I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l a
nd
Co
m
p
ute
r
E
ng
in
ee
ring
(
I
J
E
CE
)
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il
2
0
2
1
,
p
p
.
9
1
9
~
9
2
8
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
ec
e
.
v
1
1
i
2
.
p
p
9
1
9
-
928
919
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
ec
e.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
Three
z
o
ne
d
ete
ct
io
n and
d
ista
nce
r
ela
y
c
o
-
o
rdina
tion o
f
p
o
w
er
s
y
ste
m
p
ro
tec
tion
Cho
llet
i Srir
a
m
1
,
Y.
K
us
u
ma
la
t
ha
2
1
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
Ko
n
e
ru
L
a
k
sh
m
a
iah
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
F
o
u
n
d
a
ti
o
n
,
I
n
d
ia
2
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
Rise
Krish
n
a
S
a
i
P
ra
k
a
sa
m
G
ro
u
p
o
f
In
stit
u
ti
o
n
s
,
I
n
d
ia
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Au
g
2
0
,
2
0
1
9
R
ev
i
s
ed
J
u
l
2
7
,
20
20
A
cc
ep
ted
Sep
5
,
2
0
20
To
se
c
u
re
th
e
tran
s
m
issio
n
li
n
e
s
a
g
a
in
st
p
o
we
r
s
y
ste
m
f
a
u
lt
s,
th
e
d
istan
c
e
re
la
y
s
a
re
m
o
stl
y
u
s
e
d
.
Dista
n
c
e
re
la
y
h
a
s
it
s
o
w
n
r
e
sista
n
c
e
(R)
-
r
e
a
c
tan
c
e
(X
)
-
c
h
a
ra
c
teristics
.
Co
-
o
r
d
in
a
ti
o
n
o
f
d
iff
e
re
n
t
d
istan
c
e
re
la
y
s
is
n
e
c
e
ss
a
r
y
f
o
r
th
e
f
a
st
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
c
ircu
it
b
re
a
k
e
r.
V
a
rio
u
s
d
istan
c
e
re
la
y
s
w
h
ich
a
re
b
e
in
g
tri
p
p
e
d
w
it
h
re
sp
e
c
t
to
c
ircu
it
b
re
a
k
e
rs
w
h
ich
a
re
a
tt
a
c
h
e
d
a
t
in
d
iv
i
d
u
a
l
b
u
se
s
f
a
r
a
w
a
y
f
ro
m
e
a
c
h
o
th
e
r.
T
h
e
se
re
la
y
s
w
il
l
b
e
o
p
e
ra
ted
w
it
h
re
sp
e
c
t
to
th
e
d
istan
c
e
b
e
tw
e
e
n
th
e
o
c
c
u
rre
d
f
a
u
lt
a
n
d
re
la
y
lo
c
a
ti
o
n
.
In
t
h
is
p
a
p
e
r,
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
o
f
th
re
e
z
o
n
e
s
u
sin
g
re
l
a
y
c
h
a
r
a
c
teristics
,
c
o
-
o
rd
i
n
a
ti
o
n
o
f
d
istan
c
e
re
la
y
s
a
n
d
c
ircu
it
b
re
a
k
e
rs
a
re
sh
o
w
n
w
it
h
th
e
f
a
u
lt
s
p
lac
e
d
a
t
d
iff
e
re
n
t
lo
c
a
ti
o
n
s
o
f
a
n
IEE
E
9
b
u
s
s
y
ste
m
u
sin
g
M
AT
LAB/S
imu
li
n
k
G
UI
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t.
A
c
o
m
p
a
riso
n
a
lso
m
a
d
e
b
e
twe
e
n
th
e
re
lay
s
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
c
ircu
it
b
re
a
k
e
r
tri
p
p
i
n
g
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
w
it
h
re
sp
e
c
t
to
se
v
e
re
f
a
u
lt
s
a
t
d
if
fe
re
n
t
lo
c
a
ti
o
n
s
o
n
IEE
E
9
b
u
s sy
ste
m
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Dis
ta
n
ce
r
ela
y
IEEE
9
b
u
s
s
y
s
te
m
MA
T
L
A
B
R
ela
y
c
o
-
o
r
d
in
atio
n
Z
o
n
e
d
etec
tio
n
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
C
h
o
llet
i Sr
ir
a
m
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
E
lectr
i
ca
l a
n
d
E
lectr
o
n
ics E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
Ko
n
er
u
L
ak
s
h
m
aia
h
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
Fo
u
n
d
atio
n
Vad
d
es
w
ar
a
m
,
Gu
n
t
u
r
,
An
d
h
r
a
P
r
ad
esh
,
I
n
d
ia
E
m
ail: c
h
o
lletis
r
ir
a
m
6
@
g
m
ail
.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
W
ith
d
a
y
b
y
d
a
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
in
p
o
w
er
d
e
m
a
n
d
,
r
es
u
lts
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
to
b
e
m
o
r
e
s
tr
ess
ed
.
Du
e
t
o
th
ese
s
u
d
d
en
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
in
p
o
w
er
d
e
m
an
d
w
h
er
e
th
e
p
o
w
er
g
en
er
atio
n
r
e
m
ai
n
s
co
n
s
ta
n
t
f
o
r
a
s
h
o
r
t
p
er
io
d
o
f
ti
m
e,
th
e
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
ex
p
er
i
en
cin
g
m
aj
o
r
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
li
k
e
h
ea
v
il
y
lo
ad
ed
,
ca
s
ca
d
ed
o
u
tag
e
o
f
lin
e
s
w
h
ic
h
m
a
y
a
llo
w
to
g
r
id
s
b
lac
k
o
u
t
[
1
]
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
p
r
ev
en
t
d
ar
k
n
ess
d
u
e
to
b
lack
o
u
t,
it
i
s
ess
en
tial
to
b
lo
ck
t
h
e
m
u
ltip
le
o
u
tag
e
s
o
f
li
n
es
[
2
,
3
]
.
Dis
tan
ce
R
ela
y
s
ar
e
m
o
s
tl
y
u
s
ed
p
r
o
tectio
n
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
li
n
es,
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
also
p
lay
a
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
in
p
r
eser
v
e
th
e
s
ec
u
r
it
y
as
w
ell
a
s
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
s
u
p
p
ly
[
4
,
5
]
.
Dis
tan
ce
R
ela
y
s
w
ill
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
r
ee
zo
n
e
s
ch
e
m
es
o
f
p
r
o
tectio
n
.
C
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
f
ir
s
t
an
d
s
ec
o
n
d
zo
n
es,
th
ir
d
zo
n
e
is
v
u
l
n
er
ab
le
a
n
d
w
ill
h
a
v
e
a
w
i
d
e
ar
ea
o
f
p
r
o
tectio
n
[
5
]
.
Du
e
to
an
y
d
is
t
u
r
b
an
ce
,
t
h
e
i
m
p
e
d
an
ce
id
en
ti
f
ied
b
y
r
ela
y
w
ill
g
o
i
n
f
o
r
th
e
t
h
ir
d
zo
n
e
o
f
m
h
o
r
ela
y
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tics
,
th
e
r
ela
y
w
ill
co
n
s
id
er
as
a
f
au
lt
an
d
r
ela
y
o
p
er
ates
w
h
ic
h
it
s
h
o
u
ld
n
o
t.
T
h
is
m
alo
p
er
atio
n
o
f
r
ela
y
u
n
d
er
s
tr
ess
ed
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ca
n
ca
u
s
e
b
lack
o
u
t
[
6
-
8
]
.
So
,
it
is
n
ec
e
s
s
ar
y
to
d
etec
t
th
e
zo
n
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
r
ela
y
b
ef
o
r
e
b
lo
ck
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
r
ela
y
m
alo
p
er
atio
n
.
B
y
u
s
i
n
g
co
n
v
e
n
ti
n
al
r
ela
y
s
,
t
h
e
cir
cu
it
b
r
ea
k
er
s
w
il
l
tr
ip
th
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
t
o
th
e
n
ea
r
by
f
a
u
lt
w
h
ch
i
s
r
eq
u
ir
ed
an
d
in
ad
d
itio
n
th
e
cir
cu
it
b
r
ea
k
er
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
f
ar
a
w
a
y
f
r
o
m
s
ev
er
e
f
a
u
lt
m
a
y
also
tr
ip
th
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
w
h
ich
is
n
o
t
r
eq
u
ir
ed
[
9
]
.
T
h
is
in
ter
r
u
p
ted
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
ly
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
to
th
e
lo
ad
en
d
s
m
a
y
e
f
f
ec
t
th
e
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
id
e
p
r
o
d
u
cts
[
1
0
-
1
2
]
.
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
i
s
ef
f
ec
t,
t
h
e
r
ela
y
s
an
d
c
ir
cu
it
b
r
ea
k
er
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
i
n
co
-
o
r
d
in
atio
n
.
T
h
e
d
is
tan
ce
r
ela
y
an
d
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
cir
cu
it
b
r
ea
k
er
s
h
o
u
ld
r
esp
o
n
d
o
n
l
y
if
th
e
f
au
l
t
is
n
ea
r
to
th
e
r
elay
,
ca
lled
as
p
r
im
ar
y
r
ela
y
b
u
t
n
o
t
to
b
e
o
p
er
ated
if
t
h
e
f
a
u
lt
is
f
ar
a
w
a
y
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
ela
y
,
it
s
h
o
u
ld
n
ee
d
to
o
p
er
ate
o
n
ly
if
t
h
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il 2
0
2
1
:
9
1
9
-
928
920
r
eq
u
ir
ed
cir
cu
i
t
b
r
ea
k
er
n
o
t
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
ed
,
ca
lled
as b
ac
k
u
p
r
ea
ly
[
1
3
]
.
T
o
ac
o
m
p
lis
h
th
e
r
ela
y
co
-
o
p
er
atio
n
,
m
h
o
t
y
p
e
r
ela
y
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
,
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
i
s
d
o
n
e
w
it
h
r
e
f
er
en
ce
t
o
th
e
ad
m
itta
n
ce
e
v
al
u
ated
at
th
e
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
n
o
d
e
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
h
av
in
g
u
s
ed
n
u
m
b
er
s
o
f
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
li
n
es a
n
d
n
e
ed
s
to
p
r
o
tect
all
th
ese
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
lin
es
b
y
u
s
in
g
f
ast
r
esp
o
n
d
i
n
g
r
ela
y
[
1
5
]
.
A
n
ele
m
en
tar
y
m
h
o
r
ela
y
[
16
]
ah
ea
d
w
i
th
a
2
-
b
u
s
test
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
h
a
ll
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
v
ec
to
r
s
f
r
o
m
Fig
u
r
e
1
ar
e
s
et
o
f
f
by
c
u
r
r
en
t
I
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
li
n
e
w
it
h
a
ch
a
n
g
e
of
r
esi
s
ts
n
ce
R
,
r
ea
cta
n
ce
X
a
n
d
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
Z
v
al
u
es.
T
h
e
r
es
is
tan
ce
R
v
al
u
e
a
n
d
t
h
e
X
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
b
e
t
h
e
r
ea
l
a
n
d
i
m
a
g
in
ar
y
v
al
u
e
s
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
e
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
(
R
-
X)
ch
ar
ac
ter
itic
s
i
s
t
h
e
m
ar
k
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
c
u
r
r
en
t
an
d
v
o
lta
g
e
at
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
tar
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
l
in
e.
I
m
p
ed
an
ce
an
g
le
is
d
eter
m
in
e
d
b
y
co
m
p
ar
in
g
t
h
e
a
n
g
le
s
b
et
w
ee
n
V,
s
aid
to
b
e
p
o
lar
izin
g
q
u
an
t
it
y
an
d
I
Z
s
ai
d
to
b
e
co
n
d
u
cti
n
g
q
u
a
n
ti
t
y
.
C
o
n
s
id
er
ed
E
is
Gr
id
o
r
s
u
p
p
l
y
a
n
d
f
au
l
t
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
o
n
li
n
e.
T
h
e
cir
cle
d
ia
g
r
a
m
al
s
o
p
r
esen
te
d
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
1
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
clar
it
y
o
n
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
s
y
s
te
m
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
u
s
ed
in
g
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
.
Mo
r
ev
o
r
e,
th
e
r
elay
ca
n
ab
le
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
f
lo
w
i
n
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
lin
e
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
l
y
t
o
w
o
r
k
ac
co
r
d
in
g
l
y
o
cc
u
r
an
ce
o
f
f
a
u
lt o
n
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
[
1
7
]
.
I
m
p
ed
an
ce
c
h
ar
ac
ter
s
i
tics
o
r
R
-
X
p
lo
t
al
w
a
y
s
f
lu
ct
u
ate
w
it
h
v
ar
iatio
n
in
t
h
e
d
ia
m
et
er
o
f
th
e
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
zo
n
e,
i
f
a
tr
a
n
s
ie
n
t
s
tate
[
1
8
]
h
ap
p
en
o
n
th
e
li
ne
s
u
c
h
a
s
s
e
v
er
e
f
au
lt
at
b
o
th
t
h
e
e
n
d
s
o
f
t
h
e
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
li
n
e.
W
h
en
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
r
elatio
n
ch
an
g
e
s
w
h
ich
ar
e
g
e
n
er
all
y
i
n
v
er
s
e
to
ea
ch
o
th
er
,
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
r
ela
y
also
v
ar
ies.
Du
r
in
g
s
tead
y
s
t
ate
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
th
e
i
m
p
ed
an
c
e
Z
v
al
u
e
is
h
i
g
h
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
e
V
i
s
g
r
ea
ter
t
h
a
n
t
h
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
I
.
So
,
th
e
i
m
p
ed
an
c
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
r
ela
y
w
ill
n
e
v
e
r
en
ter
in
to
th
e
R
-
X
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
in
r
es
u
lt
r
ela
y
w
il
l
n
o
t
r
esp
o
n
d
.
B
u
t
d
u
r
i
n
g
ab
n
o
r
m
al
s
u
ch
a
s
f
a
u
lt
co
n
d
it
io
n
s,
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
V
f
alld
o
w
n
to
a
lo
w
v
al
u
e
w
h
er
ea
s
th
e
I
v
al
u
e
s
u
d
d
en
l
y
r
aise
s
w
h
ic
h
m
ak
e
s
th
e
Z
v
alu
e
to
f
alld
o
w
n
[
19
,
20
]
,
r
esu
lt
s
t
h
e
r
ela
y
w
il
l
r
esp
o
n
d
i
m
m
ed
iatel
y
.
T
h
e
cir
c
u
it
b
r
e
ak
er
s
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
attac
h
ed
to
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
ca
r
r
y
i
n
g
lin
es
ar
e
o
p
er
ated
w
it
h
v
ar
ia
ti
o
n
in
Z
v
a
lu
e
w
i
th
r
e
f
er
en
ce
t
o
th
e
f
a
u
lts
,
eit
h
er
at
s
o
u
r
ce
o
r
at
lo
ad
en
d
s
.
T
o
v
ie
w
mho
r
ela
y
co
-
o
r
d
in
atio
n
,
th
i
s
p
ap
er
co
n
s
id
er
s
a
n
I
E
E
E
9
b
u
s
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
s
e
v
er
e
f
au
lts
ar
e
ta
k
i
n
g
p
lace
at
v
ar
io
u
s
p
lace
m
en
t
s
a
n
d
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
b
r
ea
k
er
s
w
i
th
r
e
f
er
en
ce
to
t
h
e
f
au
l
t
d
is
tan
ce
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
r
ela
y
p
lace
m
en
t [
2
1
]
.
An
I
E
E
E
9
b
u
s
s
y
s
te
m
[
22
]
w
h
ich
ac
tu
a
ll
y
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
3
P
V
g
en
er
ati
n
g
s
o
u
r
ce
s
at
r
e
s
p
ec
tiv
e
b
u
s
es 1
,
2
an
d
3
.
T
h
r
ee
P
Q
lo
ad
b
u
s
es
at
b
u
s
es
5
,
6
an
d
8
r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
.
T
h
e
s
ix
2
3
0
k
V
o
p
er
ati
n
g
li
n
e
s
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
m
ed
iu
m
li
n
es
.
T
h
e
to
tal
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
n
et
w
o
r
k
is
a
r
in
g
m
ai
n
s
y
s
te
m
w
h
er
e
3
P
V
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
u
t
o
f
o
n
e
g
en
er
ati
n
g
s
o
u
r
ce
ac
ts
a
s
a
s
lack
b
u
s
a
n
d
t
h
r
ee
P
Q
lo
ad
s
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t
to
ea
ch
o
th
er
b
y
allo
ca
tin
g
t
h
e
ac
ti
v
e
a
n
d
r
ea
cti
v
e
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
all
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
I
E
E
E
9
b
u
s
s
y
s
te
m
s
i
n
g
le
li
n
e
d
iag
r
a
m
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
2.
P
V
s
o
u
r
ce
ea
c
h
g
en
er
ates
ac
t
iv
e
p
o
w
er
at
v
ar
io
u
s
v
o
lta
g
e
s
[
23
]
an
d
d
i
s
s
i
m
ila
r
ca
p
ac
it
y
o
f
s
tep
u
p
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
ar
e
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
te
d
to
ea
ch
o
th
er
.
I
n
d
iv
id
u
al
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
ies ar
e
m
ain
tain
ed
at
2
3
0
k
V.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Mh
o
r
ela
y
f
u
n
ctio
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
P
lace
m
e
n
t o
f
d
is
ta
n
c
e
r
elay
s
R
7
9
,
R
4
7
an
d
R
4
9
o
f
I
E
E
E
9
b
u
s
s
y
s
te
m
I
m
p
ed
an
ce
is
g
e
n
er
all
y
co
n
s
id
er
ed
w
ith
r
es
is
ta
n
ce
R
a
n
d
r
ea
ctan
ce
X
,
as
g
iv
e
n
b
elo
w
Z
=
R
+
j
X
(
1
)
No
w
t
h
e
co
m
p
lex
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
s
ig
n
al
is
co
n
v
er
ted
to
p
o
lar
f
o
r
m
in
o
r
d
er
to
f
in
g
th
e
a
n
g
les
o
f
ea
ch
p
ar
a
m
eter
,
g
iv
e
n
as
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
Th
r
ee
z
o
n
e
d
etec
tio
n
a
n
d
d
is
ta
n
ce
r
ela
y
co
-
o
r
d
in
a
tio
n
o
f p
o
w
er sy
s
tem
p
r
o
tectio
n
(
C
h
o
lleti S
r
ir
a
m)
921
Z
|
=
(
|
V
|
)
/(
|
I
|
)
(
2
)
∟
Z
=
∟
V
-
∟I
(
3
)
C
o
n
s
id
er
a
m
o
s
t
s
e
v
er
e
f
a
u
lt
is
cr
ea
ted
f
o
r
s
u
d
d
en
c
h
an
g
e
in
cu
r
r
en
t
in
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
e
s
.
M
o
d
ellin
g
o
f
I
E
E
E
9
b
u
s
s
y
s
t
e
m
w
it
h
th
r
ee
d
is
tan
ce
r
ela
y
s
ar
e:
i)
D
is
tan
ce
r
ela
y
R
7
9
:
R
7
9
is
p
lace
d
at
b
u
s
7
-
9
w
h
ich
e
n
s
u
r
es
th
r
ee
zo
n
e
p
r
o
tec
tio
n
o
f
p
o
w
er
ca
r
r
y
in
g
l
in
es
co
n
n
ec
ti
n
g
f
r
o
m
b
u
s
7
to
b
u
s
8
an
d
b
u
s
8
to
b
u
s
9
;
ii)
D
is
ta
n
ce
r
ela
y
R
4
7
:
R
4
7
is
p
lace
d
at
b
u
s
4
-
7
w
h
ic
h
en
s
u
r
e
s
th
r
ee
zo
n
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
o
f
p
o
w
er
ca
r
r
y
in
g
lin
es
co
n
n
ec
ti
n
g
f
r
o
m
b
u
s
4
to
b
u
s
5
an
d
b
u
s
5
to
b
u
s
7
;
i
ii)
D
is
tan
ce
r
e
la
y
R
4
9
:
R
4
9
i
s
p
lace
d
at
b
u
s
4
-
9
w
h
ic
h
e
n
s
u
r
es
th
r
ee
zo
n
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
o
f
p
o
w
er
ca
r
r
y
i
n
g
li
n
es
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
f
r
o
m
b
u
s
4
to
b
u
s
6
an
d
b
u
s
6
to
b
u
s
9.
R
7
9
,
R
4
7
an
d
R
4
9
r
ela
y
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
t
h
r
ee
zo
n
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
p
lace
d
a
t
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
p
lace
s
a
ls
o
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
ese
d
i
s
tan
ce
r
ela
y
s
w
ill
s
e
n
s
e
th
e
f
au
l
t
a
n
d
m
a
k
e
t
h
e
cir
c
u
it
b
r
ea
k
er
s
to
o
p
e
r
ate
if
n
ec
ess
a
r
y
.
T
h
r
ee
cir
cu
it
b
r
ea
k
er
s
ar
e:
i)
C
ir
cu
it
B
r
ea
k
er
C
B
1
:
Op
e
r
ates
w
h
en
s
ig
n
al
s
s
en
t
b
y
t
h
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
r
ela
y
R
7
9
;
ii)
C
ir
cu
i
t
B
r
ea
k
er
C
B
2
:
Op
er
ates
w
h
e
n
s
i
g
n
als
s
e
n
t
b
y
t
h
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
r
ela
y
R
4
7
;
iii
)
C
ir
cu
i
t
B
r
ea
k
er
C
B
3
:
Op
er
ates
w
h
e
n
s
ig
n
al
s
s
e
n
t
b
y
t
h
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
r
ela
y
R
4
9
co
n
n
ec
ted
at
s
y
s
te
m
.
A
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
f
a
u
lt
i
s
ap
p
lied
at
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
b
u
s
es
at
0
.
3
s
ec
s
an
d
f
a
u
lt
clea
r
ed
at
0
.
5
s
ec
s
.
Si
m
u
latio
n
r
u
n
f
o
r
0
.
7
s
ec
s
.
2.
Z
O
NAL
SCH
E
M
E
O
F
P
RO
T
E
C
T
I
O
N
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
co
m
p
lete
p
r
o
tectio
n
o
f
a
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
,
it
r
eq
u
i
r
es
to
o
p
er
ate
a
d
is
tan
ce
r
elay
f
o
r
t
h
r
ee
zo
n
es.
Z
o
n
e
-
1
o
p
er
ates
f
o
r
8
0
%
o
f
f
ir
s
t
li
n
e,
Z
o
n
e
2
o
p
er
at
es
f
o
r
1
0
0
%
o
f
f
ir
s
t
li
n
e
p
l
u
s
2
0
%
o
f
s
ec
o
n
d
lin
e
an
d
Z
o
n
e
3
o
p
er
ates
f
o
r
1
0
0
%
o
f
f
ir
s
t
li
n
e
p
lu
s
1
0
0
%
o
f
s
ec
o
n
d
lin
e.
So
t
h
at
a
d
is
ta
n
ce
r
ela
y
p
r
o
v
id
es
p
r
o
tectio
n
f
o
r
t
w
o
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
i
o
n
li
n
es.
Z
o
n
e
2
an
d
Z
o
n
e
3
also
ac
ts
as
a
b
ac
k
u
p
r
ela
y
s
w
ith
a
ti
m
e
d
ela
y
[
2
4
,
25]
.
T
h
e
th
r
ee
-
zo
n
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
s
ch
e
m
e
o
f
I
E
E
E
9
b
u
s
s
y
s
te
m
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
th
e
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
a)
s
h
o
w
s
th
r
ee
zo
n
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
o
f
r
ela
y
R
7
9
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
b
)
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
r
ee
zo
n
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
o
f
r
ela
y
R
4
7
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
c)
s
h
o
w
s
th
r
ee
zo
n
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
o
f
r
ela
y
R
4
9
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
r
ee
z
o
n
e
s
ch
e
m
e
o
f
p
r
o
tectio
n
,
(
a)
R
7
9
th
r
ee
zo
n
e
s
c
h
e
m
e
,
(
b
)
R
4
7
th
r
ee
zo
n
e
s
ch
e
m
e
,
(
c)
R
4
9
th
r
ee
zo
n
e
s
ch
e
m
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il 2
0
2
1
:
9
1
9
-
928
922
T
h
e
d
esig
n
o
f
d
is
ta
n
ce
r
ela
y
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
4
w
h
ich
d
etec
ts
th
e
zo
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
r
ela
y
.
T
h
e
zo
n
e
d
etec
t
io
n
is
d
es
ig
n
ed
as
s
h
o
wn
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
is
b
ased
o
n
i
f
a
n
d
else
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
i
n
g
.
I
f
t
h
e
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
e
v
alu
a
ted
b
y
d
is
ta
n
ce
r
ela
y
i
s
less
t
h
an
th
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
s
etti
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
r
ela
y
,
t
h
en
t
h
is
d
esi
g
n
s
h
o
w
s
at
w
h
ic
h
zo
n
e
th
e
r
ela
y
i
s
g
o
i
n
g
to
o
p
er
ate.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Z
o
n
e
d
etec
tio
n
s
i
m
u
lin
k
d
esig
n
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
3.
1
.
Dis
t
a
nce
re
la
y
cha
ra
ct
e
ristics
T
o
p
r
o
tect
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
l
i
n
es
o
f
I
E
E
E
9
b
u
s
s
y
s
te
m
,
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
r
ela
y
s
R
7
9
,
R
4
7
an
d
R
4
9
ar
e
p
lace
d
.
T
o
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
t
h
e
r
el
a
y
o
p
er
atio
n
,
th
e
th
r
ee
p
h
a
s
es
to
g
r
o
u
n
d
f
a
u
lt
i
s
ap
p
lied
at
0
.
3
s
ec
s
an
d
clea
r
ed
at
0
.
5
s
ec
s
at
d
if
f
er
e
n
t d
is
ta
n
c
es f
ar
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
r
ela
y
p
o
s
itio
n
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
h
a
s
r
u
n
f
o
r
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
f
au
lt o
cc
u
r
ab
le
ca
s
es:
Fau
lt a
t 6
0
k
m
f
ar
f
r
o
m
b
u
s
7
-
9;
Fau
lt a
t 1
1
0
k
m
f
ar
f
r
o
m
b
u
s
7
-
9
;
Fau
lt a
t 1
6
0
k
m
f
ar
f
r
o
m
b
u
s
7
-
9;
Fau
lt a
t 6
0
k
m
f
ar
f
r
o
m
b
u
s
4
-
7
;
Fau
lt a
t 1
1
0
k
m
f
ar
f
r
o
m
b
u
s
4
-
7;
Fau
lt a
t 1
6
0
k
m
f
ar
f
r
o
m
b
u
s
4
-
7
;
Fau
lt a
t 6
0
k
m
f
ar
f
r
o
m
b
u
s
4
-
9;
Fau
lt a
t 1
1
0
k
m
f
ar
f
r
o
m
b
u
s
4
-
9
;
Fau
lt a
t 1
6
0
k
m
f
ar
f
r
o
m
b
u
s
4
-
9
;
3
.
1
.
1
.
Dis
t
a
nce
re
la
y
R7
9
T
h
e
s
ettin
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
r
el
a
y
R
7
9
p
lace
d
at
b
u
s
7
-
9
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
t
h
e
T
ab
le
1
.
T
ab
le
1
.
R
7
9
s
ettin
g
s
P
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
v
e
Z
o
n
e
s
Z
o
n
a
l
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
Z
(
O
h
ms)
Z
o
n
e
-
1
8
0
%
o
f
B
u
s
7
-
B
u
s
8
2
5
.
8
0
Z
o
n
e
-
2
1
0
0
%
o
f
B
u
s
7
-
B
u
s
8
+
2
0
%
o
f
B
u
s
8
-
B
u
s
9
4
9
.
0
0
Z
o
n
e
-
3
1
0
0
%
o
f
B
u
s
7
-
8
+
1
0
0
%
B
u
s
8
-
B
u
s
9
1
1
6
.
8
0
Fau
lt a
t 6
0
k
m
f
ar
f
r
o
m
b
u
s
7
-
9
A
t
h
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
f
a
u
lt
i
s
p
lace
d
at
6
0
k
m
,
1
1
0
k
m
a
n
d
1
6
0
k
m
f
ar
f
r
o
m
R
7
9
r
elay
a
n
d
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
d
is
ta
n
ce
r
ela
y
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
th
e
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
(
a)
,
r
ev
ea
ls
t
h
e
v
ar
iat
io
n
s
o
f
r
esis
ta
n
ce
a
n
d
r
ea
ctan
ce
v
al
u
es
d
u
e
to
f
a
u
lt
f
o
r
all
th
e
th
r
ee
p
h
ases
.
T
h
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
v
ar
iatio
n
d
u
e
to
f
au
l
t
is
en
ter
i
n
g
i
n
to
th
e
zo
n
e
1
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
(
b
)
,
zo
n
e
2
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
an
d
zo
n
e
3
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ics
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
So
,
th
e
r
ela
y
R
7
9
o
p
er
ates a
n
d
m
a
k
es t
h
e
C
B
1
to
tr
ip
.
Fa
u
lt
at
1
1
0
k
m
f
ar
f
r
o
m
b
u
s
7
-
9
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
Fau
lt
at
1
6
0
k
m
f
ar
f
r
o
m
b
u
s
7
-
9
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
Th
r
ee
z
o
n
e
d
etec
tio
n
a
n
d
d
is
ta
n
ce
r
ela
y
co
-
o
r
d
in
a
tio
n
o
f p
o
w
er sy
s
tem
p
r
o
tectio
n
(
C
h
o
lleti S
r
ir
a
m)
923
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
5.
(
a)
Desig
n
o
f
d
i
s
tan
c
e
r
elay
R
7
9
,
(
b
)
R
7
9
R
-
X
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
R
7
9
R
-
X
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
R
7
9
R
-
X
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
3
.
1
.
2
.
Dis
t
a
nce
re
la
y
R4
7
T
h
e
s
ettin
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
r
el
a
y
R
4
7
p
lace
d
at
b
u
s
4
-
7
is
in
d
icate
d
in
th
e
T
ab
le
2
.
T
ab
le
2
.
R
4
7
s
ettin
g
s
P
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
v
e
Z
o
n
e
s
Z
o
n
a
l
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
Z
(
O
h
ms)
Z
o
n
e
-
1
80
%
o
f
B
u
s
4
-
B
u
s
5
3
0
.
4
0
Z
o
n
e
-
2
1
0
0
%
o
f
B
u
s
4
-
B
u
s
5
+
2
0
%
o
f
B
u
s
5
-
B
u
s
7
6
1
.
5
0
Z
o
n
e
-
3
1
0
0
%
o
f
B
u
s
4
-
B
u
s
5
+
1
0
0
%
B
u
s
5
-
B
u
s
7
1
5
5
.
8
0
Fau
lt a
t 6
0
k
m
f
ar
f
r
o
m
b
u
s
4
-
7
A
th
r
e
e
-
p
h
a
s
e
f
au
lt i
s
ap
p
lied
at
6
0
k
m
,
1
1
0
k
m
a
n
d
1
6
0
k
m
f
ar
f
r
o
m
R
4
7
r
ela
y
a
n
d
t
h
e
d
e
s
ig
n
o
f
d
is
tan
ce
re
la
y
is
s
a
m
e
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
th
e
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
a)
,
r
ev
ea
ls
th
e
v
ar
iati
o
n
s
o
f
r
esis
tan
ce
a
n
d
r
ea
ctan
ce
v
alu
e
s
d
u
e
to
f
au
lt
f
o
r
all
t
h
e
t
h
r
ee
p
h
as
es.
T
h
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
v
ar
iat
io
n
d
u
e
to
f
au
lt
is
e
n
ter
i
n
g
i
n
to
th
e
zo
n
e
1
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
8
,
zo
n
e
2
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
an
d
zo
n
e
3
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
as s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
0
.
So
,
th
e
r
elay
R
4
7
o
p
er
ates a
n
d
m
a
k
es t
h
e
C
B
2
to
tr
ip
.
Fau
lt
at
1
1
0
k
m
f
ar
f
r
o
m
b
u
s
4
-
7
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
9
Fau
lt
at
1
6
0
k
m
f
ar
f
r
o
m
b
u
s
4
-
7
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
10
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il 2
0
2
1
:
9
1
9
-
928
924
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
R
4
7
R
-
X
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
R
4
7
R
-
X
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
R
4
7
R
-
X
c
h
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tics
3
.
1
.
3
.
Dis
t
a
nce
re
la
y
R4
9
T
h
e
s
ettin
g
s
o
f
th
e
d
i
s
ta
n
ce
r
ela
y
R
4
9
p
lace
d
at
b
u
s
4
-
9
is
in
d
icate
d
in
t
h
e
T
ab
le
3
.
A
t
h
r
e
e
-
p
h
a
s
e
f
au
lt
is
ap
p
lied
at
6
0
k
m
,
1
1
0
k
m
a
n
d
1
6
0
k
m
f
ar
f
r
o
m
R
4
9
r
ela
y
an
d
th
e
d
es
ig
n
o
f
d
is
tan
ce
r
e
lay
i
s
s
a
m
e
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
t
h
e
F
ig
u
r
e
5
(
a)
.
R
e
v
ea
ls
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
s
o
f
r
es
is
ta
n
ce
a
n
d
r
ea
ctan
ce
v
al
u
es
d
u
e
to
f
a
u
lt
f
o
r
all
th
e
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
s
.
T
h
e
im
p
ed
an
ce
v
ar
iatio
n
d
u
e
to
f
a
u
lt
i
s
en
te
r
in
g
i
n
to
th
e
zo
n
e
1
ch
ar
ac
te
r
is
tics
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
,
zo
n
e
2
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
2
an
d
zo
n
e
3
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
as
s
h
o
wn
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
3
.
So
,
th
e
r
ela
y
R
4
9
o
p
er
ates a
n
d
m
a
k
es t
h
e
C
B
3
to
tr
ip
.
Fau
lt a
t 6
0
k
m
f
ar
f
r
o
m
b
u
s
4
-
9
Fau
lt
at
1
1
0
k
m
f
ar
f
r
o
m
b
u
s
4
-
9
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
12
Fau
lt
at
1
6
0
k
m
f
ar
f
r
o
m
b
u
s
4
-
9
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
13
T
ab
le
3
.
R
4
9
s
ettin
g
s
P
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
v
e
Z
o
n
e
s
L
i
n
e
Z
o
n
a
l
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
Z
(
O
h
ms)
Z
o
n
e
-
1
8
0
%
o
f
B
u
s
4
-
B
u
s
6
3
3
.
4
0
Z
o
n
e
-
2
1
0
0
%
o
f
B
u
s
4
-
B
u
s
6
+
2
0
%
o
f
B
u
s
6
-
B
u
s
9
6
7
.
0
0
Z
o
n
e
-
3
1
0
0
%
o
f
B
u
s
4
-
6
+
1
0
0
%
B
u
s
6
-
9
1
6
8
.
3
0
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
Th
r
ee
z
o
n
e
d
etec
tio
n
a
n
d
d
is
ta
n
ce
r
ela
y
co
-
o
r
d
in
a
tio
n
o
f p
o
w
er sy
s
tem
p
r
o
tectio
n
(
C
h
o
lleti S
r
ir
a
m)
925
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
R
4
9
R
-
X
c
h
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tics
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
.
R
4
9
R
-
X
c
h
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tics
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
.
R
4
9
R
-
X
c
h
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tics
3
.
1
.
4
.
O
pera
t
io
n
o
f
circ
uit
brea
k
er
s
CB
1
,
CB
2
,
CB
3
T
h
e
cir
cu
it b
r
ea
k
er
s
ar
e
tr
ip
p
ed
u
s
i
n
g
r
ela
y
s
R
7
9
,
R
4
7
an
d
R
4
9
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
is
e
v
alu
a
ted
b
y
ex
a
m
in
i
n
g
c
u
r
r
en
t
a
n
d
v
o
ltag
eo
f
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
li
n
e.
Fro
m
t
h
e
ab
o
v
e
s
ec
tio
n
,
it
is
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
th
at
t
h
e
d
i
s
tan
c
e
r
ela
y
s
R
7
9
,
R
4
7
an
d
R
4
9
ar
e
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
t
h
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
f
au
lt
an
d
ar
e
o
p
er
atin
g
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t
to
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
s
ee
n
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
lo
ca
tio
n
s
o
f
f
a
u
lt
an
d
r
ela
y
.
W
h
en
t
h
e
r
ela
y
s
s
e
n
s
e
t
h
e
f
a
u
lt,
it
s
e
n
d
s
tr
ip
p
in
g
s
ig
n
al
s
to
th
e
r
esp
ec
ti
v
e
cir
cu
it
b
r
ea
k
er
s
C
B
1
,
C
B
2
an
d
C
B
3
.
I
t
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
all
th
e
th
r
ee
s
i
n
g
le
p
h
ase
in
d
iv
id
u
al
cir
cu
it
b
r
ea
k
er
s
tr
i
p
to
lo
g
ic
‘
0
’
w
h
en
t
h
e
f
a
u
lt
t
ak
es
p
lace
at
0
.
3
s
ec
s
an
d
o
p
e
n
s
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
lin
e.
W
h
e
n
th
e
f
au
lt
is
clea
r
e
d
at
0
.
5
s
ec
s
th
e
cir
cu
it
b
r
ea
k
er
s
C
B
1
,
C
B
2
an
d
C
B
3
o
f
all
th
r
ee
p
h
ases
w
i
ll
in
cr
ea
s
e
to
lo
g
ic
‘
1
’
w
h
ic
h
is
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
i
n
th
i
s
s
i
m
u
latio
n
w
it
h
t
h
e
h
elp
o
f
[
8
-
1
4
]
.
3.
2
.
Rela
y
co
-
o
rdina
t
io
n
C
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
R
4
7
an
d
R
4
9
:
C
o
n
s
id
er
w
h
e
n
R
7
9
o
p
er
ates
d
u
e
to
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
to
g
r
o
u
n
d
f
a
u
l
t
1
6
0
k
m
f
ar
f
r
o
m
b
u
s
7
-
9
,
th
e
r
ela
y
w
h
ic
h
i
s
p
lace
d
n
ea
r
to
t
h
e
f
a
u
lt
lo
ca
tio
n
s
h
o
u
ld
o
p
er
ate
i.e
.
R
7
9
o
p
er
ates.
W
h
er
e
as
th
e
o
t
h
er
r
ela
y
s
R
4
7
an
d
R
4
9
s
h
o
u
ld
n
o
t
o
p
er
ate
w
h
ic
h
m
ea
n
s
t
h
er
e
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
th
e
co
-
o
r
d
in
atio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
r
ela
y
s
.
T
h
e
i
m
p
e
d
an
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
t
h
e
R
7
9
w
ill
en
ter
i
n
to
t
h
e
R
-
X
c
h
ar
ac
te
r
is
tics
a
n
d
th
e
r
ela
y
R
7
9
o
p
er
ates
as
o
b
s
er
v
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
b
)
.
B
u
t
th
e
im
p
ed
an
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
o
th
er
r
ela
y
s
R
4
7
an
d
R
4
9
w
ill
n
o
t
en
ter
in
to
t
h
e
R
-
X
c
h
a
r
ac
ter
is
t
ics as s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
4
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
1
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il 2
0
2
1
:
9
1
9
-
928
926
Fig
u
r
e
1
4
.
R
4
7
R
-
X
c
h
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tics
Fig
u
r
e
15
.
R
4
9
R
-
X
c
h
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tics
3.
3
.
Circ
uit
brea
k
er
co
-
o
rdina
t
io
n
I
t
is
clea
r
l
y
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
th
e
b
r
ea
k
er
C
B
1
tr
ip
s
w
h
ic
h
n
ea
r
to
th
e
f
a
u
lt
at
b
u
s
7
-
9
r
ath
e
r
th
e
o
th
e
r
cir
cu
it
b
r
ea
k
er
s
C
B
2
an
d
C
B
3
ar
e
v
er
y
f
ar
f
r
o
m
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
f
au
lt
is
n
o
t
o
p
er
ated
as
th
er
e
i
s
n
o
m
u
c
h
v
ar
iatio
n
in
li
n
e
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
w
h
ich
m
ea
n
s
cir
c
u
it
b
r
ea
k
er
co
-
or
d
in
ati
o
n
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
16
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
17.
T
h
e
r
elay
co
-
o
r
d
in
atio
n
a
n
d
t
h
e
cir
c
u
it
b
r
ea
k
er
co
-
o
r
d
in
ati
o
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
ab
o
v
e
ca
s
es
ar
e
i
n
d
icate
d
in
T
ab
le
4
,
T
ab
le
5
w
h
er
e
NT
in
d
icate
s
as
No
T
r
ip
,
Z
1
,
Z
2
,
Z
3
in
d
icate
s
as Z
o
n
e
s
1
,
2
an
d
3
.
Fig
u
r
e
16.
C
B
2
n
o
n
-
tr
ip
p
in
g
s
ig
n
a
ls
Fig
u
r
e
1
7
.
C
B
3
n
o
n
-
tr
ip
p
in
g
s
ig
n
a
ls
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
Th
r
ee
z
o
n
e
d
etec
tio
n
a
n
d
d
is
ta
n
ce
r
ela
y
co
-
o
r
d
in
a
tio
n
o
f p
o
w
er sy
s
tem
p
r
o
tectio
n
(
C
h
o
lleti S
r
ir
a
m)
927
T
ab
le
4
.
R
elay
c
o
-
o
r
d
in
atio
n
F
a
u
l
t
/
R
e
l
a
y
F
a
u
l
t
o
n
B
u
s
7
-
9
F
a
u
l
t
o
n
B
u
s
4
-
7
F
a
u
l
t
o
n
B
u
s
4
-
9
6
0
k
m
1
1
0
k
m
1
6
0
k
m
6
0
k
m
1
1
0
k
m
1
6
0
k
m
6
0
k
m
1
1
0
k
m
1
6
0
k
m
R
7
9
Z1
T
r
i
p
s
Z2
T
r
i
p
s
Z3
T
r
i
p
s
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
R
4
7
NT
NT
NT
Z1
T
r
i
p
s
Z2
T
r
i
p
s
Z3
T
r
i
p
s
NT
NT
NT
R
4
9
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
Z1
T
r
i
p
s
Z2
T
r
i
p
s
Z3
T
r
i
p
s
T
ab
le
5
.
C
ir
cu
it
b
r
ea
k
er
c
o
-
o
r
d
in
atio
n
F
a
u
l
t
/
CB
F
a
u
l
t
o
n
B
u
s
7
-
9
F
a
u
l
t
o
n
B
u
s
4
-
7
F
a
u
l
t
o
n
B
u
s
4
-
9
6
0
k
m
1
1
0
k
m
1
6
0
k
m
6
0
k
m
1
1
0
k
m
1
6
0
k
m
6
0
k
m
1
1
0
k
m
1
6
0
k
m
C
B
1
T
r
i
p
s
T
r
i
p
s
T
r
i
p
s
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
C
B
2
NT
NT
NT
T
r
i
p
s
T
r
i
p
s
T
r
i
p
s
NT
NT
NT
C
B
3
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
T
r
i
p
s
T
r
i
p
s
T
r
i
p
s
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
ab
o
v
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lts
,
r
ev
ea
ls
t
h
at
t
h
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
r
ela
y
s
R
7
9
,
R
4
7
an
d
R
4
9
w
i
ll
o
p
er
ate
w
h
e
n
ev
er
th
r
ee
p
h
a
s
e
f
a
u
lts
i
s
tak
i
n
g
p
lace
at
an
y
d
is
tan
c
e
an
d
also
en
s
u
r
es
t
h
e
th
r
ee
-
zo
n
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
o
f
r
ela
y
.
T
h
e
cir
cu
it
b
r
ea
k
er
s
C
B
1
,
C
B
2
an
d
C
B
3
ar
e
tr
ip
p
e
d
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t
to
th
e
s
i
g
n
als
s
en
t
b
y
t
h
e
r
ela
y
s
.
W
h
en
t
h
e
r
ela
y
o
p
er
ates
w
h
ic
h
is
clo
s
e
to
t
h
e
f
au
lt
lo
ca
tio
n
,
th
e
o
th
er
r
ela
y
s
s
h
o
u
ld
n
o
t
o
p
er
ate
m
ea
n
s
r
ela
y
co
-
o
r
d
in
atio
n
is
d
o
n
e.
Si
m
ilar
l
y
,
th
e
cir
cu
i
t
b
r
ea
k
er
s
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
lin
k
ed
n
ea
r
to
th
e
f
a
u
lt
is
i
m
m
ed
iatel
y
tr
ip
p
ed
w
h
er
e
as
t
h
e
cir
c
u
it
b
r
ea
k
er
s
l
in
k
ed
f
ar
a
w
a
y
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
f
a
u
lt
a
r
e
un
tr
ip
p
ed
.
T
h
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
s
ev
alu
a
ted
at
b
u
s
e
s
7
-
9
,
b
u
s
4
-
7
an
d
b
u
s
4
-
9
ar
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
in
v
a
lu
e
s
w
h
en
t
h
e
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
f
au
l
t
i
s
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
an
d
t
h
e
r
esp
ec
ti
v
e
r
ela
y
s
w
ill tr
ip
o
n
l
y
w
h
en
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
f
all
s
le
s
s
th
an
t
h
e
s
et
tin
g
v
alu
e.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
D.
T
z
io
u
v
a
ra
s,
“
Re
la
y
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
d
u
rin
g
m
a
jo
r
sy
ste
m
d
istu
rb
a
n
c
e
s,”
S
c
h
we
it
ze
r
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
L
a
b
o
ra
to
rie
s,
In
c
.
,
2
0
0
6
.
[
O
n
li
n
e
].
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
:/
/
ww
w
.
s
e
li
n
c
.
c
o
m
.
[2
]
C
.
S
riram
a
n
d
Y.
Ku
su
m
a
lath
a
,
“
A
R
e
v
ie
w
o
n
P
o
w
e
r
S
w
in
g
Blo
c
k
in
g
S
c
h
e
m
e
s
o
f
Dista
n
c
e
Re
la
y
Du
rin
g
S
tab
le
P
o
w
e
r
S
w
in
g
s
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
IJ
EA
T
)
,
v
ol
.
8
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
6
3
6
-
6
4
1
,
2
0
1
9
.
[3
]
J.P
.
E.
M
o
o
n
e
y
a
n
d
N.
F
isc
h
e
r,
“
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
g
u
i
d
e
li
n
e
s
f
o
r
p
o
w
e
r
sw
in
g
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
o
n
tran
sm
issio
n
s
y
ste
m
s,”
Po
we
r
sy
ste
m co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
p
p
.
1
5
9
-
1
6
8
,
2
0
0
6
.
[4
]
K.
A
n
d
a
n
a
p
a
ll
i
a
nd
M.
Bisw
a
l
,
“
An
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
p
o
w
e
r
s
w
in
g
a
n
d
sy
m
m
e
tri
c
a
l
f
a
u
lt
d
isc
ri
m
in
a
ti
o
n
l
o
g
ic
f
o
r
in
teg
ra
ted
p
o
w
e
r
n
e
tw
o
rk
,
”
In
t
e
rn
a
ti
o
n
al
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
El
e
c
tr
ic
a
l
E
n
e
rg
y
S
y
st
e
ms
,
v
o
l.
3
0
,
n
o
.
7
,
2
0
2
0
.
[5
]
S
.
B.
W
il
k
in
so
n
a
n
d
C.
A
.
M
a
th
e
w
s,
“
D
y
n
a
m
ic
c
h
a
ra
c
teristic
s
o
f
M
h
o
Dista
n
c
e
Re
lay
s,
”
GE
P
u
b
li
c
a
ti
o
n
G
ER
-
3742
,
p
p
.
1
-
9
.
[6
]
T
.
Jo
se
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
In
teg
r
a
ted
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
b
a
se
d
th
ird
z
o
n
e
p
r
o
tec
ti
o
n
dur
i
n
g
stre
ss
e
d
s
y
ste
m
c
o
n
d
it
i
o
n
s
,
”
El
e
c
trica
l
S
y
ste
ms
Po
we
r R
e
se
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
1
6
1
,
p
p
.
1
9
9
-
2
1
1
,
2
0
1
8
.
[7
]
S
.
H.
H
o
ro
w
it
z
a
n
d
A
.
G
.
P
h
a
d
k
e
,
“
T
h
ird
z
o
n
e
re
v
isit
e
d
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
P
o
we
r
De
li
v
e
ry
,
v
o
l.
2
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
3
-
2
9
,
2
0
0
6
.
[8
]
P
.
K.
Na
y
a
k
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
e
c
u
re
d
z
o
n
e
3
p
r
o
tec
ti
o
n
d
u
ri
n
g
stre
ss
e
d
c
o
n
d
it
i
o
n
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Po
we
r
De
li
v
e
ry
,
v
o
l.
3
0
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
8
9
-
9
6
,
F
e
b
2
0
1
5
.
[9
]
G
.
E.
A
l
a
x
a
n
d
e
r
a
n
d
J.
G
.
A
n
d
rich
a
k
,
“
G
ro
u
n
d
Dista
n
c
e
Re
la
y
in
g
:
P
r
o
b
lem
s
a
n
d
P
rin
c
i
p
les
,
”
G
E
P
u
b
li
c
a
ti
o
n
G
ER
-
3793
,
p
p
.
1
-
3
6
,
1
9
9
1
.
[1
0
]
M
.
Be
g
o
v
ic,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
re
n
d
s
in
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
p
ro
tec
ti
o
n
a
n
d
c
o
n
t
ro
l,
”
De
c
isio
n
S
u
p
p
o
rt
S
y
st
e
ms
,
v
o
l.
3
0
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
6
9
-
2
7
8
,
2
0
0
1
.
[1
1
]
R.
G
.
F
a
r
m
e
r,
“
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
ste
m
D
y
n
a
m
ics
a
n
d
S
tab
il
it
y
,
”
T
h
e
E
lec
tric
Po
we
r
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
Ha
n
d
b
o
o
k
,
in
L.
L.
Gr
ig
sb
y
,
Bo
c
a
R
a
to
n
,
CRC
Pre
ss
L
L
C
,
2
0
0
1
.
[1
2
]
U
.
K.
Je
th
w
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Co
m
p
re
h
e
n
siv
e
L
o
a
d
-
S
h
e
d
d
in
g
S
y
ste
m
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
I
n
d
u
stry
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
4
6
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
7
4
0
-
7
4
9
,
2
0
1
0
.
[1
3
]
M
.
H
.
Id
ris,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
e
a
c
h
in
g
Dista
n
c
e
Re
la
y
Us
in
g
M
a
tl
a
b
/S
im
u
li
n
k
G
ra
p
h
ica
l
Us
e
r
In
t
e
rf
a
c
e
,
”
M
a
la
y
sia
n
T
e
c
h
n
ica
l
U
n
ive
rs
it
ies
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
&
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
2
0
1
3
,
p
p
.
2
6
4
-
2
7
0
.
[1
4
]
M.
L.
S. S
.
Ku
m
a
r,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
F
a
u
lt
De
tec
ti
o
n
Du
rin
g
P
o
w
e
r
S
w
in
g
in
a
T
CS
C
-
Co
m
p
e
n
sa
ted
T
ra
n
s
m
iss
io
n
L
in
e
Ba
se
d
o
n
Clark
’s
T
ra
n
sf
o
r
m
a
n
d
T
e
a
g
e
r
–
Ka
ise
r
En
e
rg
y
Op
e
ra
to
r
,
”
Ira
n
ia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/s4
0
9
9
8
-
0
2
0
-
0
0
3
4
4
-
2
[1
5
]
C.
S
riram
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Blo
c
k
in
g
th
e
d
istan
c
e
re
la
y
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
in
th
ird
z
o
n
e
d
u
rin
g
p
o
w
e
r
s
w
in
g
u
sin
g
p
o
ly
n
o
m
ial
c
u
rv
e
f
it
ti
n
g
m
e
th
o
d
,
”
2
0
1
4
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
S
ma
rt
El
e
c
tric
Gr
id
(
IS
EG)
,
G
u
n
tu
r,
2
0
1
4
,
p
p
.
1
-
7.
[1
6
]
M.
M
c
.
Do
n
a
ld
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
o
w
e
r
S
w
in
g
a
n
d
o
u
t
o
f
ste
p
c
o
n
sid
e
ra
ti
o
n
s
o
n
tran
sm
issio
n
li
n
e
s
,
”
IEE
E
PS
RC
W
G
D6
,
2
0
0
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il 2
0
2
1
:
9
1
9
-
928
928
[1
7
]
T
.
A
th
a
y
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
p
ra
c
ti
c
a
l
m
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
d
irec
t
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
tran
sie
n
t
sta
b
il
it
y
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
t
io
n
s
o
n
Po
we
r
Ap
p
a
ra
t
u
s
a
n
d
S
y
st
e
ms
,
v
o
l.
P
A
S
-
9
8
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
5
7
3
-
5
8
4
,
1
9
7
9
.
[1
8
]
A
.
A
.
F
o
u
a
d
a
n
d
S
.
E
.
S
ta
n
to
n
,
“
T
ra
n
sie
n
t
sta
b
il
it
y
o
f
a
m
u
lt
i
-
m
a
c
h
in
e
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
.
P
a
rt
II:
C
rit
ica
l
tran
sie
n
t
e
n
e
rg
y
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
P
o
we
r A
p
p
a
ra
t
u
s a
n
d
S
y
st
e
ms
,
v
o
l.
P
A
S
-
1
0
0
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
3
4
1
7
-
3
4
2
4
,
1
9
8
1
.
[1
9
]
N
.
Z
.
M
o
h
a
m
a
d
a
n
d
A
.
F
.
A
b
id
in
,
“
A
Ne
w
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
Hig
h
Re
s
istan
c
e
F
a
u
lt
De
tec
ti
o
n
d
u
ri
n
g
P
o
w
e
r
S
w
in
g
f
o
r
Dista
n
c
e
Re
la
y
,
”
AA
S
RI
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Po
we
r a
n
d
En
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
ms
,
p
p
.
5
0
-
5
5
,
2
0
1
2
.
[2
0
]
P.
K.
Da
sh
a
n
d
S
.
K.
P
a
n
d
a
,
“
F
a
st
e
stim
a
ti
o
n
o
f
v
o
lt
a
g
e
a
n
d
c
u
rre
n
t
p
h
a
so
rs
in
p
o
w
e
r
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
u
s
in
g
a
n
a
d
a
p
ti
v
e
n
e
u
ra
l
n
e
tw
o
rk
,
”
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
P
o
we
r S
y
st
e
ms
,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
4
9
4
-
1
4
9
9
,
1
9
9
7
.
[2
1
]
P
.
Bh
u
i
a
n
d
N.
S
e
n
r
o
y
,
“
Re
a
l
-
ti
m
e
p
re
d
ictio
n
a
n
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
tran
sie
n
t
sta
b
il
it
y
u
sin
g
tran
sie
n
t
e
n
e
rg
y
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Po
we
r S
y
st
e
ms
,
v
o
l.
3
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
9
2
3
-
9
3
4
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
2
]
M
.
C.
S
h
e
k
a
r
a
n
d
N.
A
a
rth
i,
“
Co
n
ti
n
g
e
n
c
y
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
IEE
E
9
Bu
s
S
y
ste
m
,
”
2
0
1
8
3
rd
I
EE
E
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Rec
e
n
t
T
re
n
d
s
in
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
&
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
RT
EICT
)
,
Ba
n
g
a
lo
re
,
In
d
ia,
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
2
2
2
5
-
2
2
2
9
.
[2
3
]
Bo
u
ss
a
d
ia
F
.
a
n
d
Be
lk
h
iat
S
.
,
“
A
n
e
w
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
to
p
re
v
e
n
t
m
a
lo
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
d
istan
c
e
p
ro
tec
ti
o
n
z
o
n
e
3
d
u
r
in
g
w
id
e
‐
a
re
a
d
istu
rb
a
n
c
e
s
,
”
In
t
e
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
El
e
c
tr
ica
l
E
n
e
rg
y
S
y
st
e
ms
,
v
o
l.
2
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
3
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
4
]
K.
R.
P
a
d
iy
a
r
a
n
d
S
.
Krish
n
a
,
“
On
li
n
e
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
o
f
lo
ss
o
f
s
y
n
c
h
ro
n
ism
u
sin
g
e
n
e
rg
y
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
c
rit
e
rio
n
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Po
we
r De
l
ive
ry
,
v
o
l.
2
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
4
6
-
5
5
,
2
0
0
6
.
[2
5
]
S
.
S
h
a
rm
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
a
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
IEE
E
9
Bu
s
s
y
ste
m
u
sin
g
T
CS
C,
”
2
0
1
7
Rec
e
n
t
De
v
e
lo
p
me
n
ts
in
Co
n
tro
l,
A
u
to
m
a
ti
o
n
&
Po
we
r E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
RDCAP
E)
,
No
i
d
a
,
2
0
1
7
,
p
p
.
2
5
1
-
2
5
6
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.