsP)
…
(
R. J.
Kavit
ha
)
4177
width
(
w
o)
a
re
co
ns
ide
red.
T
he
sta
rtin
g
poi
nt
(
Sp)
of
the
t
opology
is
i
niti
at
ed
as
[S
px,
Sp
y]
to
a
rr
i
ve
to
the
patch
el
em
ent w
it
h Xp
at
c
h []
, Ypatch
[] a sc
hem
atic sh
ow
n i
n
F
ig
ure
1.
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
(
d
1
,
d
2
,
w
1
,
u
1
,
v
1
,
v
2
,
w
c
,
w
o
)
O
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
R
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
P
r
o
p
a
g
a
t
i
o
n
p
a
t
t
e
r
n
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
i
m
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
R
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
c
o
i
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
A
c
t
i
v
e
R
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
C
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
S
i
d
e
l
o
b
e
l
e
v
e
l
Figure
1
.
A
rch
i
te
ct
ur
e
of
pro
pose
d desig
n
Her
e
t
he
in
f
orm
at
ion
’s
of
d1
,
d2,
u1,
v1,
v2,
wc
a
nd
w
o
are
c
on
si
der
e
d
as
in
pu
t
pa
ra
m
et
ers.
Lat
er,
the
sta
rting
po
int
(S
p
)
is
defi
ned
co
rr
e
spo
ndin
g
to
the
co
ordinates
of
X
path
an
d
Y
pat
h.
Th
e
Sp
can
be
ob
ta
ine
d by,
Sp
=
[
S
px, Spy
]
(
1)
[Xpatch]
=
[Sp
i,
∑
(
Spi
+
)
,
∑
(
Spi
+
)
,
Spi
,
Spi
]
at
, i=1
(
2)
[Ypatch]
=
[Sp
i,
Spi
∑
(
Spi
+
)
,
∑
(
Spi
+
)
,
(
Spi1
)
]
at
, i=2
(
3)
Fu
rt
her, the
ce
nter
l
ocali
zat
ion
of the
patch
(
Px
,
Py)
is
co
m
pu
te
d by usi
ng
e
q
uatio
n
4
.
Px
=
∑
(
(
Spi
+
(
)
)
,
i=
1
Py =
∑
(
(
Spi
+
(
)
)
,
i=
2
(
4)
Figure
2
.
Patc
h wit
h
X
patch [
]
.
Y
patch
[
]
Ba
sed
on
thes
e
coord
i
nates,
a
rectang
le
is
plo
tt
ed
an
d
for
the
sam
e
rectan
gle,
patc
h
center
is
determ
ined.
[P
xPy
]
f
(
Spi
, d1,
d2)
at i=
1,
2
(
5)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
8
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
2
01
8
:
4175
-
4183
4178
Using t
his p
at
c
h
ce
nter, a ce
nter pat
ch
li
ne
is
dr
a
w
n.
i.e. [p
x
-
2 px
+
v1+v
2],
[p
y
py]
[px
px
]
, [
2
py+d1
/
3+0.5
]
(
6)
The
n
the
clot c
enter
(Cc) is
obtai
ned,
wh
ic
h i
s r
el
at
ive to
th
e p
at
ch
ce
nter.
Cc
= ([px+
v1
px
+
v1]
, [py
-
w
0/2
py+d
1/3
+
0.5]
(
7)
The dist
ance
for rig
ht a
ng
le
d t
riang
le
(
x
t
)
is
ob
ta
ine
d by
us
i
ng
e
q
uatio
n
8.
i.e.
2
/
2
wc
x
t
(
8)
The
n
slot a
pe
rtur
e
of m
et
al
g
ro
un
d
is cal
c
ulate
d
f
or both
the
Xpath a
nd
Ypat
h
usi
ng
e
q
uat
ion
9.
xm
et
a
l_g
r
ound
= [p
x+v1
-
w
1/2
px
+
v1+w
1/2
px
+
v1+w
1/2 p
x+v1
-
w
1/2 p
x+
v1
-
w
1/
2]
ym
et
a
l_g
r
ound
= [py
-
u1
/
2 p
y
-
u1
/
2 py+u
1/2
py
+u1
/2
p
y
-
u1/
2]
(
9)
Finall
y t
he
la
be
li
n
g of t
he plo
t i
s don
e
and
outc
om
e o
f
t
he
t
opology i
s s
ho
wn in t
he
F
ig
ur
e
3.
Figure
3
.
De
fa
ult t
opology
of MsP a
nten
na
Topo
l
ogy Al
gori
th
m
In
it
iali
ze
:
d
1
, d
2
, w
1
, u
1,
v
1,
v
2,
w
c, wo
Sp
[
Spx,
S
py]
[Xpatch
]
[Spi ,
∑
(
Spi
+
)
,
∑
(
Spi
+
)
,
Spi
,
Spi
]
i=
1
[
Y
patch
]
[Spi,
Spi
∑
(
Spi
+
)
,
∑
(
Spi
+
)
,
(
Spi1
)
]
i=
2
[P
x
P
y
]
f
(Spi,
d
1
, d
2
)
whe
re,
i
=1,
2
[px
-
2 p
x+v1+
v2]
, [pypy]
a
nd
[px
px
]
, [
2 py+d1
/
3+0.5
]
Cc
(
[px+
v1
px
+
v1]
, [py
-
w
0/2
py+d
1/3
+
0.5]
2
/
2
wc
x
t
xmetal_
gr
ou
n
d
[
px
+
v1
-
w
1/2
px+v
1+
w1/2 px+
v1
+
w
1/2
px
+
v1
-
w
1/2
px
+
v1
-
w
1/2
]
ymetal_
gr
ou
n
d
[
py
-
u1/2
py
-
u1/2
py+u
1/
2 py+u
1/2
py
-
u1
/
2]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
An
A
naly
ti
cal
Ap
pr
oac
h
fo
r
De
sig
n of Mic
r
os
tri
p Patc
h
(
MsP)
…
(
R. J.
Kavit
ha
)
4179
Sy
n
th
esi
s
of
antenn
a arr
ay
init
ia
li
ze : d1
, d2,
w1,
u1, v1,
v2, wc,
wo
c
8x10
8
if (
i=
1; i<=
5; i
++) whe
re i
-
is i
te
rati
on
fc
nx10
9
wh
e
re
n
=
8,9,1
0,1
1,12
λ
c/
fc
NR or
NC
b
Si
n
2
Op
NR
_NC(c,
fc
[d1, d
2,
w1,
u1, v1,
v2,
w
c,
wo])
URA
Is
([
NC
NR
]
[
2
2
]
Aw
Ew
n
U
R
A
NR
NR+
NC
NC
-
Re
peat f
or op
To
c
om
pu
te
th
e
relat
ive
pow
er,
t
he
par
am
et
ers
li
ke
d1,
d2,
w
1,
u1,
v1,
v2,
wc,
w
o
a
r
e
init
ia
li
zed.
Lat
er,
carrie
r
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
(f
c
)
com
pu
te
d
by
us
ing
si
gn
al
pro
pag
at
io
n
spe
ed
(c).
Furth
er,
wa
velen
gth
(λ)
is
cal
culat
ed by d
ividin
g
“c”
w
it
h
“
fc”.
i.e., λ
= c/fc
(
10)
The
ar
ray
siz
e
al
ong
with
el
evati
on
a
nd
azim
uth
dire
ct
ion
ca
n
be
ob
ta
ine
d
by
r
equ
i
red
beam
width.
Fo
r
the
h
al
f
w
a
velen
gth
sp
aci
ng, th
e
num
ber o
f
el
em
ents along
with ce
rtai
n direct
io
n
ca
n be
giv
e
n
a
s;
NR or
NC =
b
Si
n
2
(
11)
In
e
q
ua
ti
on
11
,
the
val
ue
of
b
represe
nts
the
beam
width
al
ong
that
di
rec
ti
on
.
T
he
oth
er
par
am
et
ers
(Op)
li
ke
azi
m
uth
cu
to
ff
a
nd elev
a
ti
on
c
ut off ca
n o
btain
by foll
owin
g
e
qu
at
io
n.
Op =
NR_NC(
c, f
c
[d1,
d2, w
1
, u
1,
v1, v
2,
wc,
w
o])
(
12)
The
n,
the
un
i
f
or
m
rectangula
r
arr
ay
(U
R
A)
is
con
si
der
e
d
as
the
integ
rati
on
of
t
wo
s
ep
arab
le
un
if
orm
Line
arr
ay
s
(U
L
A
)
and
desi
gn
e
d
t
he
windows
for
both
the
el
e
va
ti
on
a
nd
azi
m
uth
directi
on
t
hro
ugh
dig
it
al
file
r
desig
n
m
et
ho
ds. T
hen the
UR
A d
evel
op
e
d b
y i
den
ti
cal
sensor el
em
ents can be
giv
e
n
as:
i.e.,
URA
= Is
([
NC
NR
]
[
2
2
]
(
13)
In
e
q
uation
13
,
Is
i
nd
ic
at
es
t
he
ide
ntica
l
sensor
el
em
ent
.
On
a
ssig
ning
t
he
we
i
ghts
to
the
ar
ray
f
ollo
wing
e
q
uatio
n
14 is
ob
ta
ine
d.
i.e.,
Aw
Ew
n
U
R
A
(
14)
Wh
e
re
nURA
ind
ic
at
es
the
ne
w
URA
,
Ew
ind
ic
at
es
the
el
evati
on
wei
gh
t
and
A
w
repr
esents
the
Azi
m
uth
weig
ht.
Lat
e
r
t
he
c
om
par
ison
am
on
g
the
ne
w
URA
a
nd
previo
us
URA
.
I
n
a
nten
na
te
c
hnol
og
y
t
he
si
de
lob
e
s
are
the
local
m
axim
a
or
lob
es
of
the
fa
r
fiel
d
ra
diati
on
pa
tt
ern
w
hich
a
re
no
t
the
m
ai
n
l
ob
e
s.
He
re,
th
e
side
lob
e
le
vel
of
th
e
ne
w
UR
A
is
com
par
ed
with
the
pre
vious
de
sign.
H
oweve
r,
the
ne
w
UR
A
does
not
m
e
et
the
requirem
ents an
d he
nce t
rial
an
d er
ror
m
et
hod
is a
ppli
ed
to
NR a
nd N
C
pa
ram
et
ers.
i.e.,
NR =
NR+
NC =
NC
-
The
n ob
ta
ine
d values
of
NR
a
nd N
C
are
upda
te
d
to
get t
he op
ti
m
iz
ed
design r
es
ults.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
8
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
2
01
8
:
4175
-
4183
4180
4.
RESU
LT
S
ANA
L
YS
I
S
Fo
r
de
sig
n
of
MsP
ante
nn
a
MATLAB
is
use
d
a
nd
obta
in
ed
re
su
lt
s
on
e
xecusi
on.
T
he
perform
ance
analy
sis
of
the
desig
n
is
c
om
par
ed
with
e
xist
i
ng
m
et
ho
d.
T
he
f
ollo
wing
F
igure
4,
il
lustra
te
s
the
beam
pa
tt
ern
for
lo
oks
direct
ion
s
r
a
ng
i
ng fr
om
<
-
30
0
t
o 0
0
azim
uth
and el
evati
on d
e
gree
s and m
ai
ntains null
at
-
40
0
.
Figure
4
.
Be
am
p
at
te
rn
f
or a
zim
uth
and ele
vation de
gree
The
a
rr
ay
synt
hesis
is
re
pr
ese
nted
i
n
F
ig
ur
e
5
with
res
pect
to
to
po
l
ogy
1,
2,
4
a
nd
optim
al
topolo
gy
by
con
si
der
i
ng
bandw
i
dth
.
H
ere,
the
topolo
gy
1
arr
ay
is
j
us
t
cro
s
sin
g
the
req
ui
red
bandw
i
dth
of
patte
rns
of
topolo
gy
2,
4
and
optim
al
to
po
l
og
y.
H
ow
e
ver,
the
side
l
obes
of
patte
rn
s
band
width
is
higher
t
hat
of
desir
e
d
patte
rn.
This
ki
nd
of
si
de
lo
be
s
can
be
opti
m
iz
ed
by
util
iz
ing
windowin
g
op
e
rati
ons
to
arr
ay
.
If
URA
is
the
com
bin
at
ion
of
two
differe
nt
un
if
or
m
li
ne
ar
arr
ay
s
(U
L
A)
,
t
hen
t
hed
e
sign
of
window
can
be
pe
rfor
m
e
d
separ
at
el
y
in
both
el
evati
on
a
nd
azi
m
ut
h
dir
ect
ion
s
by
util
iz
ing
filt
er
desi
gn
i
ng
m
od
el
s.
The
Fig
ur
e
4
giv
es
the
side
lob
e
le
vel
com
par
ed
with
dif
fer
e
nt
topolo
gies
an
d
is
fo
un
d
that
side
lob
e
le
vel
of
optim
al
top
ol
og
y
is
le
ss than to
po
l
og
y
1, to
po
l
ogy 2 a
nd to
po
l
ogy 4
.
Fi
g
ure
5
.
Be
am
p
at
te
rn
s synt
hesis
with
different m
et
ho
ds
The
3D
ra
diati
on
patte
rns
are
com
po
sed
of
sy
m
m
e
trie
s
fo
r
bo
t
h
azim
uth
and
el
e
vation
cuts.
He
nce
,
the
patte
rns
are
acqu
ire
d
th
rou
gh
U
RA
.
The
F
igure
6
in
dica
te
s
that
no
ene
r
gy
is
rad
ia
te
d
i
n
re
ver
se
to b
a
ck
of
arr
ay
in
w
hich t
he
band
width
and
si
de
lob
e l
evel o
f
synt
hes
iz
ed
patte
rn
a
r
e resu
lt
ed
with
d
esi
red
s
pecifi
cat
ion
and is c
on
si
dered as
3D
patte
r
n
synt
hesis.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
An
A
naly
ti
cal
Ap
pr
oac
h
fo
r
De
sig
n of Mic
r
os
tri
p Patc
h
(
MsP)
…
(
R. J.
Kavit
ha
)
4181
Figure
6
.
desi
gn
patte
rn (3D
) sy
ntehesis
The
Fig
ur
e
7
represe
nts
the
MsP
a
nten
na
over
the
f
requen
cy
ba
nd.
I
n
this
,
th
e
re
s
ist
ance
an
d
reacta
nce
var
y
as
fr
e
quency
va
ries.
T
his
va
riat
ion
ca
n
be
se
en
that
the
rea
ct
ance
val
ue
is
neg
at
iv
e
be
for
e
the
resona
nce
an
d
the
sa
m
e
val
ue
is
po
sit
ive
after
the
res
onance
a
nd
t
his
reacta
nce
is
con
si
der
e
d
as
“series
resona
nce”.
I
f
i
m
ped
ance
c
urve
var
ie
s
fro
m
po
sit
ive
to
neg
at
ive
react
ance
an
d
is
c
on
si
der
e
d
as
“
par
al
le
l
resona
nce”.
B
oth
the
resist
a
nce
an
d
react
ance
are
f
ully
diff
e
ren
t
as
r
esi
sta
nce
wh
ic
h
is
no
t
de
pe
nd
on
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
w
hile
reacta
nce
does.
The
resist
a
nce
does
not
cause
ph
ase
sh
if
t
wh
il
e
reacta
nc
e
causes
ph
a
s
e
sh
if
t
of
90
0
am
on
g
vo
lt
age
an
d
c
urre
nt.
In
Fig
ure
7,
resist
an
ce
rem
ai
ns
at
posit
ive
value
an
d
rea
ct
ance
sta
ys
at
neg
at
ive
val
ue durin
g res
on
a
nc
e an
d reache
s
po
sit
ive
after
re
sonance
.
Figure
7
.
A
nte
nn
a
pe
rfo
rm
ance over f
reque
ncy b
a
nd
The
ante
nna
re
flect
ion
c
oeffici
ent
is
sh
own
i
n
Fig
ur
e
8
w
hi
ch
is
the
relat
ive
f
racti
on
of
t
he
incide
nt
Ra
dio
fr
e
qu
e
nc
y
(RF)
powe
r
an
d
is
ref
le
ct
ed
bac
k
bec
ause
of
im
ped
ance
m
is
m
atch
.
T
he
im
ped
anc
e
m
is
m
a
tc
h
is
the
diff
e
re
nc
e
a
m
on
g
the
a
ntenn
a
i
nput
im
ped
ance
an
d
th
e
transm
issi
on
li
ne
char
act
e
r
ist
ic
or
ref
e
ren
ce
im
ped
ance
.
T
he
r
eflect
ion
c
oeff
ic
ie
nt
is
rep
re
sented
as
ope
rati
ng
ba
ndwi
dth
of
a
nten
na
.
The
anten
na ban
dw
idth is t
he
f
re
quency
ba
nd on whic
h
the
m
agn
it
ud
e
of
ref
le
c
ti
on
c
oeffici
ent
<
-
10dB.
Figure
8
.
A
nal
ysi
s o
f
fr
e
quenc
y wit
h resp
ect
t
o
m
agn
it
ude
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
8
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
2
01
8
:
4175
-
4183
4182
The
act
ive
ref
l
ect
ion
coe
ff
ic
i
ents
analy
sis
with
f
our
dif
fe
ren
t
to
po
l
og
y
are
com
par
ed
corres
pondin
g
to
fr
e
quency
a
re
show
n
Fi
gu
r
e
9,
w
her
e
optim
al
top
olog
y
acqu
ire
d
po
sit
ive
value
th
an
ot
her
to
polog
y
1,
topolo
gy2
a
nd
topolo
gy4.
Figure
9
.
Acti
ve
r
eflect
io
n
c
oe
ff
ic
ie
nt
Vs fre
qu
e
ncy
The
Fig
ur
e
10
rep
rese
nts
the
arr
ay
side
lobe
le
vel
fo
r
dif
f
eren
t
m
et
ho
ds
.
The
side
lob
e
s
are
the
fa
r
fiel
d
ra
diati
on
patte
rn
a
nd
a
re
no
t
co
ns
id
ere
d
as
m
a
in
lob
e
s.
The
side
l
obe
le
vel
increas
es
with
dec
rea
ses
in
the
ba
ndwidt
h.
In
orde
r
to
ge
t
a
sign
ific
a
nt
arr
ay
patte
r
n,
t
he
side
l
ob
e
le
vel
value
m
us
t
be
hi
gh
e
r.
Fro
m
the
Figure
10,
it
is
found
that
the
optim
al
to
po
l
og
y,
to
polo
gy1,
to
polo
gy
2and
topolo
gy
4ex
hi
bits
24.3109
,
16.89
63,
18.72
18,
a
nd
21.
0294
res
pecti
vel
y.
Th
us
,
t
he
optim
al
top
olog
y
acqu
ir
es
lo
w
er
ante
nna
co
s
t
with
higher
v
al
ue of
side l
ob
e
level
.
Figure
10
.
Side
lob
e
levels
f
or d
if
fer
e
nt m
et
ho
ds
5.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
This
pa
pe
r
intr
oduces
a
na
naly
ti
cal
app
ro
ac
h
to p
er
form
the
si
m
ulati
on
of
li
near
MsP
a
ntenn
a d
esi
gn.
The
re
su
lt
s
of
the
desi
gn
w
ere
co
ns
i
der
e
d
with
re
sp
ect
to
beam
patte
rn
s
synthesis
,
desig
n
patte
rn
(3D)
synte
hesis,
a
nt
enn
a
pe
rfor
m
ance
ov
e
r
f
re
qu
e
ncy
ba
nd,
an
d
analy
sis
offr
e
qu
e
ncy
with
r
espect
to
m
agn
it
ud
e
,
act
ive
re
flect
ion
c
oeffici
ent
V
s
fr
e
que
ncy
an
d
Si
de
lo
be
le
vels
f
or
diff
e
re
nt
m
et
ho
ds
.
The
outc
om
es
of
t
he
appr
oach
al
lo
w
si
gn
ific
a
ntly
con
t
ro
ll
in
g
bo
t
h
th
e
ra
dia
ti
on
as
well
a
s
re
flect
ion
c
oe
ff
ic
ie
nt
t
hrough
th
e
el
e
m
ent
geo
m
e
try
design
a
nd
identic
al
sensor
el
e
m
ent.
The
analy
ti
cal
appr
oac
h
com
e
up
with
m
ini
m
iz
e
d
the
cost
of
a
nten
na
to
lo
w si
de
l
obe level
co
rr
es
pondin
g
to
s
om
e EMI of a
rray
an
te
nna.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
C.
A.
Balanis,
“
Antenna
the
or
y
,
”
3rd ed.
,
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ile
y
Inte
r
sc
ie
n
ce,
20
05.
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R.
J.
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a
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t
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Koziel
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“
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te
nna
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ng
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abl
e
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elit
y
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lectr
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agnetic
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ulations,
”
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li
ed
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ct
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agnet
i
c
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In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
An
A
naly
ti
cal
Ap
pr
oac
h
fo
r
De
sig
n of Mic
r
os
tri
p Patc
h
(
MsP)
…
(
R. J.
Kavit
ha
)
4183
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S.
Kozie
l
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et
a
l
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,
“
Vari
abl
e
-
f
ide
l
i
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y
el
e
ct
rom
agnet
ic
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ula
ti
ons
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nd
co
-
krigi
ng
fo
r
ac
cur
ate
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odeling
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antenna
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,”
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E
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ansacti
o
ns on
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on
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ss
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[5]
M.
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Khodier
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C.
G.
Chr
ist
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“
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arr
a
y
g
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nth
esis
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ini
m
um
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obe
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ar
ti
cle
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arm opt
i
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ennas
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F.
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al.
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“
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e
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iz
at
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e
nna
arr
a
y
p
at
t
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nge
r,
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ta
n
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ada
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che
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genet
ic
al
gor
it
hm
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i
ca
t
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ar
ra
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h
a
a
nd
H.
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nda,
“
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ie
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g
the
Eff
ec
t
ive
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Contri
bu
t
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cro
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Ante
nna
in
th
e
Com
m
unic
at
ion S
y
stem
,”
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enn
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ion
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i
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irc
ul
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arize
d
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i
p
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Heli
c
al
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en
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it
h
a
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si
ti
c
Patc
h
,”
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ess
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vol
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[10]
A.
A.
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h
and
M
.
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wi
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“
A
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ghl
y
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ia
tur
iz
ed
Pat
ch
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nna
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EE
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nnas
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e
ss
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on
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-
1786
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[11]
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ng,
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l
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,
“
CP
pat
ch
antenna
with
cont
ro
ll
able
pola
r
isa
ti
o
n
over
dual
-
fre
q
uency
bands
,”
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ET
Mic
rowaves
,
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ennas
&
Pro
pagati
on
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[12]
A.
Kat
y
al
and
A
.
Basu
,
“
Analy
sis
and
opti
m
is
at
ion
of
broa
db
a
nd
stac
ked
Ms
As
using
tra
nsm
is
sion
l
ine
m
odel
,”
IET
Mic
rowav
es,
An
te
nnas
&
Pr
opagati
on
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2016
.
[13]
C.
Hanna
chi
and
S
.
O
.
T
at
u
,
“
Perform
anc
e
compa
rison
of
60
GH
z print
ed
p
atch
antenna
s with
d
iffe
r
ent
geomet
rical
shape
s
using
m
ini
at
ure
h
y
bri
d
m
ic
ro
wave
i
nte
gra
te
d
ci
r
cuits
te
ch
nolog
y
,”
IET
Mi
crowave
s,
Ant
enna
s
&
Propagati
on
,
20
16
.
[14]
J.
W
ang,
e
t
al
.,
“
Bandwidt
h
Enh
anc
ement
of
a
Diffe
ren
ti
a
l
-
Fed
E
quil
atera
l
Tr
ia
ng
ula
r
Pat
ch
Ante
nn
a
via
Loa
d
in
g
of
Shorting
Pos
t
s
,”
IE
EE Tr
ansacti
ons on
Antenn
as and
Pro
pagat
ion
,
vo
l/
issue:
65
(
1
),
pp
.
36
-
43
,
2017
.
[15]
D.
E
.
Brock
er,
e
t
al
.
,
“
Minia
turize
d
Dua
l
-
band
Folded
Pa
tc
h
Ant
enna
wi
th
Ind
ep
ende
nt
Band
Co
ntrol
Uti
lizing
a
n
Inte
rdig
it
a
te
d
Slot
Lo
adi
ng
,”
I
E
EE
Tr
ansacti
ons
on
An
te
nnas an
d
Propagati
on
,
2
016
.
[16]
H.
Jin,
et
al
.
,
“
High
-
gai
n
low
-
cro
ss
-
pola
riz
a
ti
on
6
0
-
GH
z
LT
CC
p
at
ch
antenna
arr
a
y
with
d
iffe
r
ential
-
f
ed
and
soft
-
surfac
e
struct
ur
e
s
,”
Mi
crowave C
onfe
renc
e
(
AP
M
C)
,
2015
Asia
-
P
aci
fic
,
v
ol
.
1
,
20
15.
[17]
N.
N
.
Trong,
et
al.
,
“
A
fre
quency
-
and
p
at
t
ern
-
re
c
onfigura
b
le
c
en
te
r
-
shorted
MsA
,”
IE
EE
Antenn
as
and
Wirel
ess
Propagati
on
Le
t
te
rs
,
vol
.
15
,
pp
.
1955
-
1958
,
201
6
.
[18]
L.
Li
and
G
.
Liu
,
“
A
Diffe
ren
tial
Ms
A
W
it
h
Filt
eri
ng
Response
,”
I
EE
E
Antennas
and
Wirel
ess
Propagati
on
Lett
ers
,
vol.
15
,
pp
.
1983
-
1986
,
2016
.
[19]
H.
Yao,
e
t
al
.
,
“
Patc
h
Antenna
Arra
y
for
the
Gene
ration
of
Mill
ime
ter
-
W
ave
Herm
it
e
–
G
aussian
Be
ams
,”
IE
EE
Ant
ennas
and
W
irel
ess P
ropagat
ion
Letters
,
vo
l.
15
,
pp
.
1947
-
19
50
,
2016
.
[20]
A.
Atta
r
an,
et
al.
,
“
60
GH
z
Low
phase
err
or
rotman
le
ns
co
m
bine
d
with
wi
deba
nd
Ms
A
ar
ra
y
using
L
TC
C
te
chno
log
y
,”
IE
EE
Tr
ansacti
ons
on
An
te
nnas an
d
Propagati
on
,
v
ol/
issue:
64
(
12
),
pp.
5172
-
5180
,
2016
.
[21]
J.
D.
Zha
ng,
e
t
al
.
,
“
A
Compa
c
t
Microstr
ip
-
Fed
Patc
h
Ante
nna
w
it
h
Enhance
d
Bandwidth
and
Harm
onic
Suppress
io
n
,”
I
E
EE
Tr
ansacti
ons
on
An
te
nnas an
d
Propagati
on
,
v
ol/
issue:
64
(
12
),
pp.
5030
-
5037
,
2016
.
[22]
H.
Sun,
et
al.
,
“
Proxim
it
y
Cou
ple
d
Cavi
t
y
Ba
cke
d
Patc
h
Ant
e
nna
for
Long
Range
UH
F
R
F
ID
Ta
g
,”
IEEE
Tr
ansacti
ons on Ante
nnas and
Pr
opagati
on
,
vol/is
sue:
64
(
12
), pp
.
5446
-
5449
,
201
6
.
[23]
B.
P.
Sm
y
th
,
et
al.
,
“
Dual
-
Band
Microstri
p
Patc
h
Antenna
Us
ing
Inte
gra
te
d
Uni
pl
ana
r
Meta
m
ateri
al
-
Based
EBGs
,”
IEE
E
Tr
ansacti
o
ns on
Antennas
and
Propagati
on
,
vol
/i
ss
ue:
64
(
12
),
pp
.
5046
-
505
3
,
2016
.
BIOGR
AP
H
I
ES
OF
A
UTH
ORS
Kavit
ha
R
J
wor
king
as
a
r
ese
ar
ch
schol
ar
at
Vi
svesvara
y
a
Tech
nologi
c
al
Univ
e
rsit
y
,
B
el
ag
avi
has
aro
und
5
re
sea
rch
p
ape
rs
to
her
cr
edi
t
.
She
has
serve
d
in
d
iffe
ren
t
orga
n
iz
a
ti
ons
and
ha
s
aro
und
16+
y
ears
of
expe
rie
nc
e.
She
has
co
m
ple
te
d
her
B
E
from
My
sore
Univer
sit
y
and
MTec
hfrom
Visvesvara
y
a
Tech
nologi
c
al
Unive
rsit
y
in
2008.
S
he
has
bee
n
instrumenta
l
in
th
e
proc
ess of
Ac
credit
ation
work.
Dr.
Aravi
nd
HS
,
MTe
ch,
Ph.D
.
,
is
a
prof
essor
and
he
ad
of
E
l
ec
tron
ic
s
and
Com
m
unic
at
ion
engi
ne
eri
ng
dep
art
m
ent
at
JS
SA
TE
,
Bengalur
u.
He
has
m
ore
tha
n
50int
ern
a
ti
onal/
nat
ion
al
pape
rs
to
his
credit
.
He
has
serve
d
in
var
ious
orga
nisat
ions
in
diff
ere
nt
l
eve
ls
.
He
has
complet
ed
his
Doctor
at
e
fr
om
Vi
svesvara
y
a
Te
chno
logi
c
al
Univer
sit
y
and
i
s
spec
ia
li
z
ed
in
t
he
are
a
of
fau
l
t
tol
er
anc
e
,
sign
al
proc
essing.
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