Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of Ele
ctrical
an
d
Co
mput
er
En
gin
eeri
ng
(IJ
E
C
E)
Vo
l.
11
,
No.
1
,
Febr
uar
y
2021
, pp.
434
~
441
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijece
.
v
11
i
1
.
pp
434
-
441
434
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
ece.i
aesc
or
e.c
om
Featur
es of
g
enetic
a
lgori
t
hm
fo
r
p
lain
t
ext
e
nc
ry
pti
on
Riyadh
Bassil
Ab
d
uljabb
ar
,
Oday
Kam
il
Ha
mi
d
,
Na
z
ar
Jabbar
Alh
yani
Depa
rt
m
ent
o
f
C
om
pute
r
Techni
ques
Engi
n
ee
r
in
g,
Dij
la
h
Univer
sit
y
Coll
ege,
Ir
a
q
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
A
pr
24
, 20
20
Re
vised
Jun
15
,
20
20
Accepte
d
Aug
5
, 2
0
20
T
he
data
comm
unic
at
ion
has
bee
n
growing
in
pre
sent
day
.
Th
ere
fo
re
,
the
da
ta
enc
r
y
p
t
ion
becam
e
ver
y
essenti
a
l
in
se
cur
ed
d
at
a
tra
ns
m
ission
and
storage
and
prot
ec
t
ing
data
contents
from
int
rud
er
and
un
aut
hor
i
ze
d
p
ersons
.
In
thi
s
pape
r
,
a
fast
technique
for
te
xt
enc
r
ypti
on
dep
endi
ng
on
gene
t
i
c
al
gorit
hm
is
pre
sente
d.
Th
e
enc
r
y
pt
ion
appr
oa
ch
is
ac
hie
ved
b
y
the
geneti
c
oper
at
ors
Cross
over
and
m
uta
tion.
The
en
cr
y
ption
proposal
te
ch
nique
base
d
on
divi
ding
the
pla
in
te
xt
chara
c
te
rs
in
to
pa
irs,
and
apply
i
ng
th
e
cro
ss
ove
r
oper
ation
bet
w
ee
n
the
m
,
follow
ed
b
y
the
m
uta
ti
on
oper
a
t
ion
to
get
the
en
cr
y
pte
d
text.
Th
e
expe
r
imental
result
s
show
tha
t
the
propo
sal
provides
an
importan
t
im
prove
m
ent
in
en
cr
y
p
ti
on
rate
wit
h
compara
t
ive
l
y
high
-
spee
d
proc
essing
.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Cros
s
over
Gen
et
ic
al
gorithm
Muta
ti
on
Plai
n
t
ext
Text
e
ncr
ypti
on
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
B
Y
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Ri
ya
dh
Ba
ssil
Abd
ulj
a
bb
a
r
,
Dep
a
rtm
ent o
f C
om
pu
te
r
E
ng
i
neer
i
ng Tec
hn
i
qu
e
s,
Dijl
ah
Univer
sit
y
Co
llege
,
Ba
ghda
d
, Ira
q
.
Em
a
il
:
riy
adh
.
bassil@
du
c
.edu.iq
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Crypto
gr
a
phy
fiel
d
has
bee
n
at
tract
ed
a
lot
of
con
c
er
n
especial
ly
in
netw
ork
secu
r
it
y.
In
te
rn
et
popula
rity
an
d
it
s
us
a
ge
i
ncr
ease
s
due
an
d
to
t
he
expo
nen
ti
al
in
crease
in
t
he
secu
rity
nee
ds
f
or
the
transacti
on
s
ine
-
com
m
erce
fiel
d
[1]
.
I
n
add
it
io
n
to
ris
ks
w
hich
in
vo
l
ved
reg
a
rd
i
ng
the
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
of
r
aw
data
via
the
I
nter
net.
Hi
gh
an
d
im
po
rt
ance
gain
c
ould
be
prov
i
ded
by
data
i
nteg
rity
,
non
-
re
pudi
at
ion
,
confide
ntial
it
y,
and
aut
hen
ti
c
it
y
wh
ic
h
bec
om
e
m
or
e
i
m
portant
c
om
po
nen
t
in
the
se
cur
it
y
of
inf
or
m
at
ion
[2,
3]
.
The
be
st
so
luti
on
f
or
kee
ping
sa
fe
data
t
ran
s
f
er
is
the
us
e
of
cry
ptogra
ph
y
as
a
te
c
hn
i
que
for
e
ncr
ypti
ng
and
dec
rypti
ng
m
essages
so
a
ny
body
c
an
no
t
inte
rpr
et
it
,
on
ly
the
m
essage
sen
der
a
nd
the
receive
r
ca
n.
Co
ns
e
quentl
y,
data
encr
y
ption
has
bec
ome
an
inevita
ble
and
inte
gr
al
pa
rt
of
a
ny
ap
pl
ic
at
ion
in
e
-
c
omm
erc
e
[4
-
6]
.
T
her
e
fore,
it
is
very
i
m
po
rtant
t
o
encr
y
pt
data
us
in
g
a
r
obus
t
an
d
fa
st
enc
r
ypti
on
al
gorithm
in
or
de
r
to
m
ake
su
re
of
secret
transm
issi
on
and
data
de
li
ve
ry
to
protect
i
t
fr
om
any
intruder
.
In
ge
ner
al
,
the
co
ncep
t
of
en
crypti
on
te
ch
ni
qu
e
s
is
c
onvert
ing
the
plain
te
xt
to
ci
ph
e
r
t
ext
be
f
or
e
st
orage
or
transm
issi
on
[7
-
10]
.
T
he
G
eneti
c
al
gorith
m
pr
op
e
rtie
s
(m
utati
on
,
cr
osso
ver
an
d
se
le
ct
ion
)
ha
ve
bee
n
exp
l
oited
by
m
any
researc
he
rs
f
or
data
en
crypti
on
op
ti
m
iz
ing
a
nd
sear
chin
g
pro
blem
s
thr
ough
ge
ne
rati
ng
ty
pical
so
luti
ons
[11,
12]
.
T
his
pap
e
r
i
ntr
oduces
ne
w
m
et
hod
for
data
enc
ryptio
n
ba
sed
on
the
Ge
netic
al
gorithm
op
e
rators
(C
ro
s
sover
a
nd
m
utatio
n)
with
a
va
ryi
ng
c
r
os
s
over
an
d
m
utatio
n
points
of
ind
e
xs
betwee
n
c
har
a
ct
er p
ai
r
s.
The
outl
ine
of
this
pa
per
is
orde
re
d:
S
e
ct
ion
1
fo
c
ou
sed
on
the
w
ork
rev
ie
w.
T
he
s
uggeste
d
te
chn
iq
ue
is
de
scribe
d
in
se
ct
ion
2
.
T
he
exp
e
rim
ental
r
esults
and
e
nc
ryptio
n
analy
sis
are
hig
hli
gh
t
in
sect
ion
3
.
Fina
ll
y,
con
cl
us
io
n
is
sho
wed
in
sect
ion
4
.
I
n
C
rypto
gr
a
ph
y,
m
any
researc
he
s
ha
ve
bee
n
done
to
enh
a
nce
the
ge
netic
al
gorithm
.
Jh
in
gran
a
nd
Vikas
[13]
pre
sented
Stu
dies
on
c
rypt
ograph
y
te
chn
iq
ues
usi
ng
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Feature
s
of g
e
netic
a
lg
or
it
hm
for plai
n
te
xt
e
ncry
ption (
Riy
adh Bassil
A
bd
uljabb
ar
)
435
gen
et
ic
al
gorit
hm
.
In
wh
ic
h,
crypto
grap
hy
syst
e
m
is
pro
po
se
d
by
util
iz
ed
thege
netic
al
go
rit
hm
and
public
key.
In
2014
,
Si
ndhu
j
a
a
nd
P
ram
ela
[
14,
15]
intr
oduce
d
a
sym
m
et
ric
key
f
or
m
essage
enc
r
ypti
on
and
decr
y
ptio
n.
The
le
ngt
h
of
secret
ke
y
is
con
cern
e
d
with
num
ber
po
i
nt
of
both
cr
os
s
ov
e
r
and
m
uta
ti
on
pr
oce
ssing.
Sr
ika
nth
a
nd
Noha
pro
po
sed
m
utati
on
and
cr
os
s
ov
er
o
per
at
io
ns
of
ge
netic
al
gorithm
wit
h
ps
e
udor
a
ndom
functi
on
for
da
ta
encr
ypti
on
[16]
.
To
inc
re
ase
the
rob
us
tness
of
the
se
cret
key,
Naze
er
an
d
Ghulam
o,
su
ggest
s
ge
netic
al
gorithm
with
rando
m
nu
m
ber
gen
e
rato
r
to
introd
uce
a
secret
key.
T
he
ra
w
data
is
diffus
e
d
by
cr
os
s
ov
e
r
an
d
m
utati
o
n.
Finall
y
,
the
diffuse
d
data
and
key
are
unde
rgoin
g
to
log
ic
al
op
e
rati
ons
[17]
.
I
n
2019,
Alsa
dig
a
nd
Ma
ndour
[
18
]
ha
ve
propose
d
a
te
xt
e
ncr
y
ption
us
i
ng
gen
et
ic
al
gor
it
h
m
.
The
sec
ret
key
is
gen
e
rated
by
exp
loit
the
c
ro
ss
over
a
nd
m
uta
ti
on
.
T
he
n,
the
pe
rm
uta
ti
on
fact
or
ge
ne
rated
rand
om
l
y. Sub
seq
uen
tl
y, the
secret key a
nd
the p
e
rm
utati
on
factor are
appli
ed
to
the
p
la
in text.
Sh
a
fiul
an
d
Sabir
al
s
o
pr
opos
e
d
ge
neti
c
al
go
rit
hm
c
om
bin
ed
with
fitness
f
unct
ion
f
or
te
xt
encr
y
ption,
in
wh
ic
h
the
cr
ossove
r
a
nd
m
utati
on
op
e
rati
on
s
are
c
om
bin
ed
with
a
ra
ndom
fu
nction
ge
ner
at
or
for
best
key
gen
e
rati
on
[
19]
.
Af
ig
ha
an
d
So
fia
[
20
]
sugg
e
ste
d
secu
ri
ty
i
m
pr
ov
em
e
nt
to
rando
m
ness
of
secur
it
y
key
un
exp
ect
e
d
ba
sed
on
c
r
os
sove
r
a
nd
m
utati
on
fe
at
ur
es o
f
ge
netic
al
go
rithm
.
The
res
ults
sho
w
tha
t
the g
e
ne
rated
s
ecret key i
s m
ost
r
an
dom
ness
and un
pr
e
dicta
ble b
y t
he
i
ntruder.
In
orde
r
t
o
prot
ect
and
sec
ur
e
d
data
in
cl
oud
com
pu
ti
ng,
A
m
it
ha
and
T.R
su
ggest
e
d
al
go
rithm
cal
le
d
DS
L
A,
i
n
wh
i
ch
a
pri
vate
ke
y
is
us
e
d
to
in
vestigat
e
the
use
r
r
el
ia
bili
ty
[21]
.
The
I
OT
(
In
te
r
net
o
f
Thi
ng)
is
a
de
vice
use
f
ul
f
or
com
m
un
ic
at
e
an
d
e
xc
hange
i
nfor
m
at
ion
betwee
n
com
pu
te
rize
schem
es.
Rube
sh
a
nd
kiryba
na
nd
pr
e
sented
a pro
po
sal
to
increase the secu
rity
level between
I
O
T an
d
cl
ie
nts b
y i
ntegr
at
e the p
ubli
c
key, asym
m
e
tric
an
d sy
m
m
etr
ic
crypt
ogra
phy sy
stem
[22]
.
In
2020,
Ne
da
l.and
As
hr
a
f,
i
ntr
oduce
d
a
c
om
bin
e
cha
otic
m
ap
with
R
SA
al
go
rithm
to
im
pr
ov
e
secur
it
y
le
vel
of
RS
A
key.
T
he
res
ults
s
how
that
the
sec
ur
it
y
le
vel
of
new
a
ppr
oac
h
is
enh
a
nce
d
c
om
par
ed
with
RA
S
publ
ic
key
sta
ndal
on
e
an
d
re
du
c
ed
the
com
pu
t
at
ion
al
pr
ocess
ing
ti
m
e
[23]
.
The
m
ai
n
secu
rity
of
WSN
est
ablis
hed
on
key
di
stribu
ti
on
bet
ween
no
des.
J
yothi
an
d
Nagarai
de
fines
a
ne
w
m
et
ho
d
for
key
distrib
ution
wi
thin
WSN
bas
ed
on
EC
C.
T
he
pr
opos
al
re
sh
uffli
ng
t
he
ECC
public
ke
y
by
util
iz
ed
Arno
l
d
m
ap.
The
resul
t
sh
ow
t
hat
the
sug
gestio
n
can
be
a
ppli
ed
on
po
or
rec
ourse
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
syst
e
m
[24]
.
Seve
ral
ci
ph
e
r
s
hav
e
been
de
velo
ped
t
o
te
xt
encr
ypti
on.
O
day
and
nazar
in
2019,
descr
i
bed
ci
phe
r
al
gorithm
for
te
xt
enc
ryption.
The
e
nc
ryptio
n
i
m
plem
ents
Pascal
m
at
rix
and
in
ver
se
Pa
scal
m
at
rix
pr
ef
or
m
ed
fo
r
decr
y
ption p
rocessi
ng
[
25]
.
2.
RESEA
R
CH MET
HO
D
The
pro
posed
al
gorithm
is
div
i
ded
int
o
two
m
ai
n
proces
ses,
t
he
enc
ryptio
n
process
an
d
the
dec
ryptio
n
pr
ocess
ea
ch
one
dep
e
nd
s
on
ge
netic
op
e
rato
rs
to
i
m
ple
m
ent
t
he
enc
ryptio
n
an
d
decr
y
ptionwit
h t
he
ai
d o
f
c
ha
r
act
er p
ai
rs
te
ch
nique.
2.1
.
Encr
yp
ti
on
proce
ss
As
s
how
n
in
F
igure
1,
e
ncr
y
ption
proce
ss
can
be
cha
ract
erized
sta
rti
ng
from
read
ing
the
plain
te
xt
m
essage,
co
nverti
ng
the
te
xt
char
act
e
rs
into
bin
ary
f
or
m
a
fter
ta
king
it
s
equ
i
valent
U
nicod
e
value
s.
Th
e
first
gen
e
rati
on
is
pro
duced
wh
e
n
cro
ss
over
op
e
r
at
ion
is
i
m
plem
ented
betwee
n
the
bi
nar
y
pa
irs
(cross
ov
e
r
ind
ex
(1)
is use
d
for
t
he
first p
ai
r
(1)
f
or
t
he
sec
ond
pair
(
3)
f
or
the
thir
d
pair
ti
ll
(
8)
f
or
the
ei
gh
t
h
pair
a
nd
the
cro
ss
ov
e
r
is
restart
ed
to
(
1)
f
or
t
he
nin
et
h
pair
an
d
s
o
on.
M
utati
on
point
i
s
ap
plied
t
o
th
e
res
ulted
ge
ne
rati
on
(m
utati
on
ind
e
x
(1)
is
us
e
d
f
or
the
fir
st
pai
r
(1)
for
t
he
sec
ond
pair
(
3)
f
or
the
thir
d
pair
ti
ll
(8
)
f
or
t
he
ei
gh
t
h
pair
a
nd
the
c
r
os
s
ov
e
r
is
rest
arted
to
(
1)
f
or
the
ni
neth
pair
an
d
s
o
on.
Ci
phere
d
te
xt
is
pr
oduce
d
afte
r
ge
tt
ing
the
equ
i
valen
t
char
act
e
rs
accor
ding
to
AS
C
II
ta
ble.
T
he
m
et
hodo
l
og
y
of
the
encr
y
ption
process
is
il
lustrate
d
in
F
ig
ure
1.
2.2
.
Decr
ypti
on
proce
ss
The
decr
y
ptio
n
m
et
ho
d
is
sh
ow
n
in
Fig
ur
e
2,
a
nd
de
scribe
d
as
f
ollow
s
,
a
t
the
r
ecei
ver
part
the
receive
r
will
receive
the
e
ncr
y
pted
te
xt
t
hat
co
ns
ist
s
of
two
par
ts
t
he
fi
rst
pa
rt
is
(P
a
r
ent1
)
an
d
th
e
s
econd
par
t
is
(P
a
re
nt2
)
.
Bot
h
(P
a
re
nt1)
a
nd
(
Pare
nt2)
c
har
act
er
s
are
c
onve
rted
to
it
s
e
quival
entuinc
odev
al
ue
san
d
then
to
their
e
qu
i
valent
bi
na
ry
form
of
byte
le
ng
th
.
Muta
ti
o
n
operati
on
is
i
m
ple
m
ented
on
(P
a
re
nt1
)
a
nd
(P
are
nt2)
(m
utati
on
in
dex
(1)
is
us
ed
for
the
first
pair
(1)
f
or
the
sec
ond
pa
ir
(3)
f
or
t
he
thir
d
pair
ti
ll
(8)
f
or
the
ei
ghth
pair
an
d
th
e
cr
os
s
over
is
re
sta
r
te
d
to
(
1)
f
or
the
ni
neth
pair
an
d
s
o
on
the
res
ult
i
s
(C
hild1
&
Chil
d2).
Cr
os
s
ov
e
r
ope
rati
on
is
doneb
et
we
enthe
(Child
1)
and
(Child
2)
(cross
ov
e
r
in
de
x
(
1)
is
us
e
d
f
or
the
fir
st
pair
(
1)
f
or
the
sec
ond
pair
(
3)
f
or
the
t
hird
pa
ir
ti
ll
(8
)
f
or
the
ei
ghth
pai
r
an
d
the
cr
os
s
over
i
s
restarted
to
(1)
fo
r
t
he
nin
e
t
h
pair
an
d
so
on
to
get
the
or
i
gi
nalplai
n
te
xt.
The
m
et
ho
do
l
og
y
of
the
de
c
ryptio
n
process
is il
lus
trat
ed
in
F
ig
ur
e 2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
11
, No
.
1,
Febr
uar
y
2021
:
434
-
441
436
Figure
1. Flo
w
ch
a
rt of the
e
nc
ryptio
n proce
ss
Figure
2
.
Flo
w
ch
a
rt of the
de
crypti
on
p
r
oce
ss
3.
RESU
LT
S
A
ND
DI
SCUS
S
ION
S
All
the
exp
e
r
m
ints
hav
e
be
en
pref
or
m
ed
in
MATL
AB
ver
si
on
10
an
d
achi
vied
on
In
te
l
cor
e
i
5
process
or (2.
4) GHz a
nd RA
M (8)
GB
.
3.1
.
Encr
yp
ti
ng
a
n
Eng
li
sh
text mes
sage
The pr
oposa
l
e
ncr
y
ption str
uc
ture
as
s
how
n
i
n
Fi
gure
3
a
nd
def
i
ned
as
fo
ll
ow
s:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Feature
s
of g
e
netic
a
lg
or
it
hm
for plai
n
te
xt
e
ncry
ption (
Riy
adh Bassil
A
bd
uljabb
ar
)
437
At
first
t
he
E
ngli
sh
plain
te
xt
m
essage
to
be
enc
rypted
us
i
ng
the
pro
pose
d
te
chn
i
qu
e
is
re
ad
by
us
i
ng
(text
read)
Ma
tl
ab
instru
ct
io
n.
The
plain
te
xtthate
nter
d
to
the
pro
gr
am
is
"Ver
y
secret
m
essage"
so
the
plain
te
xt
m
essage
con
ta
in
s
(
19)
char
act
e
rs.
T
he
encr
y
ption
proces
s
f
or
t
he
plain
te
xt
m
essage
is
il
lustra
te
d
in
the b
el
ow step
s:
1: Read
the
pla
in text m
essag
e that i
s sa
ve
d i
n
a
(.
txt)
f
il
e.
2: Cal
culat
e th
e leng
t
h of t
he plai
n
te
xt
(
L=
19)
3: Init
ia
li
ze char
act
er
pair
i
ndex (i=
1)
4:
M
utati
on
point =
1; Cr
os
s
ov
e
r
po
i
nt=1
5: If i=L t
hen input
(Ch
L
&
Ch
1
)
Else
in
put (
Ch
i
& C
h
i+1
)
6: G
et
the
unic
odef
or each
cha
racter.
7: Co
nvert th
e
un
ic
od
e
valu
esi
nto
it
s e
quivale
nt b
i
nar
y
form
o
f
(8
-
bit) len
gt
h
8: Do s
i
ngle
po
int Cro
ssove
r o
per
at
io
n of i
nd
ex (i)
betwee
nt
he p
ai
rs o
f
in
de
xs
(i& i+1
)
9: Mutat
e the
re
su
lt
(
C
hild1(i)
)
&
(
C
hild2(i))
u
si
ng Mutat
io
n po
i
nt in
dex (i
)
10
:
Get the
(
c
ha
r)
of the
Muta
ti
on
op
e
rati
on
resu
lt
11
: C
i
ph
e
red c
har
act
er
of i
ndex (i) is
pro
du
c
ed
12
:
I
ncr
em
ent the
var
ia
ble (
i)
by one
(i=i
+1)
13
:
If
(i>
19)
T
hen Ci
phere
d
t
ext is c
om
pleted
Else
(Cr
os
s
over
po
i
nt= Cr
ossove
r
po
i
nt+1
);
Muta
ti
on
point
= Mutat
io
n
P
oi
nt+1
14
:
If Cr
os
s
over
po
i
nt& Mut
at
ion
po
i
nt>
8 The
n
(C
rosso
ve
rpoint =
1; Mu
ta
ti
on
point =
1)
15
:
Chec
k If i
=19The
n
i
nput
the c
har
act
e
rs pair
of in
dex
e
s
of (1
9&1)
h
e
nc
e (Ch
19
,
Ch
1
)
DoSteps
(
6
-
14)
Else D
o St
eps
(6
-
15)
The
res
ult
is
the
e
nc
rypted
t
ext
wh
ic
h
is
“
dp
}
x3Q
%
ٍ
dvd%
}G3
ل
fg
R”
is
se
nt
al
on
g
wi
th
(Child
2).
The
res
ult
w
hich
is
“
Wgv
!`G#
م
sg
0h
uQ3
ٍ
`ea”
afte
r
r
unning
t
he
Ma
tl
ab
pro
gr
a
m
are
il
lustrate
d
in
t
he
F
ig
ure
3
.
Figure
3
.
P
r
ogr
a
m
r
un r
e
su
lt
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
11
, No
.
1,
Febr
uar
y
2021
:
434
-
441
438
3.2.
Decry
pt
in
g an
Eng
li
sh
te
xt
messa
ge
The decry
ptio
n st
eps
a
nd the
re
su
lt
s ar
e
su
m
m
arized in
F
ig
ur
e
4
,
a
nd
dem
on
st
rated
a
s
f
ol
lows
:
At
the
receiv
er
e
nd
the
re
cei
ver
will
re
cei
ve
the
enc
rypted
te
xt
“d
p}
x3Q%
ٍ
dvd%
}G3
ل
fgr”
wh
i
ch
i
s
consi
der
e
d
as
(
Pare
nt1
)
al
ong
with
“
Wgv!`G#
م
sg0
huQ3
ٍ
`e
A”which
is
c
onside
red
as
(P
a
ren
t
2)
this
e
ncry
pted
te
xt
m
essage
is
read
by u
sin
g
(text
rea
d)
Ma
tl
abinstr
uctio
n.
The
enc
ryptio
n
process
f
or
t
he
plain
te
xt
m
e
ssage
is i
ll
us
trat
ed
in
t
he belo
w
ste
ps:
1: Read
thee
nc
rypted
plain te
xt
m
essage (.txt)
f
il
e.
2: Cal
culat
e th
e p
la
in te
xt len
gth
(L=
38), w
hi
ch
is e
qu
al
t
o ((
Re
ci
ve
d
te
xt
le
ng
th
)/2
)
=
(
38/2
)
=
19
4: Init
ia
li
ze char
act
er
pair
i
ndex (i=
0)
5: Init
ia
li
ze the Cro
s
sover
poin
t (Cr
os
sove
rpo
in
t=
1)
3: Init
ia
li
ze M
utati
on
point
(
Muta
ti
on
point
=1)
7: In
pu
t t
he
c
ha
racters
pair
(
P
aren
t
1(
i)
, P
a
re
nt2(i))
8: G
et
the
unic
odef
or each
cha
racter.
9: Co
nvert th
e
un
ic
od
e
v
al
ues
into
it
s e
quiva
le
nt b
ina
ry fo
r
m
o
f
(8
-
bit) len
gth
10
:
D
o
m
utati
on
op
e
rati
on
o
f
i
nd
e
x (i)
betwe
en (Pare
nt1 (i)
& Pa
ren
t
2(
i)
).
11
:
The
Mutat
ion o
pe
rati
on r
e
su
lt
is (C
hild1(
i) &Child
2(i
))
12
:
D
o
si
ng
le
point Cr
os
s
over
op
e
rati
on
of
i
ndex
(
i)
b
et
wee
n (Chil
d1(i)
&
Chil
d2(i))
13
:
Plai
n
te
xtchar
act
er
of i
ndex (i) is
pro
du
c
ed
14
:
I
ncr
em
ent
the
var
ia
ble (
i)
by one
(i=i
+1)
15
:
If (i>
19)
T
hen Plai
n
te
xt i
s co
m
plete
d
El
se
(Cr
ossove
r p
oin
t=
C
ro
ss
over
point+
1)
; M
utati
on
point=
Muta
ti
on
po
i
nt+1
)
16
: C
rosso
ve
r po
i
nt= Cr
os
s
over
point+
1; M
utati
on
point=
Muta
ti
on
point
+1
17
:
If Cr
os
s
over
po
i
nt& Mut
at
ion
po
i
nt>
8 The
n
(C
rosso
ve
rpoint =
1; Mu
ta
ti
on
point=
1)
18
:
D
oS
te
ps (
7
-
18)
Figure
4
.
P
r
ogr
a
m
r
un r
e
su
lt
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Feature
s
of g
e
netic
a
lg
or
it
hm
for plai
n
te
xt
e
ncry
ption (
Riy
adh Bassil
A
bd
uljabb
ar
)
439
3.
3
.
Exec
ut
io
n
time
Gen
e
rall
y,
the
sta
nd
a
rd
ci
ph
e
r
AES,
DE
S
a
nd
RS
A
are
m
or
e
sc
ur
e
.
O
n
the
oth
e
r
ha
nd
,
have
high
com
pu
ti
on
al
c
os
t
to
ver
y
la
r
ge
da
ta
file
s
e
ncr
y
ption
[
26
]
.
In
t
his
ap
proa
ch,
t
he
com
pu
t
ion
ti
m
e
analysis
has
been
pe
rfor
m
ed
f
or
fi
ve
di
ffer
ent
data
file
siz
e
as
sho
wn
in
T
able
1.
From
Table
1
a
nd
F
i
gure
5
it
can
be
sh
ow
n
that
t
he
res
ults
of
the
proposal
outpe
rfor
m
ed
the
RA
S
a
nd
DES
i
n
the
e
xecu
ti
on
ti
m
e
te
rm
.
Und
oubtedly, t
he
c
om
pu
ti
on
a
l cost
propo
rtio
nal in
ver
se
w
it
h fil
e size
.
Table
1.
C
om
par
iso
n betwee
n t
he pr
opos
e
d work a
nd o
t
her tradit
io
nal
e
nc
ryptio
n
al
gorit
hm
s
Data E
n
c
ry
p
tio
n
St
an
d
ard
RSA Alg
o
rith
m
Text Pair
Gen
etic
(Pr
o
p
o
sed
W
o
rk)
Text Size
(
Kilo
b
y
t
e)
2
.55
3
sec
5
.63
7
3
sec
1
.63
6
sec
1
0
KB
6
.86
5
sec
1
1
.27
4
sec
5
.98
0
sec
2
0
KB
1
1
.65
2
sec
1
6
.91
2
sec
9
.17
5
sec
3
0
KB
1
5
.17
5
sec
2
2
.54
9
sec
1
3
.36
1
sec
4
0
KB
1
9
.71
9
sec
2
8
.18
6
sec
1
6
.55
7
sec
5
0
KB
Figure
5
.
Enc
r
ypti
on
ti
m
e o
f t
he
ap
pro
ac
h, [
RSA] an
d [DE
S]
a
lgorit
hm
s
3.
4
.
Thro
ug
h
p
ut
The
cal
culat
io
n
of
T
hro
ughp
ut
is
pref
or
m
ed
by
div
i
ding
the
s
um
of
the
input
file
s
siz
e
s
to
the
ti
m
e
consum
ed
by
the
e
ncr
ypti
on
proces
s
as
il
lustrate
d
in
(
1).
T
he
c
om
par
ison
re
su
lt
s
bet
ween
G
A,
D
E
S
an
d
RSA
is
show
n
in
T
able
s
2
a
nd
3.
A
s
sho
wn
in
pr
e
viou
s
ta
bles,
the
GA
ac
hieve
d
reasona
ble
thr
oughput
com
par
ed
with
DES
an
d
RSA
.
Th
r
o
ug
hput
(K
il
obyt
e/
Second
)
=
SU
M.
(
Inp
ut
te
xt
file
siz
e
)
/SUM
.
(
Enc
ryptio
n
e
xe
cution
ti
m
e
)
Table
2.
C
om
par
iso
n of
e
nc
ryption t
hro
ughp
ut of t
he pr
opose
d wor
k
[
G
A] an
d DES
, RS
A
al
go
rithm
s
Encry
p
tio
n
Algo
rit
h
m
File Size
(KB)
Encry
p
tio
n
T
h
rou
g
h
p
u
t
(KB/Sec.
)
Prop
o
sed
work
[
GA]
2
2
5
KB
4
.02
2
9
DES
[
6
]
2
2
5
KB
3
.30
1
1
RSA [
6
]
2
2
5
KB
2
.66
0
8
Tabl
e
3.
C
om
par
iso
n of
e
nc
ryption t
hro
ughp
ut of t
he pr
opose
d wor
k
[
G
A] an
d DES
, RS
A
al
go
rithm
s
Text File
Size
(Kilob
y
te)
1
0
0
KB
Alg
o
rith
m
Thro
u
g
h
p
u
t
(Kilob
y
te/Seco
n
d
)
1
0
0
KB
RSA
1
.22
8
Secon
d
s
1
0
0
KB
Data E
n
c
ry
p
tio
n
St
an
d
ard
1
.96
3
Secon
d
s
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
T
e
x
t
S
i
z
e
(
K
i
l
o
b
y
t
e
)
E
x
e
c
u
t
i
o
n
Ti
m
e
(
S
e
c
o
n
d
)
D
a
t
a
E
n
c
r
y
p
t
i
o
n
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
R
S
A
A
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
G
e
n
e
t
i
c
(
T
e
x
t
P
a
i
r
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
11
, No
.
1,
Febr
uar
y
2021
:
434
-
441
440
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
In
this
pa
per
,
encr
y
ption
ap
proac
h
for
ci
pherin
g
Ar
a
bic
t
ext
usi
ng
gen
e
ti
c
al
go
rithm
operat
or
s
ha
s
been
propose
d.
This
appro
ac
h
is
Si
m
ple
and
easy
to
i
m
p
leme
nt
in
cryptog
ra
phic
syst
e
m
becau
se
it
depends
on
t
wo
basic
operati
ons
the
c
ro
ss
over
a
nd
m
utati
on
.
I
n
this
pro
po
sal
,
Ge
ne
ti
c
op
erat
or
al
gorithm
s,
encr
y
ptio
n
and
dec
ryptio
n
processes
a
re
achieve
d
in
ac
ceptable
sec
ur
i
ty
le
vel
in
bo
t
h
tra
ns
m
issi
on
and
receivi
ng
end,
du
e
to
t
he
use
of
cr
os
s
over
an
d
m
utati
on
operati
ons
in
w
hich
bina
ry
an
d
decim
al
conve
rsions
i
nc
rease
the
stre
ng
t
h
of encr
y
ption
a
pp
ro
ac
h.
On
ot
he
r
ha
nd,
the
co
m
pu
ta
ti
on
al
tim
e
of
this
a
ppr
oach
is relat
ive
ly
hig
h
com
par
ed
with
oth
e
r
tra
diti
on
al
crypto
gr
a
ph
y
schem
s
li
ke
DES
an
d
RS
A
al
gorithm
s.
N
um
ero
us
e
xpa
ns
io
ns
of
t
he
sug
gestion
c
ould
be
pr
oj
ect
e
d
in
t
he
up
c
om
ing
tim
e
li
ke
enh
a
nci
ng
the
sec
ur
it
y
le
vel
of
enc
rypt
ion
by
us
in
g
c
ha
otic l
og
ist
ic
m
ap.
Se
condly
,
im
plem
ent it
f
or m
ultim
edia encr
yp
ti
on
.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
C.
S.
Ch
eri
an
a
nd
Rasm
i
P.
S.
,
“
Gene
ti
c
Algor
ithm
and
Random
num
ber
Gene
r
a
ti
on
for
S
y
m
m
etric
Enc
r
y
pt
ion,
”
Inte
rnational
Jo
urnal
of
N
ew
Inn
ovat
ions
in
Eng
i
nee
ring a
nd
Tec
hnology
,
vol
.
10
,
no.
2,
pp.
1
-
5,
2
019.
[2]
A.
Kum
ar
and
K
.
Cha
tt
er
je
e
,
“
An
eff
i
ci
en
t
stre
a
m
ci
pher
using
gene
t
ic
al
gori
th
m
,
”
in
I
n
te
rnati
onal
Confe
ren
ce
on
Wirel
ess
Comm
unic
ati
ons
,
Signa
l
Proce
ss
ing
and
Net
working
,
pp
.
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-
2326,
201
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[3]
Raga
van
M.
an
d
K.
Prabu,
“
D
y
nami
c
Ke
y
g
e
ner
ation
for
Cry
ptogr
aphic
P
roc
ess
using
Gene
tic
Algorit
hm
,
”
Inte
rnational
Jo
urnal
of
Comput
er
Scienc
e
and
I
nformation
Se
cu
rity
(
IJCSI
S)
,
vo
l.
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no
.
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,
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46
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B.
Mara
m
,
et
al.
,
“
Inte
ll
ig
ent
sec
urity
al
gor
it
hm
for
UN
ICOD
E
da
ta
privac
y
and
se
cur
ity
in
IOT
,”
S
erv
ice
O
riente
d
C
omputing
and
A
ppli
ca
ti
ons
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P.
A.
N
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Agbed
e
m
nab,
et
al.
,
“
A
Novel
Te
x
t
En
cr
y
pt
ion
and
D
ec
r
y
pt
io
n
Scheme
u
sing
the
Gen
et
i
c
Algorit
hm
and
Residua
l
Num
be
rs,
”
in
K.
Nj
enga (e
d),
Proc
ee
d
in
gs of
4th
Inte
rna
ti
onal
Conf
ere
nc
e
on
the
In
te
rnet
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Cybe
r Se
curity
and
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m
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vo
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-
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H.
M.
Mous
a,
“
Bat
-
Gene
ti
c
En
c
r
y
pt
ion
T
ec
hn
iq
ue,
”
Int
ernati
on
al
Journal
o
f
Int
el
li
g
ent
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ms
and
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i
cat
ion
s
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1
-
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H.
N.
Hus
sain
and
W
.
N.
Hussei
n
,
“
Im
ple
m
ent
at
i
on
of
S
y
m
m
et
ric
Enc
r
y
pti
on
Alg
orit
hm
s,
”
Computer
Engi
ne
erin
g
and
Intelli
g
ent S
yste
ms
,
vol
.
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,
n
o.
4
,
pp
.
13
-
18
,
2017.
[8]
K.
K.
Mand
al,
et
al
.
,
“
Appl
y
in
g
Enc
r
y
p
ti
on
A
lgori
thm
on
Text
Steg
an
ogra
ph
y
B
ase
d
on
Num
ber
S
y
stem,
”
in
Computati
ona
l
Ad
vanc
em
ent
i
n
Comm
unic
ati
o
n
Circui
ts
and
S
yste
ms
,
pp
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255
-
266
,
2020
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[9]
O.
K.
Ham
id,
“
Arabi
c
Te
x
t
Encr
y
pt
ion
Us
ing
A
rti
fi
ci
a
l
Neura
l
Networks,
”
Enginee
ring
and
Tec
hnology
Journal
,
vol.
34
,
no
.
5
,
pp
.
887
-
899
,
2016
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[10]
K.
Alla
,
e
t
al.
,
“
A
Novel
Enc
r
y
pti
on
Us
ing
Gene
tic
Algorit
hm
s
and
Quantum
Com
puti
ng
with
Roule
tte
W
heel
Algorit
hm
for
S
ec
re
t
Ke
y
G
ene
r
at
ion
,
”
in
ICT
A
naly
sis and Appl
ic
ati
ons
,
pp
.
263
-
271
,
2020
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[11]
J.
Rodr
ig
uez,
et
al
.
,
“
Gene
tic
Opera
tors
Ap
plied
t
o
Sy
m
m
et
ri
c
Cry
ptogr
aph
y
,
”
Int
ernati
onal
Jou
rn
al
of
Inte
rac
ti
v
e
Mult
imedi
a
&
A
rtif
icial
Intelli
g
e
nce
,
vol
.
5
,
no
.
7
,
pp
.
39
-
49
,
201
9.
[12]
M.
Kraj
c
ovi
c
,
et
al.
,
“
Para
m
e
te
r
setting
for
a
genetic
al
gor
it
hm
lay
out
pl
anne
r
as
a
tol
l
of
sus
ta
ina
bl
e
m
anuf
ac
turi
ng
,
”
Sustainabi
lity
,
v
ol.
11
,
no
.
7
,
201
9.
[13]
R.
Jhingran
,
et
al.
,
“
A
stud
y
on
cr
y
pto
gr
aph
y
using
gen
et
i
c
al
gori
thm,
”
In
t
ernati
onal
Journal
of
Comput
e
r
Appl
ic
a
ti
ons
,
vo
l.
118
,
no
.
20
,
pp
.
10
-
14
,
2
0
15
.
[14]
S.
Mishra
and
S.
Bal
i
,
“
Public
ke
y
cr
y
p
tograph
y
using
g
enetic
al
gor
i
thm,
”
Inte
rnational
Jo
urnal
of
R
ec
e
n
t
Technol
ogy
and
Engi
ne
ering
,
vol
.
2
,
no
.
2
,
pp
.
15
0
-
154,
2013
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[15]
Sindhuja
K.
and
Pram
el
a
D
.
S.
,
“
A
sy
m
m
et
ric
k
e
y
en
cr
y
pt
ion
tec
hnique
using
gene
t
ic
al
gor
it
hm
,
”
I
nte
rnat
iona
l
journal
of
comp
ute
r sci
ence
and
inf
orm
ati
on
t
ec
h
nologi
es
,
vol
.
5
,
no.
1
,
pp
.
414
-
4
16,
2014
.
[16]
P.
Srikant
h,
e
t
al.
,
“
Enc
r
y
pt
ion
a
nd
Dec
r
y
p
ti
on
U
sing
Gene
ti
c
Al
gorit
hm
Oper
at
i
ons
and
Ps
eudor
andom
Num
ber
,
”
IJCSN
-
Inte
rnat
i
onal
Journal
of
Computer
Scien
ce
and
Ne
twork
,
vol.
6
,
no
.
3
,
pp
.
455
-
459,
2017
.
[17]
M.
I.
Na
zeer,
e
t
al.
,
“
Im
pli
ca
t
i
on
of
Gene
ti
c
Algorit
hm
in
C
r
y
ptogr
aph
y
to
Enha
nc
e
Secur
ity
,
”
In
t
ernati
ona
l
J
ournal
of
Ad
v
a
nce
d
Comput
er
Sci
en
ce and
App
l
ic
at
ions
,
vo
l. 9,
no.
6
,
pp
.
375
-
37
9,
2018
.
[18]
A
.
M.
Abdallah
and
M.
M.
Ibr
ah
im
,
“
Te
xt
En
cr
ypti
on
Us
ing
Gen
et
i
c
Algorit
hm
,
”
IJCSN
-
Int
ernati
onal
Journal
of
Computer
Scien
ce
and
Ne
twork
,
vol.
8
,
no
.
1
,
pp
.
36
-
39,
2019
.
[19]
Alam
M.
S.,
et
a
l.
,
“
An
improved
fit
ness
fun
ct
ion
for
aut
om
ated
c
r
y
pt
anal
y
sis
usin
g
genetic
al
gor
ithm
,”
Indone
sian
Journal
of
Elec
t
rical
Engi
ne
erin
g
and
Computer
Sci
en
ce
(
IJE
ECS
)
,
vol.
13
,
no
.
2
,
pp.
643
-
648
,
20
19.
[20]
A.
Z.
Z
aka
ri
a
,
“
Enha
nc
ing
th
e
R
andomness
of
Sy
m
m
et
r
ic
Ke
y
u
sing
Gene
tic
Al
gorit
hm
,
”
In
te
rn
ati
onal
Journal
of
Innov
ative
Te
ch
nology
and
E
xplor
ing
Engi
n
ee
ri
ng
(
IJI
TEE)
,
vol
.
8
,
no
.
8S,
pp.
3
27
-
330,
2019
.
[21]
K.
Anitha
and
T
.
G.
N
ai
r,
“
Data
storage
loc
k
a
l
gorit
hm
with
cr
y
ptogr
aphic
t
ec
h
nique
s,
”
Int
ernati
onal
Journal
o
f
El
e
ct
rica
l
and
C
omputer
Engi
n
e
ering
(
IJE
CE)
, v
ol.
9
,
no
.
5
,
p
p
.
3
843
-
3849
,
2019
.
[22]
R.
Bhanda
r
i
and Kirubana
nd
V. B.
,
“
Enha
n
ce
d
e
ncr
y
p
ti
on
t
ec
hn
i
que
for
sec
ure
io
t
dat
a tra
nsm
ission,
”
Int
ernati
on
al
Journal
of
Elec
t
rical
and
Computer
Eng
ine
ering
(
IJE
CE)
,
vol. 9,
no.
5
,
p
p
.
3732
-
3738
,
2019
.
[23]
N.
Ta
ha
t,
e
t
al.
,
“
A
new
R
SA
pu
bli
c
ke
y
enc
r
y
pt
i
on
sche
m
e
with
cha
ot
ic
m
aps
,
”
I
nte
rnational
Jou
rnal
of
El
e
ct
rica
l
and
Computer
E
ngine
ering
(
IJECE)
,
vol. 10,
no.
2,
pp.
1430
-
143
7,
2020
.
[24]
J
y
othi
R
.
and
N.
G.
Choll
i,
“
An
eff
ic
i
ent
ap
proa
ch
for
se
cu
red
comm
unic
at
ion
in
wir
e
le
ss
sensor
net
works
,
”
Inte
r
nati
onal
Jo
urnal
of El
e
ct
ri
c
al
and
Comput
er
Engi
n
ee
ring
(
IJE
CE)
,
vol
.
10
,
n
o.
2
,
pp
.
1641
-
1
647
,
2020
.
[25]
O.
K.
Ri
y
a
dh
,
et
al.
,
“
Fast
and
r
obust
appr
oa
ch
for
data
sec
ur
ity
in
comm
unic
ati
on
cha
nn
el
usin
g
pasc
a
l
m
at
rix
,
”
Indone
sian
Jour
nal
of
Elec
tric
al
Engi
ne
ering
and
Computer
Sc
ie
n
ce
(
IJEECS)
,
vol
.
19
,
no
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
48
-
256
,
2020
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Feature
s
of g
e
netic
a
lg
or
it
hm
for plai
n
te
xt
e
ncry
ption (
Riy
adh Bassil
A
bd
uljabb
ar
)
441
[26]
N.
Al
-
Ha
y
ani,
et
al
.
,
“
Sim
ult
ane
o
us
vide
o
compre
ss
ion
and
enc
r
y
p
ti
on
for
re
a
l
-
t
ime
sec
ure
tra
nsm
ission,
”
2013
8th
Inte
rnational
Sy
mpos
ium
on
Image
and
S
ign
al
Pr
oce
ss
ing
and
An
aly
sis,
pp
.
240
-
2
45,
2013
.
BIOGR
AP
H
I
ES
OF
A
UTH
ORS
Riy
adh
Bass
il
Ab
d
uljab
bar
rec
ei
v
ed
his
Bsc
.
Eng.
and
M.D.
Eng.
in
Com
pute
r
and
Con
trol
Engi
ne
eri
ng
fro
m
Univer
sit
y
of
Baghda
d
Ira
q
i
n
2000
and
2003
respe
ctivelt.
C
urre
ntly
,
he
is
a
senior
l
ec
tur
er
i
n
the
Facult
y
of
Com
pute
r
Engi
n
ee
ring
Techni
qu
es
at
Dijlah
Uni
ver
sit
y
Col
le
g
e
Ira
q
(DU
C).
His re
sea
rch
intere
st
s inc
lude
Da
ta
S
ec
uri
t
y
,
Network
ing,
Cluod
Se
cur
ity
,
Com
pute
r
Archi
tectur
e
.
Oday
Kami
l
Hami
d
recei
v
e
d
his
Bsc.
in
El
e
ct
r
ic
a
l
En
gine
er
ing
and
M.D.
Eng
in
Com
m
unic
at
ion
Engi
ne
eri
ng
fro
m
Univer
sit
y
of
Te
chno
log
y
Ira
q
in
2000
and
200
3
respe
ctive
l
y
.
Curre
ntly
,
he
is
a
senior
l
ec
tur
er
in
the
Facu
lty
of
Com
pute
r
En
gine
er
ing
Techn
ique
s
at
Dij
la
h
Univer
si
t
y
Co
ll
e
ge
Ira
q
(DU
C).
His
rese
arc
h
int
ere
st
,
comm
unic
ation,
sec
uri
t
y
,
digi
ta
l
signal
proc
essing,
sp
eech
re
cogni
t
ion, n
eur
al ne
twork
.
Na
z
ar
Jabb
ar
Alhy
ani
recei
v
e
d
his
PhD
of
Scie
nce
in
Elec
tron
ic
Eng
ine
er
ing
f
rom
Univer
sit
y
of
Bucki
ngh
am
-
UK
in
2015.
Cu
rre
ntly
,
he
is a
u
nive
rsit
y
st
aff
at
Dijl
ah
Univ
ersity
Co
ll
eg
e
Ir
aq
(DU
C).
His
rese
arc
h
intere
sts
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