Internati
o
nal
Journal of Ele
c
trical
and Computer
Engineering
(IJE
CE)
Vol.
4, No. 6, Decem
ber
2014, pp. 974~
978
I
S
SN
: 208
8-8
7
0
8
9
74
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: h
ttp
://iaesjo
u
r
na
l.com/
o
n
lin
e/ind
e
x.ph
p
/
IJECE
Circularly P
o
lari
zed Cyli
ndrical
Diel
ect
ri
c Res
o
nator Ant
e
nna
with Different Sh
apes Cross Slot
Z
a
hra Rahimi
an
Ele
c
tri
cal
and
C
o
m
puter Depar
t
m
e
nt,
Uni
v
e
r
si
ty of Ta
briz
, T
a
briz
,
Ira
n
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received
J
u
l 14, 2014
R
e
vi
sed Oct
4,
2
0
1
4
Accepted Oct 24, 2014
A cross slot coupled cy
lindrical d
i
electric r
e
sonator an
tenn
a (CDRA)
operating in th
e X-band (8GHz -12GHz
) frequ
ency
rang
e is studied.
The
proposed CP designs are achiev
e
d b
y
implemen
ting a suitab
l
e crossslot on
the ground p
l
ane (in th
e case of
aperture
coupled
feed method)
, w
h
ich results
in excitation of
two near d
e
g
e
nera
te or
thogo
nal modes of
near
equal
amplitudes and
90
°
phas
e
d
i
ff
erenc
e
.
Att
e
m
p
ts
are
m
a
deto
change
th
e
geometr
y
of slots ends to introd
uce a nov
el stru
cture
in order
to
achieve
a
better impedan
ce bandwidth
with
an improved 3dB axial ratio (AR)
bandwidth. It is found that the ho
urglass
of cross
slot has a great effect on the
s
t
rength of
cou
p
ling be
tween
t
h
e fe
ed lin
e an
d the di
el
ectr
i
c
res
onator
antenn
a.In s
i
m
u
lation an im
ped
a
nce
bandwid
th
of 46.15% and axial ratio
bandwidth of
22% has been
achieve
d with
the abov
e geometr
y
. An
improvement of
12% in
imped
a
nce bandwid
th
and 11
.2%
in
Axial r
a
tio
bandwidth
is obtained
over
conv
ention
a
l r
e
ctang
u
lar
cross slot.
Keyword:
Ant
e
nna
Circularly pola
rized
C
r
oss
sl
ot
Dielectric res
o
nator
Copyright ©
201
4 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
Zahra
R
a
hi
m
i
an,
Electrical and
Com
puter De
partm
e
nt, Un
iv
ersity o
f
Tabriz, Tabriz,
Iran
.
Em
a
il: z_
rah
i
mian
8
9
@m
s.ta
b
r
izu
.
ac.ir
1.
INTRODUCTION
During the
pas
t
two
decades, diel
ectric res
o
nator ante
nna
(DR
A
)
ha
s be
en widely
expl
ore
d
. These
antennas
ha
ve
several
adva
ntages s
u
c
h
as
s
m
all size, li
ght
wei
g
ht
,
ease
of
exci
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
hi
gh
gai
n
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
Di
el
ect
ri
c res
o
nat
o
rs
of
di
ffe
rent
s
h
a
p
es
ha
ve
vari
ous
m
odes
of
res
o
nan
ces.
W
i
t
h
t
h
e
pr
o
p
er e
x
ci
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
certain m
odes, these resonators can actually becom
e
effi
cient radiatorsinstead of
e
n
ergy storage de
vi
ces [1].
Pri
m
ary
cond
uct
e
d st
udi
es
on
DR
A ha
ve
been
m
a
i
n
l
y
foc
u
se
d
on t
h
e l
i
n
ear
p
o
l
a
ri
zat
i
on a
ppl
i
c
at
i
ons,
ban
d
w
i
d
t
h
e
n
h
a
nci
n
g t
ech
ni
q
u
es s
u
ch as e
x
ci
t
a
t
i
on of
hi
g
h
er
or
de
r m
odes, com
b
i
n
at
i
o
n o
f
hy
bri
d
m
odes an
d
array
ap
pl
i
cat
ions
[3]
,
[
4
]
.
Neve
rt
hel
e
ss
, desi
g
n
i
n
g a w
i
deba
nd ci
rc
ul
arl
y
pol
ari
zed
(C
P) DR
A i
s
st
i
l
l
a
ch
allen
g
i
ng
task
.It is d
i
fficult to
si
m
u
l
t
an
eo
u
s
ly ob
tain
wid
e
im
p
e
d
a
nce an
d
ax
ial ratio
(AR)
b
a
nd
wi
d
t
h
s
.
Circularly
pola
rized (CP)
DR
A has r
eceive
d trem
endous at
tention [5]-[10],
m
a
inly due
to its a
b
ility to reduce
th
e po
larization
m
i
s
m
a
t
ch
.
A C
i
rc
ul
ar
pol
ari
zat
i
on
(C
P)
ope
rat
i
o
n
was
achi
e
ve
d t
h
r
o
u
g
h
com
p
l
e
x
ge
om
et
ri
es of t
h
e DR
A
[
5
]
,
[6
] or th
ro
ugh
th
e attach
m
e
n
t
o
f
p
a
rasitic p
a
tch
e
s [7
], [8
]. In
d
e
si
g
n
s [5
]
,
[6
] m
a
k
e
u
s
e o
f
slo
t
s on
the sid
e
wal
l
s
of DR
As
t
o
exci
t
e
dege
nerat
e
m
odes, fo
r ge
nerat
i
o
n
of C
P
fi
el
ds wi
t
h
3dB
AR
ba
n
d
wi
dt
h o
f
8.
2.
In [
9
]
,
anot
her
desi
gn
was
pr
op
ose
d
, i
n
w
h
i
c
h d
u
a
l
-
ba
nd C
P
o
p
e
rat
i
on
was ac
com
p
l
i
s
hed by
usi
n
g a c
r
os
s
sl
ot
co
up
led to
coup
le en
erg
y
from
a
micro
s
trip
lin
e to
a
rectang
u
l
ar DR
A.
The 3
-
d
B
ax
ial-ratio
(AR
)
b
a
ndwid
ths
dB obtaine
d
19.8% a
n
d 6.2% for t
h
e lower and
uppe
r
ba
nds, respecti
v
ely.
Recently,
in [10] the cross slot
cou
p
l
e
d
cy
l
i
n
d
r
i
cal
DR
A
wi
t
h
wi
de i
m
peda
nce a
n
d
AR
b
a
nd
wi
dt
h
has
been
p
r
op
ose
d
.
It
was
dem
o
n
s
t
r
at
ed
th
at th
e
b
a
ndwid
th
o
f
cro
ss sl
o
t
coup
led
DR
A can
b
e
in
creased
sub
s
tan
tially b
y
stack
in
g two
DRs
v
e
rti
cally
.
For
t
h
i
s
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
axi
a
l
rat
i
o
ba
nd
wi
dt
h
obt
ai
n
e
d
16
.0
%.
In t
h
i
s
pa
pe
r,
a si
ngl
y
-fe
d cr
oss sl
ot
co
u
p
l
e
d cy
l
i
ndri
cal
DR
A wi
t
h
di
f
f
ere
n
t
sha
p
es
of cr
oss
s
l
o
t
con
s
i
s
t
of rect
ang
u
l
a
r
,
d
og
b
one
, an
d h
o
u
r
g
l
a
ss i
s
st
udi
e
d
. It
i
s
fo
u
nd t
h
at
t
h
e h
o
u
r
gl
ass of cr
oss sl
ot
has a
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-87
08
IJECE Vol. 4, No. 6, D
ecem
ber 2014
:
974 – 978
9
75
great effect on
the strength
of
coupling bet
w
een the fee
d
line and the
dielectric resonator an
t
e
n
n
a. It
gi
ves
an
opt
i
m
u
m
im
pedance
ba
n
d
wi
d
t
h wi
t
h
an i
m
pro
v
e
d
3
dB
a
x
i
a
l
rat
i
o
(
A
R
)
b
a
nd
wi
dt
h. T
h
e
3dB
AR
ban
d
w
i
d
t
h
s
are 10.8%,
13.6%
, and
22% for the
rec
t
angular,
d
og
bo
ne, a
n
d h
o
u
r
g
l
a
ss cr
oss
sl
ot
, res
p
ect
i
v
el
y
.
I
n
co
m
p
ar
iso
n
w
i
th
sim
i
lar
w
o
rk
s,
t
h
ese pr
oposed
an
tenn
as of
f
e
r
r
e
lativ
ely w
i
d
e
A
R
b
a
n
d
w
i
d
t
h, h
i
gh
g
a
in
,
and
sim
p
l
e
st
ruct
u
r
e. Al
s
o
em
pl
o
y
i
ng FR
4 s
u
bs
t
r
at
e m
a
kes t
h
ese also a low cost st
ruct
ure
.
Othe
r a
d
vanta
g
es
of
t
h
e pr
o
p
o
sed a
n
t
e
n
n
a i
s
usi
n
g
onl
y
o
n
e
po
rt
fo
r achi
e
ve wi
deba
n
d
ci
rc
ul
ar p
o
l
a
ri
zat
i
on a
t
al
l
freque
ncy
ban
d
s
.
Th
e
return lo
sses, ax
ial ratio
s, rad
i
atio
n
p
a
ttern
s
an
d
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
gai
n
s were st
udi
e
d
usi
n
g A
n
soft
HF
SS.
2.
CDRA MODELLING AND DESIGN
The a
p
ert
u
re
-c
ou
pl
ed e
x
ci
t
e
d
cy
l
i
ndri
cal
D
R
A t
h
r
o
ug
h t
h
e rect
an
gul
a
r
,
do
g
bo
ne, a
n
d
ho
u
r
gl
ass
cr
o
s
sslo
ts
w
a
s
d
e
sign
ed
an
d is show
n in
Figu
r
e
1. Th
e cr
ossslo
t
s ar
e in the gr
oun
d p
l
an
e, and
t
h
e
D
R
on
top
of the
slots. T
h
e sl
ots a
r
e ce
ntere
d
wi
t
h
ea
ch
ot
he
r a
n
d
wi
t
h
t
h
e
DR
i
n
the
ground
plane a
n
d s
ubst
r
ate.It is
etched
on a
22mm × 22 mm FR4 (
ε
r
=4.4, ta
n
δ
= 0.00
2)
sub
s
tr
ate
w
ith
a th
ickn
esso
f
S=0.8
mm. Th
e
micro
s
trip
feed
lin
e o
f
W
m
=
1.6m
m
and L
m
= 14m
m
i
s
pri
n
t
e
d o
n
a s
ubst
r
at
e. A sm
al
l
rect
angul
a
r
st
ub o
f
1.6mm × 5
m
m is used at the centere
d below the DR wh
ic
h aids in the impeda
nce m
a
tching. T
h
e DR el
e
m
ent
i
s
m
a
de of R
o
gers R
T
60
1
0
(
ε
r
=1
0.2, tan
δ
= 0.0
0
2
3
)
wi
t
h
t
h
e radi
us a=4
.
3
2
m
m
and he
i
ght
h=
3.
1 m
m
. Th
e
DR is ex
cited
in
th
e
fund
amen
tal HEM
11
δ
m
ode. The
di
m
e
nsions
of the cr
ossslots, the DR, a
n
d the
ground
pl
ane
det
e
rm
i
n
i
ng t
h
e a
n
t
e
n
n
a
pe
rf
orm
a
nce a
r
e l
a
bel
e
d i
n
Fi
gu
re
1.
(a)
(b
)
(c)
(d)
Fi
gu
re
1.
C
o
nfi
g
u
r
at
i
o
n
of t
h
e
ant
e
n
n
a:
(a
) T
o
p
vi
ew
o
f
rect
a
n
g
u
l
a
r
cr
oss
sl
ot
(
b
)
T
o
p
vi
e
w
of
d
o
g
b
o
n
e
cross
sl
ot
(c
)
T
o
p
vi
e
w
of h
o
u
r
gl
ass cross
sl
ot
(
d
) si
de vi
ew.
2.
1.
Sl
o
t
E
f
fec
t
C
h
ar
ac
teri
zati
on
The s
h
ape a
nd size of cross
slot m
a
y affect the
co
upl
i
n
g
bet
w
ee
n t
h
e sl
ot
an
d C
D
R
A
.
In
or
der t
o
efficiently couple the electromagnetic
energy from
aperture to CDR
A
, t
h
is
p
a
ram
e
ter
h
a
s op
tim
ized
.
Th
e slot
sho
u
l
d
be m
a
d
e
no
l
a
r
g
er t
h
a
n
i
s
re
q
u
i
r
e
d
f
o
r i
m
pedance
m
a
t
c
hi
ng.
Fo
r
m
a
xim
u
m
cou
p
l
i
n
g
,
t
h
e
DR
sho
u
l
d
be ce
ntere
d
over the
cross
slot.
A
th
i
n
r
ectangu
lar
cr
oss sl
o
t
g
i
v
e
s m
u
ch
stro
ng
er
co
up
ling. Th
e co
up
ling can
b
e
i
n
cr
eased
b
y
using
l
o
n
g
er
or
wi
de
r rect
an
g
u
l
a
r c
r
oss
sl
ot
. F
o
r a
sim
p
l
e
rect
angul
a
r
cr
oss sl
o
t
, t
h
e t
r
ans
v
e
r
s
e
el
ect
ri
c fi
el
d
m
u
st
v
a
n
i
sh
at t
h
e en
d of t
h
e ap
ert
u
re. By ad
d
i
n
g
a ellip
tical
slo
t
at th
e end
o
f
th
e
rectang
u
l
ar
ap
ert
u
re (Dog
b
o
n
e
-
sha
p
ed) the
field bec
o
m
e
s nearly unifo
rm
alon
g t
h
e a
p
e
r
t
u
r
e
and
he
nce t
h
e coupling inc
r
eases [11].
A bowtie
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ECE
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
7
0
8
Circu
l
a
r
ly Po
l
a
rized Cylin
d
r
i
c
a
l
Dielectric
Reson
a
t
o
r
An
t
e
n
n
a
with Differen
t
S
hap
es
…
(
Z
ahr
a R
a
hi
mi
a
n
)
97
6
or
but
t
e
r
f
l
y
sh
aped c
r
os
s sl
o
t
, al
so gi
ves
m
o
re coupl
i
n
g
and hi
gh
er re
son
a
nt
i
m
pedance as com
p
ar
ed t
h
e
rect
an
gul
a
r
cr
o
ss sl
ot
.
A
n
h
o
u
r
gl
ass
sha
p
e
d
c
r
oss
sl
ot
uses
t
h
e
feat
u
r
es
of
bot
h t
h
e
do
g
b
one
- a
n
d t
h
e
b
o
wt
i
e
-
sha
p
ed
cr
oss
sl
ot
s
wi
t
h
o
u
t
a
n
y
shar
p e
d
ges
and
he
nce
gi
ve
m
a
xim
u
m
coupl
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
wi
dt
h
of
t
h
e
rect
an
gul
a
r
cross sl
ot
(Fi
g
ure
1(a
)) i
s
W
s
= 0.5m
m
,
and t
h
e arm
s
l
e
ngt
hs are ch
ose
n
t
o
be L
1
= 5m
m
and L
2
= 7m
m
.
Fi
gu
re
1(
b) a
n
d 1
(
c) s
h
o
w
ot
her
pa
ra
m
e
t
e
rs of d
o
g
bo
ne a
nd
h
o
u
r
gl
ass cr
oss sl
ot
. The a
r
m
s
wi
dt
h of
h
o
u
r
gl
ass
cross
slot are
selected to be
W
1
= 1
.
2mm,
W
2
= 2.
2
m
m
,
and W
3
= 0.
5m
m
.
3.
R
E
SU
LTS AN
D ANA
LY
SIS
Anal
y
s
i
s
of cy
l
i
nd
ri
cal
DR
A
at
10
G
H
z
has
do
ne
by
t
a
ki
ng
rect
an
g
u
l
a
r,
d
o
g
b
o
n
e, a
n
d h
o
u
r
gl
ass o
f
cro
ss
slo
t
h
a
v
i
n
g
d
i
electric co
n
s
tan
t
10
.2
,
keep
ing
th
e sl
o
t
p
o
s
ition
sam
e
. Th
e sim
u
lated
ret
u
rn
lo
ss an
d
AR
bandwidth for these
three
ca
s
e
s are sh
o
w
n i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2.
As
i
t
can be f
o
un
d
out
f
r
o
m
Fi
gure 2
(
a)
, t
h
e si
m
u
l
a
t
e
d
dB
im
peda
nce ba
n
d
wi
dt
h
s
of
rect
an
g
u
l
a
r,
do
g
bo
ne a
n
d h
o
u
r
g
l
a
ss cr
oss sl
ot
CDRAs are 34
.14
%
(8
.5–
1
2
GH
z)
, 42
.42% (7
.8
–12
GH
z)
and
46
.1
5% (7
.5
–12
G
H
z
)
,
resp
ectiv
ely. Fi
g
u
r
e
2
(
b)
sh
ows th
e sim
u
lated
A
R
for all of t
h
e three case
s
in t
h
e boresight di
rection
(
0
º
)
.
The C
D
R
A
h
a
s 3
d
B
AR
ba
nd
wi
dt
hs
10
.8
% (8
.8
–
9.
8 GHz
),
1
3
.
6
%
(
9
.
6
–
1
1
G
H
z
),
a
n
d 2
2
% (8
.9
–1
1.
1
G
H
z)
, fo
rrect
a
n
g
u
l
a
r
,
d
o
g
bo
ne an
d ho
u
r
gl
ass
cr
os
s
sl
ot
respectively
.
W
i
t
h
re
fe
rence
to the
fig
u
re
,
m
a
xim
u
m
re
t
u
rn l
o
ss a
n
d 3
d
B
AR
ba
n
d
wi
d
t
h i
s
achi
e
ved
by
usi
n
g
ho
u
r
gl
ass o
f
cr
oss sl
ot
C
D
R
A
. O
n
l
y
10.
8
%
3dB
AR
ba
nd
wi
dt
h i
s
achi
e
ved w
h
e
n
w
e
use rect
an
gu
l
a
r shap
e
cro
ss sl
o
t
. Th
e si
m
u
lated
an
ten
n
a
g
a
in
s
for th
ese th
ree
ca
ses are sh
ow
n
in Figu
re 3
.
W
i
t
h
re
fere
nce
to the
fig
u
re, sim
ilar
results are
fo
u
nd
fo
r all of t
h
e thr
ee cas
es. It can be s
een the sim
u
lated antenna gai
n
varie
s
bet
w
ee
n
0dB
a
n
d
6
.
5
d
B
.
(a)
(b
)
Fi
gu
re
2.
Si
m
u
l
a
t
e
d R
e
t
u
r
n
L
o
ss a
n
d
Axi
a
l
r
a
t
i
oof
t
h
e C
P
C
D
R
A
wi
t
h
di
ffe
rent
s
h
a
p
e c
r
oss
sl
ot
(a)
R
e
t
u
r
n
Lo
ss, (b
) Ax
ial
ratio
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-87
08
IJECE Vol. 4, No. 6, D
ecem
ber 2014
:
974 – 978
9
77
Fi
gu
re
3.
Si
m
u
l
a
t
e
d gai
n
s
of
t
h
e C
P
C
D
R
A
wi
t
h
di
ffe
re
nt
s
h
ape
cr
oss
sl
ot
Fig
u
re
4
represen
ts th
e sim
u
la
ted
rad
i
atio
n pattern
s
fo
r thre
e cases at
9.3
GHz
,
10
.3 G
H
z
, and
10.
2
GH
zfor
xz
-pla
nes.
W
i
t
h
refe
rence
to t
h
is fi
gu
re,
the
LHCP
fields a
r
e stro
n
g
er
tha
n
RHCPs.
Fi
nal
l
y
, Tabl
e
1
sh
o
w
s a
c
o
m
p
ari
s
on
o
f
t
h
e di
ffe
rent
s
h
ape
cr
oss
sl
o
t
of
C
P
DR
A
an
d
ot
he
r
Pu
bl
i
s
he
d C
P
DR
A
res
u
l
t
s
i
n
t
e
rm
s of t
h
e -
10
dB
i
m
pedance ba
n
d
wi
dt
h
,
3
d
B
AR
ba
n
d
wi
dt
h, a
n
d
ga
i
n
. T
h
e
characte
r
istics of t
h
e
diffe
rent sha
p
e c
r
oss slot
ante
nnas can
be s
u
mmarized as follows: im
pedance
ban
d
w
i
d
t
h
,
3
d
B
axi
a
l
rat
i
o
b
a
nd
wi
dt
h a
n
d
ant
e
n
n
a
gai
n
i
s
im
pro
v
e
d
whe
n
ho
u
r
gl
ass
sh
ape c
r
os
s sl
ot
i
s
u
s
e
d
instead of the
antenna
with
rectangular a
n
d dog bone
sha
p
e cross slot.
It is becau
se that the hourglas
s
m
a
kes
t
h
e fi
el
d
s
on
t
h
e sl
ot
s m
o
re
uni
fo
rm
t
h
an t
h
e
ot
he
r cases
.
When
ho
ur
gl
a
ss cr
oss
sl
ot
i
s
use
d
,
t
h
e a
x
i
a
l
rat
i
o
bandwidth i
n
creases above
22% as co
m
p
ar
ed t
o
rect
a
n
g
u
l
a
r cr
oss sl
ot
,
whi
c
h gi
ves a ban
d
w
i
d
t
h
of
10
.8
%.
Al
so, c
o
m
p
are
d
wi
t
h
ot
he
r
C
P
DR
A
p
ubl
i
s
hed s
u
c
h
as
[9]
an
d [
1
0]
,
ou
r p
r
op
ose
d
ant
e
n
n
a ha
s a
bet
t
e
r
perform
a
nce, low-c
o
st and
sim
p
le structure.
(a)
(b
)
(c)
Fi
gu
re
4.
Si
m
u
l
a
t
e
d ra
di
at
i
on
pat
t
e
rns
(L
HC
P an
d R
H
C
P
)
of
t
h
e
di
f
f
ere
n
t
sha
p
e c
r
o
ss sl
ot
C
P
C
D
R
A
.
(a) R
ect
a
n
g
u
l
a
r cr
oss
sl
ot
at
9
.
3
GHz
, (
b
)
Do
g
bo
ne c
r
oss sl
ot
at
1
0
.
3
GHz
(c)
H
o
u
r
gl
ass c
r
oss
sl
ot
at
1
0
.
2
G
H
z
Tabl
e
1.
Per
f
o
r
m
a
nce o
f
Di
ffe
rent
Sha
p
e C
r
o
ss Sl
ot
o
f
C
P
DR
A a
s
C
o
m
p
ared
t
o
ot
he
r P
ubl
i
s
hed
C
P
D
R
A
T
h
is w
o
r
k
T
h
is w
o
r
k
T
h
is w
o
r
k
Re
f [9]
Re
f [10]
Rectangular
Cr
oss
slot
shape
Dog bone
Cross slot
shape
Hour
glass
Cross slot
shape
2014
2013
-
10dB im
pedance
bandwidth
34.
14%
42.
42%
46.
15%
24.
3%
100%
3dB AR bandwidt
h
10.
8%
13.
6%
22%
19.
8%
16%
Gain
4.
5 dB
5.
9 dB
6.
2 dB
2.
3 dBi
5 dB
R
H
CP
LHCP
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ECE
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
7
0
8
Circu
l
a
r
ly Po
l
a
rized Cylin
d
r
i
c
a
l
Dielectric
Reson
a
t
o
r
An
t
e
n
n
a
with Differen
t
S
hap
es
…
(
Z
ahr
a R
a
hi
mi
a
n
)
97
8
4.
CO
NCL
USI
O
N
Thi
s
pape
r
des
c
ri
bes t
h
e
resul
t
s fo
r ci
rc
ul
arl
y
pol
a
r
i
zed C
D
R
A
st
ruct
ure
wi
t
h
di
f
f
ere
n
t
geom
et
ry
o
n
t
h
e cross
-
sl
ot
s
.
An ape
r
t
u
re
-c
ou
pl
ed C
D
R
A
operat
i
n
g i
n
X-
ba
nd ha
s be
en pre
s
ent
e
d w
h
i
c
h i
s
dri
v
en
fr
om
a
single
feed and e
x
cited through a
rectangular,
dog bone
, and
hourgl
ass crosssl
ots.
It is found t
h
at the
max
i
m
u
m
retu
rn
loss and
3dB AR b
a
ndwid
th
is ach
iev
e
d
b
y
using
hou
rg
lass of
cross slo
t
CD
RA
. I
t
is
because that the hourglass m
a
kes the
fields
on t
h
e slots more
uni
form
th
an the
other cases.
When hourglass
cross sl
ot used, the axial ratio ba
ndwidt
h increase
d
as
com
p
ared to rectangular cr
oss s
l
ot
. B
y
adjust
i
ng t
h
e
len
g
t
h,
wid
t
h an
d po
sition
o
f
t
h
e
h
ourg
l
ass sh
ap
ed
cro
ss sl
ot, b
e
st an
tenn
a
p
e
rform
a
n
ce ob
tain
ed.
REFERE
NC
ES
[1]
Kishk, Ahmed A.,
and Ya
h
i
a
MM Antar,
"Diele
ctri
c Resona
tor
Antennas",
Antenna Engin
eering
Handbook
, John
L.
Volakis, 4
t
h
ed.
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 2007
) (2007).
[2]
Hem
n
Younesiraad, Moham
m
a
d Bem
a
ni, Saied Nikm
ehr,
“Sm
a
ll Multi-B
a
n
d
Rect
angul
ar
Dielectri
c
Reso
nator
Antennas for Per
s
onal Communication Devices
”
,
Intern
ation
a
l Jo
urnal of
El
ectr
i
c
a
l
and Computer
Engineering
,
vo
l.
4, no
. 1
,
2014
.
[3]
D.
Guha
,
A.
Banerjee
,
C.Kumar
,
and Y. Antar, "Higher Order Mode Exci
tation for High-GainBroadside Radiatio
n
From Cy
lindrical Dielectr
ic Reso
nator Antennas",
IEEE Trans. An
tennas Propagation,
vo
l. 60, no.
1, Jan
.
2012
.
[4]
B. Li and K. W. Leung
, "Strip-
F
ed
Rectangular
Dielectric Reso
nator Ante
nn
as With/Without
a Parasitic
Patch"
,
IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation,
vol. 53
, no
. 7
,
July
2005
.
[5]
Yong Mei Pan, Kwok
Wa Leung, and Kai
Lu
, "Omnidirection
a
l Lin
early
and
Circularly
Polar
i
zed Rectangular
Dielectric R
e
sonator Antennas",
I
EEE Trans. Antennas Propag.,
v
o
l. 60
, no
. 2
,
Feb
.
2012
[6]
Y. M. Pan and
K. W.
Leung, "Wideband Omnidirectiona
l Circu
l
arly
Polar
i
zed
Dielec
tric Resonator Antenna With
Pa
ra
sitic
Strips",
IEEE Trans. An
tennas Propagation,
vo
l. 60, no.
6, June. 2012
.
[7]
A. La
isne,
R.
Gillard
, and
G.
Piton, "Ci
r
cul
a
rl
y Polari
sed
Di
ele
c
tri
c
Reson
a
t
o
r Antenna
wit
h
Metal
l
i
c
Strip
"
,
Ele
c
tron.
Lett
.
, v
o
l. 38
, no
. 3
,
pp
.
106–107, Jan
.
2
002
[8]
LU Kai and
LEUNG Kwok
Wa,
"Wideband
Circularly
Polarized Hollow Diel
ectric Resonator Antenna With
a
Pa
ra
sitic
Strip",
2011 Cross Stra
it Quad-Reg
i
ona
l Radio S
c
ie
n
ce
and Wireless Technology Con
f
er
ence
, July
26-30
,
2011
[9]
Meng Zhang
,
B
i
n Li,
and Xin
Lv
, "Cross Slot Co
upled Wide
Dual-Band C
i
rcularly
Polari
zed
Rectangular
Dielectric
Resonator Anten
n
a",
I
EEE An
ten
na and Wireless
Propagation Letters
, vol. 13
, 201
4.
[10]
Rushikesh Dinkarrao Makn
ikar
and Veer
esh Gangappa Kasa
b
e
g
oudar, "Cir
cular
l
y
Polarized Cr
oss Slot Coupled
Stacked Die
l
ec
tric Resonato
r
Ante
nna for Wireless Ap
plications",
International Jou
r
nal of Wireless
Communications and Mobile Co
mputing
, 2013
; 1
(
2): 68-73
[11]
D. M. Pozar, S.
D. Targonski, "I
mproved Coupli
ng for Aperture
Coupled Microstrip Antennas",
E
l
ec
tr
onics
L
e
tt
er
s
,
20th June 1991
,
27, No. 13.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.