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SS
N:
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8708
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p
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Ev
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bas
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R.
Aro
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ul Ra
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a
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CHRIST
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iv
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Sep
30
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2
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Dec
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2
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cc
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Mar
4
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2
0
1
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T
h
e
o
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jec
ti
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e
o
f
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
n
g
Us
e
r
Ex
p
e
rien
c
e
(UX
)
in
th
is
e
ra
o
f
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
is
to
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
t
h
e
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se
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sa
ti
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a
c
ti
o
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.
Earlier
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
w
e
re
b
u
il
t
w
it
h
th
e
a
im
o
f
re
d
u
c
in
g
th
e
w
o
rk
o
f
u
se
r
s.
Bu
t
w
it
h
th
e
e
v
o
lu
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
th
e
e
m
e
r
g
e
n
c
e
o
f
n
e
w
g
a
d
g
e
ts
a
n
d
n
e
w
tren
d
s
in
th
e
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
th
e
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
h
a
d
t
o
b
e
m
o
re
u
se
r
-
c
e
n
tri
c
.
T
h
e
p
rim
a
r
y
o
b
je
c
ti
v
e
o
f
th
is
re
se
a
rc
h
is
to
e
v
a
lu
a
te
th
e
u
se
r
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x
p
e
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c
e
o
f
w
e
b
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
b
a
se
d
o
n
d
if
fe
re
n
t
UX
p
a
ra
m
e
ters
u
sin
g
d
i
ff
e
r
e
n
t
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
a
n
d
g
iv
e
n
a
r
a
ti
n
g
.
Eac
h
o
f
th
e
se
ra
ti
n
g
s
a
re
c
o
m
b
in
e
d
to
d
e
term
in
e
th
e
o
v
e
r
a
ll
ra
ti
n
g
o
f
UX
f
o
r
th
e
w
e
b
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
.
A
lso
,
th
e
se
c
o
n
d
a
ry
o
b
jec
ti
v
e
o
f
th
is
re
se
a
rc
h
is
to
p
ro
v
i
d
e
su
g
g
e
stio
n
s
o
r
re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
ti
o
n
s
b
a
se
d
o
n
th
e
ra
ti
n
g
s
t
o
im
p
ro
v
e
th
e
UX
o
f
th
e
w
e
b
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s.
A
n
e
x
p
e
rime
n
tal
stu
d
y
wa
s
c
o
n
d
u
c
ted
a
n
d
th
e
re
su
lt
s
sh
o
w
a
sig
n
if
ica
n
t
i
m
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t.
A
re
a
s
o
f
f
u
rth
e
r
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
ts
h
a
v
e
a
lso
b
e
e
n
id
e
n
ti
f
ied
a
n
d
p
re
se
n
ted
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
HC
I
R
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
w
eb
User
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
UX
p
ar
am
e
ter
s
W
eb
2
.
0
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
2
0
1
9
In
stit
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te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts
re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
An
is
h
Mi
s
tr
y
,
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
C
o
m
p
u
ter
Scie
n
ce
,
C
HR
I
ST
(
Dee
m
ed
to
b
e
Un
iv
er
s
it
y
)
,
B
en
g
al
u
r
u
,
Kar
n
a
tak
a
–
5
6
0
0
2
9
,
I
n
d
ia
.
E
m
ail:
m
is
tr
y
.
n
iti
n
b
h
ai
@
m
ca
.
ch
r
is
t
u
n
iv
er
s
it
y
.
i
n
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
ter
m
―
User
E
x
p
er
ien
c
e‖
o
r
―
UX‖
i
s
u
s
ed
w
id
el
y
b
u
t
in
ter
p
r
eted
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
i
v
el
y
.
T
h
e
m
u
ltid
is
cip
li
n
ar
y
id
ea
o
f
UX
h
as
p
r
o
v
o
k
ed
a
co
u
p
le
o
f
i
m
p
licatio
n
s
o
f
an
d
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
o
n
UX,
ea
ch
p
u
s
h
in
g
to
w
ar
d
s
th
e
t
h
o
u
g
h
t
f
r
o
m
a
d
is
ti
n
g
u
i
s
h
in
g
v
ie
wp
o
in
t
[
1
]
.
E
x
is
tin
g
d
en
o
tatio
n
s
f
o
r
UX
g
o
f
r
o
m
co
g
n
iti
v
e
to
a
b
u
s
i
n
ess
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
an
d
f
r
o
m
q
u
alit
y
d
r
i
v
e
n
to
v
alu
e
d
r
iv
e
n
.
A
s
Has
s
en
za
l
an
d
T
r
ac
tin
s
k
y
ass
er
t
th
a
t
th
e
n
o
tio
n
o
f
UX
a
i
m
s
at
e
x
ce
ed
in
g
t
h
e
s
h
o
r
tco
m
i
n
g
s
o
f
H
u
m
a
n
C
o
m
p
u
ter
I
n
ter
ac
tio
n
(
H
C
I
)
b
y
h
ig
h
li
g
h
ti
n
g
p
er
tin
e
n
t
f
ac
to
r
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
attr
ac
ti
v
e
n
ess
,
p
leas
u
r
e,
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
a
n
d
in
d
i
v
id
u
a
l
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
t
th
at
f
u
lf
i
l
tr
ad
itio
n
al
h
u
m
an
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
b
u
t
h
a
v
e
litt
le
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
.
UX
ev
al
u
atio
n
is
co
m
p
ar
ativ
el
y
s
i
m
p
ler
w
it
h
p
r
ec
ed
en
t
ap
p
licatio
n
s
t
h
at
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
s
ar
e
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
u
s
i
n
g
as
a
p
ar
t
o
f
t
h
eir
d
ail
y
li
v
es
f
o
r
a
w
h
ile.
I
t
is
all
th
e
m
o
r
e
d
i
f
f
icu
lt
to
a
s
s
e
s
s
U
X
p
r
io
r
to
w
h
e
n
it
i
s
s
i
m
p
l
y
a
m
o
d
el
o
r
e
v
en
a
n
id
ea
o
n
t
h
e
p
ap
er
.
A
ll
th
i
n
g
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
w
e
h
av
e
to
ta
k
e
in
m
i
n
d
t
h
at
ev
er
y
ap
p
licatio
n
w
il
l
p
er
m
it
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ex
p
e
r
i
m
en
ts
b
e
f
o
r
e
it
is
o
u
t
f
o
r
p
eo
p
le
to
u
s
e.
T
h
e
p
r
io
r
w
e
ca
n
a
s
s
es
s
U
X,
t
h
e
m
o
r
e
p
r
o
b
ab
le
w
ill
b
e
th
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
n
e
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
[
2
]
.
B
e
th
at
as
it
m
a
y
,
t
h
er
e
ar
e
a
f
e
w
c
h
alle
n
g
es
to
o
v
er
co
m
e.
T
h
e
in
itial
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
is
f
r
eq
u
en
tl
y
alto
g
eth
er
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
c
o
n
tin
u
i
n
g
U
X,
y
et
w
e
ca
n
’
t
r
u
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
co
n
t
in
u
i
n
g
f
ield
with
id
ea
s
t
h
at
d
o
n
’
t
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
all
th
e
t
h
in
g
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
.
W
e
ca
n
’
t
a
s
s
e
s
s
UX
i
n
t
h
e
g
en
u
i
n
e
s
etti
n
g
s
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
is
o
n
l
y
a
th
o
u
g
h
t
o
n
th
e
p
ap
er
.
A
l
s
o
,
w
e
ca
n
’
t
p
er
ce
iv
e
b
y
w
h
at
m
ea
n
s
t
h
e
d
is
t
i
n
cti
v
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
f
th
e
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
w
il
l
m
ak
e
a
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
i
v
e
U
X
w
h
e
n
w
e
h
a
v
e
a
t
h
o
u
g
h
t
o
f
o
n
e
n
e
w
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
as
it
w
e
r
e.
I
t
is
d
i
f
f
ic
u
lt
to
r
u
n
r
ep
etitiv
e
e
v
al
u
atio
n
s
w
h
ile
th
e
i
n
te
n
d
ed
clien
ts
ar
e
o
n
a
s
ep
ar
ate
m
ai
n
lan
d
in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
to
th
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t.
I
t
m
i
g
h
t
b
e
h
ar
d
to
co
n
cu
r
w
it
h
a
s
h
ar
ed
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
w
it
h
th
e
o
u
ter
p
ar
tn
er
s
w
h
o
i
m
p
ac
t
th
e
UX
[
3
]
.
A
s
o
f
late,
H
C
I
s
c
ien
ti
s
ts
h
a
v
e
s
tar
ted
i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
at
in
g
th
e
r
ela
tio
n
s
h
ip
a
m
o
n
g
s
t
c
lien
t
a
n
d
ite
m
s
u
c
h
as
its
e
m
o
t
io
n
al
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ics
as
o
p
p
o
s
ed
to
ef
f
ec
t
iv
e
n
es
s
;
e
n
co
u
n
ter
s
in
s
tead
o
f
e
x
ec
u
t
io
n
;
f
u
n
an
d
p
lay
ab
il
it
y
i
n
s
tead
o
f
f
au
l
t
r
ate;
an
d
a
m
iab
ilit
y
a
n
d
e
m
o
t
io
n
al
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ic
s
as
o
p
p
o
s
ed
to
in
tellig
e
n
ce
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
E
va
lu
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tio
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p
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UX
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(
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)
2565
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[
4
]
.
T
h
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ar
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m
an
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d
i
f
f
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w
a
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s
a
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tech
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iq
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u
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UX
o
f
w
eb
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
is
ar
is
es
a
q
u
esti
o
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
c
h
o
ice
o
f
tech
n
iq
u
e
to
b
e
u
s
ed
.
Selec
tin
g
an
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
m
et
h
o
d
ca
n
t
u
r
n
o
u
t
to
b
e
ch
alle
n
g
i
n
g
b
ec
au
s
e
it
m
a
y
v
ar
y
b
ased
o
n
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
a
n
d
co
n
te
x
t
o
f
w
h
e
r
e
it
is
b
ein
g
u
s
ed
.
T
h
ese
tech
n
iq
u
es
ca
n
b
e
s
u
b
j
ec
tiv
e,
q
u
an
ti
f
iab
le,
au
to
m
at
ed
o
r
m
a
n
u
a
l.
Mo
s
t
o
f
th
ese
tech
n
iq
u
es
ai
m
a
t
d
eter
m
in
i
n
g
t
h
e
u
s
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
w
eb
ap
p
licatio
n
a
n
d
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
to
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
web
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
5
]
.
Desp
ite
o
f
s
o
m
an
y
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
es
a
n
d
m
o
d
els
b
ei
n
g
d
ev
elo
p
ed
,
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
af
f
ec
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
UX
h
a
v
e
n
o
t
b
ee
n
r
ev
ie
w
ed
f
o
r
m
all
y
.
Ad
d
itio
n
all
y
,
r
eg
ar
d
less
o
f
m
u
ltip
le
tech
n
iq
u
es
u
n
d
er
tak
i
n
g
t
h
e
q
u
alitati
v
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
o
f
u
s
er
s
,
ev
al
u
atio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
w
it
h
lo
w
o
v
er
h
ea
d
co
s
ts
ar
e
s
till
n
o
t d
is
c
o
v
er
ed
[
6
]
.
T
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
m
aj
o
r
l
y
co
n
ce
n
tr
a
tes
o
n
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
a
m
o
d
el
t
h
at
h
elp
s
in
ev
al
u
ati
n
g
t
h
e
U
X
o
f
w
e
b
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
ev
alu
atio
n
is
d
o
n
e
k
ee
p
in
g
in
co
n
s
id
e
r
atio
n
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
t
h
at
af
f
ec
t
t
h
e
UX.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
e
v
al
u
atio
n
,
all
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
ar
e
r
ated
in
d
i
v
id
u
all
y
.
T
h
ese
r
ati
n
g
s
ar
e
t
h
en
f
u
r
t
h
er
u
s
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
t
h
e
o
v
er
all
UX
r
atin
g
f
o
r
th
e
w
eb
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
Alo
n
g
w
it
h
th
e
ev
a
lu
at
io
n
,
th
e
m
o
d
el
also
g
i
v
e
s
o
u
t
s
u
g
g
e
s
tio
n
s
t
h
at
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
s
h
o
r
tco
m
i
n
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
w
eb
ap
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
ese
s
u
g
g
e
s
tio
n
s
ar
e
g
u
id
eli
n
es
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
o
s
e
s
h
o
r
tco
m
i
n
g
s
an
d
d
eliv
er
a
b
etter
UX
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
th
is
p
ap
er
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
Sec
tio
n
2
ex
h
ib
its
t
h
e
r
elate
d
w
o
r
k
s
.
Sectio
n
3
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
th
e
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
in
d
etail.
Sectio
n
4
ex
h
ib
its
t
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
th
e
ex
p
er
i
m
en
ta
l
s
etu
p
.
Sectio
n
5
ex
h
ib
it
s
t
h
e
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
a
n
d
th
e
f
u
t
u
r
e
en
h
a
n
ce
m
e
n
t
s
f
o
r
th
is
w
o
r
k
.
2.
RE
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
S
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
l
iter
atu
r
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
e
x
h
ib
it
s
t
h
e
e
x
i
s
ti
n
g
w
o
r
k
s
t
h
at
ar
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
i
n
th
i
s
s
tu
d
y
b
ased
o
n
th
e
UX
e
v
alu
at
io
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
an
d
th
e
te
c
h
n
iq
u
es
u
s
ed
f
o
r
ev
alu
atio
n
:
T
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
UX
in
v
es
ti
g
atio
n
an
d
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
m
et
h
o
d
s
o
r
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
i
s
to
b
etter
co
n
s
u
m
er
lo
y
a
lt
y
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
u
ti
lit
y
,
c
o
n
v
e
n
ien
ce
an
d
n
at
u
r
e
o
f
co
o
p
er
atio
n
w
i
th
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
ad
m
in
i
s
tr
atio
n
s
a
n
d
s
er
v
ices.
So
f
ar
UX,
b
ar
g
ai
n
s
m
o
r
e
w
it
h
t
h
e
a
s
s
es
s
m
en
t
o
f
m
o
m
e
n
tar
y
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es
a
n
d
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
l
y
o
n
asp
ec
ts
id
en
ti
f
y
in
g
w
it
h
t
h
e
u
n
d
er
l
y
i
n
g
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iatio
n
o
f
n
e
w
ap
p
licatio
n
s
p
lan
s
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
ad
v
an
ce
o
v
er
lo
n
g
le
n
g
th
o
f
t
i
m
e
also
,
th
er
e
f
o
r
e
n
e
w
s
tr
ate
g
ies
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
UX
ass
e
s
s
m
e
n
t.
T
y
p
icall
y
,
ev
al
u
atio
n
o
f
UX
is
q
u
i
te
to
u
g
h
,
g
iv
e
n
t
h
er
e
ar
e
a
v
ar
iet
y
o
f
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
t
h
at
af
f
ec
t
th
e
s
a
m
e.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
m
ak
e
t
h
e
ass
es
s
m
en
t
o
r
g
an
ized
an
d
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
ed
it
is
v
er
y
n
ec
e
s
s
ar
y
to
elu
c
id
ate
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
an
d
d
eter
m
i
n
e
a
test
p
lan
.
E
v
alu
a
tio
n
m
e
th
o
d
s
R
ep
er
to
r
y
Gr
id
T
ec
h
n
iq
u
e
(
R
GT
)
an
d
UX
C
u
r
v
e
h
elp
s
in
d
eter
m
in
i
n
g
th
e
s
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
an
d
g
r
ap
h
s
to
ev
al
u
ate
U
X
.
Nev
er
th
ele
s
s
,
t
h
ese
m
et
h
o
d
s
ar
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
b
u
t
o
th
er
ass
es
s
m
en
t
m
et
h
o
d
s
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
ev
alu
ate
UX
e
f
f
ic
i
en
tl
y
[
8
]
.
U
X
h
a
s
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
an
d
te
n
d
ed
to
is
s
u
es
o
f
p
la
n
a
n
d
as
s
es
s
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
b
et
wee
n
clie
n
t
s
,
in
ter
f
ac
e
s
an
d
P
C
s
p
ast
th
e
l
ev
el
o
f
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e.
T
h
e
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
t,
w
h
at
’
s
m
o
r
e,
en
t
h
u
s
ia
s
m
f
o
r
UX
r
is
es
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
ta
ll
y
a
s
t
h
e
n
ec
e
s
s
i
t
ies
o
f
clie
n
t
s
t
u
r
n
o
u
t
to
b
e
m
o
r
e
i
n
tr
icate
a
n
d
en
h
a
n
ce
.
UX
is
p
r
o
g
r
ess
in
g
i
n
HC
I
w
h
ich
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
g
ad
g
et
s
,
n
e
w
g
ad
g
et
p
la
n
s
,
s
o
cial
n
e
ed
s
,
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
v
er
s
atile,
o
m
n
ip
r
ese
n
t,
s
o
cial
an
d
u
n
m
i
s
tak
ab
le
f
ig
u
r
i
n
g
ad
v
an
ce
s
.
UX
h
as
m
o
r
eo
v
er
g
o
n
e
p
ast
co
n
v
en
tio
n
a
l
u
s
ab
ilit
y
b
u
ild
in
g
.
I
t
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
ates
clien
t
s
’
e
m
o
tio
n
s
,
i
n
s
p
ir
atio
n
s
an
d
q
u
a
liti
es
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
g
i
v
e
n
m
o
r
e
ac
ce
n
tu
a
tio
n
n
o
t
w
i
th
s
ta
n
d
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
f
icien
c
y
,
ad
eq
u
ac
y
an
d
ess
e
n
tial
f
u
l
f
il
m
e
n
t
w
h
ic
h
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
th
e
―
c
u
s
to
m
ar
y
‖
w
h
ich
m
ea
n
s
e
ase
o
f
u
s
e.
UX
co
v
er
s
t
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
s
ite,
w
h
at
’
s
m
o
r
e,
ite
m
o
u
tl
in
e;
it
i
s
in
t
h
is
w
a
y
cr
itical
to
jo
in
th
e
en
t
h
u
s
ia
s
m
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
p
ar
tn
er
s
.
T
h
e
f
ield
o
f
UX
is
n
o
r
m
a
l
to
co
v
er
all
th
e
e
n
co
m
p
as
s
i
n
g
p
o
in
t
o
f
v
ie
w
o
n
h
o
w
a
m
an
o
r
clien
t
f
ee
ls
ab
o
u
t
u
t
ilizi
n
g
a
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
o
r
ite
m
.
T
h
e
em
p
h
asi
s
is
o
n
d
eli
g
h
t
a
n
d
q
u
alities
as
o
p
p
o
s
ed
to
o
n
e
x
ec
u
t
io
n
.
T
h
e
ex
a
m
in
at
io
n
f
in
d
s
th
at
t
h
e
s
o
r
t
an
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
s
ta
g
e
cla
s
s
i
f
icat
i
o
n
s
ar
e
m
o
s
t
m
ai
n
s
tr
ea
m
(
i.e
.
th
e
y
h
a
v
e
th
e
b
est
r
ec
u
r
r
e
n
ce
)
an
d
co
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
h
av
e
t
h
e
g
r
ea
test
e
f
f
e
ct.
T
h
is
is
s
i
n
ce
,
i
n
v
ie
w
o
f
t
h
ese
cl
ass
i
f
icatio
n
s
,
UX
a
n
al
y
s
t
s
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
als
ca
n
u
n
d
o
u
b
ted
l
y
d
i
s
ti
n
g
u
i
s
h
t
h
e
m
o
s
t r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
UX
ev
al
u
atio
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
f
o
r
th
eir
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
[
9
]
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
ev
er
al
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
s
tr
ate
g
ies
th
a
t
h
elp
d
esi
g
n
er
s
i
n
t
h
e
m
a
k
i
n
g
o
f
i
n
telli
g
e
n
t
elec
tr
o
n
ic
ite
m
s
,
ad
m
i
n
i
s
tr
atio
n
s
an
d
s
i
tu
atio
n
s
t
h
at
ar
e
b
o
th
s
i
m
p
l
e
an
d
s
u
itab
le
to
u
s
e
f
o
r
t
h
e
tar
g
et
a
u
d
ien
ce
.
T
h
is
tar
g
et
a
u
d
ien
ce
ca
n
b
e
th
e
w
id
es
t
s
co
p
e
o
f
i
n
d
i
v
id
u
als,
co
m
p
r
i
s
in
g
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als
w
it
h
l
ea
r
n
in
g
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
ies
o
r
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
p
eo
p
le
[
1
0
]
.
I
s
s
u
es
i
n
t
h
e
d
o
m
ai
n
o
f
c
o
n
v
e
n
ien
ce
m
i
g
h
t
b
e
en
h
a
n
ce
d
in
UX
as
a
r
esu
lt
o
f
its
b
ig
g
er
d
eg
r
ee
.
T
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
i
s
s
u
es
ar
e
d
e
f
in
itio
n
,
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ati
n
g
,
tech
n
iq
u
e
d
eter
m
in
a
tio
n
a
n
d
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
t.
I
t
is
e
x
p
ec
ted
to
b
u
ild
u
p
a
m
o
r
e
p
r
o
f
o
u
n
d
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
io
n
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
w
h
at
th
e
as
s
es
s
m
en
t
i
n
p
u
t
co
n
s
tit
u
tes
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
i
n
g
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
en
t,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
q
u
a
liti
es
li
k
e
f
u
n
,
tr
u
s
t,
ta
s
te
f
u
l
estee
m
s
ar
e
co
n
ce
r
n
ed
[
1
1
]
.
A
s
i
m
ilar
s
tr
ate
g
y
p
r
esen
ts
U
X
as
m
o
d
el
f
r
a
m
e
d
u
s
i
n
g
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
th
at
e
x
is
t
w
it
h
i
n
5
p
lan
e
s
o
f
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
n
a
m
e
l
y
s
tr
ate
g
y
,
s
co
p
e,
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
s
k
eleto
n
an
d
s
u
r
f
ac
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
201
9
:
2
5
6
4
-
2570
2566
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
h
elp
s
i
n
id
en
ti
f
y
i
n
g
h
o
w
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
i
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ter
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ac
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en
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n
d
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te
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y
ele
m
en
ts
i
n
ter
ac
t
w
it
h
o
n
e
an
o
th
er
[
1
2
]
.
E
ase
o
f
u
s
e
a
n
d
UX
ar
e
cr
itical
m
etr
ic
s
f
o
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ec
ti
n
g
th
e
q
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.
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h
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d
if
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ic
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ltie
s
co
n
f
r
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n
ted
in
m
an
u
al
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e
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u
s
e
te
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ti
n
g
o
f
f
er
ed
to
ascen
d
to
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
ea
s
e
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f
u
s
e
ev
alu
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tio
n
in
s
tr
u
m
e
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ts
i
n
t
h
e
m
ar
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et.
A
s
th
e
s
e
i
n
s
tr
u
m
e
n
ts
m
i
g
h
t
b
e
e
x
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itan
t,
it
is
i
m
p
er
ativ
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ea
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s
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ialis
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ize
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ec
o
n
o
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ics
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h
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s
tr
u
m
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ts
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T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
ai
m
i
s
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as
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y
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g
u
p
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ce
So
f
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w
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ca
lled
Ulti
m
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Dep
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n
d
ab
le
an
d
Nati
v
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Usab
ili
t
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y
s
te
m
(
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to
h
el
p
m
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r
o
ce
d
u
r
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tili
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d
f
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r
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e
test
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T
h
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f
i
n
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ai
m
i
s
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s
ta
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ar
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ize
UR
A
NU
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g
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ev
ices.
T
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r
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ailed
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e
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R
ap
id
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p
p
li
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Dev
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m
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t
(
R
A
D)
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I
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o
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L
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UT
co
r
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UR
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n
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ed
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p
s
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ig
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s
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es
w
i
th
ea
s
e
o
f
p
r
o
p
r
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eto
r
s
h
ip
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T
h
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
UR
A
NUS
d
ep
en
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s
o
n
th
e
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r
er
eq
u
is
ite
s
g
o
t
f
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m
th
e
e
x
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er
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an
d
b
y
b
en
ch
m
ar
k
i
n
g
ag
ai
n
s
t
e
x
is
ti
n
g
i
n
s
tr
u
m
en
t
s
.
I
n
s
p
ite
o
f
th
e
f
ac
t
t
h
at
all
n
ec
es
s
iti
es
w
er
e
f
in
i
s
h
ed
,
an
ex
a
m
i
n
atio
n
w
it
h
f
o
r
m
er
UX
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
ts
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
s
th
at
UR
ANUS
h
as
a
m
o
d
er
atel
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d
ec
en
t
ad
j
u
s
t
s
co
r
ec
ar
d
o
f
6
5
%
co
n
tr
asted
w
it
h
Mo
r
ae
an
d
T
o
b
ii
Stu
d
io
th
at
h
a
s
7
0
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w
h
at
’
s
m
o
r
e,
6
5
%
in
d
iv
id
u
all
y
.
T
h
is
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ates
U
R
A
N
US
c
an
b
e
u
tili
ze
d
d
ep
en
d
ab
l
y
a
n
d
w
il
l
p
r
o
f
it
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e
s
p
ec
i
alis
ts
.
W
h
at
’
s
m
o
r
e,
th
e
T
C
O
an
d
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x
a
m
i
n
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p
er
f
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ed
u
ti
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b
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co
n
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x
t
u
al
in
v
e
s
ti
g
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s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
s
th
a
t
UR
A
NU
S
h
as
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
m
i
n
i
m
al
ex
p
e
n
s
e
o
f
p
r
o
p
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r
s
h
ip
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d
ex
p
en
s
e
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
T
h
is
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
s
th
a
t
UR
A
NU
S
r
eq
u
ir
es
t
h
e
m
in
i
m
u
m
b
u
d
g
etar
y
s
p
ec
u
latio
n
co
n
tr
asted
w
it
h
t
h
e
o
t
h
er
f
in
an
ciall
y
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
d
ev
ices [
1
3
]
.
3.
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
T
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
f
o
cu
s
o
f
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
i
s
to
d
e
v
elo
p
a
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
o
r
a
s
y
s
te
m
w
h
ic
h
a
n
al
y
s
es
a
w
eb
ap
p
licatio
n
b
ased
o
n
s
o
m
e
p
r
ed
ef
in
ed
UX
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
.
T
h
ese
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
w
i
ll
b
e
u
s
e
d
as
th
e
ev
al
u
atio
n
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
th
e
o
v
er
al
l
UX
o
f
th
e
w
eb
ap
p
licatio
n
b
y
d
eter
m
i
n
in
g
a
r
ati
n
g
f
o
r
ea
c
h
o
f
t
h
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
w
h
ich
w
il
l,
i
n
t
u
r
n
,
d
eter
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
o
v
er
all
r
ati
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
w
eb
ap
p
li
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
w
h
o
le
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
lo
w
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
i
s
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
P
r
o
ce
s
s
f
lo
w
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
is
to
ac
q
u
ir
e
th
e
w
eb
p
ag
es/
w
eb
s
ite/
w
eb
ap
p
licatio
n
th
at
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
an
al
y
s
ed
.
T
h
ese
w
eb
p
ag
es
ac
t
as
an
i
n
p
u
t
to
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
Af
ter
t
h
e
in
p
u
t
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
p
h
ase,
co
m
es
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
p
h
ase.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
p
h
a
s
e
h
as
s
u
b
-
ac
ti
v
itie
s
:
First,
t
h
e
p
a
r
a
m
eter
s
a
r
e
to
b
e
ac
q
u
ir
ed
b
ased
o
n
wh
ich
t
h
e
w
eb
p
ag
e
s
w
il
l
b
e
ev
alu
ated
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
ca
teg
o
r
ies
o
f
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
li
k
e
–
w
eb
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
o
p
tim
izat
io
n
,
lo
o
k
an
d
f
ee
l,
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
w
eb
d
esi
g
n
,
etc.
O
n
ce
t
h
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
ar
e
ac
q
u
ir
ed
th
o
s
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
n
e
ed
to
b
e
m
ap
p
ed
to
th
e
w
eb
p
ag
es
in
o
r
d
er
to
an
al
y
s
e
t
h
e
w
eb
p
ag
es.
T
h
e
n
,
to
q
u
an
t
if
y
th
e
UX
o
f
t
h
e
s
el
ec
ted
w
eb
p
ag
e
t
h
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
a
n
al
y
s
ed
.
Fin
all
y
,
a
f
ter
a
n
al
y
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
th
e
f
in
al
o
u
tp
u
t
i
s
r
ec
eiv
ed
i
n
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
s
a
n
d
s
u
g
g
est
io
n
s
t
h
at
ca
n
h
elp
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
UX.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
w
ill
b
e
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
w
eb
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
p
ti
m
izat
io
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
.
T
h
ese
p
ar
am
eter
s
f
o
cu
s
o
n
t
h
e
b
es
t p
r
ac
tices a
n
d
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
w
eb
s
ite
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
d
is
p
la
y
co
n
te
n
t
s
f
aster
to
t
h
e
e
n
d
-
u
s
er
,
a
s
w
e
ll
as
s
a
v
e
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
a
n
d
e
n
er
g
y
p
o
w
er
.
Op
ti
m
ized
co
n
t
en
t
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
/d
ata
d
eliv
er
y
a
n
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
s
er
v
e
r
r
esp
o
n
s
e
ti
m
e.
T
h
is
e
x
p
er
im
en
tal
s
t
u
d
y
h
as
b
ee
n
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
t
w
o
p
h
a
s
es
:
P
h
ase
1
d
is
clo
s
es
th
e
id
en
tif
icat
io
n
o
f
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
an
d
P
h
as
e
2
ex
h
ib
its
th
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
id
en
ti
f
ied
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
E
va
lu
a
tio
n
o
f web
a
p
p
lica
tio
n
s
b
a
s
ed
o
n
UX
p
a
r
a
mete
r
s
(
A
n
is
h
Mis
tr
y
)
2567
3
.
1
.
P
ha
s
e
1
:
identif
ica
t
io
n o
f
t
he
pa
ra
m
et
er
s
B
ef
o
r
e
s
tar
tin
g
th
e
e
v
alu
a
tio
n
o
f
UX
w
it
h
a
n
y
k
i
n
d
o
f
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
an
d
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
,
it
is
v
er
y
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
to
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
,
―
W
h
at
d
o
es
UX
d
ep
en
d
o
n
?
‖,
―
W
h
at
f
ac
to
r
s
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
UX
?
‖,
―
W
h
at
ar
e
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
t
h
at
a
f
f
ec
t
th
e
o
v
e
r
all
UX?
‖,
etc.
T
h
e
an
s
w
er
to
th
e
s
e
q
u
esti
o
n
s
ca
n
g
i
v
e
a
c
o
m
p
lete
clar
it
y
o
n
h
o
w
to
g
et
s
tar
ted
w
it
h
t
h
e
e
v
alu
a
tio
n
o
r
ass
e
s
s
m
e
n
t.
So
,
f
o
r
ass
ess
i
n
g
UX
o
f
a
w
eb
ap
p
licatio
n
,
it
is
v
er
y
cr
u
cial
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
t
h
e
f
ac
to
r
s
o
r
p
ar
am
eter
s
th
a
t i
m
p
ac
t U
X
o
f
w
eb
ap
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
t
h
at
i
m
p
ac
t
U
X
o
f
w
e
b
ap
p
licatio
n
s
i
n
v
ar
io
u
s
w
a
y
s
.
T
h
ese
p
ar
am
eter
s
ca
n
b
e
b
r
o
ad
ly
clas
s
i
f
ied
in
to
t
w
o
s
ets:
T
ec
h
n
ical
P
ar
a
m
eter
s
an
d
No
n
-
T
ec
h
n
ical
P
ar
am
eter
s
.
T
h
e
tech
n
ical
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
p
o
r
tr
a
y
th
e
tech
n
ical
a
s
p
ec
ts
o
f
a
w
eb
ap
p
licatio
n
s
u
ch
as r
esp
o
n
s
e
ti
m
e
o
f
th
e
w
eb
ap
p
licatio
n
,
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
HT
T
P
r
eq
u
ests
m
ad
e
to
lo
ad
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
w
eb
p
ag
e,
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
e
m
p
t
y
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
i
n
HT
ML
ta
g
s
,
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
ed
ir
e
cts,
etc.
On
t
h
e
co
n
tr
ar
y
,
th
e
n
o
n
-
tec
h
n
ica
l
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
d
ea
l
w
it
h
th
e
v
i
s
u
al
ap
p
ea
r
an
ce
o
f
th
e
w
eb
ap
p
licatio
n
li
k
e
d
esig
n
,
l
a
y
o
u
t
s
,
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
,
co
lo
u
r
s
,
etc.
I
n
o
th
er
w
o
r
d
s
,
w
e
ca
n
s
a
y
t
h
at
t
h
e
tec
h
n
ica
l
p
ar
am
eter
s
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
t
ec
h
n
ica
liti
es
o
f
th
e
w
eb
ap
p
licatio
n
w
h
ile
n
o
n
-
tech
n
ical
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
lo
o
k
a
n
d
f
ee
l
o
f
t
h
e
w
eb
ap
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
is
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t,
b
u
t
h
o
w
ev
er
,
a
g
o
o
d
v
i
s
u
al
d
esi
g
n
alo
n
e
ca
n
n
o
t
n
ec
ess
ar
i
l
y
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
g
o
o
d
UX.
Fo
r
i
n
s
t
an
ce
,
a
g
r
ea
t
v
is
u
al
d
esig
n
ca
n
n
o
t
s
a
v
e
a
w
eb
ap
p
l
icatio
n
t
h
at
is
to
o
co
m
p
lex
to
u
s
e.
So
,
f
o
r
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
o
p
ti
m
al
UX,
it i
s
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
to
h
av
e
a
b
alan
ce
o
f
b
o
th
tec
h
n
ical
an
d
n
o
n
-
tec
h
n
ical
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
.
T
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
P
h
a
s
e
1
w
a
s
to
id
en
ti
f
y
a
s
et
o
f
UX
p
ar
am
eter
s
th
at
w
o
u
ld
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
ev
al
u
ati
n
g
th
e
UX
o
f
a
w
eb
ap
p
licatio
n
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
a
m
o
d
el
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
[
1
4
]
w
h
ic
h
i
s
b
ased
o
n
Her
zb
er
g
’
s
t
w
o
-
f
ac
to
r
t
h
eo
r
y
,
t
h
e
d
es
ig
n
f
ac
t
o
r
s
f
o
r
a
w
eb
ap
p
licatio
n
ca
n
b
e
cla
s
s
i
f
ied
in
to
t
w
o
ca
te
g
o
r
ies:
h
y
g
ie
n
e
an
d
m
o
tiv
a
to
r
.
A
l
l
t
h
e
f
ac
to
r
s
w
h
o
s
e
ex
is
te
n
ce
m
a
k
es
t
h
e
w
eb
ap
p
licatio
n
u
s
ab
le
o
r
o
p
er
ativ
e
a
n
d
v
al
u
ab
le,
w
h
ile
u
n
a
v
ailab
ili
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
f
ac
to
r
s
g
e
n
er
ates
d
i
s
co
n
te
n
t
a
n
d
d
is
p
leasu
r
e
i
n
u
s
er
s
ar
e
k
n
o
w
n
as
h
y
g
ie
n
e
f
ac
to
r
s
.
An
e
x
a
m
p
le
o
f
t
h
is
w
o
u
ld
b
e
h
y
p
er
li
n
k
s
o
n
a
w
eb
p
ag
e
,
i.e
.
liv
e
h
y
p
er
li
n
k
s
m
ak
e
t
h
e
w
eb
ap
p
licatio
n
o
p
er
atio
n
al
b
u
t
b
r
o
k
e
n
h
y
p
er
l
in
k
s
cr
ea
te
d
is
p
leas
u
r
e
an
d
f
r
u
s
tr
atio
n
i
n
u
s
er
s
.
O
n
t
h
e
o
t
h
er
s
id
e,
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
w
h
ic
h
ad
d
ex
tr
a
v
al
u
e
to
th
e
w
eb
ap
p
licatio
n
o
r
en
h
an
ce
it
b
y
i
m
p
ac
ti
n
g
th
e
u
s
er
s
at
is
f
a
ctio
n
ar
e
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
m
o
tiv
a
to
r
s
.
L
ac
k
o
f
m
o
t
iv
ato
r
s
d
o
esn
’
t
af
f
ec
t
t
h
e
U
X
m
u
c
h
,
co
n
s
id
er
i
n
g
t
h
at
t
h
e
h
y
g
ien
e
f
ac
to
r
s
ar
e
i
n
o
r
d
er
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
p
le
s
t
e
x
a
m
p
le
o
f
m
o
ti
v
ato
r
s
i
s
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
m
u
lti
m
ed
ia
in
w
eb
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
i.e
.
p
r
es
en
ce
o
f
m
u
lti
m
ed
ia
en
h
a
n
ce
s
t
h
e
UX.
I
n
a
s
i
m
ilar
lin
e
o
f
t
h
i
n
k
in
g
,
[
1
5
]
h
av
e
al
s
o
d
ef
in
ed
ce
r
t
ai
n
cr
iter
ia
to
ev
alu
a
te
UX
s
u
c
h
as
v
is
u
al
h
ier
ar
ch
y
,
co
n
tr
a
s
t,
u
s
e
o
f
co
lo
u
r
,
lab
els,
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
f
o
r
m
s
,
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
,
p
h
y
s
ical
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
s
,
f
ir
s
t
-
ti
m
e
u
s
er
an
d
s
cr
ee
n
s
ize
.
T
h
ese
cr
iter
ia
f
o
cu
s
o
n
l
y
o
n
th
e
v
is
u
al
ap
p
ea
r
an
ce
o
f
th
e
w
eb
ap
p
licatio
n
a
n
d
n
o
t th
e
tec
h
n
ical
d
etails.
A
lo
n
g
w
it
h
t
h
e
ab
o
v
e
-
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
cr
iter
ia
an
d
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
,
th
er
e
w
er
e
f
u
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
ar
am
eter
s
th
a
t
w
er
e
s
t
u
d
ied
.
Fro
m
th
e
s
e
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
s
et
s
o
f
p
a
r
a
m
eter
s
,
a
f
in
a
l
s
et
o
f
UX
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
co
n
s
i
s
ti
n
g
o
f
tech
n
ical
a
n
d
n
o
n
-
tec
h
n
ica
l
p
ar
am
e
ter
s
w
as
id
e
n
ti
f
ied
f
o
r
ev
alu
at
in
g
UX
o
f
a
w
eb
ap
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
e
f
i
n
al
s
et
o
f
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
te
d
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
ab
le
1
.
I
d
en
tif
ied
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
Ty
p
e
D
e
scri
p
t
i
o
n
R
e
sp
o
n
se
T
i
me
T
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l
I
t
d
e
t
e
r
mi
n
e
s t
h
e
t
i
me
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
t
o
l
o
a
d
t
h
e
w
e
b
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
R
e
sp
o
n
s
i
v
e
W
e
b
D
e
si
g
n
N
o
n
-
T
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l
I
t
d
e
t
e
r
mi
n
e
s h
o
w
w
e
l
l
t
h
e
w
e
b
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
d
e
si
g
n
a
d
a
p
t
s
t
o
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
scre
e
n
si
z
e
s
H
TT
P
R
e
q
u
e
st
s
T
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l
I
t
d
e
t
e
r
mi
n
e
s t
h
e
mi
n
i
m
u
m
n
u
mb
e
r
o
f
r
e
q
u
e
st
s
t
o
l
o
a
d
t
h
e
w
e
b
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
R
e
q
u
e
st
S
i
z
e
T
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l
I
t
d
e
t
e
r
mi
n
e
s t
h
e
si
z
e
o
f
t
h
e
H
T
T
P
r
e
q
u
e
st
Emp
t
y
S
R
C
o
r
H
R
EF
N
o
n
-
T
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l
I
t
d
e
t
e
r
mi
n
e
s t
h
e
n
u
mb
e
r
o
f
e
mp
t
y
so
u
r
c
e
s o
r
h
y
p
e
r
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s i
n
H
T
M
L
t
a
g
s
I
mag
e
s w
i
t
h
o
u
t
A
L
T
a
t
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
N
o
n
-
T
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l
I
t
d
e
t
e
r
mi
n
e
s t
h
e
n
u
mb
e
r
o
f
i
m
a
g
e
t
a
g
s w
i
t
h
o
u
t
A
L
T
a
t
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
M
i
s
p
l
a
c
e
d
C
S
S
T
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l
I
t
d
e
t
e
r
mi
n
e
s t
h
e
n
u
mb
e
r
o
f
mi
s
p
l
a
c
e
d
C
S
S
f
i
l
e
s
M
i
s
p
l
a
c
e
d
JS
T
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l
I
t
d
e
t
e
r
mi
n
e
s t
h
e
n
u
mb
e
r
o
f
mi
s
p
l
a
c
e
d
JS
f
i
l
e
s
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
C
S
S
N
o
n
-
T
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l
I
t
d
e
t
e
r
mi
n
e
s t
h
e
n
u
mb
e
r
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
C
S
S
f
i
l
e
s
3
.
2
.
P
ha
s
e
2
:
c
o
m
pu
t
a
t
io
n o
f
t
he
pa
ra
m
et
er
s
T
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
P
h
ase
2
w
as
to
co
m
p
u
te
th
e
s
e
t
o
f
tec
h
n
ica
l
an
d
n
o
n
-
tec
h
n
ical
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
th
at
w
er
e
id
en
ti
f
ied
in
P
h
ase
1
.
T
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ased
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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8
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p
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eq
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ter
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k
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as
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cr
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eb
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cr
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(
also
k
n
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h
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tin
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ata
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m
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p
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an
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ap
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[
1
6
]
.
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p
[
1
7
]
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a
P
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ML
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t th
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eq
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4.
E
XP
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R
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M
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S D
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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p
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I
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N:
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2569
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th
a
t
i
n
p
u
tt
in
g
th
e
U
R
L
o
f
a
w
eb
ap
p
licatio
n
in
d
u
ce
d
i
n
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
r
ati
n
g
s
o
f
ea
ch
o
f
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
a
n
d
o
v
er
all
UX
r
at
in
g
o
f
th
e
w
eb
ap
p
licatio
n
.
A
ls
o
,
b
ased
o
n
t
h
ese
r
atin
g
s
s
u
g
g
es
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
s
w
er
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
f
o
r
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
UX
o
f
t
h
e
w
eb
ap
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
ca
n
b
e
ex
ten
d
ed
b
y
ad
d
in
g
m
o
r
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
ac
h
iev
e
b
etter
User
E
x
p
er
ien
c
e.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
R.
Ha
rtso
n
a
n
d
P
.
S
.
P
y
la,
―
T
h
e
UX
Bo
o
k
:
P
r
o
c
e
ss
a
n
d
G
u
id
e
li
n
e
s
f
o
r
En
su
rin
g
a
Qu
a
li
ty
Us
e
r
Ex
p
e
rien
c
e
,
‖
M
o
rg
a
n
Ka
u
fm
a
n
n
P
u
b
li
sh
e
rs,
2
0
1
2
.
[2
]
M
.
Ha
ss
e
n
z
a
h
l
a
n
d
N.
T
ra
c
ti
n
sk
y
,
―
Us
e
r
Ex
p
e
rien
c
e
–
a
re
se
a
rc
h
a
g
e
n
d
a
,
‖
Beh
a
v
i
o
u
r
a
n
d
I
n
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
2
5
(2
),
p
p
.
9
1
-
9
7
,
2
0
0
6
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
201
9
:
2
5
6
4
-
2570
2570
[3
]
D
.
S
a
so
n
g
k
o
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
―
T
h
e
De
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
Dig
it
a
l
L
ib
ra
r
y
Us
e
r
I
n
terf
a
c
e
b
y
U
sin
g
Re
sp
o
n
siv
e
Web
De
sig
n
a
n
d
Us
e
r
Ex
p
e
rien
c
e
,
‖
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
4
(
1
)
,
p
p
.
1
9
5
-
2
0
2
,
2
0
1
6
.
[4
]
Ka
tie
L
.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
―
Ca
teg
o
risa
ti
o
n
o
f
v
isu
a
li
sa
ti
o
n
m
e
th
o
d
s
t
o
su
p
p
o
rt
th
e
d
e
sig
n
o
f
h
u
m
a
n
-
c
o
m
p
u
ter
in
tera
c
ti
o
n
s
y
ste
m
s
,
‖
Ap
p
li
e
d
Erg
o
n
o
mic
s
,
v
o
l.
5
5
,
p
p
.
8
5
-
1
0
7
,
2
0
1
6
.
[5
]
M
.
F
.
Uk
rit
,
e
t
a
l.
,
―
L
o
c
a
ti
o
n
Ba
se
d
S
e
rv
ice
s
w
it
h
L
o
c
a
ti
o
n
Ce
n
tr
ic
P
ro
f
il
e
s
,
‖
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
6
(
6
)
,
p
p
.
3
0
0
1
-
3
0
0
5
,
2
0
1
6
.
[6
]
N.
Đ
.
đ
e
v
ić,
―
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
u
sa
b
il
it
y
o
f
Web
-
b
a
se
d
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
‖
V
o
jn
o
teh
n
ičk
i
g
l
a
sn
ik
/
M
il
it
a
ry
T
e
c
h
n
ica
l
Co
u
rie
r
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
6
5
(3
),
p
p
.
7
8
5
-
8
0
2
,
2
0
1
7.
[7
]
K.
V
.
V
.
M
a
tt
il
a
a
n
d
M
.
W
ä
lj
a
s
,
―
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
n
g
Us
e
r
Ex
p
e
rien
c
e
o
f
Cro
ss
P
latf
o
rm
Web
S
e
rv
ice
s
w
it
h
He
u
risti
c
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
M
e
th
o
d
,
‖
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Art
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
3
(
4
),
p
p
.
4
0
2
-
4
2
1
,
2
0
1
0
.
[8
]
V
.
Ba
las
u
b
ra
m
o
n
iam
a
n
d
N.
T
u
n
g
a
tk
a
r,
―
S
tu
d
y
o
f
Us
e
r
Ex
p
e
rien
c
e
(UX
)
a
n
d
UX
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
m
e
t
hods
,
‖
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
Res
e
a
rc
h
i
n
Co
m
p
u
ter
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
&
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
IJ
AR
CET
)
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
2
(
3
)
,
p
p
.
1
2
1
4
-
1
2
1
9
,
2
0
1
3
.
[9
]
S
.
Ra
jes
h
k
u
m
a
r,
e
t
a
l.
,
―
T
a
x
o
n
o
m
ie
s
o
f
Us
e
r
Ex
p
e
rien
c
e
(UX
)
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
M
e
t
h
o
d
s
,
‖
3
r
d
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Res
e
a
rc
h
a
n
d
I
n
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
in
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
ms
,
p
p
.
5
3
3
-
5
3
8
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
0
]
H.
P
e
tri
e
a
n
d
N.
Be
v
a
n
,
―
T
h
e
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
a
c
c
e
ss
ib
il
it
y
,
u
sa
b
il
it
y
a
n
d
u
se
r
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
,
‖
T
h
e
Un
ive
rs
a
l
Acc
e
ss
Ha
n
d
b
o
o
k
,
CRC
P
re
ss
,
p
p
.
1
0
-
2
0
,
2
0
0
9
.
[1
1
]
E.
L
a
w
a
n
d
S
.
A
b
ra
h
ã
o
,
―
In
te
rp
lay
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
Us
e
r
Ex
p
e
rien
c
e
(UX
)
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
sy
ste
m
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
,
‖
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
H
u
ma
n
-
Co
mp
u
ter
S
tu
d
ies
,
v
o
l
/
issu
e
:
7
2
(6
),
p
p
.
5
2
3
-
5
2
5
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
2
]
J.
J.
G
a
rre
t,
―
T
h
e
El
e
m
e
n
ts
o
f
Us
e
r
Ex
p
e
rien
c
e
:
Us
e
r
-
c
e
n
tere
d
De
s
ig
n
f
o
r
th
e
W
e
b
,
‖
Ne
w
Rid
e
rs P
u
b
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
2
0
0
3
.
[1
3
]
A
.
S
iv
a
ji
a
n
d
S
.
T
.
S
o
o
,
―
W
e
b
site
Us
e
r
Ex
p
e
rien
c
e
(UX
)
T
e
stin
g
T
o
o
l
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
u
sin
g
Op
e
n
S
o
u
rc
e
S
o
f
twa
re
(OSS
)
,
‖
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s o
f
S
o
u
th
e
a
st
Asia
n
Ne
two
rk
o
f
Erg
o
n
o
mic
s S
o
c
ieties
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(
S
EA
NES
)
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
4
]
P.
Zh
a
n
g
a
n
d
M
.
G
.
v
o
n
Dra
n
,
―
S
a
ti
sf
ier
s
a
n
d
Diss
a
ti
s
f
iers
:
A
Tw
o
-
F
a
c
to
r
M
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
W
e
b
s
it
e
De
sig
n
a
n
d
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
,
‖
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
t
h
e
Ame
ric
a
n
S
o
c
iety
fo
r I
n
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
5
1
(1
4
),
p
p
.
1
2
5
3
-
1
2
6
8
,
2
0
0
0
.
[1
5
]
―
UX
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
Crit
e
ria
-
U
XCh
a
ll
e
n
g
e
.
o
rg
,
‖
UX
Ch
a
ll
e
n
g
e
.
o
r
g
,
2
0
1
8
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
:/
/u
x
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
.
o
rg
/u
se
r
-
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
-
ux
-
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
-
c
rit
e
ria.
[1
6
]
―
W
e
b
sc
ra
p
in
g
,
‖
e
n
.
w
i
k
ip
e
d
ia.o
rg
,
2
0
1
8
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s://
e
n
.
w
ik
ip
e
d
ia.o
rg
/w
ik
i/
W
e
b
_
sc
ra
p
in
g
.
[1
7
]
―
Be
a
u
ti
f
u
l
S
o
u
p
Do
c
u
m
e
n
tatio
n
—
Be
a
u
ti
f
u
l
S
o
u
p
4
.
4
.
0
d
o
c
u
m
e
n
tatio
n
,
‖
Cru
m
m
y
.
c
o
m
,
2
0
1
8
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s:/
/www
.
c
ru
m
m
y
.
c
o
m
/
so
f
t
w
a
re
/Bea
u
ti
f
u
lS
o
u
p
/b
s
4
/d
o
c
/.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
An
is
h
M
istr
y
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
p
u
rsu
i
n
g
M
CA
f
ro
m
D
e
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter S
c
ien
c
e
,
CHRIST
(De
e
m
e
d
to
b
e
Un
iv
e
rsity
),
Be
n
g
a
lu
ru
,
In
d
i
a
.
A
s p
a
rt
o
f
th
e
c
u
rricu
lu
m
,
h
e
h
a
s u
n
d
e
rtak
e
n
th
e
re
se
a
rc
h
a
n
d
h
i
s
a
re
a
s o
f
in
tere
st i
n
c
lu
d
e
s Us
e
r
Ex
p
e
rien
c
e
(UX
),
A
g
il
e
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
a
n
d
Clo
u
d
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
.
R.
Ar
o
k
ia
P
a
u
l
R
a
ja
n
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
w
o
rk
in
g
a
s
A
ss
o
c
iate
P
ro
f
e
s
so
r,
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
,
C
HRIST
(De
e
m
e
d
to
b
e
Un
iv
e
rsity
)
,
Be
n
g
a
lu
ru
,
I
n
d
i
a
.
He
h
o
ld
s
P
h
.
D.
i
n
C
o
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
&
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
P
o
n
d
ich
e
rry
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
In
d
ia.
His
r
e
se
a
rc
h
a
r
e
a
is
d
a
ta
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
in
Clo
u
d
a
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
s.
He
p
u
b
li
s
h
e
d
1
3
re
se
a
rc
h
p
a
p
e
rs
i
n
v
a
rio
u
s
i
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
jo
u
rn
a
ls
a
n
d
c
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.