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[
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f
ea
t
u
r
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
in
FT
C
a
n
d
s
ig
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
co
m
b
i
n
at
io
n
w
it
h
d
if
f
er
en
t
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
o
p
en
cir
cu
it
f
ail
u
r
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
i
n
[
1
3
]
.
I
n
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
h
i
g
h
p
o
w
er
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
tr
o
l,
th
e
M
u
lti
lev
el
i
n
v
er
ter
u
s
es
a
s
a
n
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
alter
n
ati
v
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
d
u
e
to
its
less
b
lo
ck
i
n
g
v
o
ltag
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
o
f
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
p
o
w
e
r
d
ev
ices,T
HD
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
in
s
u
latio
n
[
1
4
]
.
P
o
w
e
r
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
i
s
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
w
ea
k
n
ess
d
ev
ice
s
i
n
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ia
l
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
1
5
]
.
P
MSM
s
f
au
lts
ca
n
b
e
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
t
w
o
m
ai
n
p
ar
ts
,
elec
tr
i
ca
l
f
au
l
ts
an
d
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
f
au
lts
.
Op
en
an
d
s
h
o
r
t
s
tato
r
w
i
n
d
in
g
s
h
o
r
t
tu
r
n
f
a
u
lt
s
ar
e
co
m
m
o
n
i
n
elec
tr
ical
p
a
r
t
an
d
i
t
i
s
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
t
h
e
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
s
tr
ess
e
s
ac
tin
g
o
n
t
h
e
s
tato
r
,
s
u
ch
a
s
th
er
m
al,
elec
tr
ical,
m
ec
h
an
ica
l,
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
s
tr
ess
es
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
o
f
m
u
lt
ip
h
ase
m
ac
h
in
e
s
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
s
p
ec
iall
y
f
i
v
e
-
p
h
ase,
o
f
f
er
s
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
to
r
ea
lize
s
i
n
u
s
o
id
al
i
n
p
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
a
n
d
u
n
it
y
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
o
f
m
u
l
tilev
el
in
v
er
ter
s
a
r
e
d
io
d
e
clam
p
ed
o
r
n
eu
tr
al
p
o
in
t
cla
m
p
ed
m
u
ltil
e
v
el
i
n
v
er
ter
,
DC
lin
k
v
o
lta
g
e
s
tab
le
ad
o
p
t
in
v
er
ter
o
n
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
e
m
u
ltil
e
v
el
in
v
e
r
ter
th
r
ee
-
lev
el
n
eu
tr
al
p
o
in
t
clam
p
ed
(
3
L
NP
C
)
ca
p
ac
ito
r
clam
p
ed
o
r
f
l
y
i
n
g
ca
p
ac
ito
r
m
u
lti
lev
el
in
v
er
ter
an
d
ca
s
ca
d
ed
H
-
b
r
i
d
g
e
m
u
ltil
ev
el
in
v
er
ter
[
1
8
]
.
Sen
s
o
r
less
v
ec
to
r
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
r
th
e
P
MSM
d
r
i
v
e
o
p
er
atin
g
at
lo
w
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
w
i
th
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ed
P
W
M
m
et
h
o
d
s
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
m
u
lti
lev
el
i
n
v
er
ter
w
it
h
d
is
cr
ete
w
av
ele
t
b
ased
f
a
u
lt
d
ia
g
n
o
s
is
i
s
ex
p
lai
n
ed
i
n
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
1
]
.
P
MSM
m
o
to
r
m
u
ltip
le
f
a
u
lts
I
d
en
ti
f
y
in
g
in
w
it
h
v
ec
to
r
co
n
tr
o
l
m
e
th
o
d
b
ased
o
n
th
e
w
av
e
let
a
n
d
co
m
p
le
x
w
a
v
elet
f
ea
t
u
r
e
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
s
u
s
ed
in
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
s
i
n
g
u
lar
v
al
u
e
v
ec
to
r
s
is
o
b
tain
ed
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
th
e
f
au
lt
y
i
n
v
er
t
er
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
in
g
o
f
d
is
cr
ete
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
w
a
v
elet
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
s
af
et
y
,
co
s
t
s
a
n
d
co
n
d
i
tio
n
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
i
s
t
h
e
m
ai
n
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
in
an
y
f
au
lt
d
iag
n
o
s
i
s
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
cu
r
r
en
t
to
p
o
lo
g
y
i
s
u
s
ed
to
d
iag
n
o
s
e
th
e
o
p
en
cir
cu
it
f
au
l
t
in
t
h
e
NP
C
th
r
ee
lev
els
co
n
v
er
ter
[
2
5
]
.
W
av
elet
p
ac
k
et
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
(
W
P
T
)
to
d
iag
n
o
s
e
a
f
au
lt
y
in
v
er
ter
,
s
lid
i
n
g
m
o
d
e
o
b
s
er
v
er
,
ex
p
er
t
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
a
n
d
ar
tific
ial
in
telli
g
en
ce
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
2
6
]
.
Dis
cr
ete
w
a
v
elet
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
(
DW
T
)
s
ec
o
n
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
u
s
ed
i
n
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
i
n
v
er
ter
cir
cu
it
a
n
d
s
ta
to
r
f
a
u
lt
d
iag
n
o
s
i
s
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
m
u
ltil
e
v
el
co
n
v
er
ter
s
o
f
f
er
s
a
w
id
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
FT
C
o
p
tio
n
s
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
i
n
h
er
en
t
r
ed
u
n
d
a
n
cies
an
d
m
o
d
u
lar
it
y
o
f
s
u
c
h
a
to
p
o
lo
g
y
[
2
8
]
.
T
h
e
m
ain
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
is
,
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
r
elia
b
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
P
MSM
clo
s
ed
l
o
o
p
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
,
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
n
e
w
FT
W
T
co
m
b
i
n
ed
w
it
h
v
ec
to
r
co
n
tr
o
l stra
teg
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
m
o
o
th
s
w
itc
h
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e.
T
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
t
h
is
p
ap
er
f
o
llo
w
s
:
P
MSM
m
o
to
r
m
ath
e
m
a
tical
m
o
d
el
in
Sectio
n
2
,
v
ec
to
r
co
n
tr
o
l
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
is
g
iv
e
n
i
n
Sectio
n
3
,
i
n
Sectio
n
4
,
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
o
f
t
h
e
SP
W
M
co
n
v
er
ter
is
o
b
tai
n
ed
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ig
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
es
i
s
g
i
v
e
n
in
Sectio
n
5
,
co
m
p
ar
ati
v
e
s
t
u
d
y
i
n
S
ec
tio
n
6
.
Fin
all
y
,
Sectio
n
7
g
i
v
es a
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
s
ab
o
u
t th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
2.
P
M
S
M
M
O
T
O
R
M
AT
H
E
M
AT
I
C
AL
M
O
DE
L
I
n
ter
est
in
M
u
lti
-
p
h
a
s
e
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
es
g
et
a
h
i
g
h
l
y
i
n
ter
est
d
u
r
in
g
last
d
ec
ad
e.
P
MSM
ar
e
b
ec
o
m
i
n
g
attr
ac
tiv
e
i
n
m
an
y
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
ap
p
licatio
n
s
d
u
e
to
t
h
eir
s
m
o
o
th
o
u
tp
u
t
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e,
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
h
i
g
h
er
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
,
lo
w
er
to
r
q
u
e
p
u
ls
atio
n
s
at
h
i
g
h
er
f
r
eq
u
en
cie
s
an
d
p
o
w
er
d
en
s
it
y
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
ica
l
d
r
iv
es c
an
b
e
s
h
o
w
n
as i
n
t
h
e
Fig
u
r
e
1.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Ma
in
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
f
elec
tr
ical
d
r
iv
es
I
n
t
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
f
i
v
e
-
p
h
ase
P
MSM
m
ac
h
i
n
e,
t
h
e
s
tato
r
w
i
n
d
in
g
s
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
w
y
e
to
an
in
ter
n
al
n
eu
tr
al
p
o
in
t.
T
h
e
f
iv
e
-
p
h
a
s
e
m
ac
h
i
n
e
h
as
a
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
b
ac
k
E
MF
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
an
d
r
o
u
n
d
r
o
to
r
.
Ma
th
e
m
atica
l
m
o
d
el
o
f
P
MSM
d
escr
ib
e
in
th
is
p
ap
er
is
b
as
ed
o
n
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
[
2
9
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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a.
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co
r
e
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atu
r
atio
n
an
d
b.
T
h
e
w
in
d
i
n
g
leak
a
g
e
i
n
d
u
cta
n
ce
ca
n
b
e
ig
n
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ed
c.
P
u
r
e
s
in
e
w
a
v
e
in
air
g
ap
a
n
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th
e
h
i
g
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er
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
ca
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b
e
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g
li
g
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le.
T
h
e
s
tato
r
v
o
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eq
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n
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e
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itte
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as;
(
1
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T
h
e
air
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ap
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k
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(
2
)
(
3
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L
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m
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th
e
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in
d
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m
atr
i
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e
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lu
x
l
in
k
a
g
e
m
atr
ix
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s
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r
r
esis
tan
c
e
m
atr
ix
,
cu
r
r
en
t
m
atr
ix
,
f
l
u
x
li
n
k
ag
e
s
m
atr
i
x
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
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T
h
e
s
tato
r
cu
r
r
en
ts
ar
e:
(
4
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T
h
e
s
elf
an
d
m
u
t
u
al
i
n
d
u
cta
n
c
es
ar
e
ass
u
m
ed
to
h
a
v
e
s
a
m
e
v
alu
e
f
o
r
all
t
h
e
p
h
ase
s
as i
n
(
5
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.
(
4
)
T
h
e
s
elf
an
d
m
u
t
u
al
i
n
d
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n
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v
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s
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m
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v
alu
e
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o
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all
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h
e
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ase
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n
(
5
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.
(
5
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T
h
e
p
h
ase
v
ar
iab
les
o
f
t
h
e
P
MSM
m
o
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r
ar
e
tr
an
s
f
o
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m
ed
in
to
a
r
ef
er
en
ce
f
r
a
m
e.
T
h
is
j
u
s
t
s
i
m
p
l
if
y
th
e
P
MSM
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
m
atr
i
x
f
o
r
th
i
s
s
y
s
te
m
is
g
i
v
en
b
y
th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
m
at
r
ix
[
1
4
]
.
(
6
)
B
y
ap
p
l
y
in
g
t
h
i
s
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
to
th
e
s
tato
r
v
o
lta
g
es
an
d
f
l
u
x
p
r
ese
n
ted
i
n
(
1
)
an
d
(
2
)
an
d
tak
i
n
g
th
e
v
al
u
e
s
o
f
(
θs=
0
&
α
=2
π/5
)
in
th
is
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
th
e
f
o
ll
o
w
i
n
g
eq
u
atio
n
s
ar
e
o
b
tain
ed
:
(
7
)
(
8
)
(
9
)
(
1
0
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
3
6
9
7
–
3
7
1
0
3700
Su
b
s
ti
tu
t
in
g
t
h
e
v
al
u
es
f
r
o
m
E
q
u
atio
n
s
(7
)
-
(
1
0
)
,
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
m
atr
i
x
is
o
b
tai
n
ed
:
(
1
1
)
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t to
r
q
u
e
T
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
:
(
12
)
(
1
3
)
Si
m
u
li
n
k
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
P
MSM
ele
ctr
ical
p
ar
t c
an
b
e
s
h
o
w
n
as in
Fig
u
r
e
2.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
E
lectr
ical
p
ar
t o
f
th
e
P
MSM
T
h
e
m
ec
h
an
ica
l
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
PMSM
ca
n
b
e
d
r
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
t
o
r
q
u
e
T
e
w
h
ich
is
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
s
tato
r
f
l
u
x
e
s
an
d
cu
r
r
en
ts
.
A
s
i
n
t
h
e
elec
tr
ical
p
ar
t
,
th
e
m
ec
h
an
ical
p
ar
t o
f
th
e
P
MSM
ca
n
b
e
s
h
o
w
n
as i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Me
ch
an
ical
p
ar
t o
f
t
h
e
P
MSM
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
ng
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
C
o
mp
u
ter S
imu
la
tio
n
o
f P
MS
M Mo
to
r
w
i
th
F
ive
P
h
a
s
e
I
n
ve
r
ter C
o
n
tr
o
l u
s
in
g
S
ig
n
a
l
… (
K
h
a
la
f S
.
Ga
eid
)
3701
T
h
e
p
lo
y
n
i
m
ail
f
au
lt
y
a
n
d
h
e
alth
y
m
o
d
es
o
f
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
ar
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
b
y
I
d
en
ti
f
icatio
n
Ma
tlab
to
o
lb
o
x
.
3.
VE
C
T
O
R
CO
NT
RO
L
T
E
C
H
NIQ
U
E
Vec
to
r
co
n
tr
o
l
in
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
ar
e
v
er
y
p
o
p
u
lar
.
T
h
e
b
asic
p
r
in
cip
les
o
f
v
ec
to
r
co
n
tr
o
l,
w
it
h
t
h
e
h
elp
o
f
t
h
e
p
h
aso
r
d
iag
r
a
m
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
[
3
0
]
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
c
o
n
tr
o
l
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
to
r
q
u
e
o
f
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e
s
,
th
e
v
ec
to
r
co
n
tr
o
l
is
o
lates
lin
ea
r
an
d
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
P
MSM
f
l
u
x
a
n
d
to
r
q
u
e
u
n
d
i
v
id
au
l
y
a
n
d
o
p
er
ates
as
a
s
ep
ar
atel
y
e
x
cited
DC
m
ac
h
in
e.
T
h
e
t
h
r
ee
p
h
a
s
e
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
cu
r
r
e
n
t
ar
e
co
n
v
er
ted
to
t
wo
p
h
ase
w
ir
e
d
an
d
q
ax
is
.
S
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
izatio
n
w
it
h
t
h
e
d
-
q
f
r
a
m
e
r
o
tatin
g
r
o
to
r
m
a
g
n
et
ic
f
l
u
x
v
ec
to
r
s
[
3
1
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Statio
n
ar
y
r
e
f
er
en
ce
o
f
v
ec
to
r
co
n
tr
o
l
T
h
is
m
a
k
i
n
g
P
MSM
to
w
o
r
k
as
a
h
i
g
h
-
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
d
u
r
in
g
all
t
h
e
o
p
er
atin
g
ar
ea
.
T
h
e
Si
m
u
li
n
k
u
n
it
o
f
v
ec
to
r
co
n
tr
o
l to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
c
o
n
tr
o
l g
ates
f
o
r
th
e
f
iv
e
p
h
a
s
e
in
v
er
ter
ca
n
b
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
5
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Vec
to
r
co
n
tr
o
l si
m
u
l
in
k
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
T
h
e
d
ec
o
u
p
led
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
to
r
q
u
e
an
d
f
lu
x
,
t
h
e
h
ig
h
er
ef
f
ic
ien
c
y
f
o
r
ea
ch
o
p
er
atio
n
p
o
in
t
in
a
w
id
e
s
p
ee
d
r
an
g
e,
an
d
th
e
b
etter
d
y
n
a
m
ic
b
eh
av
io
r
ar
e
th
e
m
ai
n
a
d
v
an
ta
g
es o
f
t
h
e
v
ec
to
r
co
n
tr
o
l.
4.
SPWM
I
NVERT
E
R
T
h
e
th
r
ee
-
p
h
a
s
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
s
in
e
w
a
v
e
P
W
M
is
ea
s
ier
in
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tat
io
n
co
m
p
ar
e
to
an
y
o
t
h
er
to
p
o
lo
g
y
[
3
5
]
,
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
a
lo
w
er
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
h
ea
t
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
p
er
io
d
o
f
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
,
co
n
s
u
m
es
le
s
s
p
o
w
er
an
d
o
p
er
ate
w
it
h
h
ig
h
er
f
r
eq
u
en
ci
es.
I
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
f
iv
e
p
h
ase
te
n
s
w
i
tch
in
v
er
ter
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
i
n
f
i
v
e
p
h
a
s
e
v
o
lta
g
e
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
er
ter
(
VSI
)
[
3
2
]
.
Ma
n
y
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
es
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
in
v
esti
g
a
tin
g
V
SI
an
d
C
SI
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
f
a
u
lt
s
i
n
v
er
ter
s
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
a
n
d
r
ed
u
ce
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
is
v
er
y
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
in
v
er
ter
s
.
I
n
m
u
ltil
e
v
el
in
v
er
ter
s
,
th
e
co
s
t,
s
ize,
co
m
p
lex
it
y
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l
s
c
h
e
m
e
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
ar
e
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
e
v
ices
n
ee
d
ed
[
3
3
]
.
Mu
ltil
ev
el
in
v
er
t
er
s
w
it
h
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
w
itc
h
es
n
ee
d
ed
f
o
r
ea
ch
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
ati
o
n
ca
n
b
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
1
.
Ta
b
le
1
.
Mu
ltil
ev
el
I
n
v
er
ter
s
w
it
h
t
h
e
N
u
m
b
er
Nee
d
ed
c
a
sc
a
d
e
d
F
l
y
i
n
g
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
D
i
o
d
e
c
l
a
mp
(N
-
1
)
*
2
(N
-
1
)
*
2
(N
-
1
)
*
2
M
a
i
n
sw
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
d
e
v
i
c
e
s
(N
-
1
)
*
2
(N
-
1
)
*
2
(N
-
1
)
*
2
M
a
i
n
d
i
o
d
e
s
0
0
(N
-
1
)
*
(
N
-
2)
C
l
a
mp
i
n
g
d
i
o
d
e
s
(N
-
1
)
/
2
(N
-
1)
(N
-
1)
D
C
b
u
s
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
s
0
[
(
N
-
1)
*
(
N
-
2
)
]
/
2
0
B
a
l
a
n
c
i
n
g
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
3
6
9
7
–
3
7
1
0
3702
T
h
e
Sp
ac
e
Vec
to
r
P
u
ls
e
W
id
th
Mo
d
u
latio
n
(
SVP
W
M)
m
ak
es
t
h
e
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
es
m
o
r
e
r
eliab
le
in
ter
m
s
o
f
s
y
s
te
m
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
g
e
n
er
ates
les
s
T
o
tal
Har
m
o
n
ic
Dis
to
r
tio
n
(
T
HD)
in
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
s
an
d
cu
r
r
en
ts
,
w
h
ich
p
r
o
v
id
es
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ic
ien
t
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
DC
s
u
p
p
l
y
v
o
ltag
e
(
9
0
.
7
%)
in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
to
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
P
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
es
[
3
4
]
.
T
h
o
u
g
h
it
h
as
h
ig
h
er
u
tili
za
tio
n
an
d
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
,
th
e
ap
p
l
icatio
n
o
f
SVP
W
M
is
li
m
ited
in
f
i
v
e
-
p
h
ase
s
y
s
t
e
m
,
as
it
n
ee
d
s
to
co
n
tr
o
l
3
2
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
s
tate
s
.
T
h
e
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
p
u
ls
e
w
id
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
SP
W
M)
an
d
its
co
n
tr
o
l c
ir
cu
it s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
6.
Fig
u
r
e
6.
SP
W
M
in
v
er
ter
co
m
p
lete
cir
cu
it
I
n
[
3
6
]
,
[
3
7
]
,
th
e
e
f
f
icien
c
y
o
f
SP
W
M
w
as
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
an
d
es
ti
m
ated
to
p
r
o
v
e
a
lo
w
er
DC
li
n
k
v
o
ltag
e
u
tili
za
t
io
n
.
I
n
th
i
s
s
tu
d
y
,
a
f
i
v
e
p
h
a
s
e
P
MSM
m
o
to
r
i
s
b
ei
n
g
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
ex
te
n
d
t
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
r
an
g
e
o
f
SP
W
M
f
o
r
a
f
iv
e
-
p
h
ase
i
n
v
er
ter
an
d
m
ain
tain
a
s
u
f
f
icie
n
t o
u
tp
u
t r
esp
o
n
s
e
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
o
f
f
a
u
lt
s
.
5.
SI
G
NA
L
P
RO
CE
S
SI
N
G
T
E
CH
NIQU
E
S
Sig
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
a
n
d
in
telli
g
en
t
s
y
s
te
m
s
h
av
e
g
ain
ed
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
in
m
an
y
tas
k
s
,
s
u
ch
as
f
a
u
l
t
lo
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
esti
m
atio
n
,
lo
a
d
esti
m
atio
n
s
,
r
ea
cti
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
co
m
p
en
s
a
tio
n
,
t
h
e
r
is
k
o
f
b
lack
o
u
t
s
.
HV
DC
s
y
s
te
m
s
f
o
r
m
a
n
y
ap
p
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3
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.
(
1
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:
(
1
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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[
3
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CO
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u
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1
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