Internati
o
nal
Journal of Ele
c
trical
and Computer
Engineering
(IJE
CE)
V
o
l.
5, N
o
. 5
,
O
c
tob
e
r
201
5, p
p
. 1
128
~113
3
I
S
SN
: 208
8-8
7
0
8
1
128
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: h
ttp
://iaesjo
u
r
na
l.com/
o
n
lin
e/ind
e
x.ph
p
/
IJECE
Wireless mote based Explosive
detection Land Rover using EC
Sensor (WEDLRE)
V
.
Ma
na
sa, K.
Ra
ghava
R
ao
Department o
f
Electronics
and C
o
mputer
Engin
e
ering, KL Univ
ersity
, Ind
i
a
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received Apr 24, 2015
Rev
i
sed
Jun
12,
201
5
Accepted
Jun 29, 2015
As continues attacks in
the world from
terrorists
countries warning us to be
aware of those
such atta
cks lik
e Explos
ive a
t
t
a
cks, hija
cks etc
.
, which will
cause huge d
a
mage to th
e lif
e and property
in
all over
the wor
l
d. Among
these exp
l
osive
attacks is
most effective to life
a
nd wealth of
a
countr
y
. To
overcome such
attacks and
to s
a
ve
th
e
life intense resear
ches h
a
s done to
know the character
i
zation of the expl
osives,
Detection Meth
ods are also
improvised. To
save our next
gene
ra
tion and
es
cape from
thr
eats
a n
e
w
dete
ction
m
e
tho
dolog
y has
b
een
im
plem
ented
to
det
ect
the
exp
l
os
ives
at
al
l
places and the proposed sy
stem is called “Wireless E
xplosive detection Land
Rover using ECS”. In this s
y
stem chemi
cal s
e
ns
ors
,
Quartz s
e
ns
ors
etc.
, ar
e
used on th
e motes. B
y
using
th
e
RF Ca
mera
a co
ntinuous surveillance can b
e
done throughout
the places lik
e
m
a
lls, room
s,
houses, streets,
etc
., if an
y
explos
ive is
det
ect
ed then with
out an
y
d
e
la
y t
h
e explos
ive lo
cat
ion an
d
tim
eout to explo
d
e and area th
at
effect if explod
e detai
l
s will be
sent to the
Police con
t
rol r
oom
to diffuse the e
xplod
e device with in
time. A message
will
also be
sent
to th
e n
earb
y
ho
spitals to
res
c
ue
the p
e
ople
.
Keyword:
EC Sensor
Ex
pl
osi
v
e
&
E
xpl
ode
Det
ect
i
o
n
GPS/Zi
gBee
Land Rove
r
W
i
reless C
o
mm
u
n
i
catio
n
Copyright ©
201
5 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
V. M
a
nasa,
Depa
rt
m
e
nt
of
El
ect
roni
cs
an
d C
o
m
put
er E
n
gi
nee
r
i
n
g,
KL Uni
v
er
sity
,
I
ndia
1.
INTRODUCTION
As we are in c
o
untry where t
h
e a
ttack
s co
mes fro
m
th
e terrorist co
un
tries to
affect co
un
t
r
ies wealth
;
there are m
a
ny reasons to propos
e this
system are spreadi
n
g of terrorism
in the world
ha
s alar
m
e
d across the
g
l
ob
e to
b
e
reliab
l
e d
e
tectio
n
o
f
t
h
e explo
s
iv
es to
save life an
d
wealth
o
f
co
un
try. [1
] Th
is ten
d
s
t
o
researc
h
er
s t
o
resea
r
ch
o
n
t
h
e e
xpl
osi
v
es
an
d e
x
pl
osi
v
e det
ect
i
o
n
u
s
i
n
g
va
ri
o
u
s t
echni
que
s a
n
d
ne
w
meth
o
d
o
l
og
y also
inv
e
n
t
ed
for d
e
tection
.
To
en
su
re a
h
i
gh
secu
rity syste
m
to
secure life
of p
e
op
le and
wealth
a “
W
i
r
el
ess
E
x
pl
osi
v
e
det
ect
i
o
n
La
nd
R
o
ver
usi
n
g
EC
Se
ns
or”
i
s
p
r
op
ose
d
.
A
W
S
N are of sm
all nodes which can
be m
o
re feasi
b
le
to use, m
o
re sens
itive to the sensing objects,
co
m
p
u
t
atio
n
,
less wei
g
h
t
. The sen
s
ors
wh
ich
are
u
s
ed
o
n
th
e
n
o
d
e
s m
eas
u
r
es th
e ex
act
co
nd
itio
ns
related
t
o
th
e situ
ation
aro
und
t
h
e sen
s
ors an
d co
nv
erts to
t
h
e el
ectri
cal sig
n
a
l.
Usin
g of
sen
s
or network
s
th
ere will
b
e
t
r
em
endous
ad
vant
a
g
es
w
h
i
c
h
of
fer
t
r
adi
t
i
onal
ce
nt
ral
i
z
e
d
a
p
p
r
oaches
.
Som
e
of
t
h
e
m
are effi
ci
en
cy
i
n
com
m
uni
cat
i
on, t
r
ac
ki
n
g
t
h
e
t
a
rget
, e
ffi
ci
e
n
t
net
w
o
r
k
a
n
d [2] power
usage etc.,
som
e
of t
h
e a
ppli
cations
wh
ere
the WSN will
b
e
u
s
ed are
en
v
i
ron
m
e
n
tal
m
o
n
ito
ring
,
and
Ind
u
strial d
i
agn
o
stics,
in
m
e
d
i
cal fiel
d
an
d in
Battle field
etc. On
e
o
f
th
e m
a
j
o
r
p
r
o
s
of
WSN is it
can
d
e
tect an
d track
th
e static an
d m
o
v
a
b
l
e obj
ects.
2.
EX
PLOSIV
ES AND
ITS CLA
SSIFICA
TION
Exp
l
o
s
iv
es are th
e co
m
b
in
atio
n
of N
2
, carbo
n,
H
2
and O
2
wh
ich
fo
rm
s an
exp
l
osion
.
Th
is resu
lts a
sud
d
e
n
rel
ease of
g
r
eat
heat
an
d p
r
ess
u
re
.
[3]
T
h
ese e
x
pl
osi
v
es
have
vari
ous
b
u
r
n
i
n
g rat
e
s
base
d
on
t
h
e
ex
p
l
o
s
iv
es are classified
as
b
e
low
.
Blasts i
n
Ind
i
a
fro
m
b
e
g
i
nn
ing
stag
es to
till no
w
57
o
ccurred and
1
870
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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08
I
J
ECE Vo
l. 5
,
N
o
. 5
,
O
c
tob
e
r
20
15
:
112
8
–
11
33
1
129
people are
fata
lities. A
m
ong
all the expl
osives the RDX,
HMT, TNB, TNT are m
a
jorly
use
d
by the
attackers
.
The classificati
o
n is s
h
own in
Figure
1.
Fi
gu
re 1.
C
l
assi
fi
cat
i
on of
Ex
pl
osi
v
es
Due t
o
low
volatility of explosi
v
es,
polymers etc., so
to m
onitor suc
h
elem
ents
they will accum
u
late the
sensing elem
ents of the
detect
ors
.
3.
DAT
A AN
AL
YSIS
A
N
D
C
H
A
R
A
C
TERI
Z
ATION
OF
E
X
PLOSI
V
E
S
For
t
h
e
det
ect
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e e
xpl
osi
v
es
we
ha
v
e
va
ri
o
u
s m
e
t
hod
ol
o
g
i
e
s
bef
o
re
defi
ni
ng
t
h
i
s
we
ha
ve t
o
kn
o
w
t
h
e c
h
ar
act
eri
zat
i
on
of
expl
osi
v
e
s
i
n
vari
ous
pa
ra
meters like che
m
ical, physical, acoustic, therm
a
l,
mechanical and Electrom
a
gnetic propertie
s ha
ve t
o
a
n
alyze. By detailed and s
u
c
cessful analyz
ing
of
ch
aracteristics o
f
ex
p
l
o
s
iv
es
will h
e
lp
fo
r
d
e
tectio
n
o
f
an
y typ
e
o
f
exp
l
o
s
i
v
es and
can
easily d
e
v
e
lo
p
th
e
sensi
n
g t
e
c
hni
que
s [
4
]
,
[5]
3.
1 Mech
ani
c
al
A
n
al
ysi
s
of
E
x
pl
osi
v
es
This type
of
a
n
alysis of will also re
fer as
Surf
ace a
d
hesion which
will play a critical role in thei
r
det
ect
i
o
n
o
f
e
xpl
osi
v
es
. B
e
a
udi
on
et
al
.
re
searche
d
a
n
d
f
o
u
n
d
out
t
h
e
vd
W
f
o
rces
b
y
m
i
ti
gat
i
ng
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
electro
static and
cap
illary wh
i
c
h
g
i
v
e
s t
h
e effect of d
i
fferent
m
i
l
itary ex
p
l
o
s
iv
es li
k
e
TNT, RDX,
HM
X etc.,
Th
e m
easu
r
emen
t of t
h
is fo
rce will b
e
p
e
rform
e
d
u
s
ing
an
Ato
m
ic fo
rce micro
s
cop
y
, [4
], [5
]
AFM and
sim
u
l
a
t
e
d wi
t
h
t
h
e
v
d
W
f
o
rc
e base
d a
d
hesi
on
m
odel
an
d
com
posi
t
e
effe
ct
i
v
e Ham
a
ker
co
nst
a
nt
.
F
r
o
m
hi
s
studies we
well knew that
how the ex
plosi
v
e reaction will be there
on
vari
ous surfaces like sm
ooth or
porous
or
ha
rd
s
u
r
f
ace
s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ECE
I
S
SN
:
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8-8
7
0
8
Wi
rel
e
ss m
o
t
e
bas
ed
Expl
osi
v
e det
ect
i
o
n L
a
nd
R
o
ver
usi
n
g
EC
Se
ns
or (
W
EDLR
E)
(V.
Ma
na
sa
)
1
130
3.
2 P
h
ysi
c
al
A
n
al
ysi
s
Th
is typ
e
o
f
an
alysis will also
b
e
referred
as
Surface m
o
rp
ho
log
y
, t
o
kno
w th
e
p
h
y
sical an
alysis o
f
expl
osi
v
es
gi
v
e
s a sh
oc
ki
n
g
and
det
onat
i
o
n
pr
o
p
ert
i
e
s. T
h
i
s
bri
ngs a
g
r
e
a
t
i
n
t
e
rest
am
ong t
h
e
researc
h
ers i
n
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g
exp
l
o
s
i
v
es with
in
sen
s
itiv
e p
r
operties fo
r stor
ag
e and
tran
sport p
u
rpo
s
es. Maj
o
rity o
f
wo
rk g
o
i
ng
o
n
t
h
e RDX
an
d
PETN wh
ich
are h
i
g
h
l
y stab
le an
d
cr
ystallin
e h
i
gh
exp
l
o
s
i
v
es.
So
m
e
tech
n
i
qu
es are
in
trodu
ced
to
co
m
p
reh
e
n
d
the
m
ech
an
ism
o
f
in
itiatio
n
and
d
e
ton
a
tion
co
m
e
fro
m th
e co
rrelated
to
den
s
ity,
surface area,
particle size and crystal m
o
rphol
ogy,
AFM
and
scanning
of electro m
i
crosc
opy (SEM). This
m
o
rp
ho
log
y
will p
l
ay a cru
c
i
a
l in
d
e
tection
o
f
exp
l
o
s
i
v
es
t
h
e
d
a
ta of it will g
i
v
e
th
e sp
ecificatio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e life
vap
o
r
,
pre
ssu
re
, de
nsi
t
y
et
c.
[6
]
,
[7]
3.
3 Aco
u
sti
c
A
n
al
ysi
s
Using
th
is an
alysis we can
determin
e th
e “Dam
ag
e”.[8
],
[9
]
Wh
ile transp
orting
th
e ex
p
l
o
s
iv
es if
an
yth
i
ng
th
en
th
ere
will b
e
hu
g
e
d
a
m
a
g
e
an
d
d
e
g
r
ad
a
tion. Thu
s
it resu
lts for th
e evo
l
utio
n
of
n
e
w
d
a
mag
e
en
erg
e
tic m
a
te
rials su
ch
as
SEM, AE (Acoustic E
m
issio
n
)
will b
e
used to ev
alu
a
te t
h
e da
m
a
g
e
b
y
PB
Xs. AE
will b
e
m
o
re help
fu
l to
rev
e
l
th
e fu
ll field
d
a
m
a
g
e
d
i
stribu
tio
n on
PBX
an
d fo
und
DL b
a
n
d
. By th
is b
a
nd
th
er
e is a goo
d
scop
e to f
i
nd
t
h
e
n
on-
lin
ear
b
e
havi
or
an
d st
r
u
ct
u
r
al
ev
ol
ut
i
o
n
.
4.
METHODS FOR DETECT
I
NG
OF
E
X
PLOSIVES
A n
u
m
b
er of
great
p
r
ocee
di
ngs
hav
e
bee
n
do
ne o
n
t
h
e i
ndi
vi
d
u
al
m
o
d
e
s of ex
pl
osi
v
es det
ect
i
on.
There
t
o
det
ect
suc
h
t
y
pe
o
f
e
xpl
osi
v
es
we
h
a
ve
vari
ous
m
e
th
o
l
og
ies and
t
o
m
a
in
tain
h
i
gh
alert security in
th
e
mass areas like airports, t
h
e
a
tres m
a
lls etc
.
Som
e
of
the
detecting tec
h
nics a
r
e Spectrosc
opic a
p
proaches,
usi
n
g C
a
ni
nes
,
Vari
ou
s Se
n
s
ors
,
an
d
QC
M
M
e
t
hod et
c. Fo
r det
ect
i
ng t
h
e e
x
pl
o
s
i
v
es we
ha
d
m
a
n
y
t
echni
q
u
es
l
i
k
e
Spect
rosc
o
p
i
c
t
echni
q
u
es
, Se
nso
r
t
e
c
hni
que
s et
c.,[
1
0
]
4.1 Spectr
o
sc
opic Approaches
These types of approac
h
es wi
ll show hi
gh se
nsitiv
ities of expl
osive traces in
m
i
nute quantity. Som
e
o
f
th
e tech
n
i
q
u
e
s are Ion Mo
b
ility sp
ectro
sco
p
y
,
Mass Sp
ectroscop
y, Terah
e
rtz Sp
ectro
sco
p
y
,
IR
Spectrosc
opy,
LID spectroscopy etc.,
IMS (Io
n Mob
ility Sp
ectrosco
p
y
) [11
]
, [12
]
, [13
]
is on
e of th
e m
o
st im
p
o
r
tan
t
and
wid
e
ly used
tech
n
i
qu
es
which
test th
e sam
p
le o
f
ex
p
l
osiv
es in
q
u
alitativ
ely an
d
q
u
an
titativ
ely. Th
e work
i
n
g
o
f
it well
k
nown as m
o
bilit
y o
f
i
o
ns
with
th
e
g
a
ses
with
th
e el
ectric field
.
Th
e sa
m
p
le v
a
p
o
rs
are ion
i
zed wi
th
th
e
at
m
o
sp
h
e
ric
p
r
essu
re th
en
t
h
e drift ti
m
e
s are
related
to th
e
mass o
f
th
e i
o
ns b
y
d
e
term
in
in
g th
e m
a
ss rat
i
o
.
M
a
ss Spe
c
t
r
o
s
copy
i
s
t
h
e
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
det
ect
i
o
n
m
e
t
hod
fo
r
expl
osi
v
e
.
It
m
a
i
n
l
y
use
d
f
o
r
t
h
e sec
u
ri
t
y
and
fo
re
nsi
c
anal
y
s
i
s
whi
c
h
wo
ul
d i
n
v
o
l
v
e
t
h
e su
bst
a
nce
o
f
in
terest either b
e
ing
with
in a co
m
p
lex
sam
p
le o
r
abs
o
rbed
upon a
surface
.[14], [15]
THz Sp
ectro
sco
p
y
[16
]
is th
e d
e
tectio
n an
al
ysis o
f
exp
l
o
s
i
v
es, t
h
e
wav
e
s will b
e
p
e
n
e
t
r
ate th
ro
ugh
man
y
n
o
n
-
po
lar d
i
electric m
a
t
e
rials. Th
e rang
e
o
f
THz
w
ill b
e
0
.
1
to
10
THz rad
i
ation
as a pro
s
p
ectiv
e
sen
s
o
r
and im
aging a
g
ent
for t
h
e
det
ection
of the c
onceale
d
e
x
plosive s
ubsta
nce
IR S
p
ectroscopy is that
whi
c
h sam
p
les and
passe
d through an
IR
bea
m
and abs
o
rbs
at specific
wav
e
len
g
t
h
all
o
wi
n
g
d
e
tection
o
f
m
a
n
y
p
a
rticles. Se
n
s
itiv
ity an
d sp
ecificity is th
e m
a
j
o
r
d
r
awb
ack [1
7
]
5.
CHE
M
IC
AL SENSO
R
TE
CH
NOLO
GI
ES
Th
is typ
e
of tech
no
log
y
will b
e
m
o
re u
s
efu
l
for th
e ex
p
l
o
r
i
n
g
th
e exp
l
o
s
iv
es i
n
ou
r
su
rroun
d
i
ng
places with l
o
w cost
, hi
ghly
trans
f
era
b
le,
with m
o
re
accurate inform
ation a
b
out th
e
e
xpl
orations.
T
h
e m
a
in
pri
n
ciple of the chem
ical sen
s
or will be som
e
imm
obiliz
ed active ions will recognize the explosi
v
e if it there.
[18
]
After those recog
n
ition will b
e
sim
p
l
i
fied
m
o
re in
t
o
o
t
h
e
r
form
t
o
g
e
t in m
eas
u
r
ab
le co
n
t
en
t. For
an
in
stan
ce, TNT
is o
n
e
of th
e
hig
h
l
y u
s
ed
expl
o
s
iv
e wh
ich
will b
e
a co
m
p
o
und
m
i
x
i
n
g
of N
2
gr
oup
s,
wh
en
it
reacts the
n
we
can see t
h
e c
o
lor cha
n
ges i
n
it. The
ch
ec
mical structre of eac
h e
xpl
os
ive is shown
below i
n
fig
u
re 2.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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:
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8
–
11
33
1
131
Fi
gu
re 2.
St
r
u
c
t
ure of
explosive c
h
em
icals
5.1 Electr
o
Chemical Sens
or
[EC Sens
or
]
In t
h
ese EC Sens
or
gene
rally they are classified in
to
v
a
rio
u
s
ty
p
e
s. Th
ey are a) Po
ten
t
io
m
e
tric, b)
Am
p
e
ro
m
e
tric, c) C
o
ndu
ctometric b
a
sed
o
n
th
eir appr
oach
cap
a
b
ilitie
s. Th
ese sen
s
o
r
are v
e
ry sen
s
itiv
e,
inexpensible,
with via
b
le mi
niaturiza
tion [19],
[20]. The
s
e sens
or will have an a
p
proac
h
of reacting
with the
ch
em
ical
in
R
E
DOX
o
p
e
ratio
n
m
o
d
e
. Th
e
figu
re sh
own
in
fig
3
T
h
e
ou
t
p
u
t
will b
e
in
electrical
m
o
d
e
so
du
e
to
th
e REDOX reactio
n
s
with th
e n
itro
co
m
p
o
und
s th
ey lend
th
em
selv
es to
th
e Electro
C
h
em
ical
d
e
tecti
o
n. In
every EC
sens
or we
ha
ve t
h
ree m
a
jo
r
parts. [21] T
h
ey are
as follows
a.
Gas Perm
eab
le
m
e
m
b
ran
e
: Th
is is u
s
ed
t co
v
e
r th
e sensing electro
d
e
of th
e sen
s
o
r
, in
so
m
e
cases
it
will
avoi
d the
ga
s
m
o
lecules to re
aching the
s
u
rface of the
electrode.
b.
El
ect
rod
e
:
In t
h
e m
a
nufact
ur
i
ng o
f
t
h
e EC
senso
r
t
h
e sel
ect
i
on o
f
el
ect
ro
de i
d
ve
ry
i
m
port
a
nt
. It
i
s
a
catalyzed
m
a
te
rial whic
h will perform
s
the half-cell reaction over its lif
e time. Based on the desi
gn
of the
sen
s
o
r
t
h
e electrod
e
wh
ich
you
u
s
e
will b
e
d
i
fferen
t
.
c.
Electrolyte: It is the fluid
where the
ove
rall cell/s
ensor
re
action will takes place through t
h
e electrodes
effectively
Fi
gu
re
3.
Ex
pl
osi
v
e
A
n
al
y
s
i
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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8-8
7
0
8
Wi
rel
e
ss m
o
t
e
bas
ed
Expl
osi
v
e det
ect
i
o
n L
a
nd
R
o
ver
usi
n
g
EC
Se
ns
or (
W
EDLR
E)
(V.
Ma
na
sa
)
1
132
6.
DRAWB
A
CKS IN THE E
X
ISTING SYSTEM
Presen
tly u
s
ing
d
e
v
i
ces fo
r t
h
e exp
l
o
s
i
v
e detectio
n
will rep
r
esen
ts on
ly o
n
e
layer
o
f
d
e
fen
s
e. Th
ese
d
e
v
i
ces will be o
p
e
rated
b
y
th
e well train
e
d
p
e
o
p
l
e, duri
n
g
th
e d
e
tection
o
f
ex
p
l
o
s
iv
e if it
ex
p
l
od
e we can
l
o
se a
g
o
o
d
a
n
al
y
s
t
.
[2
1]
, [
2
2
]
. Ot
he
r t
h
a
n
t
h
i
s
we
ha
ve
ot
h
e
r
dra
w
bac
k
s
a
l
so as
bel
o
w
a.
Id
en
tifyin
g
th
e m
a
terial in
Am
b
i
g
u
ity
b.
The pe
opl
e w
o
n’t
ha
ve pr
ope
r
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e o
n
expl
osi
v
es
c.
To
an
alyze th
e
ex
p
l
o
s
iv
e it wi
ll tak
e
m
o
re time p
e
riod
d.
It
w
o
n’t
have
a
n
y
deci
si
on
m
a
ki
n
g
whet
her
i
t
i
s
an
ex
pl
osi
v
e o
r
ot
her
7.
PROPOSE
D
THEME FOR TH
E E
X
PL
OSIVE
DETECTION
In t
h
e
pr
o
pose
d
t
h
em
e we ar
e m
a
i
n
l
y
conc
ent
r
at
e
on t
h
e
det
ect
i
on
o
f
e
x
pl
osi
v
es i
n
l
e
ss am
ount
o
f
ti
m
e
with
lo
w co
st and
po
wer and
with
less
m
a
n
u
a
l p
o
we
r
and m
a
nual
er
ro
r. T
h
e Exact
Ide
n
t
i
f
i
cat
i
on
of t
h
e
ex
p
l
o
s
iv
e can
b
e
easily d
e
fined
.
Th
e system co
n
s
ists o
f
Data Acqu
isitio
n
wh
ich
will b
e
m
a
in
tain
ed
b
y
th
e
LAB VIE
W
.
Here
whole
da
ta can be m
a
intained as a text
file with
th
e ti
me b
a
sis.
Risk com
p
arison a
n
alysis
can
be s
h
ow
n i
n
t
h
e
bel
o
w
t
a
b
l
e 1 i
n
t
r
ac
ki
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
ex
pl
osi
v
es
Tabl
e 1.
E
x
pl
o
s
i
v
e dect
ect
i
o
n
i
n
vari
ous
sy
st
em
s
Analy
z
er
Distr
action
Cr
eation of bo
m
b
Ar
r
i
ving to spot
L
i
fe r
i
sk
Sniffer
Dog
M
o
r
e
than 50%
Can’
t be detected
Slow
High
Hu
m
a
n exper
t
Near
ly
20%
Can’
t be detected
Fast
High
E
xper
t
sy
ste
m
L
e
ss than 5%
Can be detected
Alr
eady sensing
No
How th
e Track
i
ng
o
f
exp
l
o
s
iv
es can b
e
don
e is as
fo
llows. M
o
st of the exp
l
o
s
iv
es will h
a
v
e
l
o
w
press
u
re, wi
t
h
ro
om
t
e
m
p
erature
.
When t
h
e sens
or se
nse t
h
e radi
at
i
on
of t
h
e ex
pl
osi
v
es
wi
t
h
t
h
e i
n
fo
r
m
at
i
on
will b
e
n
o
t
ed
th
ro
ugh
th
e LAB View an
al
ysis th
en
th
is
is will b
e
co
mp
ared
with
t
h
e v
a
lu
es
o
f
p
r
essu
re,
te
m
p
eratu
r
e, vap
o
r
o
f
ch
em
ic
als. If an
y exp
l
o
s
iv
e
w
ill b
e
detected
th
en
w
i
th
in
no
tim
e th
en
through
th
e
GSM
it will sen
d
th
e
m
e
ssag
e
to
th
e n
e
arb
y
con
t
ro
l ro
o
m
an
d
th
e ho
sp
itals to
sav
e
th
e p
e
ople Th
en
we can
g
e
t
whet
her
any
e
x
pl
osi
v
e f
o
un
d
or
n
o
t
.
T
h
e
g
r
a
phi
cal
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
e
xpl
osi
v
e
d
e
t
ect
i
on i
s
s
h
o
w
n
bel
o
w
i
n
fi
gu
re
4.
Fi
gu
re
4.
The
gra
p
hi
cal
anal
y
s
i
s
of
t
h
e
ex
pl
o
s
i
v
e
det
ect
i
o
n
8.
CO
NCL
USI
O
N
From
this pa
per clea
rly explained about the cl
assi
fi
ca
t
i
on
of t
h
e e
xpl
osi
v
e m
a
t
e
ri
al
s an
d i
t
s
characte
r
ization
how they react
with the
othe
r c
h
em
ic
als. How the
wireless c
o
mmunication
will be
main
tain
ed
from
th
e sensors
with
the
GPS.
In th
is
we cl
ea
rly say about the clear det
ectio
n of exp
l
o
s
i
v
es with
high accuracy, with low c
o
st
device.
This device
will
more
useful in
the gat
h
ering
places, like communit
y
h
a
lls, airport etc. If an
y exp
l
o
s
iv
e
d
e
v
i
ce detects th
en
wit
h
in
n
o
tim
e t
h
rou
g
h
th
e
GSM a
m
e
ssag
e
will b
e
sent
t
o
t
h
e nea
r
by
co
nt
r
o
l
ro
o
m
of t
h
e pol
i
c
e
,
and
near
b
y
ho
sp
itals with
th
e ex
act lo
catio
n
v
a
lu
es. By t
h
is we
can easily trace the expl
osive
can easily di
ffuse that explosive. This
will be
m
o
re use
f
ul t
o
the pe
ople to save
th
e life
fro
m
v
a
riou
s attack
s. It is lik
e a land
rov
e
r.
Fu
t
u
re wo
rk
will b
e
con
tinu
e
d wit
h
th
e co
n
s
u
m
i
n
g th
e
po
we
r wit
h
the
solar
ene
r
gy
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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o
. 5
,
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c
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e
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–
11
33
1
133
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e
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.
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BIOGRAP
HI
ES OF
AUTH
ORS
V.
Manasa
,
M.
Te
c
h
stude
nt of KL Unive
r
sity
in
the Dept.
of Electronics and Computer
Engineering with the speciali
zation of
Wireless communicati
ons and Sensor Networks. I
rece
ived B
.
T
ech
degre
e
in
200
9 in
ECE.
As
I am
ver
y
fas
c
i
n
ate
res
e
arch
in
the
W
i
rel
e
s
s
Communications in routing n
a
tu
re of
networks.
K. Raghava Rao
, Professor in the Dept. of
Electronics & Compu
t
er Engg
. He is h
a
ving 15
y
e
ars
of experien
ce i
n
teach
ing for UG and P
G
engineer
ing s
t
ude
nts
and 3
y
e
ar
s
of S
o
ftware
Developm
ent
e
xperien
ce
in S
i
ngapore.
He re
ceiv
e
d B.
E (CS
E
) from
M
G
s
t
ate Univ
ers
i
t
y
,
M.Tech (CSE)
from RVP University
, Udai
p
u
r and Ph.D. (
C
SE) from Mahatma Gandhi
University
(Kas
i Vid
y
apeeth)
,
Varanasi, in
the
y
ears 1995, 20
05 and 2009 r
e
spectiv
ely
.
He
published sev
e
r
a
l p
a
pers in
national & internat
ional
confer
ences and journ
a
ls.
He published
3
text books
. Cur
r
ently
h
e
is car
r
y
ing
a DST
fu
nde
d project in
the
area of
Wireless sensor
networks-sensor web en
ablement. His resear
ch
inte
re
sts
a
r
e
Wire
le
ss se
nsor ne
tworks,
Embedded Sensor networks. He received a b
e
s
t
paper award
from
DS
T S
ecretar
y and B
e
s
t
Tea
c
her
award
f
r
om
KL Univers
i
t
y
He
is
als
o
member of sever
a
l technical organ
i
zations.
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