Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of Ele
ctrical
an
d
Co
mput
er
En
gin
eeri
ng
(IJ
E
C
E)
Vo
l.
10
,
No.
3
,
June
2020
,
pp.
3145
~
3151
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijece
.
v
10
i
3
.
pp3145
-
31
51
3145
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
ece.i
aesc
or
e.c
om/i
nd
ex
.ph
p/IJ
ECE
CPW
f
ed
SRR lo
aded m
on
opole an
tenna for
triple b
an
d operati
ons
Smith
a
K
.
M.
1
,
A
ju
John
K.
K.
2
,
Th
om
as
k
ut
t
y M
at
h
ew
3
1,2
School
of Te
c
hnolog
y
and
A
ppli
ed
Scie
n
ce
s,
M.G.
Univer
si
t
y
Regi
on
al
ce
n
te
r
,
India
3
School
of Te
ch
nolog
y
,
GITAM
Univer
sit
y
,
Indi
a
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Ma
y
24
, 201
9
Re
vised
Dec
7
,
2019
Accepte
d
Dec
11
, 201
9
A
pla
nar
CP
W
fed
SR
R
loa
d
ed
m
onopole
a
nte
nna
b
ase
d
o
n
split
rin
g
resona
tor
with
t
ripl
e
-
b
and
oper
a
ti
ons
is
rep
orted
for
passive
U
HF
R
FID
,
W
ire
le
ss
Loc
a
l
Area
Networks
(W
LAN)
and
W
orld
Inte
rope
rab
i
li
t
y
fo
r
Microwa
ve
Ac
c
ess
(W
iMAX
)
a
ppli
c
at
ions.
Me
a
sured
and
sim
ula
te
d
r
esult
s
show
the
eff
e
ct
of
ta
per
ing
of
th
e
SR
R
lay
er
on
bandwidt
h
impr
ovement
and
gai
n
enh
ancem
ent
in
compar
ison
to
m
onopole
with
SR
R
ant
en
na.
Th
e
CP
W
fed
SR
R
loa
ded
m
onopole
ant
en
na
has
a
bidi
rec
t
iona
l
patter
n
wit
h
high
gai
n
for
wire
l
ess c
om
m
unic
at
ion
appli
ca
t
ions.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
CP
W
fed
Monopole
a
nte
nn
a
Sp
li
t
rin
g
res
onat
or
Triple
band
Copyright
©
202
0
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Th
om
asku
tt
y M
at
hew
,
School
of Tec
hnol
og
y,
GI
T
AM
Deem
ed
to
b
e
Unive
rsity
,
Be
ng
al
uru
cam
pu
s
, Nag
ade
na
halli
, Ben
galu
r
u,
I
nd
ia
.
Em
a
il
: dr
tkm
ath
ew
@
gm
ail.co
m
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
The
a
nten
na
is
an
ir
rep
la
cea
bl
e
com
po
ne
nt
of
t
he
wi
reless
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
syst
em
and
is
a
m
at
ching
com
po
ne
nt
bet
ween
sou
rces
of
el
ect
r
om
agnet
ic
energy
an
d
f
ree
s
pace
[1]
.
It
is
possi
ble
to
inte
gr
at
e
se
ver
a
l
wireless syst
e
m
s
into a s
i
ng
l
e p
la
tf
or
m
w
it
h
the
u
s
e
of m
ulti
band
a
nten
nas,
w
hich
m
eans the
r
e
duct
ion o
f
c
os
t
and
ea
se
of
use
,
especial
ly
in
W
L
AN
a
nd
W
iM
AX
a
ppli
cat
ion
s.
So
A
nt
enn
as
with
m
ulti
band
cha
ra
ct
erist
ic
s
hav
e
gaine
d
e
xt
ensive
at
te
ntio
n.
So
m
e
lim
i
tation
s
acc
om
pan
yi
ng
a
nten
nas
are
li
m
it
ed
gain,
t
he
directi
vi
ty
of
their
rad
ia
ti
on
patte
rn
,
thei
r
ph
ysi
cal
siz
e,
their
eff
i
ci
ency
and
operati
on
at
a
sing
le
fr
e
quency.
Ma
ny
resea
rchers
r
ep
or
te
d
a
var
ie
ty
of
a
nte
nn
a
s
f
or
im
pr
ovin
g
the
ab
ove
draw
bac
ks
.
D
ue
to
the
a
dva
ntages
of
l
ow
pro
file
,
low
c
os
t,
bro
adb
a
nd
op
e
rati
ng
ba
ndwidt
hs,
an
d
sim
ple
structu
re,
t
he
a
pp
li
cat
io
n
of
pri
nted
m
on
opole an
te
nn
a
s ar
e
inc
rea
sed for t
he past fe
w
ye
ars
[2
-
4]
.
The
op
ti
m
u
m
perform
ance
of
the
a
nten
na
i
s
determ
ined
by
feed
in
g
m
et
ho
ds.
CP
W
-
fed
anten
nas
a
re
pr
e
ferred
beca
us
e
of
their
ou
tst
and
in
g
featu
res,
i
nclu
ding
t
he
sim
ple
conf
igurat
ion
of
a
sing
le
m
et
al
l
ic
la
ye
r,
the
el
i
m
inati
on
of
the
c
om
plex
interc
onne
ct
ion
with
via
and
s
old
e
r
pa
ds
,
le
ss
c
oupl
ing
with
nea
r
by
RF
com
po
ne
nts
a
nd
ease
of
integrati
on
with
act
ive
MM
IC
dev
ic
es
.
I
n
19
69,
Che
ng
P.
We
in
ven
te
d
Cop
la
nar
Wav
e
guide
(C
P
W)
w
hich
is
an
al
te
rn
at
ive
t
o
Mi
cro
stri
p
a
nd
St
ripline
th
at
place
bo
th
t
he
sig
nal
and
gro
und
currents
on
th
e
sa
m
e
layer.
The
plana
r
tr
ansm
issi
on
li
ne
structu
re
wi
th
gro
und
an
d
rad
ia
ti
on
pat
ch
on
the
sam
e
layer
i
s
cal
le
d
a
co
plana
r
wa
ve
guide
struct
ur
e
.
Var
i
ou
s
ty
pe
s
of
c
opla
nar
wa
veguide
a
nte
nnas
are
repor
te
d
with
goal
s
of
m
ulti
band,
broa
db
a
nd
m
iniatu
rizat
io
n
[5
,
6].
Asym
metri
c
CP
W
gro
unds
(r
ect
an
gula
r
a
nd
in
ver
te
d
L
-
s
hap
e
d)
wit
h
the
slot
m
onopole
a
nten
na
f
or
ac
h
ie
vi
ng
t
he
triple
-
ba
nd
char
act
e
risti
cs
we
re
repor
te
d.
Re
searc
he
rs
hav
e
e
xp
l
or
e
d
a
lot
of
a
ntenn
a
s
based
on
CP
W
fe
d
m
on
op
ole
anten
na wit
h
S
RR
stru
ct
ures
f
or m
ulti
ban
d
a
nd br
oadba
nd
app
li
cat
io
ns
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
3
,
J
une
2020
:
3145
-
3151
3146
Sp
li
t
Ri
ng
Re
s
on
at
or
(S
RR
)
i
s
com
po
se
d
of
two
c
oupled
cond
ucti
ng
ri
ngs
with
s
plit
s
in
op
posit
e
sides
pr
i
nted
on
a
diele
ct
ric
sla
b
hav
i
ng
a
re
la
ti
vely
la
rg
er
loss
an
d
narr
ower
ba
ndwi
dth.
SRR
rep
la
ced
oth
er
m
et
ho
ds
li
ke
l
oad
i
ng
of
serie
s
capaci
tor
s
an
d
shu
nt
in
du
ct
or
s
for
the
real
iz
at
ion
of
pla
na
r
m
et
a
m
at
eria
ls
with
ne
gative
per
m
eabil
it
y.
Broadsi
de
co
up
le
d
sp
li
t
ring
res
on
at
or
s
ha
ve
sm
a
ll
er
el
ect
rical
s
iz
e
co
m
par
ed
t
o
ed
ge
coupled
SRR
[
7
-
11]
.
Diff
e
re
nt
SRR
based
m
onopole
ante
nnas
are
re
porte
d
by
m
od
ify
ing
pa
ram
et
ers
of
SRR
with
the
m
iniat
ur
iz
at
ion
of
the
ante
nna
[
12
-
14]
.
T
he
e
q
u
ivale
nt
i
nduct
ance
of
th
e
S
RR
is
increase
d
with
ta
per
in
g
the
S
RR
and
the
eq
uiv
al
ent
ca
pac
it
ance
of
the
S
RR
is
decr
eased
with
an
i
nc
reas
e
in
the
ga
p
an
d
inter
-
rin
g
s
paci
ng.
T
hus,
the
t
aper
e
d
SRR
ca
n
be
desig
ne
d
with
th
e
sam
e
resona
nt
f
re
quency
as
t
he
un
ifor
m
SRR
. Ho
wev
e
r
, th
e ta
per
e
d S
RR
h
as
wide
r ban
dwidth
com
par
ed
to t
he un
i
form
SRR [1
5
,
16
]
.
The
sam
e
rad
ia
ti
on
patte
r
n
i
n
the
re
gion
ab
ove
the
gro
und
as
a
half
-
wa
ve
dipole
in
f
ree
s
pace
ca
n
be
achieve
d
with
the
help
of
t
he
λ/4
m
on
opole
anten
na
[
17
]
.
The
ra
diate
d
powe
r
of
m
on
opole
is
only
ha
lf
as
m
uch
power
as
the
dipole.
Planar
m
on
opole
a
nten
na
exh
i
bits
m
any
at
tract
ive
featur
es,
s
uc
h
as
si
m
ple
structu
re,
in
ex
pensi
ve
easy
integ
rati
on
with
m
on
olit
hic
m
ic
ro
wa
ve
int
egr
at
e
d
ci
rcu
it
s
(MM
IC),
l
ow
-
prof
il
e,
c
om
fo
rtable
to
plana
r
an
d
non
-
pla
nar
s
urfaces.
Linea
rl
y
po
la
rized
(
LP)
an
d
Ci
rc
ularly
Po
la
riz
ed
(CP
)
op
e
rati
ons
we
re
achieve
d
by
a
m
ul
ti
-
band
co
plana
r
m
onopole
ante
nna
with
va
rio
us
struct
ur
e
s
[18].
Planar
m
onopole
ante
nn
as
c
an
be
opti
m
ized
to
pro
vid
e
extre
m
el
y
wide
i
m
ped
ance
B
W
with
acc
e
ptable
rad
ia
ti
on
perform
ance
.
The
ra
dio
f
requen
cy
ide
ntific
at
ion
(RF
ID)
syst
e
m
in
the
Ultra
High
Fr
e
qu
e
ncy
(UHF)
band
of
860
-
96
0
MHz
range
has
gain
ed
im
po
rtance
as
it
pro
vid
es
a
longe
r
rea
d
range
a
nd
fast
read
i
ng
sp
ee
d.U
H
F
ta
gs
ha
ve
good
non
-
li
ne
-
of
-
si
gh
t
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
cap
abili
ty
and
a
higher
data
rate
an
d
a
ty
pical
read
ra
ng
e
of
up
to
5m
[19
-
20
]
.
Diff
e
ren
t
m
ul
ti
-
band
ant
enn
a
s
ha
ve
rec
ently
been
pro
po
s
ed
f
or
W
L
AN
(
Wireless
Local
Ar
ea
Netw
ork
)
that
m
eet
s
t
he
sta
ndar
ds
of
2.4G
Hz/5
.2GH
z/
5.8GHz
and
the
Worl
d
I
nterope
rab
i
li
ty
fo
r
Mi
cro
wa
ve Ac
cess (
WiM
ax
) op
e
rati
ng at
3.5GHz
WiM
A
X
I
EEE
802.1
6 (
3.4
–
3.6 GH
z)
[2
1
-
25]
.
In
this
pa
pe
r,
the
CP
W
fe
d
S
RR
loaded
m
on
op
ole
anten
na
is
pr
esente
d
wh
ic
h
is
us
ef
ul
fo
r
triple
-
band
operati
on
s.
T
he
lo
we
r
ba
nd
is
a
pp
li
cab
le
to
the
U
HF
RFID
ra
nge
a
nd
the
hi
gher
t
w
o
bands
are
su
i
ta
ble
for
WLAN
an
d
W
iM
A
X
a
ppli
cat
ion
s.
It
ha
s
been
obser
ve
d
that
by
a
dju
s
ti
ng
the
width
of
th
e
SRR
,
re
so
na
nt
fr
e
qu
e
ncy a
nd
band
width o
f
t
he pr
opos
e
d
a
nt
enn
a ca
n be
c
on
t
ro
ll
ed
.
2.
A
NTE
NNA D
ESIGN
A
CP
W
fed
pl
anar
m
on
op
ole
anten
na
with
t
aper
e
d
SRR
w
hich
us
es
ine
xpen
sive
FR
4
s
ub
st
rate
with
1.6
m
m
thickness
an
d
relat
iv
e
per
m
it
t
ivit
y
of
4.4.
is
prese
nted.
Her
e
t
he
SRR
structu
res
are
us
e
d
to
en
han
c
e
the
rad
ia
ti
ng
pro
per
ti
es
of
m
on
opole
ant
e
nn
a
du
e
t
o
th
e
eff
ect
of
c
ouplin
g
be
twee
n
SRR
an
d
ra
diati
ng
el
e
m
ent.
The
anten
na
excit
a
ti
on
is
thr
ough
a
CP
W
fee
d
li
ne.
T
he
ce
nter
strip
m
ade
of
a
co
nduc
tor
is
separ
at
e
d
by
a
na
rrow
gap
f
r
om
two
groun
d
planes
on
ei
ther
si
de
as
in
Fig
ur
e
1(a)
.
Monopole
a
nt
enn
a
is
coupled
with
the
sam
e
SRR
on
the
le
ft
side
an
d
rig
ht
side
with
a
ga
p
betwee
n
the
m
on
opole
ant
enn
a
.
Her
e
the
sp
li
ts
in
t
he
rin
gs
a
r
e
place
d
oppos
it
e
to
eac
h
othe
r
wh
ic
h
m
akes
the
SRR
resonan
t
at
wa
vele
ng
t
hs
m
uch
la
rg
er
than
the
dim
e
ns
io
ns
of
the
ri
ng
s
du
e
to
the
la
rg
e
capaci
ta
nce
in
the
ga
p
betwe
en
them
.
The
m
ulti
-
ban
d
operati
on
ca
n
be
achie
ved
by
the
com
b
inati
on
of
the
m
on
opole
an
te
nn
a
an
d
the
SRR
.
As
no
a
dd
it
io
na
l
m
at
ching
ne
twork
is
re
quir
ed,
a
si
gn
ific
a
nt
i
m
pr
ovem
e
nt
in
the
a
nten
na
cha
racteri
s
t
ic
s
can
be
done
by
usi
ng
co
plana
r
wa
veguide
instea
d
of
m
ic
ro
strip
feeds
.
T
he
rea
so
n
f
or
ch
oosing
a
recta
ngula
r
SRR
ov
e
r
a
sim
il
ar
ci
rcu
la
r
one
is
it
s
lower
m
agn
et
ic
res
onant
fr
e
qu
e
nc
y
and
easi
er
f
abr
ic
at
io
n.
S
pl
it
ring
resonato
rs
(SR
Rs)
are
plac
ed
on
both
s
ides
of
the
center
strip
as
in
F
ig
ur
e
1(b)
wh
ic
h
are
co
uple
d
t
o
the
m
on
op
ole
anten
na.
D
ue
t
o
th
e
c
ouplin
g,
the
el
ect
ric
a
nd
m
agn
et
ic
fi
el
ds
of
the
m
onop
ole
intera
ct
with
the
SRR
by
ex
ci
ti
ng
both
the
inn
er
a
nd
oute
r
sp
li
t
rings
.
The
s
c
hem
atic
diagr
am
of
th
e
propose
d
m
on
op
ole
anten
na
is
s
hown
i
n
Fig
ure
2(
a
)
.
Fi
gure
2(b)
represe
nts
the
fa
br
ic
at
e
d
anten
na
str
uct
ur
e
a
nd
m
easur
em
ent
set
up
.
T
he dim
ensio
ns
of
pro
po
s
ed
CP
W
Fe
d
SRR
l
oad
e
d m
on
opole an
te
nn
a
s ar
e
g
i
ven
in Ta
ble 1.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure
1.
Str
uc
tures
C
P
W
-
Fe
d plana
r
m
on
opole a
nte
nna
,
(
a)
b
asi
c m
on
op
ole an
te
nna
,
(b)
m
on
op
ole a
nten
na wit
h uni
fo
rm
SRR
,
(c
)
m
on
opole a
nt
enn
a
w
it
h t
ape
red SRR
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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CPW
fed
SRR
loade
d mon
opol
e a
nte
nna
f
or
t
riple b
and o
pe
ra
ti
ons
(
Smit
ha K.
M
.)
3147
(a)
(b)
Figure
2.
(a
)
S
chem
at
ic
d
ia
gr
a
m
o
f
t
he pr
opos
e
d
m
on
op
ole an
te
nna
,
(
b)
Ph
ysi
cal
view of
fa
br
ic
at
e
d
a
nten
na
a
nd
m
easur
em
ent set up
Table
1.
O
pti
m
al
d
im
ension
s
of the
pro
pose
d
a
nten
na
Para
m
eters
Un
it(
m
m
)
Para
m
eters
Un
it(
m
m
)
L
154
W5
3
W
100
W6
12
L1
74
W7
8
.3
L2
66
W8
5
.5
L3
67
G1
8
L4
48
G2
8
L5
3
2
.5
G3
7
W1
52
G4
2
.8
W2
5
G5
2
W3
3
G6
5
W4
2
.7
G7
1
.9
The
unit
SRR
cel
l
is
m
od
e
le
d
as
a
series
resonato
r
w
it
h
inducta
nce
Lr,
capaci
ta
nc
e
Cr,
a
nd
resist
ance R
r
.
The res
on
a
nt fr
equ
e
ncy is
give
n by
:
ω
0
=2π
f
0
=
1
√
Lr
Cr
(1)
The
res
onant
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
can
be
var
ie
d
by
changin
g
the
SRR
’s
equ
i
va
le
nt
capaci
ta
nce
an
d
induc
ta
nce.
T
he
ef
fecti
ve
inducta
nce
de
pe
nds
on
m
e
ta
l
rin
gs
of
SRR
and
E
ff
ect
ive
ca
pacit
ance
is
de
te
rm
ined
by
th
e
gap
s
and
sli
ts
in
the
ring
s
.
But
wh
e
n
the
eq
ui
valent
inducta
nce
is
increas
ed
by
widely
sp
ace
d
narrow
ring
s
,
the
eq
uiv
al
ent
capaci
ta
nce
wi
ll
be
reduced
a
nd
vice
ve
rsa.
SRR
with
ta
pe
red
e
dg
e
s
is
sui
ta
ble
fo
r
in
cre
asi
ng
the
eq
uiv
al
ent
ind
ucta
nce
an
d
capaci
ta
nce
of
a
n
SRR
structu
re
sim
ultan
eo
us
ly
.
This
ty
pe
of
inc
rea
se
will
pro
vid
e a
h
i
gh
le
vel of m
iniatu
rizat
io
n
an
d b
et
te
r
rad
ia
ti
on
char
act
e
risti
cs.
The
ba
ndwidt
h
f
or
t
he
str
uctu
re:
BW
L
=
√
Lr
Cr
.
(
α
F
)
2
2
/
(
2
Z0
)
(2)
The
relat
ive
ba
ndwidt
h
of
S
RR
loaded
in
the
syst
e
m
is
i
ncr
ease
d
by
e
nlar
ging
the
frac
ti
on
F,
the
f
racti
on,
the
cel
l
volum
e
occ
upie
d
by
the
s
plit
rin
g
a
nd
the
rati
o
of
Lr
Cr
.
S
o
by
i
ncr
ea
sing
this
rati
o,
the
ba
ndwidt
h
of
SRR
can be c
ontr
olled
[
16
]
. T
he
ta
pe
re
d
a
ntenn
a
is s
how
n
i
n
Fi
gure
1
(c
) wit
h non
-
unif
orm
ed
ges of S
RR
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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8708
In
t J
Elec
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om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
3
,
J
une
2020
:
3145
-
3151
3148
3.
RESU
LT
S
A
ND AN
ALYSIS
The
str
uctu
re
was
presente
d
f
or
m
aking
bandw
i
dth
e
nh
a
ncem
ent
with
the
non
-
unif
or
m
ity
in
the
widt
h
of
e
dg
e
s
of
SRR
.
Ba
ndwidt
h
im
pro
vem
ent
and
sh
ifti
ng
of
re
s
on
a
nt
f
reque
nc
y
to
higher
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
occur
at
al
l
fr
equ
e
ncy
ba
nds
with
gain
im
pr
ov
em
ent.
Figure
3
(a
)
show
s
the
si
m
ulate
d
ref
le
ct
ion
coe
ff
i
ci
ent
s
of
the
base
an
d
pro
posed
m
on
op
ole
anten
na
s.
As
pre
dicte
d
by
the
the
ory
,
Figure
3
s
hows
t
hat
by
ad
aptin
g
the
segm
ent
width
of
the
SR
Rs,
the
resona
nt
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
is
increase
d
by
about
7%
f
rom
0.
8152
G
H
z
fo
r
the
uni
form
SRR
s
to
0.8
9
41
GH
z
in
t
he
ca
se
of
ta
per
e
d
S
RR
s
fo
r
t
he
fir
st
band,
38
%
f
ro
m
1.
4088
G
Hz
f
or
the
unif
or
m
SRR
s
to
2.2
7
1
GH
z
in
the
cas
e
of
ta
pe
red
S
RR
s
for
sec
ond
band
a
nd
2
%
from
3.
629
G
Hz
f
or
the
un
i
form
SRR
s
to
3.
701
GHz
in
the
case
of
ta
pe
red
SR
Rs
fo
r
the
thir
d
ba
nd,
Furthe
rm
or
e,
the
fr
a
ct
ion
a
l
band
width
is
inc
rease
d
f
ro
m
5.7
%
to
10.
6
%
fo
r
first
ba
nd,
9
.
9
%
to
10.
1
%
for
seco
nd
band
a
nd
3.8
%
to
8.1
%
for
thi
rd
ba
nd
.
Table
2
c
om
par
ed
all
the
resul
ts of
C
P
W
Fe
d
SRR
l
oad
e
d m
on
opole an
te
nn
a
.
Table
2
.
C
om
p
ariso
n of sim
ul
at
ed
an
d
m
easur
e
d res
ults
Para
m
eters
Mon
o
p
o
le with SRR
(Si
m
u
lated
)
Mon
o
p
o
le with tap
ered
SRR
(Si
m
u
lated
)
Mon
o
p
o
le with tap
ered
SRR
(
Me
asu
red)
Frequ
en
cy
ban
d
(
GHz)
0
.79
4
4
-
0
.84
1
2
1
.31
5
6
-
1
.45
4
8
3
.56
2
7
-
3
.70
1
9
0
.86
1
3
5
-
0
.90
8
2
1
2
.18
2
2
-
2
.39
5
5
3
.59
5
9
-
3
.80
5
4
0
.85
-
0
.94
5
2
2
.14
-
2
.37
3
.56
-
3
.86
Res
o
n
an
t f
requ
en
c
y
(
GHz
)
0
.81
5
2
1
.40
8
8
3
.62
9
0
.88
4
1
2
2
.27
8
3
.69
5
2
0
.89
4
1
2
.27
1
3
.70
1
1
Gain
(dB
i)
3
5
.84
5
.71
2
.99
5
.68
8
.19
2
.98
5
.66
8
.1
Ban
d
wid
th
(
MHz)
4
6
.81
5
13
9
.
21
13
9
.
21
5
4
.26
4
2
1
3
.35
2
0
9
.43
95
230
300
(a)
(b)
Figure
3.
Va
riat
ion
s
of
re
flect
ion coe
ff
ic
ie
nts w
it
h fr
e
quenc
y for CP
W fed
ta
per
e
d
SRR
l
oa
ded
m
on
opol
e
ante
nn
a
,
(
a)
Sim
ula
te
d
re
flect
ion c
oeffici
ents
of
pro
posed
m
on
opole a
nten
na
(
S
11
)
,
(b)
M
eas
ur
e
d r
eflect
ion
c
oe
ff
i
ci
ents of
pro
posed
m
onopole
anten
na
(
S
11
)
The
m
easur
ed
resu
lt
s
of
CP
W
fed
SRR
loade
d
m
on
opole
a
nt
enn
a
base
d
on
sp
li
t
ring
res
onat
or
sho
w
that
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
bands
of
S
11
≤
-
10
dB
are
a
s
fo
ll
ows:
0.8
5
-
0.9
452
G
Hz,2.
14
-
2.37GHz
and
3.5
6
-
3.86
GHz
,
wh
ic
h
will
cover
U
HF
R
FID
(86
0
-
960MH
z)
,
W
L
A
N
(
2.4
GH
z
)
a
nd
W
i
MAX
(2.3
/
2.5/
3.5/
G
Hz)
f
requen
cy
bands
.
Fi
gure
3(b)
com
par
es
si
m
ulate
d
an
d
m
easur
ed
S
11
i
n
dB.
T
he
ra
diati
on
patte
rns
s
howing
c
o
a
nd
cr
os
s
po
la
rizat
ion
of
E
-
plane
a
nd
H
-
plane
at
res
on
a
nt
fr
e
quenc
ie
s
0.
8841
4GH
z,
2.787
GH
z
a
nd
3.698
7
G
H
z
are
in
Figure
s
4
,
5 an
d 6
resp
ect
ivel
y
.
Table
3
sho
w
s
a
co
m
par
iso
n
of
pro
po
se
d
wo
r
k
with
r
e
centl
y
pu
blis
he
d
pa
per
s
f
or
triple
-
ba
nd
op
e
rati
ons
ac
hi
eved
us
in
g
C
P
W
fed
m
on
opole
a
nten
na.
Eve
n
th
ough
the
siz
e
of
th
e
anten
na
is
l
arg
e
com
par
ed
to th
e o
ther
tw
o
pa
per
s
, th
e p
r
opose
d
w
ork
giv
e
s
a b
and
for
RFI
D
ap
plica
ti
on
s along w
it
h
the o
the
r
two
ba
nds
us
efu
l
f
or
WL
AN
/
W
iM
AX
app
li
cat
io
ns
.
Gain
is
al
so
i
m
pr
oved
in
t
he
pro
pose
d
anten
na.
Ba
ndwidt
h
im
pro
vem
ent
and
sh
ifti
ng
of
re
so
na
nt
fr
e
qu
e
nc
y
to
highe
r
f
r
equ
e
ncy
re
gi
on
at
th
ree
f
re
quenc
y
bands
are
obse
rv
e
d,
but
ga
in
i
m
pr
ovem
ent
occ
urred
at
thir
d
f
re
qu
e
ncy
ba
nd.
T
he
860
-
960M
Hz
IS
M
ba
nd
is
util
iz
ed
f
or
p
a
ssive
UHF
RF
ID
in
dif
fer
e
nt
co
un
t
ries.
So
first
band
0.8
6135
-
0.9
0821
with
ce
nter
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
0.884
12G
Hz
i
s
su
it
able
for
RFID
ap
plica
ti
on.
T
he
tw
o
hi
gh
e
r
ba
nds
2.18
22
-
2.3
955
with
ce
nter
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
2.278
GH
z
a
nd
3.5
959
-
3.8
054
with
cent
er
fr
e
quency
3.695
2
G
Hz
are
su
it
able
f
or
WL
AN
/
W
i
MAX
app
li
cat
io
n
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
CPW
fed
SRR
loade
d mon
opol
e a
nte
nna
f
or
t
riple b
and o
pe
ra
ti
ons
(
Smit
ha K.
M
.)
3149
Figure
4. Ra
di
at
ion
patte
rns i
n diff
e
re
nt p
la
nes
at
0.8
8414
GH
z
Figure
5.
Ra
di
at
ion
patte
rns i
n diff
e
re
nt p
la
nes
at
f=2.7
87
GH
z
Figure
6. Ra
di
at
ion
patte
rns i
n diff
e
re
nt p
la
nes
at
f=3.6
98
7GHz
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
3
,
J
une
2020
:
3145
-
3151
3150
Table
3
.
C
om
par
iso
n
c
har
t
of
the pr
opos
e
d
a
nten
na
a
nd r
ec
ently
p
ubli
sh
e
d pa
per f
or tripl
e b
a
nd ope
rati
on
s
Para
m
eter
Ref
.[
2
4
]
Ref
.[
2
5
]
Prop
o
sed
W
o
rk
Res
o
n
an
t f
requ
en
c
y
(G
Hz)
2
.45
,
3
.5an
d
5.5
2
.45
,
3
.5an
d
5.5
0
.89
4
1
,
2
.27
an
d
3
.70
1
Gain
(
d
Bi)
3
.73
,
3
.2 an
d
4.2
2
.1,
2
and
2.9
8
2
.98
,
5
.66
and
8.9
1
Size(
m
m
2
)
25x
18
40x
36
154x
100
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
This
wor
k
has
presente
d
a
CP
W
fed
SR
R
loade
d
pla
na
r
m
on
op
ole
a
nten
na
with
ta
per
e
d
SRR
.
Taper
i
ng
ha
s
been
de
velo
pe
d
with
e
dg
es
of
non
-
un
if
or
m
di
m
ension
s
base
d
on
the
curre
nt
an
d
vo
lt
age
distrib
ution
in
the
SRR
str
uctu
re.
By
thi
s
m
od
ific
at
ion,
the
band
widt
h
is
i
m
pr
ove
d
an
d
t
he
res
on
a
nt
fr
e
qu
e
ncies
ar
e
sh
ifte
d
to
wards
a
higher
f
re
qu
e
ncy
side.
T
his
strong
a
nd
wide
band
res
onance
is
re
qu
i
r
ed
in
m
any
app
li
cat
ion
s
–
t
he
lo
wer
band
ca
n
be
use
d
f
or
U
HF
RFID
ap
plica
ti
ons
a
nd
hi
gh
e
r
bands
a
re
a
ppli
cable
to
W
L
AN
/
Wi
MAX
a
p
plica
ti
on
s.
F
urt
her
m
od
ific
at
ions
will
le
ad
to
an
i
ncr
ease
in
ba
ndwidt
h
an
d
m
ul
ti
ban
d cha
r
act
erist
ic
s.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
Bal
ani
s
C.
A.
,
"
Antenna
the
or
y
a
n
aly
sis
and
d
esi
gn,
3rd
edition,
"
W
il
et
ersc
ie
n
ce
p
ubli
c
at
ion
3
rd
,
20
05
.
[2]
R.
Za
ke
r
and
A.
Abdipour,
"A
Ver
y
Com
pac
t
Ultra
wid
eband
Printe
d
Omnidi
re
ct
ion
al
Monopole
Antenn
a,
"
in
IE
EE A
nt
enna
s and
Wireless
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ropagation
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rs
,
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1
-
473,
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.
[3]
Yong
-
Sun
Shin,
Seong
-
Ook
Par
k
and
Manja
i
L
ee
,
"A
broa
dba
nd
int
eri
or
ant
e
nna
of
pla
nar
m
onopole
t
y
p
e
i
n
handse
ts
,
"
in
IE
EE
Ant
ennas
an
d
Wireless
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on
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tt
ers
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,
H
.
R.
Hass
ani
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Moham
m
ad
al
i
ne
zha
d
,
"S
ma
ll
UW
B
Plana
r
Monopole
Antenna
W
it
h
Add
ed
GP
S/G
SM
/WL
AN
Bands,
"
in
I
EE
E
Tr
ansacti
o
ns
on
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n
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G.
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ti
n
an
d
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A.
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i,
"Coplan
ar
W
ave
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e
-
Fed
U
nipl
an
ar
Tr
ape
z
oida
l
Ant
enna
W
it
h
Li
ne
ar
an
d
Circ
ul
ar
Polar
iza
ti
on,
"
in
I
EE
E
T
rans
act
ions o
n
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u,
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“
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CP
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fed
ci
rcu
l
arly
po
la
r
iz
ed
sq
uar
e
slot
ant
enn
a
with
li
ghtn
ing
-
shape
d
fe
ed
li
n
e
and
inve
rt
ed
-
L
grounde
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str
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V.G.
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ago
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"
The
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trod
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amic
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ta
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ul
ta
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u
sl
y
Neg
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es
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a
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ult
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ult
ane
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e
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ef
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i
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"A
compa
ct
and
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-
prof
i
le
m
et
amat
erial
ring
antenna
wit
h
ver
tical pol
ari
z
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" i
n
IE
EE A
n
te
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ire
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ateri
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ffic
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agne
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et
amate
r
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l
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ig
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y
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resona
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.
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et
amate
r
ia
l
-
B
ase
d
E
le
c
tr
ic
a
lly
Sm
al
l
M
ult
iba
nd
Planar
Monopole
Anten
nas,
" i
n
IEEE An
te
nnas and
W
ire
le
ss
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on
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[14]
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d
es
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G.
V.
El
ef
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ri
ade
s,
"
A
Broadba
nd
Dual
-
Mode
Monopole
Antenna
Us
ing
NRI
-
TL
Meta
m
at
er
ia
l
Lo
adi
ng,
"
in
I
EEE
Ant
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irel
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in
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d
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in
g
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n
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ic
row
ave
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wi
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d
D.
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,
"S
pli
t
R
ing
R
esona
tors
W
it
h
T
ape
r
ed
Strip
W
idt
h
f
or
W
ide
r
Bandwidth
and
Enha
n
c
ed
Resonanc
e
,
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I
EE
E
Mi
crowave
and
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ess
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ar
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ide
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band
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n
ar
m
onopole
ant
en
nas,
"
in
IE
EE
Tr
ansacti
ons
on
Ant
ennas
and
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opagati
on
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Ahdi
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a
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CP
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Fed
Plana
r
Monopol
e
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wi
th
W
ide
Circ
ula
r
Polari
zation
Bandwidt
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"
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IEE
E
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as
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ess
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e
ll
er
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,
"
RF
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o
–
fre
q
uency
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nt
ifica
t
ion,
funda
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enta
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tions
,
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ti
o
n,
W
il
e
y
,
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[20]
Ahm
ed
El
Ham
r
aoui
,
E
L
Hass
ane
Abdelmounim
,
Jam
al
Zbi
tou,
Ham
id
Benni
s,
Moham
ed
La
trach,
"
A
New Design
of
a
CP
W
-
Fed
Dual
-
Band
M
onopole
Antenn
a
for
RF
ID
Rea
der
s,
"
Int
ernat
ional
Journal
o
f
El
e
ct
ri
cal
an
d
Computer
Engi
n
ee
ring (
IJE
C
E)
,
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.
2
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Apr
.
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[21]
Nira
nja
n
V.
,
A.
K.
Saxena
,
and
K.V.
Srivasta
va
,
"
CP
W
-
fed
slot
pat
ch
an
te
nn
a
fo
r
5.
2/5.
8
GH
z
W
LAN
appl
ic
a
ti
on
,
"
PIE
RS
Proc
ee
di
ngs
,
Kuala
Lum
pur,
Mal
a
y
s
ia,
p
p.
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–
1352
,
Mar
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2012
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
CPW
fed
SRR
loade
d mon
opol
e a
nte
nna
f
or
t
riple b
and o
pe
ra
ti
ons
(
Smit
ha K.
M
.)
3151
[22]
Li
ang
Dong,
Zhiy
a Zha
ng,
W
ang
Li
,
and
Guang F
u,
"
A Co
m
pac
t
CP
W
-
Fed
m
ono
pole
antenna
wit
h
tri
ple
bands
fo
r
W
LAN/W
iMA
X a
pplications,
"
Progress
In
Elec
tromagneti
cs
Res
earc
h
Letters
,
v
ol.
39
,
pp
.
103
-
1
13,
2013
.
[23]
P.L
.
Shu
and
Q.
Y.
Feng,
"
Com
pac
t
tri
-
band
m
on
opole
an
te
nna
w
it
h
a
p
ara
sit
ic
e
-
shape
d
strip
for
W
LAN/W
iMA
X
appl
i
ca
t
ions,
"
Pr
ogress
In
Elec
tr
omagneti
cs
Re
se
arch
C,
v
ol. 32,
pp.
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-
63
,
2012
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[24]
X.Q.
Zha
ng
,
Y.
-
C.
Jiao,
and
W
.
H.
W
ang,
"
Minia
ture
tr
iple
-
band
cpw
-
fed
m
onopole
antenna
for
W
LAN/W
iMA
X
appl
i
ca
t
ions,
"
Pr
ogress
In
Elec
tr
omagneti
cs
Re
se
arch
Letters
,
v
ol
.
31
,
pp
.
97
-
105
,
2012.
[25]
Le
ila
Chout
i,
I
dris
Mess
aoude
ne,
T
a
y
eb
A.
,
Denidni
,
and
Abdelmadji
d
B
en
ghal
i
a,
"
Tr
ipl
e
-
Band
CP
W
-
Fed
Monopole
Antenna
for
W
LAN/
W
iMAX
appl
icati
ons,
"
Progress
In
El
ec
tromagnetics
Re
search
Lett
ers
,
v
ol.
69,
pp.
1
–
7
,
2017
.
BIOGR
AP
H
I
ES
OF
A
UTH
ORS
Smitha
K.
M.
was
born
in
Ker
al
a
,
India
on
17
th
Marc
h
1978.
S
he
rec
e
ive
d
her
Bac
he
lor
'
s
degr
e
e
in
El
ectroni
cs
&
Comm
unic
at
ion
from
Cochi
n
U
nive
rsit
y
of
Science
and
Technol
og
y
Cochi
n
,
in
2002
and
a
Master
'
s
degr
e
e
i
n
Comm
unic
at
i
on
Sy
st
ems
from
Anna
Unive
rsit
y
,
Chennai,
Ta
m
il
nadu
,
Indi
a,
in
2012.
She
has
over
15
y
e
ar
s
of
expe
ri
ence
i
n
var
ious
profe
s
sional
inst
it
ut
ion
s
in
Kera
l
a
and
is
pre
sently
workin
g
as
Hea
d
of
the
Depa
rtment
of
El
e
ct
roni
cs
and
Com
m
unic
at
ion,
KM
EA
Engi
neering
Coll
eg
e,
Kera
la,
India.
She
is
cur
ren
tly
pursuing
her
Ph.D.
degr
ee
i
n
Microwa
ve
El
e
ct
roni
cs
at
Sch
ool
of
T
ec
hnol
og
y
&
Applied
Scie
nc
es,
M
aha
tm
a
Gandh
i
Univer
isit
y
R
egional
Cen
te
r
,
Ed
appa
l
l
y
,
Koch
i.
Her
cur
ren
t
ar
eas
of
rese
arc
h
in
cl
ude
CP
W
fed
m
onopole
ant
en
nas
and
m
ic
rostrip
ant
enn
as
with
fra
ctals
and
m
etam
at
erials,
EMC
/E
MI,
etc.
She
i
s
a
li
f
e
m
ember
of
the
Instit
u
te
of
El
e
ct
roni
cs
and
Te
l
ec
om
m
unic
ation
Engi
ne
ers
an
d
the
Instit
u
ti
on
of
Engi
n
ee
rs,
In
dia
.
Te
l: (+
91)
9497
545701
E
-
m
ai
l: sm
it
har
i
y
a
z@gm
ai
l
.
com
Aju
John
K.
K
.
was
born
in
Ke
ral
a
,
Indi
a
on
30
th
Ma
y
1984.
He
re
ce
iv
ed
his
B
ac
he
lor
'
s
Degre
e
in
Elec
tron
ic
s
fr
om
the
Univer
si
t
y
of
K
era
l
a,
in
2004
and
MS
c
i
n
El
e
ct
roni
cs
fro
m
Bhara
thi
dasa
n
Univer
sit
y
,
Thi
r
uchi
rap
p
al
l
y
in
2
006
and
MTe
ch
in
Elec
troni
cs
fr
om
Cochi
n
Univ
ersity
of
Sc
ie
n
ce
and
Technol
og
y,
Cochi
n
,
in
20
10.
He
is
cur
re
ntly
pursuing
h
is
Ph.D.
Degre
e
in
Microwa
ve
El
e
ct
roni
cs
at
School
of
Techno
log
y
&
Appl
ie
d
Scie
nc
es,
Mah
atm
a
Gandhi
Univ
eri
sit
y
R
egi
on
al
Cent
er
,
Eda
pp
all
y
,
Kochi.
His
cur
ren
t
areas
of
rese
arc
h
include
RF
ID
Ta
g
and
Antenna
s,
Meta
m
at
er
ia
ls
a
nd
Meta
surfa
ce
s
,
e
tc
Te
l: (+
91)
7012
078164
E
-
m
ai
l:
aj
u
johnk
k@gm
ai
l.
com
Th
omaskutty
Mat
he
w
was
bo
rn
in
Kera
l
a,
Ind
ia
on
30
th
Ma
y
1
967.
He
recei
v
ed
his
Ph.D.
Degre
e
in
Microwa
ve
E
le
c
troni
cs
from
Cochi
n
Univer
si
t
y
of
Sci
ence
a
nd
Te
chnol
og
y
Cochi
n,
Indi
a
in
1997.
From
199
5
to
1999
he
wo
rke
d
as
a
Le
ct
ur
er
in
Ph
y
sics
at
Christ
Coll
ege,
I
rinj
alakuda
,
Indi
a.
From
1999
to
2018,
he
work
ed
as
a
f
ac
ul
t
y
of
the
Dep
artm
ent
of
El
e
ct
r
onic
s,
School
o
f
Te
chno
log
y
&
Applie
d
Scie
n
ces
,
Maha
tma
Gandhi
Univer
sit
y
R
egi
ona
l
Cent
er
,
Ed
appall
y
,
Koch
i,
India
.
Presently
,
he
is
working
a
s
an
As
socia
te
p
rofe
ss
or
in
Ph
y
s
ic
s
in
the
Schoo
l
of
Technol
og
y
,
GITAM
Univer
s
ity
,
Beng
al
uru
c
ampus
,
India
.
During
the
per
iod
2006
-
2008,
he
worked
as
a
Post
-
Doctor
al
Rese
ar
ch
As
socia
te
at
t
he
Depa
rtment
o
f
E
le
ctronics,
U
nive
rsit
y
of
Kent
,
Cant
erb
ur
y
,
th
e
U.K.
His
cur
ren
t
are
a
of
r
ese
ar
ch
ac
ti
v
it
i
es
are
in
Microstri
p
an
te
n
nas,
Rada
r
Cross
Sect
ion
,
RF
ID,
W
ire
le
ss
Sensor
Networks,
et
c
.
He
is
a
m
ember
of
the
IEE
E
Ant
en
nas
and
propa
gation
socie
t
y
and
IET
(U
.
K).
Te
l: (+
91)
9048
1
08856
E
-
m
ai
l: drt
km
athew@gm
ai
l.
co
m
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