Internati
o
nal
Journal of Ele
c
trical
and Computer
Engineering
(IJE
CE)
V
o
l.
6, N
o
. 1
,
Febr
u
a
r
y
201
6,
pp
. 39
9
~
40
5
I
S
SN
: 208
8-8
7
0
8
,
D
O
I
:
10.115
91
/ij
ece.v6
i
1.9
339
3
99
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: h
ttp
://iaesjo
u
r
na
l.com/
o
n
lin
e/ind
e
x.ph
p
/
IJECE
A Daily Activity Monitoring Sy
s
t
em for In
tern
et of
Things-
Assisted Livingin
Home Area Networks
Hy
un-
S
ik
Ki
m*
,
Jo
ng
-Su Seo
*
, J
e
ong
w
oo
k Seo**
* School of
Electrical
and
Electr
onic
E
ngineerin
g, Yonsei University
, Korea
** Departmen
t
o
f
Information
an
d Communicatio
n Engin
eering
,
Namseoul University
, Korea
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received Aug 21, 2015
Rev
i
sed
No
v
15
, 20
15
Accepte
d Dec 3, 2015
In this pap
e
r,
a d
a
il
y
act
ivit
y m
o
nitori
ng s
y
s
t
em
for Intern
et of
Things (IoT)-
assisted liv
ing
in
home area n
e
tw
orks is
proposed
in ord
e
r to
prov
ide
car
e for
elder
l
y
peop
le
who live alon
e. The pr
oposed
s
y
stem consists
of two main
parts
:
an IoT-as
s
i
s
t
ed living s
p
a
ce with cont
act
l
e
s
s
activit
y s
e
ns
ors
,
a help
trigger
,
and an emergency
gateway
a
nd a daily
activity
monitoring server
witha rang
e of components including
data collection,
ev
en
t and user
management, activity
anal
y
s
is and reporting
,
and so on. The
contactless
act
ivit
y s
e
ns
ors
can be p
l
a
ced
a
n
y
wher
e in th
e
hom
e, and th
e
em
ergenc
y
gateway
collects data f
r
om th
em, de
tects emergency
s
ituatio
ns reported
through the h
e
lp trigger
,
and
comm
unicates
with the daily
activ
ity
m
onitoring s
e
rver. Th
e s
e
rver a
n
al
yz
es
and rep
o
rts
the dail
y
ac
tivit
ies
and
activity
p
a
tterns of elder
l
y
us
ers us
ing a predefined
activity index. I
n
addition
,
un
expe
cted
em
ergen
c
y situat
ions can
be estim
at
ed
an
d preven
ted
through an
aly
s
is
of th
e activity
information.
Keyword:
Activ
ity m
o
n
ito
ri
n
g
El
derl
y
pe
o
p
l
e
Healthcare
Hom
e
care
network
In
tern
et o
f
th
ing
s
Copyright ©
201
6 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
Jeon
gw
ook
Seo
,
Depa
rt
m
e
nt
of
In
fo
rm
at
i
on an
d C
o
m
m
uni
cati
on
En
gi
nee
r
i
n
g,
Nam
s
eoul
U
n
i
v
ersi
t
y
,
91
Dae
h
a
k
r
o
,
Seo
n
g
h
w
an
-e
u
p
, Seo
b
u
k
-
gu
, C
h
eo
na
n-si
,
C
h
u
n
gnam
,
So
ut
h Ko
rea.
Em
a
il: j
w
seo@n
s
u
.
ac.kr
1.
INTRODUCTION
In
20
1
3
, t
h
e
K
o
rea
n
M
i
ni
st
ry
of H
eal
t
h
an
d
Wel
f
are
re
po
rt
ed t
h
at
1.
1
2
m
i
l
l
i
on h
ouse
h
ol
ds co
nsi
s
t
e
d
o
f
el
d
e
rly p
e
op
le liv
ing
alone. A
20
11
repo
rt
o
f
Statistic
s Ko
rea estimated
th
at th
e
propo
rtion
o
f
t
h
e to
tal
population c
o
m
p
rised by the elderly (pe
opl
e ove
r the ag
e
of
65) woul
d reach 12.2%
in 2013
and
continuously
increase
to
24.3% i
n
2020 a
n
d
37.4%
i
n
20
50
. T
h
e
el
derl
y
ove
r t
h
e a
g
e
of
85
we
re e
x
pected to signifi
cantly
in
crease to
2
.
5% o
f
t
h
e pop
u
l
atio
n
in
2
030
an
d
7
.
7
%
i
n
205
0, fro
m
0
.
9% in
20
13
.
Ag
ing
still p
r
esen
ts
m
a
n
y
ch
allen
g
es to
th
e eld
e
rly
d
u
e to
li
m
itat
i
o
n
s in
th
ei
r ph
y
s
ical activ
ity,
ag
e-related
d
i
seases, an
d
cogn
itiv
e
d
eclin
e, althoug
h adv
a
n
ces in m
e
d
i
cin
e
h
a
ve en
ab
led
p
e
op
le to
liv
e long
er
[1
]. In
f
act, th
e el
d
e
r
l
y wh
o liv
e
alone
face m
a
ny li
m
ita
tions
in term
s of re
cognition an
d
response to t
h
eir daily activities and
risks. They
require full-time care pr
o
v
i
d
ed
by
fam
i
lies or h
o
m
e
health aides, b
u
t
m
o
st of th
em
suffer
fr
o
m
fam
ily
d
i
sorg
an
ization
,
l
o
w in
co
m
e
,
and
/
or
p
o
o
r
liv
ing
co
nd
itions.
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
addr
ess th
e
ser
i
ous so
cial pr
ob
lem
s
r
e
la
ted
to
th
e care of th
e
eld
e
rly and
o
t
her vu
ln
erab
le
groups
, increas
ing resea
r
c
h
has been de
vote
d to telecar
e syste
m
s and activity
m
onito
ring techni
que
s [2]-[6].
In fi
rst-gene
rat
i
on telecare syste
m
s, al
ar
m
s
were
directly generate
d in re
s
p
onse to
user-gene
r
ated em
erge
ncy
not
i
f
i
cat
i
o
ns.
I
n
ot
he
r
wo
r
d
s,
t
h
e
use
r
had
t
o
rec
o
gni
ze
a
n
em
ergency
s
i
t
u
at
i
on a
n
d
p
h
y
s
i
cal
l
y
ope
r
a
t
e
an
alarm
generator,
beca
use
sensor technology was not
u
tilized i
n
first-generation telecare system
s. The use
r
was
require
d
t
o
always
wea
r
the alarm
gene
rator,
wh
i
c
h c
o
m
m
uni
cat
ed w
i
t
h
eq
ui
pm
ent
l
i
nke
d t
o
t
h
e
wi
red
o
r
wireless phone
s in a hom
e. In contra
st, sec
o
nd-ge
neration telecare syste
m
s
exploited s
e
ns
or technol
ogy to
m
onitor the us
er and recognize e
m
erge
n
c
y
situ
atio
n
s
.
Ev
en
if th
e
u
s
er is
u
n
c
on
sciou
s
an
d
h
e
lp
less, the alarm
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-87
08
IJEC
E V
o
l
.
6, No
. 1, Feb
r
uar
y
20
1
6
:
39
9 – 40
5
40
0
g
e
n
e
rator is ab
le to
work au
to
m
a
tical
ly i
n
coop
eration
with
sen
s
ors.
At th
at po
in
t, pre
d
efi
n
ed
procedures
related
to
th
e alar
m
can
c
h
eck
th
e
u
s
er’s con
d
ition
,
mak
e
co
n
t
act
with
th
e d
e
sig
n
a
ted
g
u
a
rd
ian
and
em
ergency
a
g
enci
es, a
n
d
so
on
. T
h
i
r
d-
ge
nerat
i
o
n t
e
l
eca
re system
s are expected to
use sm
art home and
a
m
b
i
en
t assisted
liv
in
g
techn
o
l
o
g
i
es wit
h
ad
v
a
n
c
ed
sen
s
o
r
s, and
th
ey will b
e
i
m
p
r
ov
ed
to
m
o
n
itor an
d
m
a
nage t
h
e u
s
er’s l
i
v
i
n
g e
nvi
ro
nm
ent
.
Seco
nd
-
g
ene
r
at
i
on
sy
st
em
s provi
d
e
el
der care se
r
v
i
ces usi
ng
onl
y
dat
a
from
the sensors attached to the use
r
and the areas
near t
h
e user,
whe
r
ea
s t
h
i
r
d-
ge
nerat
i
on sy
st
em
s pr
ovi
de
in
tellig
en
t elder
car
e ser
v
ices th
at esti
m
a
te an
d
d
eal with
p
o
t
en
tial d
a
n
g
e
r
s
thr
ough
th
e m
o
n
ito
rin
g
o
f
abn
o
r
m
a
l
envi
ro
nm
ent
a
l
change
s, a
n
d
by
u
s
i
n
g
dat
a
fr
om
ad
van
ced
sen
s
ors
a
n
d
i
n
fo
r
m
at
i
on f
r
om
am
bi
ent
net
w
or
ks.
In recent years, Inte
rnet
-of-Things
(IoT) s
e
rvices
have a
ttracted m
u
ch attention in the conte
x
t of
sm
art hom
es
that integrate healthcare t
echno
log
i
es [7
]-
[11].
Th
e Io
T
r
e
f
e
r
s
to
a
g
l
ob
al in
frastru
c
ture fo
r t
h
e
inform
ation society that enables adva
nced s
e
rvi
ces by
i
n
t
e
rco
n
n
ect
i
ng
ph
y
s
i
cal
and vi
rt
ual
t
h
i
n
g
s
, ba
s
e
d o
n
exi
s
t
i
n
g
an
d e
v
ol
vi
n
g
i
n
t
e
r
ope
rabl
e i
n
f
o
rm
at
ion
an
d c
o
m
m
u
n
i
cat
i
on t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
gi
es. T
h
i
s
p
a
per
p
r
ese
n
t
s
a
dai
l
y
activity m
onitori
ng
system
base
d
on
the
IoT c
o
ncept
as
a thi
r
d-ge
ne
ra
tion telecare
syste
m
for providing
in
tellig
en
t care to
th
e el
d
e
rly. Th
e
p
r
op
osed syste
m
can
an
alyze and
repo
rt th
e d
a
ily activ
ities an
d
activ
ity
p
a
ttern
s
o
f
t
h
e eld
e
rly liv
in
g alo
n
e
b
y
u
s
ing
a pred
efin
ed activ
ity in
d
e
x for th
e pu
rpose o
f
estim
at
in
g
and
pre
v
e
n
t
i
ng
une
xpect
e
d
em
ergency
si
t
u
at
i
ons
. The rest
o
f
t
h
e pape
r i
s
or
ga
ni
zed as f
o
l
l
o
w
s
. Sect
i
on
2 pr
esent
s
th
e propo
sed
activ
ity
m
o
n
ito
rin
g
system
in
d
e
tail, and
Sectio
n
3
d
e
scribes th
e im
p
l
e
m
e
n
tatio
n
resu
lts o
f
t
h
e
feasib
ility v
e
rificatio
n
of
ou
r propo
sa
l.
Section
4
p
r
esen
ts
con
c
lu
si
o
n
s
.
2.
PROP
OSE
D
ACTI
V
IT
Y MO
NITO
RIN
G
S
Y
STEM
Th
e pro
p
o
s
ed
d
a
ily activ
ity
m
o
n
ito
rin
g
syste
m
is
illu
strat
e
d
in
Figu
re
1
,
an
d
co
n
s
ists
of two
m
a
in
parts: a
n
IoT
-
assisted living space
with c
ontactless activity sens
ors
,
a
help trigger, and a
n
em
ergency
gat
e
way
,
a
n
d
a dai
l
y
act
i
v
i
t
y
m
oni
t
o
ri
n
g
s
e
rve
r
wi
t
h
t
h
e
fol
l
o
wi
n
g
c
o
m
ponent
s:
dat
a
col
l
ect
i
on, e
v
ent
a
n
d
user m
a
nagem
e
nt
, act
i
v
i
t
y
anal
y
s
i
s
and
re
po
rt
i
n
g, sy
st
em
confi
g
u
r
at
i
o
n an
d m
a
nage
m
e
nt
, and a
n
ext
e
r
n
al
service i
n
terfac
e.
Fi
gu
re
1.
B
l
oc
k
di
ag
ram
of t
h
e p
r
o
p
o
sed
dai
l
y
act
i
v
i
t
y
m
oni
t
o
ri
n
g
sy
st
em
In t
h
e IoT
-
ass
i
sted living space,
contactless activity sens
ors
usi
ng
pass
ive infrare
d
detection are
l
o
cat
ed i
n
t
h
e
l
i
v
i
n
g
r
oom
, b
a
t
h
r
oom
, ki
t
c
h
e
n,
an
d
be
droom
to m
easure the acti
v
ity of the
elderly
at set
in
terv
als, and
th
ey send
th
e activ
ity d
a
ta to
th
e em
erg
e
n
c
y g
a
teway v
i
a Zig
B
ee co
mm
u
n
icatio
n
at set ti
m
e
s.
In
add
itio
n
,
the op
erating
st
atu
s
of th
e con
t
actless ac
t
i
v
i
t
y
senso
r
s, i
n
c
l
udi
n
g
c
o
nfi
g
u
r
at
i
on i
n
f
o
rm
at
i
on,
bat
t
e
ry
l
e
vel
,
and t
r
a
n
sm
i
ssion cy
cl
e, can
be checke
d
and c
ont
r
o
l
l
e
d
by
t
h
e em
er
gency
gat
e
wa
y
.
The
em
ergency
gat
e
way
i
s
an i
m
po
rt
ant
ce
nt
ral
uni
t
f
o
r
ga
th
ering
activ
ity d
a
ta, d
e
tectin
g
e
m
erg
e
n
c
y situ
atio
ns,
an
d co
mm
u
n
i
catin
g
with
t
h
e
d
a
ily activ
ity m
o
n
ito
rin
g
serv
er v
i
a m
o
b
ile
n
e
two
r
k
s
and
t
h
e
In
tern
et. It
co
nsists
of a
n
i
n
t
e
rnal
s
p
eake
r
, a m
i
cr
op
h
one
, an
d a han
d
set
.
It
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
va
ri
o
u
s com
m
uni
cat
i
on m
odul
es, suc
h
as 4
G
LTE (800 MHz), ZigBee, Bl
uetooth
3.
0/4.0, and
WiFi (2.4GHz 802.11b/g/
n). The
help trigge
r with a
pus
h
button is a we
arable de
vice,
suc
h
as a necklace or a
wrist
b
and that sends an em
ergenc
y notification
message
to the em
ergency gateway via ZigBee communication.
Whe
n
an elde
rly pe
rson leaves the
hom
e with the help
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ECE
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
7
0
8
A Da
ily Activity Mon
ito
ring
System fo
r In
tern
et o
f
Th
i
n
gs-Assisted
Livingin
Home Area
…
(
Jeongw
o
o
k Seo)
40
1
t
r
i
gge
r, t
h
e em
erge
ncy
gat
e
w
a
y
aut
o
m
a
ti
call
y
set
s
hi
s or her st
at
us t
o
“
G
oi
ng
Out
”
i
n
or
der t
o
a
voi
d fal
s
e
alarm
s
o
r
th
e ab
sen
ce
o
f
d
e
tected
activ
ities.
Th
e
d
a
ily activ
ity
m
o
n
ito
ri
ng
serv
er
h
a
s
variou
s co
m
p
o
n
en
ts, i
n
clud
ing d
a
ta co
llectio
n
,
ev
en
t and
user m
a
nagem
e
nt
, act
i
v
i
t
y
anal
y
s
i
s
and
re
po
rt
i
n
g, sy
st
em
confi
g
u
r
at
i
o
n an
d m
a
nage
m
e
nt
, and a
n
ext
e
r
n
al
servi
ce i
n
t
e
rfa
ce. The sy
st
e
m
confi
g
u
r
at
i
o
n an
d m
a
nage
m
e
nt
com
pone
nt
deal
s
wi
t
h
t
h
e i
n
st
al
l
a
t
i
on,
set
u
p
,
u
p
d
a
tes of th
e e
m
erg
e
n
c
y g
a
t
e
way, con
t
actless activ
ity se
nso
r
s, a
nd
hel
p
t
r
i
g
gers
. It
sup
p
o
rt
s rem
o
t
e
check
s
on t
h
e
ope
rat
i
n
g co
n
d
i
t
i
ons
o
f
t
h
e sens
o
r
s a
n
d t
h
e
fi
rm
ware
ove
r t
h
e ai
r i
n
t
h
e em
ergency
gat
e
way
i
n
or
der t
o
co
nv
en
ien
tly
man
a
g
e
th
e IoT-assisted liv
in
g sp
ace
with
out
re
qui
ri
ng
user
i
n
t
e
r
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
.
T
h
e dat
a
c
o
l
l
ect
i
on
com
pone
nt gat
h
ers a
c
tivity data from
the em
ergency
gate
way and the
n
sends them
to the corre
sponding
com
pone
nts according to dat
a
com
m
unication a
nd c
o
m
m
a
nd
protoc
ols based on the cat
egories of m
e
ssages
i
n
Ta
bl
e 1
.
I
n
Tabl
e
1, t
h
e a
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
m
oni
t
o
r
i
ng a
n
d r
e
p
o
rt
i
n
g
f
unct
i
on
ha
s f
o
u
r
t
een m
e
ssage t
y
pes
,
a
n
d t
h
e
fu
nct
i
o
n o
f
s
y
st
em
confi
g
u
r
at
i
on a
n
d m
a
nagem
e
nt
ha
s fo
u
r
m
e
ssage t
y
pes.
The
eve
n
t
m
a
nagem
e
nt
com
pone
nt
i
s
i
n
c
h
ar
ge
of e
v
ent
det
ect
i
o
n a
nd
al
ert
s
, a
n
d
t
h
e
user m
a
nag
e
m
e
nt
com
pon
ent
i
s
res
p
onsi
b
l
e
f
o
r
user
re
gi
st
rat
i
o
n a
n
d
u
p
d
at
es.
Tabl
e
1. M
e
ssa
ge t
y
pes
f
o
r
da
t
a
com
m
uni
cati
on a
n
d c
o
m
m
a
nd
p
r
ot
oc
ol
s
Cate
gor
y
#
M
e
ssa
ge T
y
pe
Activity
M
oni
tor
i
n
g
a
nd
R
e
po
rting
1
Activity detect
ion s
t
atus
2
Activity detect
ion r
e
por
t (per
iodic)
3
Vo
ice call
fo
r p
r
ed
ef
in
ed
pho
ne nu
m
b
er
1
4
Vo
ice call
fo
r p
r
ed
ef
in
ed
pho
ne nu
m
b
er
2
5
Voice c
a
ll
for em
er
gency phone
num
ber
6
Voice c
a
ll
for cal
l/s
ervice
center
7
User ca
ncell
a
ti
on re
por
t s
o
und alarm
8
Reser
v
e
d
for
ot
her
s
e
ns
or
s
9
Reser
v
e
d
for
ot
her
s
e
ns
or
s
10
Reser
v
e
d
for
ot
her
s
e
ns
or
s
11
Away s
t
atu
s
repo
rt
12
Help tr
ig
ger
pu
s
h
a
nd
sta
t
u
s
r
e
p
o
r
t
13
Heartbe
a
t alarm
report
14
Voice c
a
ll c
a
nce
lla
ti
on re
port
Syste
m
Co
n
f
i
gur
a
t
i
ona
n
d
M
a
nag
e
m
e
nt
15
Em
er
gency
gatewa
y
power
stat
us
cha
n
ge r
e
por
t
16
Em
er
gency
gatewa
y
con
f
i
g
ur
ati
o
n d
e
ta
ils
17
New se
ns
or i
n
sta
llat
i
on res
u
lt re
port
18
Sens
or
te
st r
e
su
lt r
e
por
t
The act
i
v
i
t
y
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
an
d
re
po
rt
i
n
g c
o
m
ponent
c
o
m
put
es
t
h
e act
i
v
i
t
y
i
n
dex
de
fi
ne
d i
n
Eq
uat
i
o
n
(1
)
fro
m
th
e act
iv
ity d
a
ta o
f
an eld
e
rly p
e
rson
and
trie
s to fin
d
the no
rmal act
iv
ity p
a
ttern
b
a
sed
on
d
a
ily
(A
I_
day
)
, wee
k
ly
(AI
_
week
), m
onthly
(A
I_m
onth
)
,
and yearly (AI_y
ear) ave
r
ag
e activ
ity in
fo
rmatio
n
deri
ved
by
t
h
e
act
i
v
i
t
y
i
ndex
.
1
s
inde
x
c
s
d
c
mt
A
A
QA
A
Q
AA
(1
)
whe
r
e
d
e
no
tes t
h
e su
m
o
f
th
e
activ
ity d
a
ta measu
r
ed fro
m
th
e activ
ity senso
r
s,
deno
tes
th
e m
a
x
i
m
u
m
act
i
v
i
t
y
dat
a
of
an el
derl
y
pe
r
s
on
, a
n
d
den
o
t
e
s t
h
e c
o
n
s
t
a
nt
fo
r
qua
nt
i
f
i
cat
i
on
(he
r
e,
100
0
. Not
e
that
can
be
obt
ai
n
e
d t
h
ro
u
g
h
t
h
e
act
i
v
i
t
y
dat
a
sendi
ng
pe
ri
o
d
(sec
on
ds
) an
d
t
h
e act
i
v
i
t
y
sensi
n
g
peri
od
f
o
r
th
e activ
ity d
a
ta
(seco
n
d
s
/activ
ity d
a
ta).
Also
,
b
y
co
m
p
arin
g th
e activ
ity
in
d
e
x
and
act
iv
ity in
form
ati
o
n
with
th
e no
rm
al activ
ity
p
a
ttern
stored
in
a d
a
tab
a
se, t
h
e activ
ity an
al
ysis an
d
rep
o
rtin
g
co
m
p
on
en
t can
p
r
o
activ
ely esti
m
a
te an
d
p
r
ev
en
t
u
n
e
xp
ected
em
erg
e
n
c
y
situ
atio
n
s
.
As an
illu
stration
of Equ
a
tion (1
), if
contactless act
ivity sensors
measured activity data tw
ic
e each i
n
the
living
room
, the
bathroom
, and the
k
itch
e
n, th
e sum
o
f
th
e activ
i
t
y d
a
ta
is six
(
6
)
.
If
th
e activ
ity d
a
ta sen
d
i
n
g
p
e
ri
o
d
is 600
seco
nd
s (
600
) and
t
h
e activ
i
t
y sen
s
ing p
e
ri
o
d
for t
h
e acti
v
ity d
a
ta is two
second
s/activ
ity d
a
ta
(
2
)
,
th
e
ma
x
i
mu
m
activ
ity d
a
ta v
a
lu
e is
3
0
0
(
300
). Th
u
s
, t
h
e activ
ity in
d
e
x
is
20
(
2
0
).
Finally, the external service interface c
o
m
pone
nt pr
ovide
s
a user interfac
e based
on a web browse
r
that interfaces
with the
data
base a
n
d a
ppli
cations
for t
h
e
desi
gnate
d
guardia
n
a
n
d fa
mily, the em
ergency
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-87
08
IJEC
E V
o
l
.
6, No
. 1, Feb
r
uar
y
20
1
6
:
39
9 – 40
5
40
2
agencies
, counselors
,
m
a
nage
rs of
hom
e care services, a
n
d
so on
. It
al
so pr
o
v
i
d
es net
w
or
k secu
ri
t
y
t
o
pr
ot
ect
pers
o
n
al
i
n
fo
r
m
at
i
on fr
om
h
acki
n
g,
D
D
o
S
at
t
acks, a
n
d
ot
her
t
h
reat
s
.
3.
IMPLEME
N
TATION
RES
U
LTS AN
D A
NAL
YSI
S
Th
is section describ
e
s th
e imp
l
em
en
tatio
n
resu
lts
o
f
th
e
pro
p
o
s
ed
d
a
ily activ
ity
m
o
n
ito
rin
g
system,
pri
m
ari
l
y
focu
si
ng
o
n
t
h
e act
i
v
i
t
y
anal
y
s
i
s
and
re
p
o
rt
i
n
g
com
pone
nt
of
t
h
e dai
l
y
act
i
v
i
t
y
m
oni
t
o
ri
n
g
serve
r
.
Figure 2 illustrates a web browser-base
d
user inte
rface for
analyzing and
re
po
rting
daily, weekly, and
m
ont
hl
y
avera
g
e act
i
v
i
t
y
i
n
fo
rm
ati
on. T
h
e b
r
i
e
f u
s
er i
n
f
o
r
m
at
i
on of a
n
el
derl
y
pe
rs
on i
s
sho
w
n at
t
h
e t
o
p
,
an
d
t
h
e dat
e
appea
r
s i
n
t
h
e up
per r
i
ght
co
rne
r
. I
f
t
h
e i
c
on
s rep
r
es
ent
i
ng t
h
e
day
,
week, a
nd m
ont
h i
n
t
h
e u
p
p
e
r
l
e
ft
co
rn
er are click
e
d, th
e
d
a
ily,
week
ly, and
mo
n
t
h
l
y av
er
ag
e activ
ity in
formatio
n
will b
e
g
r
aph
i
cally v
i
su
alized
.
As sh
own
below, th
e m
o
n
t
h
l
y av
erag
e activ
it
y in
form
atio
n
in
tu
itiv
ely in
d
i
cates n
o
rm
al an
d
abno
rm
al act
iv
ity
pat
t
e
rns
,
w
h
i
c
h l
i
k
el
y
occu
r
due t
o
u
n
e
xpe
ct
ed em
ergenc
y
si
t
u
at
i
ons. I
f
t
h
e el
derl
y
pe
r
s
on
’s act
i
v
i
t
y
r
e
m
a
i
n
s
v
e
ry low
fo
r m
o
re t
h
an
fou
r
ho
urs, “Em
e
rg
en
cy Ch
ec
k
”
will b
e
shown in
red
as
an
au
tomatic an
n
o
u
n
c
e
m
en
t
for the de
signa
t
ed guardian a
nd
fam
i
ly, the e
m
ergency
a
g
e
n
cies, counselors, m
a
nagers
of hom
e
care services,
o
r
o
t
h
e
r
d
e
sign
ated
u
s
ers. Si
m
i
larly, wh
en activ
ity re
m
a
i
n
s
v
e
ry low fo
r m
o
re th
an
two
h
ours, a
yello
w
warn
ing
si
g
n
will b
e
sho
w
n to
p
r
o
activ
ely alert th
em
. In all o
t
h
e
r cases, norm
a
l fin
d
i
n
g
s
will
b
e
sho
w
n
i
n
gray.
For e
x
ample, in Figure
2, it ca
n
be see
n
that alm
o
st no activity took
place ove
r
the
course
of three
days,
fro
m
th
e 22
nd to
24
th
of th
e m
o
n
t
h
.
On
the b
a
sis of t
h
is
activ
ity in
formatio
n
,
th
e
d
a
ily activ
ity
m
o
n
ito
ri
ng
serv
er will sen
d
th
e “Em
e
rg
en
cy Ch
eck
”
m
e
ssag
e
to
th
e d
e
si
g
n
a
ted
g
u
a
rd
ian
and
fa
m
i
l
y
, th
e e
m
erg
e
n
c
y
agenci
es
, a
nd
s
o
on
f
o
r t
h
e
pu
rp
ose
of
co
nt
ac
t
i
ng t
h
e
el
de
rl
y
per
s
o
n
a
n
d c
h
ecki
n
g
on
hi
s
o
r
he
r st
at
e
of
h
eal
t
h
.
Th
is m
a
y resu
lt in
a si
m
p
le v
i
sit to
th
e eld
e
rl
y p
e
rso
n
, bu
t it is i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
to
v
e
rify wh
ether a po
ten
tially fatal
em
ergency
has
t
a
ken
pl
ace
.
Fig
u
re
2
.
Im
p
l
e
m
en
tatio
n
resu
lts of th
e pro
p
o
s
ed
d
a
ily acti
v
ity
m
o
n
ito
ri
ng
system
Figure
3 illust
rates m
onthly activ
ity information according t
o
the
age
groups m
onitore
d
by the
pr
o
pose
d
sy
st
e
m
. The gro
up
of
peo
p
l
e
i
n
t
h
ei
r 9
0
s
dem
onst
r
at
ed a
very
l
o
w st
at
e of a
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
, wherea
s t
h
e
gr
o
ups
of pe
o
p
l
e i
n
t
h
ei
r 70s
and
80s s
h
owe
d
m
o
re act
i
v
i
t
y
. In Fi
g
u
r
e 4, t
h
e m
ont
hl
y
acti
v
i
t
y
i
n
form
at
ion
of
users i
n
their
70s is presen
te
d according to
gende
r. El
derly wom
e
n were
generally found
to be m
o
re active in
their
hom
es than elde
rly m
e
n.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ECE
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
7
0
8
A Da
ily Activity Mon
ito
ring
System fo
r In
tern
et o
f
Th
i
n
gs-Assisted
Livingin
Home Area
…
(
Jeongw
o
o
k Seo)
40
3
Figure
3. Monthly activity inform
ation acco
rding to age
groups
:
70s
,
80s
,
and 90s
Figure
4. Monthly activity inform
ation in
us
ers in their70s
according t
o
gende
r
Fig
u
re
5
.
Daily activ
ity in
formatio
n
in
u
s
ers in
th
ei
r70
s
over th
e cou
r
se
of
2
4
hou
rs
Fig
u
re
5
presen
ts th
e
d
a
ily activ
ity in
fo
rm
atio
n
o
f
u
s
ers in
th
eir 70
s
o
v
er th
e cou
r
se
o
f
24
hou
rs.
G
e
n
e
r
a
lly, elder
l
y u
s
er
s wok
e
up
at ap
pr
ox
im
ate
l
y
five AM and then s
p
ent
m
o
re than t
h
ree
hours
p
r
edo
m
in
an
tly
in
th
e b
a
th
room an
d
k
itch
e
n
.
At n
o
o
n
, th
eir activ
ity
in
th
e k
itch
e
n
in
creased
.
Th
e m
a
x
i
m
u
m
lev
e
l o
f
ph
ysical activ
ity was ob
serv
ed
from six
to
sev
e
n
PM. By
u
s
in
g
t
h
e av
erag
e activ
ity in
fo
rmation
shown in Fi
gures 3–5, it is possible to
dete
rm
ine nor
m
a
l
activity patterns accordin
g to age
group, gende
r,
ti
m
e
in
terv
al (d
aily, week
ly,
an
d
m
o
n
t
h
l
y),
an
d
p
o
t
en
tially
o
t
h
e
r
p
a
ram
e
t
e
rs. Th
ese no
rmal act
iv
ity p
a
tterns
coul
d be
a
ppl
i
e
d
t
o
t
h
e de
vel
o
pm
ent
of vari
o
u
s heal
t
h
a
n
d wel
l
n
ess ser
v
i
ce
ap
pl
i
cat
i
ons.
0
50
100
150
200
250
70s
80s
90s
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Male
Female
0
50
100
150
200
2013
‐
01
2013
‐
02
2013
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I
S
SN
:
2
088
-87
08
IJEC
E V
o
l
.
6, No
. 1, Feb
r
uar
y
20
1
6
:
39
9 – 40
5
40
4
4.
CO
NCL
USI
O
N
Th
is p
a
p
e
r
p
r
esen
ted
an
in
tellig
en
t d
a
ily acti
v
ity
m
o
n
ito
ring
syste
m
fo
r realizin
g
IoT-assisted
liv
ing
fo
r t
h
e el
derl
y
wh
o l
i
v
e al
on
e and m
a
y suf
f
er f
r
om
fam
i
ly
di
sor
g
ani
zat
i
o
n
,
l
o
w i
n
c
o
m
e
, and/
or
po
or
l
i
v
i
n
g
co
nd
itio
ns. The p
r
op
o
s
ed
d
a
i
l
y
m
o
n
ito
ring
syste
m
was sho
w
n
to b
e
ab
l
e
to
g
a
t
h
er t
h
e activ
ity d
a
ta o
f
t
h
e
eld
e
rly fro
m
th
e e
m
erg
e
n
c
y
gateway in
coop
eration
with
co
n
t
actless activ
ity sen
s
ors and
a h
e
l
p
trigg
e
r. Th
e
syste
m
analyz
es and re
ports
norm
al
and abn
o
r
m
a
l
pat
t
e
r
n
s
of act
i
v
i
t
y
defi
ned i
n
re
fe
rence t
o
t
h
e a
v
era
g
e
activ
ity in
fo
rmatio
n
d
e
riv
e
d
usin
g
th
e
p
r
ed
efin
ed
activ
ity in
d
e
x. Th
e av
erag
e activ
ity in
form
at
io
n
can
b
e
u
s
ed
to
esti
m
a
te
an
d
p
r
ev
en
t un
ex
p
ected
em
erg
e
n
c
y situ
atio
n
s
, in
clu
d
i
n
g
sud
d
e
n
d
eat
h
s
, an
d
u
tilized
in
v
a
ri
o
u
s
h
ealth
an
d well
n
e
ss app
licatio
n
s
.
ACKNOWLE
DGE
M
ENTS
Fu
ndi
ng
f
o
r
t
h
i
s
pa
per
wa
s
pr
ovi
ded
by
Na
m
s
eoul
Uni
v
er
si
t
y
.
REFERE
NC
ES
[1]
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and
A. Mihai
lidis,
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y
on
a
m
bient-assisted living tools
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IEEE Journal
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f
Biomedical and
Health In
formatics
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,
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c, M. R
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formation Tech
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i
na:
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ti
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in
g in
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n
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r
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ence on Com
put
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n, Providen
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M
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r mining and
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ity
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a
tterns in home-based
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th m
onitorin
g
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y
stem
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ent S
y
stems and Techn
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logy
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ticle no
. 6
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,
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013.
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d R. Janani, "
A
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e monitoring s
y
stem
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terna
tional Journal
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logies
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utational and
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plied
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l. 7
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444-447, Feb
.
2
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[7]
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dre-Opsrian, M. Dr
obics, D. Hay
n
, and G. Schr
eier
, "
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w Generations, Las Vegas:
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,
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[8]
D. Band
y
opadh
yay
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,
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[9]
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A. Faisal, and N. Philip, "
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ET
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ril 2011
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[10]
S. Husain, A. Pr
asad, A. Kunz, A. Para
georgiou
, and J. Song, "Recen
t trends in
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achine-
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achin
e com
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unicatio
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. 4
,
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. 2
28-236, Dec. 20
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[11]
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s
ai
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.
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i,
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C
.
Ch
iang, and
L.T.
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et of
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EE
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als
, vol. 16
, no
. 1
,
pp
. 77-97
, F
e
b. 2014
.
BIOGRAP
HI
ES OF
AUTH
ORS
H
y
uns
ik Kim
receiv
e
d B.S
.
and
M
.
S
.
degrees
i
n
inform
ation a
nd com
m
unicati
on engineer
ing
from Inha Univ
ersity
, South Korea, in 2002
and
2004, r
e
spectively
.
Curr
ently, he is a Ph.D.
candid
a
te in
electrical and electro
n
ic engin
eering
at Yonsei University
, South Korea. He has also
worked as a senior researcher
in the Con
t
en
ts Convergence
Research
Center at
the Korea
Electroni
cs Technolog
y
Institu
t
e
, South Korea
sin
ce 2004. His research
int
e
rest
s are in
cont
ent
s
h
aring, we
ara
b
le com
puting
,
hum
an-com
puter in
tera
ct
io
n, and m
ach
ine-to-m
ach
ine
communication/the Internet of
Th
ings.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ECE
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
7
0
8
A Da
ily Activity Mon
ito
ring
System fo
r In
tern
et o
f
Th
i
n
gs-Assisted
Livingin
Home Area
…
(
Jeongw
o
o
k Seo)
40
5
Jong-Soo Seo receiv
e
d a B.S. d
e
gree in
ele
c
troni
cs
engine
ering f
r
om
Yonsei Uni
v
ersit
y
, Seou
l,
Korea,
in 1975
, and M.S. and
Ph.D. degr
ees f
r
om the Univer
sity
of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON,
Canada,
in 1983
and 1988
, r
e
spectiv
ely
.
He was
emplo
y
ed with
I
D
C and CAL, C
a
nada for six
ye
ars
,
wher
e h
e
was
eng
a
ged
in res
e
arch
o
n
digit
a
l s
a
tel
l
i
t
e com
m
unica
ti
ons
and dat
a
broadcasting s
y
stems. In 1995
, he joined th
e Department
of Electrical and Electron
i
c
Engineering, Yo
nsei University
,
where he is
curr
entl
y
a P
r
of
es
s
o
r. P
r
of.
Seo
is an IEEE Fellow
and an
As
s
o
ciat
e
Edito
r of
the
IE
EE
Trans
a
ctions
on Broad
cas
ting
.
His
cur
r
ent
res
earch
int
e
res
t
s
includ
e nex
t
-gen
erat
ion bro
a
d
cas
ting
and 5G r
a
dio s
y
stems.
Jeongwook Seo received B
.
S.
an
d M.S. degr
ees f
r
om the Depar
tment of Teleco
mmunication an
d
Inform
ation En
gineer
ing, Kore
a Aerospace Un
iversit
y
, G
y
eon
ggi, Korea
,
in
1999 and 2001,
respectively
,
an
d a Ph.D. degr
ee from th
e School
of Electrical and
Electronic Engin
eer
ing,
Yonsei University
, Seoul, Korea, in 2010
. He
is currently
an Assistant Professor in the
Department of I
n
formation a
nd
Communication Engineering, N
a
mseoul Univer
sity
, Cheonan,
Korea. From 2001 to 2013, he
worked at th
e
Network Convergence R
e
sear
ch
Center
in the
Korea E
l
ectroni
cs Technolog
y
I
n
stitute, Seou
l,
Kor
ea. His
research
inter
e
sts in
clude stat
istical
signal pro
cessin
g
for communications
and netw
orking, m
a
chine
le
arning
, m
achi
n
e-to-m
achin
e
communications
and
the Internet
of Things.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.