Internati
o
nal
Journal of Ele
c
trical
and Computer
Engineering
(IJE
CE)
V
o
l.
5, N
o
. 1
,
Febr
u
a
r
y
201
5,
pp
. 11
9
~
12
8
I
S
SN
: 208
8-8
7
0
8
1
19
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: h
ttp
://iaesjo
u
r
na
l.com/
o
n
lin
e/ind
e
x.ph
p
/
IJECE
Perform
a
nce An
alysi
s
of Tran
smit Antenna Selection with
MRC in MIMO for Image Transmission in Multipath Fading
Channels Using Simulink
Vaib
hav S. He
ndre*, **, M. Muru
gan
*
**,
Sneh
a
K
a
m
t
h
e
*
* Department of
Electronics and
Teleco
mmunication Eng
i
neer
ing, Trin
ity
Co
lleg
e
of Engin
eerin
g,
University
of
Pune
** Resear
ch Sch
o
lar of
Sath
y
a
bama Un
i
v
e
r
si
ty
, Che
nna
i,
Tam
iln
adu. Ind
i
a
*** Electron
i
cs
and Communication
Engi
neering
Department at S
R
M'
s Vall
iammai Eng
i
neer
ing C
o
lleg
e
, Chennai
(e-m
ail:h
endrev
aibhav@gm
ail
.
c
o
m
)
, (e-m
ail
:
dr.
m
urugan.m
@
gmail
.
com
)
, (
e
-m
ail
:
snehak
am
the@
gm
ail.com
)
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received Oct 10, 2014
Rev
i
sed
No
v
20
, 20
14
Accepted Dec 13, 2014
Multiple
ant
e
nn
a configur
ations
can be used
to
increase the dat
a
throughput
reducing th
e ef
fects of m
u
ltip
ath fading
and
interfer
e
nc
e when chann
e
l
bandwidth is li
m
ited. Orthogo
nal Space T
i
m
e
Block Codes
along with
Transm
it ant
e
nn
a sele
ction
can
im
prove the per
f
orm
a
nce of m
u
ltipl
e
inpu
t
m
u
ltiple output
sy
st
em
s. In this paper, we present the Trans
m
it Antenna
Selection (TAS) techniqu
e based on
the Maximal Ratio Com
b
i
n
ing (MRC)
scheme with single antenna select
ion for im
age trans
m
is
s
i
on. The
performance an
aly
s
is of
the s
y
stem
was
carr
i
ed
out under diff
erent fad
i
ng
channels i.e. Ray
l
eigh and Rician cha
nnel for im
age input. We design end to
end TAS
/
M
RC s
y
s
t
em
in S
i
m
u
link with advancem
ents
in
the chann
e
l
designs and receive d
i
versity
techni
ques along
with the f
eedb
a
ck models.
The Bit Error R
a
te (BER) an
alysis wa
s perfor
m
ed for the combinations of
number of trans
m
it and receive
antenn
as for TA
S/MRC sy
stem for various
fading environments.
Keyword:
Bit Erro
r Rate
(BER)
Max
i
m
a
l Ratio
Co
m
b
in
in
g
(MRC)
Mu
ltip
le Inpu
t
Mu
ltip
le Ou
tpu
t
(M
IM
O
)
Ort
h
ogonal
Space Tim
e
Bloc
k
C
odi
ng
(
O
STB
C
)
Transm
i
t
An
ten
n
a
Selection
(TA
S
)
Copyright ©
201
5 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
Vaib
hav
S.
He
nd
re,
Depa
rt
m
e
nt
of
El
ect
roni
cs
an
d Tel
e
c
o
m
m
uni
cat
i
on,
Tri
n
i
t
y
C
o
l
l
e
ge
o
f
E
ngi
neeri
n
g a
n
d
R
e
searc
h
, P
une
,
Sav
itrib
ai Phu
l
e
Pun
e
Un
iv
ersity,
Mah
a
r
a
sh
tr
a -
4
110
48
,
Ind
i
a.
Em
a
il:
hendrevaibhav@gmail.com
1.
INTRODUCTION
The rece
nt res
earches
ha
ve s
h
own that the
large
gai
n
s in
capacity of communication over
wireless
system
s along with the enhancem
ent
in system
perform
ance ove
r conve
n
tional system
s in
m
u
ltipath fadi
ng
ch
ann
e
ls can
be o
b
t
ain
e
d
b
y
u
s
ing
Mu
ltip
le Inp
u
t
Mu
ltip
l
e
Ou
tpu
t
(MIMO) [1
]. Sp
ace Ti
m
e
B
l
o
c
k
Co
d
e
s
(STBCs)
h
a
v
e
its ap
p
licatio
n
in
cellu
lar commu
n
i
cati
ons and
wi
rel
e
ss l
o
cal
area net
w
or
ks. M
I
M
O
sy
st
em
s
along with
Space tim
e
block codes
ha
ve becom
e
a
m
o
st
vibrant re
searc
h
area aim
e
d at incorporating true
m
u
l
t
i
m
ed
ia serv
ices in
co
nv
en
tio
n
a
l systems [2
]. Th
e
p
a
ra
m
e
ters th
at are con
s
id
ered
wh
ile using
suitab
l
e
co
d
i
n
g
m
e
th
o
d
are reliab
ility,
sp
ectral effici
en
cy an
d
p
e
rform
a
n
ce g
a
in
. STBC is a
tran
smit
strateg
y
u
s
ed
in
MIMO techn
i
q
u
e
exp
l
o
itin
g tran
sm
it d
i
v
e
rsity an
d
h
i
gh reliab
ility. Orth
og
on
al STB
C
s are class of lin
ear
STB
C
s
an
d t
h
e
y
ensu
re f
u
l
l
di
versi
t
y
or
de
r L
t
x Lr w
h
e
r
e Lt
i
s
num
ber o
f
t
r
ansm
i
t
ant
e
nn
as and
Lr i
s
n
u
m
ber
of
receive a
n
tenna
s [3]-[4].
Antenna Selection
(AS)
provides the
fu
ll di
versity and s
p
ectral efficienc
y
gains
with re
duced
hardware c
o
mplexity at
transmitter/receiver
end. In AS a
su
bset of t
h
e antennas is
selected
base
d
on the c
h
annel
knowledge
at tra
n
sm
itter and/or
receiver [5].
Howe
ver the
di
versity orde
r
using a
n
tenna
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
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088
-87
08
I
J
ECE Vo
l. 5
,
N
o
. 1
,
Febru
a
ry
2
015
:
11
9
–
12
9
12
0
selectio
n
rem
a
i
n
s sam
e
as in
case o
f
m
u
ltip
l
e
an
tenn
as.
Tran
sm
it An
ten
n
a Selectio
n
(TAS) cou
l
d
b
e
ad
op
ted
in
up
link
an
d
d
o
wn
lin
k of all fu
ture
wirel
e
ss co
mm
u
n
i
catio
n
system
s [6
]. TAS n
e
eds th
e C
h
ann
e
l
State
in
fo
rm
atio
n
(CSI)
k
nowledg
e at tran
smitter e
n
d. Th
erefo
r
e, it is
m
a
n
d
a
to
ry
to
esti
mate
th
e ch
ann
e
l co
nd
itio
ns
at receiver end and ne
ed to fe
edbac
k
to tra
n
smitter. Th
e transm
it
ter will
select the subset out of Lt antennas
av
ailab
l
e at tran
sm
it
ter en
d
[7]. Th
is ch
an
n
e
l
k
n
o
w
ledg
e is
in
th
e fo
rm
o
f
in
d
e
x
th
at represen
ts th
e b
e
st set o
f
antennas that are fed
bac
k
from
th
e receiver [7] [8]. The
Channel pre
d
ic
tion is useful in
m
a
intaining the
t
r
ansm
i
t
di
vers
i
t
y
and i
m
pro
v
i
ng t
h
e B
E
R
a
n
d
o
u
t
a
ge
pe
rfo
r
m
a
n
ce. Th
e
Max
i
m
a
l Ratio
Co
m
b
in
in
g (MRC) is
a receiver
diversity com
b
ining tec
hni
que
use
d
at
receiver end which helps in e
s
timating the channe
l
co
nd
itio
ns for
tran
sm
it
an
tenn
a selectio
n
.
MRC also
h
e
lps to
m
a
x
i
m
i
ze
th
e o
u
t
p
u
t
signal to
n
o
i
se ratio
(SNR)
at the recei
ver
[9]
[10].
Shi
h
a
o
Ya
n et
al
[11]
dem
ons
t
r
at
ed t
h
e TA
S
sche
m
e
exa
m
ining trade
o
ff between fee
d
ba
ck overhea
d
and
secrecy pe
rform
a
nce with optim
a
l
p
o
w
er allo
catio
n. In
v
e
stig
atio
n
s
on
th
e STBC for th
e MIM
O
syste
m
s
[12
]
and
sub
s
eq
u
e
n
t
TAS analysis o
f
MIM
O
m
u
lti rela
y
n
e
two
r
k
[13
]
h
a
s b
een
th
e
cu
rren
t research
areas.
B
a
sed o
n
t
h
i
s
,
t
h
e fi
el
d o
f
TA
S/
M
R
C
al
ong
wi
t
h
STB
C
,
a
new sy
st
em
can be
desi
g
n
e
d
and e
x
t
e
n
d
e
d
on t
h
e
basi
s of
t
h
e p
r
evi
ous
m
odel
s
[
14]
. H
o
we
ver
al
l
t
h
e w
o
r
k
d
one
has
been
o
n
bi
na
r
y
/
unco
d
e
d
dat
a
.
T
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
feat
u
r
e
o
f
th
is p
a
per is th
at th
e sa
m
e
wo
rk
as in
[9
] is fu
rth
e
r ex
tend
ed
for th
e im
ag
e d
a
ta
with
fu
rt
he
r ad
va
nc
em
ent
s
i
n
t
h
e
cha
nnel
desi
g
n
s a
n
d
t
h
e
rec
e
i
v
e di
versi
t
y
t
echni
q
u
e
desi
gns
al
o
n
g
wi
t
h
t
h
e
feed
bac
k
m
ode
ls. The
bit er
ro
r rate
(BER) a
n
aly
s
is fo
r
vari
ous
fa
di
n
g
e
n
v
i
ro
nm
ent
s
l
i
k
e R
a
y
l
ei
gh an
d
R
i
ci
an
i
s
carri
ed
o
u
t
a
n
d
t
h
e sy
st
em
per
f
o
r
m
a
nce h
a
s bee
n
t
e
st
ed
un
de
r di
ffe
rent
fadi
ng
cha
n
ne
l
s
nam
e
ly
R
a
yl
ei
gh
and Rician.
Furt
her t
h
is paper investigat
es the analysis of
c
o
m
b
inations
of
num
ber of transm
it and
receive
an
tenn
as su
ch
as 2x
4, 4x1
,
2x
2, 3x2
,
4
x
2
an
d
4x
4
M
I
MO syste
m
s w
ith
sin
g
l
e TA
S and
w
ithou
t TAS u
n
d
e
r
t
h
e ef
fect
of
d
i
ffere
nt
fa
di
ng
cha
nnel
s
. It
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
s
t
h
e
an
al
y
s
i
s
of t
r
a
n
s
m
i
t
ant
e
nna se
l
ect
i
on wi
t
h
m
a
xi
m
a
l
ratio
co
m
b
in
in
g
for im
ag
e tran
sm
issio
n
with th
e m
a
in
fo
cu
s on
BER
p
e
rfo
rman
ce of th
e Syste
m
.
Fi
gu
re
1.
B
a
si
c Sy
st
em
Bl
ock
Di
ag
ram
The pa
pe
r i
s
or
ga
ni
zed as f
o
l
l
o
w
s
. Sect
i
o
n II i
n
t
r
o
d
u
ce
s t
h
e sy
st
em
m
odel
and ch
annel
m
odel
.
Sect
i
on I
II c
o
n
s
i
s
t
s
of err
o
r
p
e
rf
orm
a
nce an
al
y
s
i
s
of TAS/
M
R
C
schem
e
.
Sect
i
on I
V
i
n
cl
ude
s bl
oc
k di
a
g
ram
s
of
va
ri
o
u
s
sy
st
em
m
odel
s
a
n
d
su
b m
odel
s
i
m
pl
em
ent
e
d i
n
S
i
m
u
l
i
nk.
Sect
i
o
n
V c
o
m
p
ares t
h
e B
E
R
anal
y
s
i
s
o
f
M
I
M
O
sc
hem
e
s un
de
r di
ffe
re
nt
fa
di
n
g
cha
n
nel
al
on
g
wi
t
h
sim
u
l
a
t
i
on res
u
l
t
s
. Fi
nal
l
y
sect
i
on V
I
prese
n
t
s
t
h
e
concl
u
si
o
n
.
2.
SYSTE
M
AN
D CH
AN
NEL
MO
DEL
Let
a wi
rel
e
ss l
i
nk wi
t
h
a fl
at
R
a
y
l
ei
gh/
R
i
ci
an fadi
ng ch
annel
co
nsi
s
t
i
ng L
t
nu
m
b
er o
f
tran
sm
it
antennas and L
r
num
b
er of re
ceive antennas. (L
t
; L
r
) sy
st
em
represe
n
t
s
t
h
e sy
st
em
wi
t
hout
ant
e
nn
a sel
ect
i
on.
Th
e b
a
sic syste
m
m
o
d
e
l is s
h
own
in
Figure 1
.
An
im
ag
e
is tran
sm
i
tted
o
v
e
r th
e ch
annel. ‘H’ is th
e ch
ann
e
l
matrix
with
d
i
men
s
io
n
s
L
t
x L
r
and
h
i,j
are the cha
n
nel fading c
o
efficients whe
r
e 1
≤
i
≤
L
t
and 1
≤
j
≤
L
r
.
These
fadi
ng c
o
efficients are
the sam
p
les of
R
a
y
l
ei
gh/
R
i
cian
fa
di
n
g
fu
nct
i
on. A
n
(L
r
x 1
)
vect
or i
s
a c
o
l
u
m
n
vector indicating c
h
a
nnel
bet
w
een
single transm
it antenna
and
Lr
receive ante
nna
s. It
is assum
e
d that the
chan
nel
u
nde
r
goe
s t
h
e q
u
asi
st
at
i
c
fadi
ng i
.
e. t
h
e cha
n
n
e
l
i
s
const
a
nt
f
o
r a bl
oc
k of t
r
ansm
i
ssi
on an
d t
h
i
s
con
s
t
a
nt
wi
t
h
i
n
bl
oc
k va
ri
es i
nde
pen
d
e
n
t
l
y
. Thi
s
const
a
nt
v
a
lu
e is th
e com
b
in
atio
n
o
f
ch
ann
e
l’s co
nstan
t
g
a
in
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ECE
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
7
0
8
Perfo
r
man
ce An
a
l
ysis
o
f
Transmit An
ten
n
a
Selectio
n
with
MRC in
MIMO fo
r
Imag
e …
(
V
ai
b
h
a
v S. He
ndr
e)
12
1
an
d
con
s
tan
t
ph
ase v
a
l
u
es.
At an
y ti
m
e
in
stan
t t, if th
e
signal x is transm
itted over
the si
ngle selected a
n
tenna
,
the recei
ved si
gnal
vector ca
n be e
x
pres
sed a
s
(1
)
whe
r
e ‘y’ is re
ceived signal vector, ‘x
’ is OSTBC en
cod
e
d sig
n
a
l v
ector,
‘h’ is ch
ann
e
l g
a
in
m
a
trix
an
d
‘n’ is
noi
se
vect
or.
A sing
le select
ed
tran
sm
it an
ten
n
a
,
d
e
no
ted
b
y
I, can
b
e
d
e
term
in
ed
b
y
equ
a
tio
n as i
n
[9
]
.
,
(2
)
whic
h m
a
xim
i
zes the total
received
signal powe
r.
We
rearra
nge
the
random
variabl
e
s Ci ,1
≤
i
≤
Lt in
ascen
di
n
g
or
d
e
r of
m
a
gni
t
ude wh
ere
⋯
. Acco
rd
ing
t
o
(2
), th
e tran
smit an
ten
n
a
corres
ponding to
will b
e
selected
for
t
r
an
smissio
n
.
Th
e
syst
e
m
m
o
d
e
l is b
a
sed
o
n
two d
i
fferen
t
fad
i
ng
chan
nel
s
R
a
y
l
e
i
gh a
n
d R
i
ci
an
fadi
ng
cha
n
nel
m
odel
respect
i
v
el
y
.
2.
1 Ra
yl
ei
gh
Ch
annel
M
o
d
e
l
Th
e Rayleigh
d
i
stribu
tio
n has prob
ab
ility d
e
n
s
ity fun
c
tion (PDF)
g
i
v
e
n
by [14
]
2
Ω
,
0
(3
)
whe
r
e r is the
envelope of a
sam
p
le of electric field and
Ω
is m
u
lt
ip
li
catio
n
o
f
i
n
ph
ase an
d
qu
adratu
re
com
pone
nt
of
el
ect
ri
c fi
el
d. The cum
u
l
a
t
i
v
e di
st
ri
but
i
o
n f
unct
i
o
n (C
DF
)
for R
a
y
l
ei
gh
d
i
st
ri
but
i
o
n i
s
gi
ven
by
[1
4]
1
(4
)
whe
r
e
Ω
2
.
2.
2 Ri
ci
an Ch
annel
M
o
del
Th
e Rician d
i
st
ribu
tio
n h
a
s pro
b
a
b
ility d
e
n
s
i
t
y fun
c
tio
n (PDF) g
i
v
e
n
b
y
[1
4
]
2
Ω
2
Ω
,
0
(5
)
whe
r
e A i
s
t
h
e
am
pl
i
t
ude, r i
s
t
h
e envel
ope
of a sam
p
l
e
of el
ect
ri
c fi
el
d and
Ω
is m
u
lti
p
licatio
n
of in
p
h
a
se
and
qua
dr
at
ur
e com
ponent
of el
ect
ri
c fi
el
d. The cu
m
u
l
a
t
i
v
e di
st
ri
but
i
o
n f
unct
i
on (C
DF
) fo
r
R
i
ci
an
di
st
ri
b
u
t
i
o
n
i
s
gi
ve
n by
[
1
4]
1
Ω2
⁄
,
Ω2
⁄
(6
)
whe
r
e
.
i
s
m
odi
f
i
ed B
e
ssel
f
u
nc
t
i
on
o
f
o
r
de
r
0
and
.
i
s
M
a
rcu
m
-Q fu
nct
i
o
n
of
or
der
1.
Ω
⁄
is
Rician K-factor.
In
th
is p
a
p
e
r,
th
e au
tho
r
s
h
a
v
e
con
s
id
ered
sin
g
l
e transm
i
t
an
ten
n
a
selectio
n
on
ly. If at an
y ti
me
instant ‘t’ any
one
ante
nna
of L
t
transm
i
t
a
n
tenn
as is selected
, th
en
syst
e
m
is (L
t
, 1;
L
r
) system
. Here two
cases fo
r (L
t
, 1; L
r
) com
b
ination
whic
h are (3, 1; 2) and (4,
1; 2) res
p
ectively are conside
r
ed. The (L
t
, 1;
L
r
)
syste
m
with
TAS/MRC sch
e
m
e
fo
r two ch
ann
e
ls,
R
a
y
l
ei
gh fadi
ng
chan
nel
an
d Rician fading channel
resp
ectiv
ely is
u
n
d
e
r co
n
s
i
d
eratio
n
2.
3 E
r
r
o
r Per
f
orm
a
nce
An
al
ysi
s
T
A
S/
M
R
C Sc
heme
The E
x
act BER for
TA
S/M
RC Schem
e
is prese
n
ted
he
r
e
. Fo
r (Lt,
1;
Lr) sy
stem
with M
-
P
S
K
m
odul
at
i
on,
t
h
e B
E
R
has
bee
n
gi
ve
n
by
[
9
]
P
Q
2
γ
p
γ
dr
(7
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-87
08
I
J
ECE Vo
l. 5
,
N
o
. 1
,
Febru
a
ry
2
015
:
11
9
–
12
9
12
2
whe
r
e
γ
γ
.
C
and
p
γ
p
.
So
lv
i
n
g
t
h
is ex
pressi
o
n
b
y
su
b
s
titu
ting
th
e v
a
lu
es, we
g
e
t th
e ex
act BER ex
pression
fo
r
(Lt,
1
;
Lr)
syste
m
with T
A
S/MRC system
as
P
L
L
1
!
1
2
k1
a
L
,k
L
t
1
!
1
γ
γ
k
1
2
1
γ
γ
k
1
(8
)
The Avera
g
e SNR Gain Co
mparis
on
with Receiver MRC and STBCs
is presente
d he
re. For the (Lt,
1; Lr) T
A
S/M
RC, the a
v
era
g
e SNR
gai
n
is t
h
e e
xpecte
d
va
lue of
C
.W
e
ha
ve the a
v
era
g
e
SNR gain as
[9]
EC
L
L
1
!
1
b
L
,k
L
t
!
k
1
(9
)
Fo
r Lr=2, th
e av
erag
e
SNR
g
a
in
fo
r th
e
(Lt, 1; 2
)
TAS/MRC b
e
co
m
e
s [9
]
EC
L
1
t
2
!
k
1
(1
0)
F
o
r an
(L
t,
Lr
)
S
T
BC,
th
e a
v
er
a
g
e SN
R
gai
n
at
t
h
e com
b
i
n
e
r
out
put
i
s
[
9
]
E
1
L
h
,
L
(1
1)
3.
THE PROPOSED
METHOD
3.1
Basic
Sys
t
em Bloc
k
Diagram
Fi
gu
re 2 s
h
o
w
s t
h
e basi
c sy
st
em
bl
ock di
a
g
ram
.
It
consi
s
t
s
of seve
n s
ect
i
ons:
Im
age con
v
ersi
on
,
M
o
d
u
l
a
t
o
r
,
E
n
code
r,
C
h
a
nne
l
,
Dec
ode
r,
De
m
odul
at
or a
n
d
Im
age reco
nst
r
uct
i
o
n.
The
i
n
put
t
o
t
h
e
sy
st
em
i
s
an im
age from
which R, G,
B conten
ts are
extracted and ar
e co
nv
erted in
to
in
teg
e
r valu
es. A m
o
d
u
latio
n
schem
e
appl
i
e
d i
s
M
-
ary
PS
K i
n
o
r
de
r t
o
h
a
ve bet
t
e
r s
p
ec
tral efficiency and
noise
an
d
i
n
terferen
ce imm
u
n
ity
.
In this case, ‘M’ is taken to be 8 so that the im
ag
e is
m
a
ppe
d into 28=
2
56 sym
bols. Ort
h
ogonal Space Time
B
l
ock C
ode
(
O
STB
C
)
i
s
u
s
ed f
o
r e
n
co
di
ng
t
h
e sy
m
bol
s i
n
t
o
t
h
e st
re
am
s depe
n
d
i
n
g
on
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
t
r
ansm
i
t
t
i
ng a
n
t
e
nnas
.
T
h
e
4x
4 R
a
y
l
ei
gh/
R
i
ci
an fa
di
n
g
c
h
annel
m
odel
s
t
h
e st
ream
s alon
g with th
e
Adap
tiv
e
White Gau
ssian Noise
(
A
WG
N).
The OSTBC com
b
iner com
b
in
es the signals
from
all the receive an
tennas
to extract
the inform
ation
of sy
m
bol
s t
h
at
were
m
a
pp
ed usi
n
g O
S
T
B
C
encode
r w
i
t
h
t
h
e hel
p
o
f
chan
nel
est
i
m
at
es. Dem
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
on
fol
l
o
we
d
by
i
m
age
reco
nst
r
uct
i
on
gi
ve
s t
h
e
fi
nal
o
u
t
p
ut
fo
r
whi
c
h B
E
R
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
i
s
per
f
o
r
m
e
d.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ECE
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
7
0
8
Perfo
r
man
ce An
a
l
ysis
o
f
Transmit An
ten
n
a
Selectio
n
with
MRC in
MIMO fo
r
Imag
e …
(
V
ai
b
h
a
v S. He
ndr
e)
12
3
Fi
gu
re
2.
Sy
st
em
Bl
ock
Di
agr
a
m
i
n
Si
m
u
l
i
n
k
3.
2
T
r
ansmi
t
A
n
t
e
nna
Sel
ecti
o
n
A t
r
a
n
sm
i
t
ant
e
nna
sel
ect
i
o
n
has
bee
n
do
ne
base
d
on
t
h
e
M
R
C
val
u
e a
s
sho
w
n i
n
Fi
gu
r
e
3.
A
s
w
i
t
c
h
case bl
ock
f
r
o
m
M
a
t
l
a
b Sim
u
l
i
n
k
i
s
used
t
o
per
f
o
rm
t
h
e s
w
i
t
c
hi
n
g
ope
ra
t
i
on
whi
c
h
use
s
M
R
C
val
u
e
t
o
sel
ect
a case cond
itio
n
th
at
d
e
term
in
es wh
ich
sub
s
y
s
te
m
will b
e
ex
ecu
ted
.
Each
o
u
t
p
u
t
po
rt
o
f
switch
case
b
l
o
c
k is
connected t
o
switch case action s
u
bsystem
s
.
The case va
lue th
at co
rrespon
d
s
t
o
th
e MRC v
a
lu
e d
e
termin
es
th
e su
b
s
ystem th
at will b
e
ex
ecu
ted
.
Th
e sin
g
l
e selected
tran
sm
it an
t
e
n
n
a
,
g
i
v
e
n
by I, is
d
e
term
i
n
ed by
equat
i
o
n 2.
Fig
u
re
3
.
Tran
smit An
ten
n
a Selectio
n
b
a
sed
o
n
Max
i
m
a
l R
a
tio
Co
m
b
in
ing
3
.
3
4X
4 M
I
MO
Channel
A R
a
y
l
ei
gh fa
di
n
g
cha
n
nel
sho
w
n i
n
Fi
gu
r
e
4 m
odel
s
t
h
e pat
h
s ass
o
ci
at
ed wi
t
h
si
gnal
s
t
r
ansm
i
t
t
e
d
from
each of the transm
i
ttin
g ante
nnas
by
m
u
l
tiplying
the input signal
by sam
p
les of Rayleigh distribute
d
com
p
lex random
process. T
h
e minim
u
m
num
ber of pa
t
h
s existing be
tween tra
n
sm
itter and recei
ver are
depe
ndent
upon the
num
b
er of
receivi
ng a
n
tennas
.
Eac
h
path has
differe
n
t Doppler
shi
f
t, tim
e
delay vector,
p
a
th
g
a
in
v
ect
o
r
. Path
gain
s
are req
u
i
red
to calcu
late th
e MRC v
a
lu
e o
f
th
e p
a
th
. Th
e
Au
t
h
ors h
a
v
e
t
r
ied
to
creat
e t
h
e
m
u
l
t
i
p
at
h fa
di
n
g
en
vi
r
onm
ent
by
desi
g
n
i
n
g t
h
e c
h
an
nel
m
odel
in Si
m
u
l
i
nk En
vi
r
onm
ent
as sho
w
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-87
08
I
J
ECE Vo
l. 5
,
N
o
. 1
,
Febru
a
ry
2
015
:
11
9
–
12
9
12
4
in
Figu
re 4. The ch
an
n
e
l
p
a
th
for ev
ery inpu
t is con
s
id
ered to
b
e
th
e p
a
t
h
fo
r act
u
a
l data tran
sm
issio
n
and
the
p
a
th
fo
r esti
m
a
tin
g
th
e sign
al. Th
e sam
e
m
o
d
e
l is rep
eated
fo
r o
t
h
e
r ch
an
nels as sh
own
in Figu
re 4.
Fi
gu
re 4.
4X
4 M
I
M
O
C
h
an
ne
l
3.
4 Ma
xi
m
a
l
Ra
ti
o
C
o
mbi
n
i
n
g
M
a
xi
m
a
l
R
a
t
i
o C
o
m
b
i
n
i
n
g
has
been i
m
pl
em
ent
e
d by
c
o
m
put
i
ng t
h
e
v
a
l
u
e o
f
C
i
i
n
equat
i
o
n
(2
)
.
M
a
t
r
i
x
s
q
uare
bl
oc
k i
s
use
d
t
o
c
o
m
put
e t
h
e
val
u
e
of
h
,
and
m
a
t
r
i
x
sum
bl
oc
k i
s
use
d
t
o
a
d
d al
l
t
h
e
s
qua
r
e
d
ch
ann
e
l
g
a
in
s to
g
e
n
e
rate Ci asso
ciated
with
th
at p
a
th. Th
e i
n
d
e
x
of th
e
p
a
t
h
with
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
Ci is feedb
a
ck
to
th
e tran
sm
i
tter to
select th
e app
r
o
p
riate tran
sm
it an
ten
n
a
with
sam
e
in
d
e
x
.
Figu
re 5
sho
w
s th
e MRC
technique
for
two
receive a
n
tennas as implied in
Si
m
u
link e
n
vironm
e
n
t. Sam
e
st
ruc
t
ure ca
n
be extende
d
fu
rt
he
r f
o
r m
o
r
e
num
ber
of
re
cei
ve ant
e
nna
s.
The m
odel
s
h
ow
n i
s
fo
r si
n
g
l
e i
n
p
u
t
,
sam
e
i
s
repeat
e
d
f
o
r
ot
he
r
in
pu
ts.
Fi
gu
re
5.
M
a
x
i
m
a
l
R
a
ti
o C
o
m
b
i
n
i
ng
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJECE
ISS
N
:
2088-8708
Perfo
r
man
ce An
a
l
ysis
o
f
Transmit An
ten
n
a
Selectio
n
with
MRC in
MIMO fo
r
Imag
e …
(
V
ai
b
h
a
v S. He
ndr
e)
12
5
4.
R
E
SU
LTS AN
D ANA
LY
SIS
The
per
f
o
r
m
a
nce of
sy
st
em
has bee
n
a
n
al
y
zed f
o
r B
i
t
Err
o
r R
a
t
e
(B
ER
)
f
o
r
va
ri
o
u
s c
o
n
f
i
g
urat
i
o
ns
su
ch
as
2x
2,
3x
2, an
d 4x2
al
o
n
g
w
ith
TAS
an
d w
ithou
t TA
S
f
o
r
d
i
ff
er
ent f
a
d
i
n
g
ch
annels.
4.
1 Ra
yl
ei
gh
Ch
annel
Fig
u
r
e
6
shows th
e BER
p
l
o
t
fo
r 2x4
,
4x
1
MI
MO
w
itho
u
t TA
S and 4x4 MI
MO w
ith si
n
g
l
e TAS
f
o
r
R
a
y
l
ei
gh fadi
ng c
h
an
nel
.
It
can be seen
t
h
at
t
h
e syste
m
perform
ance im
prove
s with
tran
sm
it
an
tenn
a
selectio
n
for i
m
ag
e in
pu
t.
Fi
gu
re 6.
B
E
R
pl
ot
f
o
r 2
x
4
,
4
x
1
M
I
M
O
co
nfigu
r
ation
s
with
ou
t TAS an
d 4x4
with
si
n
g
l
e
antenna selection
Fi
gu
re
7.
B
E
R
pl
ot
s
f
o
r
3
x
2
a
n
d
4
x
2
M
I
M
O
co
nfigu
r
ation
s
with
an
d withou
t tran
sm
i
t
an
ten
n
a
sel
ect
i
on f
o
r R
a
y
l
ei
gh fa
di
n
g
chan
nel
It has also been observe
d
th
at BER d
ecreases significantly
with
th
e ch
ang
e
in th
e MIMO
con
f
i
g
urat
i
o
ns
.
Fi
gure
7 gi
ve
s t
h
e com
p
ari
s
on
of M
I
M
O
wi
t
h
an
d wi
t
h
out
TA
S fo
r 3
x 2 and
4x
2
M
I
M
O
con
f
i
g
urat
i
o
ns
.
It
i
s
obser
ve
d fr
om
t
h
e gra
p
h
t
h
at
t
h
e
significant change in BER fo
r singl
e
TAS com
p
ared to
co
nv
en
tio
n
a
l
MI
MO
w
ithout TA
S. I
t
is also
ob
ser
v
ed
that as w
e
g
o
on
in
cr
easi
n
g
t
h
e n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
tran
sm
i
t
ant
e
n
n
as t
h
e B
E
R
per
f
o
r
m
a
nce im
pro
v
es f
u
rt
her
.
It
i
s
obs
erve
d f
r
o
m
Figu
re
8 t
h
at
si
n
g
l
e
ant
e
nna sel
ect
i
o
n
g
i
v
e
s im
p
r
ov
ed
p
e
rfo
r
m
a
n
ce if we in
crease n
u
m
b
e
r of
an
tenn
as at transmitter. Here n
u
m
b
e
r of receiv
ing
ant
e
n
n
as a
r
e
k
e
pt
co
nst
a
nt
an
d
num
ber
of t
r
ansm
i
t
ant
e
nna
s are i
n
crease
d
one
by
on
e,
(4
,
1;
2
)
per
f
o
rm
ance i
s
bet
t
e
r t
h
a
n
(
3
,
1;
2
)
a
n
d (
2
,
1;
2
)
.
Fi
gu
re
8.
B
E
R
pl
ot
s
f
o
r
2
x
2
,
3x
2 a
n
d
4x
2 M
I
M
O
co
nfigu
r
ation
s
with
si
n
g
l
e tran
sm
it an
ten
n
a
selectio
n
fo
r Ray
l
eigh
fa
din
g
c
h
an
nel
Fi
gu
re
9.
B
E
R
pl
ot
s
f
o
r
3
x
2
a
n
d
4
x
2
M
I
M
O
co
nfigu
r
ation
s
with
an
d withou
t tran
sm
i
t
an
ten
n
a
sel
ect
i
on f
o
r R
i
ci
an fa
di
n
g
c
h
annel
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
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:
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08
I
J
ECE Vo
l. 5
,
N
o
. 1
,
Febru
a
ry
2
015
:
11
9
–
12
9
12
6
Fig
u
r
e
10
. BER p
l
o
t
s
fo
r
2x
2, 3x2
an
d 4x2
MI
MO
co
nf
igur
atio
n
s
w
ith si
n
g
l
e t
r
an
sm
it an
tenn
a selection
f
o
r
Rician fadi
ng c
h
annel
4.
2 Ri
ci
an Ch
annel
Th
e co
m
p
ar
ison
b
e
tw
een
3
x2 and
4x2
MI
M
O
co
nf
igu
r
ation
s
with
an
d wi
th
ou
t TAS is
rep
eated
fo
r
the Rician cha
nnel and as de
picted
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
9. I
n
t
h
e sa
m
e
m
a
nner, B
E
R
has bee
n
anal
y
zed f
o
r
di
f
f
ere
n
t
num
ber
of t
r
a
n
sm
it antennas
when
num
b
er of recei
ving
a
n
tennas a
r
e
ke
pt constant a
s
shown in Figure 10.
The
res
u
lts in c
a
se of Rician
fading c
h
annel
are
bet
t
e
r as c
o
m
p
ared t
o
R
a
y
l
ei
gh
fadi
ng
ch
annel
.
Table I shows the input and
out
put im
ages
for each
of the
2x2, 3x2 a
nd
4x2 MIMO c
o
nfi
g
uration
an
d cor
r
e
spon
din
g
BER
v
a
l
u
es w
ithou
t TAS
an
d w
ith TA
S.SN
R is
k
e
p
t
con
s
tan
t
t
o
10d
B.
Table 1. Output
Im
ages
for with
and with
o
u
t
TA
S alon
g
w
i
t
h
BER V
a
lu
es f
o
r
SN
R=10d
B
Fading Channel
MIMO Configur
ation
Input I
m
age
With TA
S
Without T
A
S
Ray
l
eigh 2x2
BE
R: 0.
243
BE
R: 0.
4093
3x2
BE
R: 0.
225
BE
R: 0.
395
4x2
BE
R: 0.
212
BE
R: 0.
355
Rician 2x2
BE
R: 0.
273
BE
R: 0.
408
3x2
BE
R: 0.
248
BE
R: 0.
388
4x2
BE
R: 0.
233
BE
R: 0.
360
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ECE
I
S
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:
208
8-8
7
0
8
Perfo
r
man
ce An
a
l
ysis
o
f
Transmit An
ten
n
a
Selectio
n
with
MRC in
MIMO fo
r
Imag
e …
(
V
ai
b
h
a
v S. He
ndr
e)
12
7
5.
CO
NCL
USI
O
N
In t
h
i
s
pa
pe
r,
per
f
o
r
m
a
nce anal
y
s
i
s
of
t
r
an
sm
i
t
an
ten
n
a
selectio
n
with
max
i
m
a
l ratio
co
m
b
in
in
g
at
receiver in MIMO Sim
u
link
envi
ronm
en
t with adva
nced c
h
annel m
odels
and feedbac
k
syste
m
.
The
a
u
thors
have
p
r
ese
n
t
e
d
t
h
e bi
t
er
r
o
r
r
a
t
e
anal
y
s
i
s
fo
r R
a
y
l
ei
gh a
n
d
R
i
ci
an fadi
ng
cha
nnel
.
It
ha
s bee
n
obse
r
ve
d t
h
a
t
t
h
e si
n
g
l
e
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
t
ant
e
nna sel
ect
i
on
gi
ves
i
m
prove
d
per
f
o
r
m
a
nce com
p
ared t
o
c
o
nve
nt
i
onal
M
I
M
O
sy
st
em
s
for im
age trans
m
ission. It
was
also
obs
er
ved
t
h
at
sy
st
em
per
f
o
r
m
a
nce fu
rt
h
e
r i
m
prove
s i
f
we i
n
c
r
ease
n
u
m
ber
of t
r
ansm
i
t
ant
e
nna
s. T
h
i
s
w
o
r
k
ca
n
be
fu
r
t
her e
x
t
e
n
d
ed
for selecting
m
o
re th
an
on
e an
tenn
a i
n
TAS
with
M
R
C
.
It
can
f
u
rt
her
p
o
ssi
bl
e
t
o
t
e
st
t
h
e
pe
rf
orm
a
nce o
f
sy
st
em
for a
d
vance
d
c
h
a
nne
l
m
odel
s
de
fi
n
e
d i
n
standa
rds for
wireless
c
o
m
m
unication syste
m
s.
REFERE
NC
ES
[1]
Muhammad Sana Ulla
h,Moham
m
ed Jashim Uddin,“Performance Anal
y
s
is of
Wire
le
ss MIMO S
y
ste
m
by
Usin
g
Alamouti’s Scheme a
nd Maximum Ratio Combining Technique”,
Internationa
l Journal of
Advan
ced Eng
i
ne
er
ing
Scien
ces and
Technologies(
I
JAEST)
, Vol. 8, no.
1,pp.19
–24, 201
1.
[2]
S
a
ntum
on.S
.
D,
B.R. S
u
ja
tha
,
“
S
pace-
Tim
e
Blo
c
k Coding (S
TBC
)
for W
i
rel
e
s
s
Networks
”,
In
tern
ational Journal of
Distribute
d
and
Paralle
l Sy
ste
m
s (IJ
D
PS),
vol.3, n
o
.4, July
2012.
[3]
V.S. Hendre, M. Murugan, “
A Performance of Precoded Orthog
onal Spa
ce Time Block Code for
Mobile Wi-MAX
System
”, I
EEE I
n
terna
tiona
l Conferenc
e
on Com
m
unications and
Signal Processing (ICCSP-2013
)
,
IEEE Xplo
r
e
ISBN: 978-1-4673-4865-2, p
.
no.5-8, 2013
.
[4]
Khoa T. Phan and Chintha Tellambura, “Capacity
An
aly
s
is for
Transmit Antenna Selection U
s
ing Orthogonal
S
p
ace-T
i
m
e
Blo
c
k Codes
”
,
I
E
E
E
Communication
s
Letters,
vo
l. 11
, no
. 5
,
May
200
7.
[5]
V.S. Hendre, M
.
Murugan,
“
A
Com
p
rehensive
Lite
ratur
e
Surve
y
on Ant
e
nna
Selec
tion in MI
MO for Future
Ge
ne
ra
tion Wirele
ss S
y
ste
m
s”
,
CiiT International
Journal of
wireless Communication, WC 082012
004,
vol. 4, No.
13, August 2012
.
[6]
V.S. Hendre, M
.
Murugan, “Optimal Tr
ansmit
antenn
a
Selectio
n for Closed
Lo
op Spatial Multiplexed
Precoded
MIMO for LTE S
y
st
em
s”,
IETE National Jour
nal of Innovatio
n and Research,
vol. 1, no. 2, p
p
. 22-25, Januar
y
2014.
[7]
Shiva Prakash and Ian McLough
lin, “Effects of Channel Pr
ediction for Transmit Antenna
Selection with Maximal
ratio
Com
b
ining
in R
a
yle
i
gh Fad
i
ng”
I
EEE Transactions on
Vehicular Technolog
y,
vol. 60
, no
. 6
,
J
u
ly
2011.
[8]
Qinfang Sun,
et al
., “Estimatio
n of Continuous Fl
at Fading MI
MO Channels”,
IEEE T
r
ansactions on Wireless
Communications
, vol. 1
,
no
. 4
,
O
c
tober
2002.
[9]
Zhuo Chen
,Jinh
ong Yuan and
B
r
anka Vucetic,“
A
naly
sis of
Tr
an
smit Antenna Selection/Max
i
mal-Ratio Combinin
g
in Ray
l
eigh
Fading Channels”,
I
EEE Transactio
ns on Veh
i
cu
lar
Technology
, vo
l. 54, no. 4, July
2
005.
[10]
T.R.
Ram
y
a
and
S
r
ikris
hna Bh
as
h
y
am
,
India. “Using Delay
e
d Feedback
for An
tenna
Se
le
c
t
ion in
MIMO Sy
ste
m
s”
,
IEEE Transactio
ns on Wireless C
o
mmunications
,
vol. 8
,
no
. 12
, D
ecem
ber
2009.
[11]
Shihao Yan,
et al.
, “
T
ransm
it Antenna Sele
ct
ion
with Alam
outi
Coding and Po
wer Allocation in MIMO
Wiretap
Channels”,
I
E
EE Transactions
on
Wireless Communications
, v
o
l. 13
, no
. 3
,
March 2014.
[12]
Bilanja
Bedi
c,
“
S
pace Tim
e
B
l
ock Coding
for
Multiple
Antenn
a S
y
st
em
s”, P
h
.D. dissertation
,
Vienna
Univ. of
Technology, Austria
, 2005
.
[13]
Phee Lep Yeoh
,
et al.
, “
U
nified
Anal
y
s
is of Tr
a
n
sm
it Antenna Selec
tion in MI
MO Multirela
y
Networks”,
IEEE
Transactions on
Vehicular Techn
o
logy
, vol. 62
, n
o
. 2
,
Februar
y
2
013.
[14]
C
y
ril-Daniel Iskander “A MAT
L
AB -bas
ed Object-Ori
ented Ap
proach to M
u
ltipath Fading Channel Simulation
”
,
http://www
.math
w
orks.cn /m
atla
bcentral/fx_
fil
es/18869/1/ChannelModeling
W
hitePaper.pd
,,2009.
BIOGRAP
HI
ES OF
AUTH
ORS
Vaibhav S He
ndr
e
received h
i
s B.E (Electronics a
nd Telecommunication
Engineering)
from
University
of Pune in 1999 and M. Tech.
fr
om Dr. Babasa
heb Am
bedkar Techno
logical
University
,
Lonere in 2006
. He is
a reg
i
stered
Ph
.D Research Sch
o
lar of Sath
y
a
bama University
,
Chennai-600119
, Tamil Nadu
, In
dia. He is cur
r
en
tl
y
serving as Associate Professor and Head of
Department of
Electronics &
Te
lecommunication
Engineering
,
Tr
in
ity
Colleg
e of
Engineering &
Research
, Pune-
411048, and Ma
harashtra
,
Indi
a.
Having 13
y
ear
s of academ
ic
e
xperien
ce
, his
fields of inter
e
st are Error Control codi
ng
, W
i
reless Digita
l Co
mmunications and Signal
P
r
ocees
ing for
M
I
M
O
s
y
s
t
em
s
.
He is
a m
e
m
b
er of I
EEE
Co
m
m
unication S
o
cie
t
y and
Lif
e
Member of ISTE.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-87
08
I
J
ECE Vo
l. 5
,
N
o
. 1
,
Febru
a
ry
2
015
:
11
9
–
12
9
12
8
Dr. M
.
Mu
ru
gan
graduated in
E&CE from th
e University
of
Madras in 1989
. Receiv
e
d his
Masters in the E & TC (Spl: Microwave) in 2001
and Ph.D in 201
0 from the Univ
ersity
of Pune.
Presentl
y
h
e
is the Professor,
Head and Vi
ce
Principal of SRM’s Valliam
m
ai Engine
ering
College, Kattank
ulathur – 60320
3, T.
Nadu, Ind
i
a. Having 25
y
e
ar
s of
experience in teaching
, his
fields
of
inter
e
s
t
s
are Antenn
as
,
M
i
crowave,
Opt
i
ca
l & S
a
tel
lit
e
Com
m
unication
and EM
I&C.
He is a Fellow of IETE and
Li
fe Mem
b
er of
ISTE, IEI
,
ISOI, SEMCEI and Sem
i
conductor
Societ
y (
I).
To
his cred
it
are o
v
er fort
y
pape
rs published
in I
n
terna
tiona
l /
Nation
a
l r
e
put
e
Conferences/Journals.
Sne
ha S.
Kamthe
rece
ived he
r B.E. (
E
le
ctron
i
cs
& Te
le
com
m
unication Eng
i
neer
ing) from
University
of Pune in 2012.She
is pursuing her
Masters of Engineering
in Digital S
y
stems from
Univers
i
t
y
o
f
P
une. S
h
e is
curr
entl
y s
e
rving as
lectur
er in El
e
c
troni
cs
& Tel
e
com
m
unication
Department o
f
Trinity
Co
llege of
Engin
eerin
g
&
Research
, Pune-
411048, Mah
a
rashtra, Ind
i
a.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.