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s
m
al
ler
.
T
h
is
o
f
co
u
r
s
e
is
v
er
y
d
etr
i
m
e
n
tal,
g
iv
e
n
t
h
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
g
r
ea
ter
n
et
w
o
r
k
ca
p
ac
it
y
m
o
r
e
is
n
ee
d
ed
to
b
e
ab
le
t
o
en
j
o
y
v
ar
io
u
s
s
er
v
ices
p
r
o
v
id
ed
in
th
e
m
o
b
ile
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
-
b
ased
b
r
o
ad
b
an
d
.
Fo
r
th
at,
w
e
n
ee
d
a
n
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
m
et
h
o
d
to
m
in
i
m
ize
i
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
o
n
ce
lls
w
it
h
o
u
t r
ed
u
ci
n
g
th
e
ce
ll c
ap
ac
it
y
.
2
.
SO
F
T
F
RE
Q
U
E
NCY
R
E
US
E
(
SFR)
AND
P
RO
B
L
E
M
ST
AT
E
M
E
NT
I
n
ce
llu
lar
s
y
s
te
m
,
s
o
f
t
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
eu
s
e
(
SF
R
)
h
a
s
b
ec
o
m
e
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
en
ab
ler
s
esp
ec
iall
y
i
n
3
G
an
d
4
G
L
T
E
ce
llu
lar
s
y
s
te
m
[
2
]
-
[
7
]
.
I
n
3
GPP
L
T
E
s
y
s
te
m
,
to
ac
h
i
ev
e
h
i
g
h
d
ata
-
r
ate
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
,
it
h
a
s
b
ee
n
ex
te
n
s
i
v
el
y
e
x
p
lo
r
ed
u
n
d
er
th
e
s
u
b
j
ec
t o
f
in
ter
ce
ll
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
(
I
C
I
C
)
.
I
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
,
s
i
m
u
latio
n
d
esi
g
n
o
f
L
T
E
-
A
n
et
w
o
r
k
is
d
ev
elo
p
ed
to
s
tu
d
y
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
SF
R
u
s
in
g
p
o
w
er
d
iv
i
s
io
n
m
e
th
o
d
.
As
we
m
a
y
k
n
o
w
t
h
at
i
n
SF
R
,
f
o
r
ea
ch
ce
ll
t
h
er
e
h
a
s
b
ee
n
a
li
m
itatio
n
f
o
r
a
p
o
w
er
d
en
s
it
y
u
p
p
er
li
m
it
(
P
DL
)
cu
r
v
e
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
ac
tu
al
p
o
w
er
d
en
s
it
y
o
f
th
e
tr
a
n
s
m
itted
s
i
g
n
a
l
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
lo
w
er
th
a
n
th
e
P
DL
.
I
n
t
h
is
co
n
ce
p
t,
th
e
w
h
o
le
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
is
d
i
v
id
ed
i
n
to
th
r
ee
p
ar
ts
,
n
a
m
el
y
f
1
,
f
2
,
an
d
f
3
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
I
n
ea
ch
ce
ll,
o
n
e
p
ar
t,
ca
lled
p
r
im
ar
y
b
an
d
,
is
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ed
to
h
av
e
a
h
ig
h
er
P
DL
t
h
an
t
h
e
o
th
er
t
w
o
,
ca
lled
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
b
a
n
d
s
.
SF
R
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
p
lan
n
i
n
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
as
an
I
n
ter
-
C
ell
I
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
C
o
o
r
d
in
atio
n
(
I
C
I
C
)
in
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
m
o
b
ile
ce
l
lu
lar
s
y
s
te
m
.
SF
R
w
a
s
i
n
itial
l
y
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
t
h
e
GSM
s
y
s
te
m
,
a
n
d
later
is
ad
o
p
ted
in
to
t
h
e
3
GP
P
L
T
E
w
i
th
th
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
f
o
r
cu
s
to
m
er
s
w
h
o
ar
e
o
n
th
e
b
o
r
d
e
r
o
f
th
e
ce
ll.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
SF
R
s
c
h
e
m
e
th
at
is
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
s
ev
e
n
ce
lls
.
T
h
e
b
asic
id
ea
o
f
th
e
s
ch
e
m
e
i
s
to
i
m
p
le
m
en
t
t
h
e
SF
R
w
it
h
r
eu
s
e
f
ac
to
r
eq
u
als
1
(
FR
1
)
f
o
r
th
e
ce
ll
-
ce
n
ter
u
s
er
s
(
C
C
U)
an
d
r
eu
s
e
f
ac
to
r
eq
u
als
3
(
FR
3
)
f
o
r
ce
ll
-
ed
g
e
u
s
er
s
(
C
E
U)
[
9
]
.
On
e
-
th
ir
d
o
f
th
e
e
n
tire
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
o
r
w
e
ll k
n
o
w
n
as a
m
aj
o
r
s
eg
m
e
n
t c
a
n
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
C
E
U,
th
r
o
u
g
h
w
h
i
ch
p
ac
k
et
s
ar
e
s
e
n
t
w
it
h
g
r
ea
t
er
p
o
w
er
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
q
u
alif
y
f
o
r
C
E
U
FR
3
,
m
aj
o
r
s
eg
m
e
n
t
m
u
s
t
b
e
m
u
tu
al
l
y
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
w
it
h
th
e
C
E
U
o
n
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
in
g
ce
lls
.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
t
h
e
C
C
U
ca
n
ac
ce
s
s
th
e
en
tire
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
,
w
i
th
lo
wer
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
p
o
w
er
,
as
s
u
m
i
n
g
a
to
tal
p
o
w
er
eq
u
al
to
th
e
FR
1
is
tr
a
n
s
m
itte
d
f
o
r
th
e
SF
R
p
o
w
er
,
an
d
th
a
t
p
o
w
er
is
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
ev
en
l
y
ac
r
o
s
s
p
h
y
s
ical
r
eso
u
r
ce
b
lo
ck
(
P
R
B
)
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
in
FR
1
,
p
o
w
er
p
er
P
R
B
is
N
P
P
T
o
t
a
l
/
,
w
h
er
e
P
Total
is
th
e
to
tal
tr
an
s
m
itted
p
o
w
er
an
d
N
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
to
tal
P
R
B
av
ailab
le
in
t
h
e
ce
ll.
I
n
SF
R
,
i
f
p
o
w
er
p
er
P
R
B
is
d
ef
in
ed
as
t
h
e
P
CEU
,
t
h
en
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
p
er
P
R
B
in
th
e
m
id
d
le
o
f
th
e
ce
ll
(
P
C
C
U)
is
α
P
CEU
,
w
h
er
e
α
is
d
ef
in
ed
as
th
e
p
o
w
er
r
atio
b
etw
e
en
th
e
t
w
o
p
o
w
er
(
P
CCU
/
P
CEU
)
.
P
CEU
ca
n
b
e
o
b
ta
in
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
E
q
u
at
io
n
1
an
d
2
.
T
o
t
a
l
C
EU
C
EU
P
N
P
N
P
3
2
3
1
(
1
)
)
1
(
3
N
P
P
T
o
t
a
l
C
EU
(
2
)
B
y
lo
o
k
in
g
at
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
S
FR
,
s
o
m
e
r
estrict
io
n
s
ap
p
l
y
.
On
e
t
h
i
n
g
th
at
is
co
m
m
o
n
i
n
c
ellu
lar
s
y
s
te
m
s
i
s
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
C
E
U
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
C
C
U,
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
t
h
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
a
r
ea
th
at
i
s
in
th
e
o
u
ter
ar
ea
wid
er
th
an
p
ar
t
i
n
it.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
in
th
e
s
c
h
e
m
e
o
f
t
h
is
SF
R
,
ce
ll
ed
g
e
ar
ea
i
s
d
ef
i
n
ed
as
th
e
ar
ea
o
f
t
h
e
o
u
ter
th
ir
d
o
f
a
ce
ll
a
n
d
t
h
e
ce
ll
ed
g
e
u
s
er
ca
n
o
n
l
y
u
s
e
a
m
ax
i
m
u
m
o
f
1
/3
o
f
t
h
e
to
t
al
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
(
P
R
B
)
.
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
w
e
s
t
u
d
y
t
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
o
f
SF
R
u
s
i
n
g
p
o
w
er
p
ar
titi
o
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
i
n
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
L
T
E
-
A
n
et
w
o
r
k
b
y
u
s
in
g
n
et
w
o
r
k
to
o
l
s
i
m
u
lato
r
.
T
h
e
d
ig
ital
m
a
p
o
f
an
ar
ea
in
w
h
ic
h
L
T
E
-
A
w
a
s
b
ein
g
d
ep
lo
y
ed
i
s
u
s
ed
as
an
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
ta
l
ar
ea
o
f
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
.
W
e
u
s
e
L
T
E
-
A
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
1
8
0
0
MH
z
an
d
m
o
n
te
ca
r
lo
s
i
m
u
l
atio
n
to
o
b
s
er
v
e
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
SF
R
in
th
e
d
o
w
n
li
n
k
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
at
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
p
o
w
er
an
d
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
tr
af
f
ic
lo
ad
.
W
e
also
ex
a
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
u
s
er
at
th
e
ce
ll
ed
g
e
a
s
w
el
l
as
t
h
e
a
v
er
ag
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
u
s
er
s
i
n
t
h
e
en
tire
ce
ll b
y
u
s
in
g
C
I
N
R
,
B
L
E
R
,
a
n
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t p
ar
a
m
eter
.
W
e
co
n
s
id
er
an
L
T
E
-
A
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
N
ce
lls
,
w
h
er
e
N
is
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
ce
ll
p
lan
n
i
n
g
an
d
n
et
w
o
r
k
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
i
n
g
b
ased
o
n
L
T
E
-
A
tec
h
n
ica
l
s
p
ec
if
icat
io
n
th
at
e
m
p
lo
y
f
o
r
th
e
p
ar
ticu
lar
u
r
b
an
d
an
d
s
u
b
-
u
r
b
an
ar
ea
[
1
1
]
.
I
t
also
o
p
e
r
ates
in
Fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
-
Div
is
io
n
D
u
p
lex
(
FDD)
m
o
d
e,
w
h
er
e
w
e
a
r
e
in
ter
ested
in
t
h
e
d
o
w
n
l
in
k
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
w
it
h
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
ca
r
r
ier
s
(
C
C
s
)
.
E
ac
h
C
C
h
as
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
h
y
s
ical
r
eso
u
r
ce
b
lo
ck
s
(
P
R
B
s
)
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
P
R
B
is
th
e
s
m
allest
u
n
i
t
o
f
allo
ca
tio
n
.
E
ac
h
ce
l
l
in
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
co
m
p
r
i
s
ed
o
f
an
e
n
h
an
ce
d
No
d
eB
(
eNB
)
th
at
s
er
v
es
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
U
u
s
er
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
s
(
Ues)
r
an
d
o
m
l
y
d
r
o
p
p
ed
in
th
e
la
y
o
u
t (
in
cl
u
d
in
g
L
T
E
-
A
UE
s
an
d
R
el
-
8
UE
s
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
1
7
:
2
6
9
6
–
2
7
0
5
2698
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
So
f
t f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
r
eu
s
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
[
1
0
]
3
.
LTE
-
A
NE
T
WO
RK
P
L
ANNIN
G
AND
D
I
M
E
NSI
O
NIN
G
C
o
v
er
ag
e
p
la
n
n
in
g
a
n
d
tr
af
f
ic
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
in
g
ar
e
i
n
itial
s
tep
in
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
L
T
E
-
A
n
et
w
o
r
k
p
lan
n
i
n
g
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
h
il
l
y
ar
ea
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
r
esu
l
ts
i
n
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
e
s
ti
m
ates
o
f
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ce
ll
s
(
N)
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
m
ee
t
t
h
e
p
lan
n
i
n
g
a
r
ea
w
it
h
in
ce
r
tai
n
p
ar
a
m
ete
r
s
o
f
co
v
er
ag
e
an
d
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
s
ig
n
al
lev
el,
r
e
g
ar
d
less
o
f
th
e
asp
ec
t
o
f
ca
p
ac
it
y
.
P
lan
n
i
n
g
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
e
v
alu
a
tio
n
co
v
er
ag
e
li
n
k
b
u
d
g
et
d
o
w
n
lin
k
an
d
u
p
li
n
k
.
Ma
x
i
m
u
m
p
a
th
lo
s
s
is
ca
lc
u
l
ated
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
lev
e
l
o
f
C
I
NR
r
eq
u
ir
ed
b
y
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
er
,
th
en
co
n
v
er
ted
to
th
e
eNB
ce
ll
r
a
d
iu
s
,
u
s
i
n
g
p
r
o
p
a
g
atio
n
m
o
d
el
s
th
at
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
to
th
e
d
esig
n
ar
ea
.
R
ad
io
L
i
n
k
B
u
d
g
et
i
s
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
t
h
at
ch
ar
ac
ter
izes
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
co
v
er
a
g
e
[
13
]
.
B
y
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
o
f
L
T
E
-
A
,
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
b
a
n
d
,
an
d
th
e
cl
u
tte
r
d
i
g
ital
m
ap
o
f
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
o
b
s
er
v
at
io
n
ar
ea
,
w
e
t
h
e
n
d
o
th
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
to
f
i
n
d
th
e
ce
ll
r
ad
iu
s
.
T
h
is
v
alu
e
is
d
er
iv
ed
u
s
in
g
an
e
m
p
ir
ical
eq
u
at
io
n
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
C
o
s
t
-
2
3
1
ex
p
r
ess
i
o
n
.
C
d
h
h
a
h
f
PL
T
R
T
l
o
g
l
o
g
55
.
6
9
.
44
l
o
g
83
.
13
l
o
g
9
.
33
46
(
3
)
w
h
er
e,
a
r
e
a
u
r
b
a
n
f
o
r
a
r
e
a
u
r
b
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n
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f
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,
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c
i
t
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l
f
o
r
h
c
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e
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i
u
m
s
m
a
l
l
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r
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f
h
a
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a
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,
1
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1
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.
11
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o
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3
/
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.
0
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(
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g
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.
1
7
.
0
l
o
g
1
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1
Giv
e
n
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
u
s
ed
in
th
e
p
lan
n
in
g
o
f
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
is
1
8
0
0
MH
z,
as
a
r
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lt
w
e
ar
e
ab
le
to
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
e
NB
in
o
u
r
d
esi
g
n
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
T
ab
le
1
.
W
e
ca
n
s
e
t
h
at
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
n
u
m
b
er
s
o
f
eNB
ar
e
3
8
f
o
r
u
r
b
an
an
d
s
u
b
-
u
r
b
an
ar
ea
.
No
w
w
e
co
n
s
id
er
th
at
t
h
o
s
e
n
u
m
b
er
s
o
f
eNB
is
g
o
i
n
g
to
b
e
p
lo
t
ab
o
v
e
th
e
d
ig
i
tal
m
ap
in
s
id
e
t
h
e
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
ar
ea
w
it
h
th
e
h
e
lp
o
f
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
to
o
l.
A
s
a
r
esu
lt
w
e
ca
n
s
ee
i
n
th
e
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
th
e
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
o
f
3
8
eNB
co
v
er
i
n
g
b
o
th
u
r
b
an
a
n
d
s
u
b
-
u
r
b
an
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
I
n
t
h
e
f
i
g
u
r
e,
th
e
b
lack
li
n
e
is
u
s
ed
to
d
is
tin
g
u
i
s
h
t
h
e
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
o
f
u
r
b
an
an
d
s
u
b
-
u
r
b
an
ar
ea
s
in
th
e
test
ed
ar
ea
.
T
h
e
o
v
er
all
lo
ca
tio
n
s
ite
b
ased
o
n
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
lo
n
g
it
u
te
-
latit
u
te
co
o
r
d
in
ate
an
d
also
altitu
te
a
r
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
in
n
et
w
o
r
k
to
o
l
an
d
is
u
s
ed
in
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
to
f
i
n
d
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
p
o
w
er
p
ar
titi
o
n
SF
R
m
et
h
o
d
.
An
o
th
er
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
o
f
L
T
E
-
A
n
et
w
o
r
k
p
lan
n
i
n
g
is
d
eter
m
i
n
atio
n
o
f
p
ar
am
eter
s
in
tr
a
f
f
ic
an
d
s
er
v
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m
o
d
el
th
at
is
u
s
ed
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
m
ax
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m
iz
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th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
to
b
e
ac
h
ie
v
ed
b
y
u
s
er
s
.
I
n
th
i
s
r
e
g
ar
d
,
th
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
m
ea
n
s
a
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
d
a
t
a
r
ate
th
at
a
s
in
g
le
u
s
er
ca
n
ac
h
ie
v
e.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
(
S
)
ca
lcu
latio
n
f
o
r
ea
ch
s
e
s
s
io
n
is
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
as,
B
L
E
R
B
x
S
x
T
S
R
DR
p
1
(
4
)
w
h
er
e
T
p
is
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
p
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s
ess
io
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k
b
p
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S
DR
d
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o
tes
P
PP
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io
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e
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o
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B
R
d
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o
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b
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er
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ate
in
k
b
p
s
,
an
d
B
L
E
R
i
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lo
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r
o
r
r
ate.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
an
d
tr
af
f
ic
s
er
v
ices
s
elec
tio
n
w
ill
d
eter
m
in
e
a
s
in
g
le
u
s
er
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t.
T
h
er
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r
e,
s
in
g
le
u
s
er
th
r
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g
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p
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t c
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n
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ca
lcu
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u
s
i
n
g
,
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
ca
lcu
lated
r
eq
u
ir
ed
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ce
ll (
eNB
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.
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u
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2
.
eNB
d
ep
l
o
y
m
e
n
t o
n
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
ar
ea
.
k
b
p
s
P
R
x
BH
S
A
x
S
h
AR
s
3600
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1
(
(
5
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w
h
er
e
h
s
is
a
s
in
g
le
u
s
er
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
I
P
,
B
HSA
d
en
o
tes
b
u
s
y
h
o
u
r
s
ess
io
n
atte
m
p
t,
R
is
p
en
etr
atio
n
r
ate
an
d
P
AR
d
en
o
tes
p
ea
k
to
av
er
a
g
e
r
atio
.
T
o
tal
n
et
w
o
r
k
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
is
a
s
i
n
g
le
u
s
er
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
(
h
s
)
x
to
tal
tar
g
etted
u
s
er
.
O
n
ce
tr
af
f
ic
p
ar
a
m
eter
an
d
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m
o
d
el
ar
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id
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ca
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b
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
u
s
in
g
E
q
u
a
tio
n
(
4
)
a
n
d
(
5
)
.
Dep
en
d
in
g
o
n
h
o
w
tr
af
f
ic
p
ar
a
m
eter
a
n
d
s
er
v
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m
o
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,
w
e
ar
e
ab
le
to
esti
m
ate
n
et
w
o
r
k
ca
p
ac
it
y
a
n
d
t
h
at
th
e
r
eq
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ir
ed
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
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B
is
al
s
o
p
r
ed
icted
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w
e
v
er
,
in
t
h
is
w
o
r
k
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
eNB
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
to
co
v
er
s
er
v
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ar
ea
is
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
f
r
o
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t
h
e
co
v
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ag
e
r
eq
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ir
e
m
en
t r
ath
er
th
a
n
ca
p
ac
i
t
y
esti
m
at
io
n
.
4
.
I
NT
E
R
-
CE
L
L
I
NT
E
RF
E
RE
NCE CO
O
RD
I
NA
T
I
O
N
M
E
T
H
O
D
I
N
SFR
No
w
let
’
s
co
n
s
id
er
t
h
at
SF
R
w
ill
b
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
i
n
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
lated
n
et
w
o
r
k
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
d
er
iv
ed
i
n
Sectio
n
3
.
W
e
d
ev
id
e
ea
ch
c
ell
in
to
m
u
ltip
le
ar
ea
w
h
ich
m
ea
n
s
w
e
e
m
p
lo
y
a
m
u
ltil
e
v
el
SF
R
tech
n
iq
u
e.
Si
m
i
lar
to
SF
R
-
2
(
2
lev
el
SF
R
)
,
m
u
ltil
e
v
el
SF
R
(
ML
-
S
F
R
)
also
d
e
f
in
es
a
n
et
w
o
r
k
-
le
v
el
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
in
ea
ch
ce
ll
r
ef
er
to
p
o
w
er
p
ar
titi
o
n
f
o
r
ea
ch
eNB
.
Gen
er
all
y
,
a
UE
ca
n
b
e
ass
ig
n
ed
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
i
n
t
h
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
b
an
d
th
at
co
v
er
s
i
t.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
w
e
s
u
g
g
e
s
t a
llo
ca
tin
g
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
to
a
UE
i
n
th
e
b
an
d
s
wi
t
h
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
s
m
a
lles
t
co
v
er
ag
e
to
o
p
ti
m
ize
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
.
A
s
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
ab
o
v
e
in
Sectio
n
2
,
w
e
ca
n
ass
ig
n
i
n
t
h
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te
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
u
ltip
le
-
S
FR
i
n
L
T
E
-
A
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
W
e
u
s
e
m
o
n
te
ca
r
lo
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
o
v
er
w
h
ic
h
it
is
ab
le
to
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
er
v
ices
to
th
e
d
en
s
it
y
o
f
tr
af
f
ic
o
n
th
e
c
u
s
to
m
er
s
w
h
o
ar
e
n
o
t
h
o
m
o
g
en
eo
u
s
.
Mo
n
te
ca
r
l
o
alg
o
r
ith
m
i
n
o
u
r
ca
s
e
ca
n
b
e
d
escr
ib
e
as d
escr
ib
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
is
to
g
e
n
er
ate
u
s
er
lo
ca
tio
n
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
u
s
er
tr
a
f
f
ic
m
ap
.
I
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
g
en
er
ati
n
g
th
e
u
s
er
lo
ca
tio
n
,
w
e
as
s
u
m
e
t
h
at
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
u
s
er
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
th
at
co
n
tain
ed
i
n
t
h
e
tr
a
f
f
ic
m
ap
f
o
r
th
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
s
er
v
ices
s
u
ch
a
s
B
HC
A
o
r
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
e
s
s
io
n
s
i
n
o
n
e
h
o
u
r
(
N
s
esio
n
)
,
t
h
e
tr
a
f
f
ic
v
o
lu
m
e
(
in
Kb
y
te)
o
f
V
DL
an
d
V
UL
,
a
n
d
th
e
g
o
o
d
s
er
v
ice
d
o
w
n
li
n
k
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
(
T
P
DL
)
an
d
u
p
lin
k
(
T
P
UL
)
.
T
h
e
n
ex
t
s
tep
is
d
eter
m
i
n
i
n
g
th
e
b
est
s
er
v
er
an
d
s
er
v
ice
ar
ea
w
h
ich
m
ea
n
th
at
th
e
d
ec
is
iv
e
s
ec
to
r
o
f
th
e
ce
ll
w
h
er
e
ea
c
h
u
s
er
lo
ca
tio
n
b
ase
d
o
n
th
e
s
tr
e
n
g
th
o
f
th
e
s
i
g
n
a
l
.
W
e
th
e
n
ca
lc
u
late
th
e
C
I
N
R
o
f
th
e
d
o
w
n
li
n
k
an
d
u
p
lin
k
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
d
b
y
ea
ch
u
s
er
.
Af
ter
C
I
N
R
is
o
b
tain
ed
,
to
ea
ch
u
s
er
,
it
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
th
e
b
ea
r
er
th
at
u
s
e
d
b
ased
o
n
th
e
th
r
es
h
o
ld
o
f
C
I
NR
o
f
MCS
.
Ha
v
in
g
o
b
tain
ed
th
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
b
ea
r
er
w
e
ca
lc
u
late
t
h
e
to
tal
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t in
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
5
.
1
.
E
f
f
ec
t
o
f
SFR
t
o
t
he
CINR
N
o
w
w
e
ca
n
o
b
tain
ed
t
h
e
C
I
NR
in
s
id
e
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
er
v
ic
e
ar
ea
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
t
h
e
d
ig
ita
l
m
ap
th
at
i
s
u
s
ed
i
n
o
u
r
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t.
F
ig
u
r
e
5
d
escr
ib
e
s
t
h
e
d
i
g
ital
m
ap
b
ased
o
n
ele
v
ated
m
ap
o
f
o
u
r
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
s
er
v
ice
ar
ea
to
ev
al
u
ate
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
i
n
ter
-
ce
l
l
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
m
iti
g
atio
n
o
f
SF
R
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
atio
n
.
C
I
N
R
at
e
v
er
y
p
o
in
t
o
f
lo
ca
tio
n
i
n
s
id
e
th
e
m
ap
is
s
i
m
u
lated
a
n
d
e
v
alu
a
ted
f
o
r
ea
ch
v
alu
e
o
f
.
A
s
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
C
I
N
R
f
o
r
=
0
,
=
0
.
1
,
an
d
=
1
ar
e
d
ep
icted
in
th
e
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
ch
an
g
in
g
i
n
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
C
I
N
R
is
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
t
h
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
i
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
p
o
w
er
th
at
o
cc
u
r
s
r
a
n
d
o
m
l
y
.
Fo
r
α
=
0
.
1
,
C
I
NR
o
n
t
h
e
ce
ll
ed
g
e
is
th
e
h
i
g
h
est
C
I
N
R
a
m
o
n
g
o
th
er
α
b
ec
au
s
e
it
h
as
th
e
h
i
g
h
est
P
CEU
an
d
it
u
s
ed
FR
3
s
ce
n
ar
io
in
th
e
w
h
o
le
ar
ea
o
f
its
ce
ll
ed
g
e
.
Av
er
ag
e
C
I
N
R
o
f
t
h
e
w
h
o
le
ce
lls
i
s
o
b
s
er
v
ed
r
e
m
ai
n
co
n
s
tan
t
in
ea
ch
v
alu
e
α
w
h
en
t
h
e
C
I
N
R
v
al
u
e
at
th
e
ce
ll
ed
g
e
is
q
u
ite
h
i
g
h
.
T
h
is
co
n
d
itio
n
in
d
icate
s
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
C
I
NR
at
t
h
e
ce
ll
ce
n
ter
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
s
m
all
P
cc
u
b
ased
o
n
th
e
allo
ca
tio
n
o
f
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
p
o
w
er
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
m
ak
e
s
t
h
e
co
n
d
itio
n
t
h
at
m
ea
n
s
m
o
r
e
s
u
s
ce
p
tib
le
to
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
.
5
.
2
.
E
f
f
ec
t
o
f
SFR
into
B
L
E
R
An
o
th
er
r
es
u
lt
s
in
t
h
i
s
ex
p
er
i
m
en
t
is
B
L
E
R
w
h
ic
h
is
a
p
ar
am
eter
th
a
t
s
tate
s
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
b
lo
ck
p
ac
k
et
er
r
o
r
d
u
e
to
in
ter
-
ce
ll
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
o
f
SF
R
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tat
io
n
.
B
L
E
R
is
o
b
t
ain
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
m
o
n
te
ca
r
lo
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
in
w
h
ic
h
w
e
s
i
m
u
l
ated
f
o
r
ea
ch
u
s
er
w
h
o
is
tr
y
i
n
g
to
ac
ce
s
s
to
L
T
E
-
A
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
e
lo
w
er
t
h
e
B
L
E
R
t
h
e
b
etter
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
I
f
t
h
e
B
L
E
R
is
to
o
h
i
g
h
,
it
m
ea
n
s
t
h
er
e
w
ill
b
e
to
o
m
a
n
y
er
r
o
r
s
in
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
ec
eiv
ed
ca
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
d
ata
b
ec
o
m
e
s
in
v
alid
.
T
ab
le
3
s
h
o
w
s
B
L
E
R
f
o
r
ea
ch
v
al
u
e
o
f
.
Fro
m
th
e
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
r
es
u
lt
,
av
er
ag
e
B
L
E
R
f
o
r
FR
1
s
c
h
e
m
e
in
t
h
e
en
tire
ce
ll
is
4
.
3
3
%
w
h
ile
i
n
t
h
e
ce
ll
ed
g
e
is
1
5
%
w
h
ic
h
m
ea
n
s
th
at
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
is
w
o
r
s
t
a
n
d
ex
ce
ed
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
to
ler
ated
v
al
u
e.
W
ith
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
o
f
SF
R
,
t
h
at
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
α
=
0
.
9
,
B
L
E
R
at
th
e
ce
ll
ed
g
e
is
ab
le
to
b
e
lo
w
er
t
h
an
7
.
9
3
%
o
r
n
ea
r
l
y
h
al
f
o
f
t
h
e
B
L
E
R
o
n
FR
1
s
c
h
e
m
e
w
i
th
o
u
t
S
FR
.
B
L
E
R
w
ill
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
l
y
d
ec
r
e
ase
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
m
a
ller
v
alu
e
o
f
α
.
A
t
ea
c
h
d
ec
r
ea
s
i
n
g
α
b
y
0
.
1
,
B
L
E
R
is
ab
le
to
b
ec
o
m
e
0
.
5
%
-
2
%
d
ec
r
ea
s
i
n
g
.
W
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
w
h
e
n
α
=
0
.
1
,
B
L
E
R
i
s
2
.
7
9
%
o
r
d
e
cr
ea
s
in
g
b
y
1
2
.
2
1
%
f
r
o
m
FR
1
s
ch
e
m
e.
Dec
r
ea
s
i
n
g
v
al
u
e
o
f
B
L
E
R
o
n
th
e
ce
l
l
ed
g
e
m
ea
n
s
th
a
t
w
h
en
α
is
s
m
all,
t
h
e
i
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
i
s
al
s
o
s
m
all.
I
f
w
e
lo
o
k
at
t
h
e
T
ab
le
2
,
w
h
en
α
=
0
.
6
t
h
e
B
L
E
R
v
al
u
e
i
n
th
e
en
t
ir
e
ce
ll
is
al
m
o
s
t
eq
u
al
to
t
h
e
B
L
E
R
v
al
u
e
o
n
t
h
e
ce
ll
ed
g
e
w
h
ic
h
r
an
g
e
s
i
n
v
al
u
e
o
f
4
.
7
%.
I
t
in
d
icate
s
th
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
er
r
o
r
s
th
at
o
cc
u
r
in
th
e
ce
ll
ed
g
e
an
d
th
e
ce
ll
ce
n
ter
is
al
m
o
s
t
eq
u
al
to
th
e
av
er
ag
e
er
r
o
r
th
at
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
o
n
th
e
w
h
o
le
ce
lls
.
T
h
is
is
t
o
s
h
o
w
t
h
at
w
h
e
n
α
=
0
.
6
,
an
o
v
er
all
n
et
w
o
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
i
n
th
e
s
a
m
e
ce
ll
is
th
e
s
a
m
a
as
th
er
e
is
n
o
g
ap
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
at
t
h
e
ce
ll
ce
n
ter
o
r
in
th
e
ce
ll e
d
g
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
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C
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I
SS
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2
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8
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8708
I
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ter
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ll I
n
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(
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2703
Fig
u
r
e
6.
Si
m
u
lated
C
I
N
R
.
T
ab
le
3.
B
L
E
R
f
o
r
ea
ch
.
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
B
L
ER
f
o
r
t
h
e
w
h
o
l
e
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
a
r
e
a
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
B
L
ER
a
t
t
h
e
c
e
l
l
e
d
g
e
α=0
(
F
R
3
)
6
,
6
1
%
0
,
9
4
%
α=0
,
1
5
,
6
7
%
2
,
7
9
%
α=0
,
2
5
,
3
4
%
3
,
1
6
%
α=0
,
3
5
,
1
9
%
3
,
6
2
%
α=0
,
4
5
,
1
5
%
3
,
8
1
%
α=0
,
5
4
,
9
8
%
4
,
3
0
%
α=0
,
6
4
,
7
4
%
4
,
7
1
%
α=0
,
7
4
,
6
3
%
4
,
8
9
%
α=0
,
8
4
,
5
8
%
5
,
7
6
%
α=0
,
9
4
,
4
4
%
7
,
9
3
%
α=1
(
F
R
1
)
4
,
3
3
%
1
5
,
0
0
%
5
.
3
.
E
f
f
ec
t
o
f
SFR
into
T
hro
ug
hp
ut
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
is
an
i
m
p
o
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w
o
r
k
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
ce
ll
co
v
er
ag
e
o
f
ab
o
u
t
9
9
.
9
%.
Mu
ltil
ev
e
l
o
r
p
o
w
er
p
ar
titi
o
n
o
f
S
FR
s
c
h
e
m
e
h
a
s
p
r
o
v
en
i
ts
ab
il
it
y
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
at
th
e
ce
ll
ed
g
e
in
ter
m
s
o
f
a
p
ar
am
e
ter
v
al
u
e
s
u
c
h
C
I
NR
,
B
L
E
R
a
n
d
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t.
W
ith
th
i
s
tec
h
n
iq
u
e,
t
h
e
h
ig
h
e
s
t
a
v
er
ag
e
C
I
NR
at
t
h
e
ce
ll
ed
g
e
i
s
1
0
.
5
d
B
w
h
e
n
α
eq
u
als
0
.
1
o
r
in
cr
ea
s
e
m
o
r
e
t
h
an
f
o
u
r
ti
m
es
f
r
o
m
FR
1
tech
n
iq
u
e.
A
v
er
a
g
e
B
L
E
R
at
t
h
e
ce
ll
ed
g
e
is
ab
le
t
o
r
ed
u
ce
d
u
p
to
2
.
7
5
%,
n
am
el
y
w
h
en
α
=
0
.
1
o
r
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
ab
o
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t
1
2
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2
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%
f
r
o
m
FR
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tec
h
n
iq
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e.
M
u
lt
ip
le
SF
R
also
s
h
o
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s
a
b
ala
n
ce
p
er
f
o
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m
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n
ce
i
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s
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er
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e
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L
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n
th
e
ce
ll e
d
g
e,
ce
ll c
e
n
ter
,
an
d
t
h
e
e
n
tir
e
ce
ll
w
h
ich
is
eq
u
al
to
4
.
7
%.
A
d
d
itio
n
all
y
,
w
h
en
t
h
e
tr
af
f
ic
lo
ad
is
lo
w
er
th
a
n
5
0
%,
av
er
ag
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
t
h
at
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
w
it
h
m
u
lt
ilev
e
l
SF
R
tech
n
iq
u
e
i
n
t
h
e
w
h
o
le
ce
ll
i
s
b
etter
th
a
n
t
h
at
o
f
FR
1
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n
d
FR
3
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Fin
a
ll
y
,
m
u
ltil
e
v
el
SF
R
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
a
n
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v
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ag
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t
h
r
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g
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p
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t
at
t
h
e
ce
ll
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g
e
b
etter
th
an
FR
1
eit
h
er
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lo
w
o
r
h
ig
h
tr
af
f
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lo
ad
.
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h
e
h
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g
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t
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
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t
is
o
b
tain
ed
w
h
en
α
=
0
.
1
w
h
ic
h
is
a
b
o
u
t
1
3
,
1
6
Mb
p
s
o
r
an
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
t
w
ice
t
h
e
F
R
1
s
ch
e
m
e.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
K.
Od
e
y
e
m
i
a
n
d
E.
Og
u
n
ti
,
“
Ca
p
a
c
it
y
En
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
Hig
h
Da
ta
Ra
te
W
irele
ss
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
),
v
o
l
4
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
8
0
0
-
8
0
9
,
Oc
to
b
e
r
2
0
1
4
.
[2
]
G
.
G
ia
m
b
e
n
e
,
V
.
A
.
L
e
,
T
.
Bo
u
r
g
e
a
u
,
a
n
d
H.
Ch
a
o
u
c
h
i,
“
S
o
f
t
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
re
u
se
sc
h
e
m
e
s
f
o
r
h
e
tero
g
e
n
e
o
u
s
L
T
E
s
y
ste
m
s,” in
P
ro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
o
f
IEE
E
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s (ICC),
Ju
n
e
2
0
1
5
.
[3
]
M
.
Qia
n
,
e
t.
a
l.
,
“
A
d
a
p
ti
v
e
S
o
f
t
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
Re
u
se
S
c
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
W
irel
e
ss
Ce
ll
u
lar
Ne
tw
o
rk
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
Veh
icu
la
r
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l.
6
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
1
8
-
1
3
1
,
2
0
1
5
.
[4
]
X
.
S
h
u
i,
M
.
Zh
a
o
,
P
.
D
o
n
g
,
a
n
d
J.
Ko
n
g
,
“
A
n
o
v
e
l
d
y
n
a
m
ic
s
o
f
t
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
re
u
se
c
o
m
b
in
e
d
w
it
h
p
o
w
e
r
re
-
a
ll
o
c
a
ti
o
n
in
L
T
E
u
p
li
n
k
s,”
in
P
r
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
o
f
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
W
irel
e
ss
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
S
ig
n
a
l
P
r
o
c
e
ss
in
g
(W
CS
P
2
0
1
2
)
,
Oc
to
b
e
r
2
0
1
2
.
[5
]
W
.
P
ra
m
u
d
it
o
a
n
d
A
.
A
lsu
sa
,
“
C
o
n
f
e
d
e
ra
ti
o
n
Ba
se
d
RRM
w
it
h
P
ro
p
o
rti
o
n
a
l
F
a
irn
e
ss
f
o
r
S
o
f
t
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
Re
u
se
LT
E
Ne
t
w
o
rk
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
W
ire
les
s Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
1
3
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
7
0
3
-
1
7
1
5
,
2
0
1
4
.
[6
]
Y.
Ya
n
g
,
L
.
Ch
e
n
,
P
.
Z
h
a
o
,
a
n
d
W
.
W
a
n
g
,
“
A
d
a
p
ti
v
e
P
o
w
e
r
Ra
ti
o
Up
d
a
ti
n
g
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
in
S
o
f
t
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
Re
u
se
S
c
h
e
m
e
,
”
in
P
ro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
o
f
IEE
E
7
8
t
h
V
e
h
icu
lar T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Co
n
fe
re
n
c
e
(V
T
C
F
a
ll
),
S
e
p
tem
b
e
r
2
0
1
3
.
[7
]
P
.
Zh
a
n
g
,
Y.
M
o
,
a
n
d
B.
W
a
n
g
,
“
D
y
n
a
m
i
c
so
f
t
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
r
e
u
se
b
a
se
d
o
n
se
c
to
r
f
a
c
to
r
f
o
r
LT
E
d
o
w
n
li
n
k
tran
sm
issio
n
,
”
in
P
ro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
o
f
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
W
ir
e
les
s
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
S
ig
n
a
l
P
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
,
Oc
to
b
e
r
2
0
1
3
.
[8
]
X
.
Ya
n
g
,
“
A
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
S
o
f
t
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
Re
u
se
Tec
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
W
irele
ss
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
S
y
s
tem
s,”
IEE
E
c
o
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
s letter
s
,
v
o
l.
1
8
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
1
9
8
3
-
1
9
8
6
,
N
o
v
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
4
.
[9
]
Y.
Yu
,
e
t.
a
ll
,
"
P
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
A
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
S
o
f
t
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
Re
u
se
f
o
r
In
ter
-
c
e
ll
In
terf
e
r
e
n
c
e
Co
o
rd
in
a
ti
o
n
i
n
L
T
E
Ne
tw
o
rk
s”
,
1
0
th
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
m
p
o
siu
m
o
n
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
I
n
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
,
p
p
.
5
0
5
-
5
0
9
,
Oc
to
b
e
r
2
0
1
0
.
[1
0
]
ZT
E
Do
c
u
m
e
n
t,
“
En
h
a
n
c
e
d
ICIC
f
o
r
LT
E
-
A
He
tNe
t,
”
2
0
1
1
.
[1
1
]
F
.
Jo
h
n
O
a
n
d
O.Y.
O,
“
Ra
d
i
o
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
P
r
o
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
M
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s
a
n
d
Em
p
iri
c
a
l
M
o
d
e
ls
f
o
r
Hill
y
A
re
a
s,”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
),
v
o
l
3
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
3
7
2
-
3
7
6
,
Ju
n
e
2
0
1
3
.
[1
2
]
E.
Da
h
lm
a
n
,
S
.
P
a
rk
v
a
ll
,
a
n
d
J.
S
k
o
ld
.
4
G
:
LT
E/
LT
E
-
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
f
o
r
M
o
b
il
e
Bro
a
d
b
a
n
d
.
El
se
v
ier,
se
c
o
n
d
e
d
it
io
n
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
3
]
A
.
R.
M
ish
ra
.
F
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tals
o
f
C
e
l
lu
lar
Ne
tw
o
rk
P
lan
n
in
g
a
n
d
Op
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
2
G
/2
.
5
G
/3
G
Ev
o
lu
ti
o
n
to
4
G
,
Jo
h
n
W
il
e
y
&
S
o
n
s,
2
0
0
4
.
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