I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l a
nd
Co
m
p
ute
r
E
ng
in
ee
ring
(
I
J
E
CE
)
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
201
7
,
p
p
.
3
0
9
5
~
3
1
0
4
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
,
DOI
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
ec
e
.
v7
i
6
.
p
p
3
0
9
5
-
3104
3095
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ia
e
s
jo
u
r
n
a
l.c
o
m/o
n
lin
e/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/I
JE
C
E
Ana
ly
sis
of Electr
ic F
ield
and C
urr
ent
D
ensity
on
X
LPE
Ins
ula
tor
M
.
H
.
M
.
Sh
a
rif
,
N
.
A.
M
.
J
a
m
a
il,
N.
A.
O
t
h
m
a
n,
M
.
S.
K
a
m
a
rud
in
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ic E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
u
n
H
u
ss
e
in
On
n
M
a
lay
sia
(U
T
HM),
8
6
4
0
0
Ba
t
u
P
a
h
a
t,
Jo
h
o
r
,
M
a
lay
sia
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Au
g
2
2
,
2
0
1
7
R
ev
i
s
ed
No
v
5
2
0
1
7
A
cc
ep
ted
No
v
1
5
,
2
0
1
7
G
o
o
d
c
o
n
d
it
io
n
a
n
d
siz
e
o
f
th
e
in
su
lato
r
a
re
im
p
o
rtan
t
to
e
n
s
u
re
th
e
e
x
c
e
ll
e
n
t
e
lec
tri
c
f
ield
a
n
d
c
u
rre
n
t
d
e
n
sity
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
b
e
c
a
u
se
o
f
a
g
in
g
a
n
d
d
e
g
ra
d
a
ti
o
n
HV
DC
c
a
b
le
p
ro
b
le
m
.
A
t
p
re
se
n
t,
th
e
e
x
isti
n
g
in
su
lato
r
w
h
ich
is
X
L
P
E
i
n
su
lato
r
t
h
a
t
h
a
d
b
e
e
n
u
s
e
d
d
o
e
s
n
o
t
m
e
e
t
th
e
c
a
p
a
b
il
it
ies
c
rit
e
ria
o
f
HV
DC
c
a
b
le
d
u
e
to
th
e
p
ro
b
lem
in
term
s
o
f
th
e
c
o
n
d
i
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
in
su
lat
o
r
w
h
ich
is
th
e
p
re
se
n
c
e
o
f
a
v
o
id
in
th
e
in
su
lat
o
r.
A
re
se
a
rc
h
h
a
d
b
e
e
n
m
a
d
e
w
it
h
Qu
ick
f
ield
S
o
f
twa
re
to
c
a
lcu
late
th
e
e
lec
tri
c
f
ield
a
n
d
c
u
r
re
n
t
d
e
n
sity
in
th
e
X
L
P
E
i
n
su
lat
o
r
o
f
HV
DC
c
a
b
le.
A
v
o
id
is
c
re
a
ted
in
t
h
e
X
L
P
E
in
su
lat
o
r
b
y
u
sin
g
Qu
ick
f
ield
S
o
f
t
w
a
re
b
y
v
a
r
y
in
g
d
ia
m
e
ter
o
f
v
o
id
a
n
d
d
istan
c
e
o
f
v
o
id
f
ro
m
c
o
n
d
u
c
to
r.
X
L
P
E
i
n
su
lato
r
is
tak
e
n
a
s
m
a
in
re
se
a
rc
h
o
b
jec
t.
T
h
e
re
su
lt
s
sh
o
w
th
a
t
l
a
rg
e
st
d
iam
e
te
r
o
f
v
o
id
a
n
d
n
e
a
re
st
d
istan
c
e
o
f
v
o
id
f
ro
m
c
o
n
d
u
c
to
r
d
isto
r
ts
h
ig
h
e
st ele
c
tri
c
f
ield
a
n
d
lo
w
e
st cu
rre
n
t
d
e
n
sity
.
T
h
e
re
f
o
re
,
it
is
im
p
o
rtan
t
to
stu
d
y
b
o
th
e
lec
t
ric
f
ield
a
n
d
c
u
rre
n
t
d
e
n
sity
to
e
n
su
re
g
o
o
d
c
a
p
a
b
il
it
ies
a
n
d
sa
f
e
t
y
o
f
HV
DC c
a
b
le
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
:
C
u
r
r
en
t d
en
s
it
y
E
lectr
ic
f
ield
Qu
ic
k
f
ield
Vo
id
XL
P
E
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
2
0
1
7
In
stit
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts
re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
N.
A
.
M.
J
a
m
ail,
Facu
lt
y
o
f
E
lectr
ical
a
n
d
E
lect
r
o
n
ic
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
,
Un
i
v
er
s
iti
T
u
n
H
u
s
s
ei
n
On
n
Ma
la
y
s
ia
(
UT
HM
)
,
8
6
4
0
0
B
atu
P
ah
at,
J
o
h
o
r
,
Ma
l
a
y
s
ia.
E
m
ail:
n
o
r
ak
m
al@
u
t
h
m
.
ed
u
.
m
y
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
it
f
o
cu
s
e
s
m
o
r
e
ab
o
u
t
s
i
m
u
latio
n
o
f
HVD
C
ca
b
le
in
s
u
latio
n
ef
f
ec
ts
o
n
t
h
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
.
HVD
C
ca
b
le
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
o
f
cr
o
s
s
-
l
in
k
ed
p
o
l
y
et
h
y
len
e
(
XL
P
E
)
.
HVDC
ca
b
le
u
s
e
s
co
p
p
er
as
a
co
n
d
u
cto
r
.
T
h
is
HVDC c
ab
le
w
a
s
s
u
p
p
lied
b
y
1
1
k
V.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
o
f
HV
DC
ca
b
le
in
s
u
latio
n
ef
f
ec
ts
o
n
elec
tr
i
c
f
ield
an
d
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
d
en
s
i
t
y
w
as
b
u
ilt
u
p
b
y
u
s
in
g
Qu
ic
k
f
ield
s
o
f
t
war
e
w
h
ic
h
i
s
a
p
o
w
er
f
u
l
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
f
o
r
m
o
d
el
in
g
a
n
d
s
o
lv
in
g
al
l
k
in
d
s
o
f
s
cien
tific
an
d
en
g
in
e
er
in
g
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
.
Qu
ic
k
f
ield
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
also
k
n
o
w
n
as
s
i
m
u
lati
o
n
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
w
h
ic
h
d
esig
n
ed
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
m
o
s
t a
cc
u
r
ate
r
esu
lts
w
h
e
n
co
m
p
ar
e
w
it
h
r
ea
l r
esu
lt
s
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
b
eg
i
n
s
w
i
th
t
h
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
co
n
ce
p
t t
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
a
n
d
cu
r
r
en
t d
en
s
it
y
in
h
i
g
h
v
o
ltag
e
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
.
T
h
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ie
ld
is
a
q
u
a
n
ti
t
ativ
e
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
attr
ac
tio
n
o
r
r
ep
u
l
s
io
n
o
f
o
n
e
elec
tr
ic
ch
ar
g
e
b
y
a
n
o
th
er
at
an
y
p
o
in
t[
1
]
.
HVDC
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
e
f
f
ec
ts
o
n
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
a
n
d
cu
r
r
en
t
d
en
s
it
y
ca
n
b
e
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
b
y
th
eir
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
w
h
ic
h
p
r
o
v
id
ed
th
e
d
ia
m
eter
o
f
v
o
id
an
d
d
is
tan
ce
o
f
v
o
id
f
r
o
m
co
n
d
u
cto
r
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
i
m
u
lated
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
Q
u
ic
k
f
ield
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
[
2
-
4
].
Fro
m
th
e
HVDC
ca
b
le
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
d
ata
o
b
tain
ed
,
a
m
o
d
e
l
o
f
HVD
C
ca
b
le
ca
n
b
e
d
esi
g
n
ed
a
n
d
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
o
f
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
elec
tr
ic
f
ie
ld
(
E
)
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
d
en
s
it
y
(
J
)
.
E
ac
h
HVD
C
ca
b
le
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
w
ill
p
r
esen
t d
if
f
er
en
t e
f
f
ec
t o
n
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t d
en
s
it
y
.
E
lectr
ical
an
d
elec
tr
o
n
ic
eq
u
i
p
m
e
n
t
i
n
t
h
e
d
esig
n
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
,
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
o
f
elec
tr
ic
f
ie
ld
s
is
v
ita
l
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
So
,
it
is
n
ee
d
ed
in
h
ig
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
m
ac
h
in
e
w
in
d
i
n
g
s
an
d
ca
b
les
as
w
ell
a
s
w
it
h
i
n
elec
tr
o
n
ic
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
th
e
d
esi
g
n
o
f
in
s
u
la
tio
n
a
n
d
an
al
y
ze
elec
tr
ical
s
tr
e
s
s
es.
I
t
is
also
u
s
ed
i
n
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
7
:
3
0
9
5
–
3
1
0
4
3096
r
esear
ch
o
f
g
as
d
is
c
h
ar
g
e
s
an
d
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
s
o
f
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
s
in
th
eir
v
ici
n
it
y
an
d
in
t
h
e
d
esig
n
o
f
u
l
tr
a
-
h
i
g
h
v
o
ltag
e
s
u
b
s
ta
tio
n
.
E
lectr
o
s
tat
ic
f
ilter
s
a
n
d
x
er
o
g
r
ap
h
y
i
n
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
ap
p
licat
io
n
s
also
u
s
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
[
5
-
8
]
.
Dep
en
d
in
g
o
n
h
o
w
it
s
p
r
o
d
u
ce
,
th
er
e
ar
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
k
i
n
d
s
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
d
en
s
itie
s
w
h
ich
ar
e
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
co
n
v
ec
tio
n
c
u
r
r
en
t
d
en
s
i
t
y
,
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
c
u
r
r
en
t
d
en
s
it
y
an
d
d
is
p
lace
m
e
n
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
d
en
s
it
y
.
C
o
n
d
u
ct
io
n
c
u
r
r
en
t
r
eq
u
ir
es
a
co
n
d
u
cto
r
.
A
co
n
d
u
cto
r
is
c
h
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
a
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
f
r
ee
elec
tr
o
n
s
th
a
t
p
r
o
v
id
e
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
c
u
r
r
en
t
d
u
e
to
an
i
m
p
r
e
s
s
ed
elec
tr
ic
f
ie
ld
,
th
e
f
o
r
ce
o
n
an
elec
tr
o
n
w
it
h
ch
ar
g
e
-
e
w
h
e
n
a
n
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
E
is
ap
p
lied
[
9
-
1
0
]
.
1
.
1
.
B
re
a
k
do
w
n
D
ue
t
o
I
nte
rna
l D
is
cha
rg
e
a
t
V
o
id
Vo
id
s
o
r
ca
v
ities
w
it
h
in
t
h
e
m
ed
iu
m
o
r
at
th
e
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ies
b
etw
ee
n
th
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
a
n
d
th
e
ele
ctr
o
d
es
is
p
r
esen
t
in
t
h
e
s
o
lid
i
n
s
u
lati
n
g
m
ater
ials
a
n
d
to
a
less
er
ex
t
en
t
liq
u
id
d
ielec
tr
ics.
T
h
ese
v
o
id
s
ar
e
g
en
er
all
y
f
illed
w
ith
a
m
e
d
i
u
m
o
f
lo
w
e
r
d
ielec
tr
ic
s
tr
e
n
g
t
h
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
o
f
th
e
m
ed
iu
m
i
n
th
e
v
o
id
s
is
lo
w
er
t
h
an
th
e
i
n
s
u
lat
io
n
.
H
en
ce
,
th
e
e
lectr
ic
f
ield
s
tr
en
g
th
in
th
e
v
o
id
s
i
s
h
i
g
h
er
t
h
an
th
at
ac
r
o
s
s
t
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
ev
en
u
n
d
er
n
o
r
m
a
l
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
v
o
lta
g
es
,
th
e
f
ield
i
n
t
h
e
v
o
id
s
ca
u
s
ed
it
to
ex
ce
ed
t
h
eir
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
v
al
u
e,
an
d
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
m
a
y
o
cc
u
r
[
1
1
]
.
So
lid
i
n
s
u
lato
r
s
u
s
ed
w
ill
b
e
s
u
b
j
ec
ted
to
h
ig
h
elec
tr
ic
s
tr
ess
a
n
d
v
er
y
lo
w
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
es.
E
lectr
ical
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
an
d
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
o
f
in
s
u
lato
r
w
ill
b
e
o
c
cu
r
r
ed
w
h
e
n
v
o
id
s
in
cl
u
d
ed
in
t
h
e
s
o
lid
in
s
u
lato
r
s
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
p
ar
tial d
is
ch
ar
g
e
[
1
2
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
a)
s
h
o
w
d
ielec
tr
ic
b
et
w
ee
n
t
w
o
co
n
d
u
cto
r
s
.
I
f
w
e
d
iv
id
e
th
e
in
s
u
l
atio
n
i
n
to
th
r
e
e
p
ar
ts
,
an
elec
tr
ical
n
et
w
o
r
k
o
f
C
1
,
C
2
,
C
3
ca
n
b
e
f
o
r
m
ed
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
b
)
.
I
n
th
i
s
C
1
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
ca
p
ac
ita
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
v
o
id
o
r
ca
v
it
y
,
C
2
i
s
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
o
f
t
h
e
d
ielec
tr
i
c
w
h
ic
h
is
i
n
s
er
ies
w
it
h
t
h
e
v
o
id
,
an
d
C
3
i
s
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
o
f
th
e
r
es
t o
f
t
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
[1
1
-
14
]
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
(
a)
Dielec
tr
ic
b
etw
ee
n
t
w
o
co
n
d
u
cto
r
s
(
b
)
Fo
r
m
ed
o
f
elec
tr
ical
n
et
w
o
r
k
C
1
,
C
2
,
C
1
.
2
.
Cro
s
s
-
lin
k
e
d P
o
ly
et
hy
lene
(
XL
P
E
)
XL
P
E
is
a
n
ab
b
r
ev
iated
d
esi
g
n
at
io
n
o
f
“
cr
o
s
s
-
li
n
k
ed
p
o
l
y
eth
y
len
e”
.
X
L
P
E
is
w
id
el
y
s
u
p
p
lied
f
o
r
HV
A
C
w
h
ile
HVD
C
ca
b
les,
p
r
im
ar
il
y
u
s
e
o
i
l
-
i
m
m
er
s
ed
p
ap
er
in
s
u
latio
n
[
1
5
]
.
Po
ly
et
h
y
le
n
e
h
a
s
a
lin
ea
r
m
o
lecu
lar
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
a)
[
1
6
]
.
A
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
b
)
,
M
o
lecu
les
o
f
p
o
ly
e
th
y
le
n
e
w
ill
b
e
d
ef
ec
t e
asil
y
at
h
i
g
h
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
w
h
e
n
it i
s
n
o
t c
h
e
m
ica
ll
y
b
o
n
d
ed
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
(
a)
Mo
lecu
lar
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
p
o
l
y
eth
y
le
n
e
(
b
)
C
h
e
m
i
ca
ll
y
b
o
n
d
ed
o
f
p
o
ly
e
th
y
le
n
e
m
o
lecu
le
s
A
t
h
r
ee
-
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
in
X
L
P
E
m
o
lecu
le
s
b
o
n
d
ed
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
(
a)
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
b
)
d
ef
o
r
m
atio
n
e
v
en
at
h
i
g
h
te
m
p
er
a
tu
r
e
h
av
e
s
tr
o
n
g
r
esis
ta
n
ce
[
1
6
]
.
C
r
o
s
s
-
li
n
k
ed
p
o
l
y
e
th
y
le
n
e
i
s
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
f
r
o
m
p
o
l
y
e
th
y
le
n
e
u
n
d
er
h
i
g
h
p
r
ess
u
r
e
w
it
h
o
r
g
a
n
ic
p
er
o
x
id
es
as
ad
d
itiv
e
s
.
T
h
e
cr
o
s
s
-
li
n
k
i
n
g
h
ad
b
ee
n
a
f
f
ec
te
d
in
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
h
ea
t
a
n
d
p
r
ess
u
r
e.
I
n
t
h
is
ap
p
licatio
n
,
th
e
i
n
d
i
v
id
u
al
m
o
lecu
lar
ch
a
in
s
h
ad
b
ee
n
li
n
k
ed
w
i
th
o
n
e
a
n
o
th
er
a
n
d
ca
u
s
e
s
t
h
e
m
at
er
ial
c
h
an
g
e
in
to
an
ela
s
tic
m
a
ter
ial
f
r
o
m
a
th
er
m
o
p
last
ic
[
1
6
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f E
lectric F
ield
a
n
d
C
u
r
r
en
t D
en
s
ity
o
n
X
LPE
I
n
s
u
la
to
r
(
M.
H.
M.
S
h
a
r
if)
3097
T
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
lo
s
s
is
th
e
m
ai
n
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
e
o
f
X
L
P
E
i
n
s
u
lati
o
n
f
o
r
m
ed
i
u
m
a
n
d
h
i
g
h
v
o
lt
ag
e
ca
b
les.
T
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
lo
s
s
f
ac
to
r
o
f
X
L
P
E
in
s
u
lat
io
n
i
s
ar
o
u
n
d
o
n
e
d
ec
i
m
al
p
o
w
er
lo
w
er
t
h
an
p
ap
er
in
s
u
lated
ca
b
les
an
d
ar
o
u
n
d
t
w
o
d
ec
i
m
al
p
o
w
er
s
lo
w
er
th
a
n
t
h
at
o
f
P
VC
-
i
n
s
u
lated
ca
b
le
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
m
u
t
u
al
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
o
f
XL
P
E
ca
b
les
i
s
al
s
o
lo
w
er
an
d
r
ed
u
cin
g
t
h
e
c
h
ar
g
i
n
g
c
u
r
r
en
ts
an
d
ea
r
t
h
lea
k
a
g
e
c
u
r
r
en
ts
in
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
w
i
th
o
u
t
th
e
r
ig
id
s
tar
p
o
in
t
ea
r
t
h
i
n
g
w
h
e
n
th
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
i
s
g
o
o
d
[
1
6
]
.
B
esid
es,
XL
P
E
is
m
o
r
e
co
n
s
er
v
ati
v
e
f
o
r
s
u
b
m
ar
in
e
ca
b
les t
h
a
n
f
o
r
u
n
d
er
g
r
o
u
n
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
.
So
,
XL
P
E
in
s
u
lato
r
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
r
ep
air
co
s
t
[
18
]
.
P
o
w
er
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
an
d
d
is
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
esp
ec
iall
y
i
n
u
r
b
an
ar
ea
h
ad
b
ee
n
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
XL
P
E
ca
b
les
s
i
n
ce
ab
o
u
t
4
0
y
ea
r
s
a
g
o
.
No
w
ad
a
y
s
,
s
o
m
e
X
L
P
E
ca
b
les
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
o
p
er
ated
f
o
r
a
b
o
u
t
3
0
y
ea
r
s
an
d
it
h
ad
b
ee
n
d
esig
n
ed
lif
eti
m
e
i
n
th
eir
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
.
Hen
ce
,
it
is
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
to
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
v
o
lt
ag
e
w
ith
s
ta
n
d
s
tr
ess
o
f
ag
ed
X
L
P
E
ca
b
le
to
en
s
u
r
e
r
eliab
le
o
p
er
atio
n
an
d
m
in
i
m
ized
r
ep
lace
m
e
n
t
p
lan
n
i
n
g
f
o
r
th
e
ag
ed
XL
P
E
ca
b
le
[
1
9
-
20
]
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
XL
P
E
i
n
s
u
lato
r
f
o
r
HVDC
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
h
ad
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
th
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
i
n
s
u
lato
r
s
.
A
ll o
f
t
h
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
an
d
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
es o
f
XL
P
E
h
ad
b
ee
n
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
i
n
T
ab
le
2
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
(
a)
L
in
ea
r
m
o
lec
u
lar
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
p
o
l
y
eth
y
le
n
e
(
b
)
C
h
e
m
ical
l
y
b
o
n
d
ed
o
f
p
o
l
y
eth
y
len
e
m
o
lec
u
les
T
ab
le
2
.
C
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
a
n
d
ad
v
an
ta
g
es o
f
XL
P
E
[
4
]
C
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
st
i
c
s
a
n
d
A
d
v
a
n
t
a
g
e
s o
f
X
L
P
E
D
e
t
a
i
l
s
Ex
c
e
l
l
e
n
t
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
P
h
y
si
c
a
l
P
r
o
p
e
r
t
i
e
s
X
L
P
E
c
a
b
l
e
c
o
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
e
s
t
h
e
b
e
st
c
a
b
l
e
f
o
r
t
r
a
n
smiss
i
o
n
a
n
d
d
i
st
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
l
i
n
e
s
b
e
c
a
u
se
o
f
i
t
s e
x
c
e
l
l
e
n
t
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
p
h
y
si
c
a
l
p
r
o
p
e
r
t
i
e
s.
C
a
p
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
C
a
r
r
y
i
n
g
L
a
r
g
e
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
s
T
h
e
e
x
c
e
l
l
e
n
t
r
e
si
st
a
n
c
e
t
o
t
h
e
r
mal
d
e
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
a
n
d
t
h
e
e
x
c
e
l
l
e
n
t
a
g
i
n
g
p
r
o
p
e
r
t
y
of
X
L
P
E
c
a
b
l
e
p
e
r
mi
t
i
t
t
o
c
a
r
r
y
l
a
r
g
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
s
u
n
d
e
r
n
o
r
mal
(
9
0
º
C
)
,
e
me
r
g
e
n
c
y
(
1
3
0
º
C
)
o
r
sh
o
r
t
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
(
2
5
0
º
C
)
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
.
Ea
se
o
f
I
n
st
a
l
l
a
t
i
o
n
X
L
P
E
c
a
b
l
e
w
i
t
h
st
a
n
d
s
smal
l
e
r
r
a
d
i
u
s
b
e
n
d
i
n
g
a
n
d
i
s
l
i
g
h
t
e
r
i
n
w
e
i
g
h
t
,
a
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
f
o
r
e
a
s
y
a
n
d
r
e
l
i
a
b
l
e
i
n
st
a
l
l
a
t
i
o
n
.
F
u
r
t
h
e
r
mo
r
e
,
t
h
e
sp
l
i
c
i
n
g
a
n
d
t
e
r
mi
n
a
t
i
n
g
me
t
h
o
d
s fo
r
X
L
P
E
c
a
b
l
e
a
r
e
si
m
p
l
e
r
i
n
c
o
m
p
a
r
i
so
n
w
i
t
h
o
t
h
e
r
k
i
n
d
s o
f
c
a
b
l
e
s.
F
r
e
e
f
r
o
m
H
e
i
g
h
t
L
i
mi
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
M
a
i
n
t
e
n
a
n
c
e
X
L
P
E
c
a
b
l
e
s
c
a
n
b
e
i
n
s
t
a
l
l
e
d
a
n
y
w
h
e
r
e
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
s
p
e
c
i
a
l
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
r
o
u
t
e
p
r
o
f
i
l
e
(
h
e
i
g
h
t
l
i
mi
t
a
t
i
o
n
s)
si
n
c
e
i
t
d
o
e
s
n
o
t
c
o
n
t
a
i
n
o
i
l
a
n
d
t
h
u
s
i
s
f
r
e
e
f
r
o
m
f
a
i
l
u
r
e
s d
u
e
t
o
o
i
l
m
i
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
o
i
l
-
f
i
l
l
e
d
c
a
b
l
e
s.
N
o
M
e
t
a
l
l
i
c
S
h
e
a
t
h
R
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
X
L
P
E
c
a
b
l
e
d
o
e
s
n
o
t
g
e
n
e
r
a
l
l
y
d
e
ma
n
d
a
me
t
a
l
l
i
c
sh
e
a
t
h
.
T
h
u
s,
i
t
i
s
f
r
e
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
f
a
i
l
u
r
e
s p
e
c
u
l
i
a
r
t
o
me
t
a
l
l
i
c
s
h
e
a
t
h
e
d
c
a
b
l
e
s,
su
c
h
a
s
c
o
r
r
o
si
o
n
a
n
d
f
a
t
i
g
u
e
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
I
n
th
i
s
s
ec
t
io
n
,
it
i
s
ex
p
lai
n
ed
th
e
r
esear
ch
m
et
h
o
d
to
o
b
tain
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
e
s
u
l
ts
o
f
e
le
ctr
ic
f
ield
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t d
en
s
it
y
o
f
X
L
P
E
in
s
u
lato
r
b
y
u
s
in
g
Q
u
ic
k
f
ield
S
o
f
t
w
ar
e.
2
.
1
.
M
a
t
er
ia
l P
r
o
pert
ies
T
h
e
co
n
d
u
cto
r
m
ater
ials
w
h
i
ch
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
in
s
u
lato
r
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
3
b
elo
w
.
Af
te
r
th
at,
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
is
r
u
n
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
s
e
p
r
o
p
er
ties
.
T
ab
le
3
.
M
ater
ials
u
s
e
f
o
r
HV
DC
ca
b
le
M
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
R
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
P
e
r
mi
t
t
i
v
i
t
y
,
C
o
n
d
u
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
,
(
S
/
m)
A
i
r
1
3
X
1
0
-
15
C
o
p
p
e
r
1
5
.
9
X
1
0
7
X
L
P
E
2
.
2
5
4
X
1
0
-
8
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
w
s
H
VDC
ca
b
le
p
r
o
f
ile
an
d
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
in
s
u
lato
r
is
m
ad
e
f
r
o
m
X
L
P
E
in
s
u
latio
n
.
XL
P
E
h
av
i
n
g
a
co
n
d
u
ct
iv
i
t
y
o
f
σ
=
4
×1
0
-
8
.
T
h
e
co
n
d
u
cto
r
is
co
p
p
er
s
u
p
p
lied
w
it
h
1
1
k
V
v
o
lta
g
e.
An
d
t
h
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
7
:
3
0
9
5
–
3
1
0
4
3098
s
h
ield
i
s
s
et
as
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
w
h
ich
0
V.
T
h
e
i
n
s
u
latio
n
th
ick
n
ess
i
s
3
.
4
m
m
o
r
7
.
3
8
9
m
m
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
ce
n
ter
o
f
th
e
co
n
d
u
cto
r
.
T
h
e
r
ad
iu
s
o
f
co
n
d
u
cto
r
s
i
s
3
.
9
8
9
m
m
a
n
d
d
ia
m
e
ter
o
f
t
h
e
v
o
id
is
v
a
r
y
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
0
.
4
m
m
to
1
.
6
mm
w
h
ile
d
i
s
tan
ce
o
f
v
o
id
f
r
o
m
th
e
ce
n
ter
o
f
th
e
co
n
d
u
cto
r
w
ith
co
n
s
tan
t
d
ia
m
ete
r
i
s
v
ar
y
f
r
o
m
4
.
7
m
m
to
5
.
9
mm.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
HVDC c
ab
le
p
r
o
f
ile
an
d
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
2
.
2
.
E
lect
ric
P
o
t
ent
ia
l a
nd
G
ro
u
nd
T
h
e
elec
tr
ic
p
o
ten
tial
is
1
1
k
V
an
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
u
p
p
lied
is
0
V.
T
h
e
p
ar
ts
w
h
er
e
th
e
elec
tr
ic
p
o
t
en
tial
w
as
p
u
t
in
th
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
t
h
e
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
w
s
w
i
n
d
o
w
f
o
r
v
o
lta
g
e
lab
el
p
r
o
p
er
ties
an
d
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
r
e
g
io
n
f
o
r
v
o
lta
g
e.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
v
a
l
u
e
i
s
s
e
t
b
y
d
o
u
b
le
clic
k
“Co
n
d
u
cto
r
”
as
lab
eled
o
n
th
e
le
f
t o
f
t
h
e
s
cr
ee
n
a
n
d
t
y
p
e
1
1
0
0
0
V
as 1
1
k
V.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
B
o
u
n
d
ar
y
r
e
g
io
n
f
o
r
v
o
ltag
e
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
B
o
u
n
d
ar
y
r
e
g
io
n
f
o
r
g
r
o
u
n
d
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
w
s
w
i
n
d
o
w
f
o
r
g
r
o
u
n
d
lab
el
p
r
o
p
er
ties
an
d
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
r
eg
io
n
f
o
r
g
r
o
u
n
d
.
A
t
win
d
o
w
f
o
r
g
r
o
u
n
d
lab
el
p
r
o
p
er
ties
,
0
V
is
t
y
p
ed
at
“
S
h
ield
”
lab
eled
as g
r
o
u
n
d
.
2
.
3
.
M
esh
a
nd
P
r
o
ble
m
S
o
lv
ing
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
w
ill
b
e
co
n
v
er
te
d
in
to
m
es
h
af
ter
all
o
f
t
h
e
m
ater
ial
p
r
o
p
er
ties
an
d
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ies
ar
e
in
s
er
ted
to
th
e
H
VDC
ca
b
le
b
y
clic
k
“
B
u
ild
Me
s
h
”
ico
n
o
n
th
e
Mo
d
el
to
o
lb
ar
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
th
e
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Fo
r
th
e
St
u
d
en
t V
er
s
io
n
o
f
Q
u
ic
k
f
ield
,
th
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
n
o
d
es is
li
m
ited
to
2
5
0
o
n
l
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f E
lectric F
ield
a
n
d
C
u
r
r
en
t D
en
s
ity
o
n
X
LPE
I
n
s
u
la
to
r
(
M.
H.
M.
S
h
a
r
if)
3099
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
HVDC c
ab
le
af
ter
c
o
n
v
er
t i
n
to
m
es
h
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
3
.
1
.
Si
m
ula
t
io
n Re
s
ults f
o
r
E
lect
ric
f
ield a
nd
Curre
nt
D
en
s
it
y
o
n XLPE
I
n
s
ula
t
io
n
Fig
u
r
e
8
s
h
o
w
s
th
at
t
h
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
f
r
o
m
co
n
d
u
cto
r
to
th
e
s
h
ield
o
f
th
e
in
s
u
l
ato
r
.
T
h
is
r
esu
lt
ca
n
b
e
v
ie
w
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
lo
r
m
ap
a
n
d
th
e
v
al
u
e
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
th
e
le
g
en
d
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
.
R
es
u
lt
s
f
r
o
m
HVDC
ca
b
le
w
h
ic
h
co
n
v
er
t
i
n
to
th
e
f
o
r
m
co
lo
r
m
ap
s
h
o
ws
th
at
r
ed
co
lo
r
s
in
d
icate
h
i
g
h
v
o
ltag
e
w
h
ile
b
l
u
e
co
lo
r
s
in
d
icate
g
r
o
u
n
d
.
I
t
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
co
lo
r
m
ap
p
atter
n
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
d
e
n
s
it
y
also
s
a
m
e
w
it
h
t
h
e
co
lo
r
m
ap
p
atter
n
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
(
a)
C
o
lo
r
m
ap
an
d
leg
en
d
o
f
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
s
tr
e
n
g
t
h
in
n
o
r
m
al
HVD
C
ca
b
le
(
b
)
C
o
lo
r
m
ap
an
d
leg
en
d
f
o
r
cu
r
r
en
t d
en
s
it
y
in
n
o
r
m
al
H
VDC ca
b
le
Fig
u
r
e
9
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
s
tr
en
g
t
h
at
n
o
r
m
al
HVD
C
ca
b
le
w
i
th
o
u
t
a
n
y
d
e
f
ec
t.
B
ased
o
n
Fig
u
r
e
9
,
th
e
g
r
ap
h
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
d
en
s
it
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
g
r
ad
u
all
y
f
r
o
m
0
m
m
to
3
.
5
m
m
w
h
ic
h
is
s
tar
tin
g
f
r
o
m
co
n
d
u
cto
r
to
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
o
f
ca
b
le.
I
t
s
h
o
w
s
th
a
t
th
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
s
tr
en
g
t
h
an
d
a
cu
r
r
en
t
d
en
s
it
y
o
f
in
s
u
lat
io
n
ar
e
h
i
g
h
est
w
h
en
clo
s
e
to
th
e
co
n
d
u
cto
r
an
d
b
ec
o
m
e
w
ea
k
er
w
h
en
f
ar
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
co
n
d
u
ct
o
r
.
T
ab
le
4
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
b
et
w
ee
n
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
an
d
c
u
r
r
en
t
d
en
s
itie
s
o
f
n
o
r
m
al
H
VDC
ca
b
le
an
d
d
ef
ec
t
HVD
C
ca
b
le.
Ma
x
i
m
u
m
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
E
m
ax
at
d
ef
ec
t
HVD
C
ca
b
le
i
n
s
u
latio
n
is
h
ig
h
er
t
h
a
n
E
m
ax
at
n
o
r
m
al
HVD
C
ca
b
le
in
s
u
la
tio
n
.
Ma
x
i
m
u
m
cu
r
r
e
n
t
d
en
s
itie
s
at
d
ef
ec
t
HVDC
ca
b
le
in
s
u
lat
io
n
is
lo
w
er
th
an
at
n
o
r
m
al
HV
DC
ca
b
le
i
n
s
u
latio
n
.
Fro
m
th
e
s
e
r
esu
lts
,
it
ca
n
b
e
co
n
clu
d
ed
th
at
n
o
r
m
al
HVDC
ca
b
le
in
s
u
latio
n
is
b
etter
th
an
d
ef
ec
t
HVDC
ca
b
le
i
n
s
u
latio
n
b
ec
au
s
e
v
o
id
in
ca
b
le
in
s
u
lat
io
n
c
an
ca
u
s
e
d
is
to
r
tio
n
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
a
n
d
cu
r
r
en
t
d
en
s
it
y
.
T
h
u
s
,
it
ca
n
ca
u
s
e
d
a
m
a
g
e
a
n
d
p
o
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
ec
au
s
e
ca
b
le
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
is
ch
a
n
g
ed
w
h
e
n
th
e
v
o
id
is
p
r
esen
ce
o
n
t
h
e
X
L
P
E
in
s
u
lato
r
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
7
:
3
0
9
5
–
3
1
0
4
3100
(a
)
(b)
F
ig
u
r
e
9
.
(
a)
E
lectr
ic
f
ield
s
tr
en
g
t
h
at
n
o
r
m
al
HVD
C
ca
b
le
with
o
u
t a
n
y
d
e
f
ec
t (
b
)
C
u
r
r
en
t d
en
s
it
ies at
n
o
r
m
al
HVDC c
ab
le
w
it
h
o
u
t a
n
y
d
e
f
e
ct
T
ab
le
4
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
et
w
ee
n
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
an
d
cu
r
r
e
n
t d
en
s
i
ties
at
n
o
r
m
a
l a
n
d
d
ef
ec
t H
V
D
C
ca
b
le
in
s
u
latio
n
C
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
O
f
H
V
D
C
c
a
b
l
e
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
F
i
e
l
d
,
(
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
D
e
n
si
t
i
e
s,
M
i
n
i
m
u
m
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
M
i
n
i
m
u
m
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
N
o
r
mal
2
4
4
6
.
5
8
4
0
9
7
.
6
9
9
.
7
8
6
3
x
1
0
-
8
1
.
6
3
9
0
7
x
1
0
-
7
D
e
f
e
c
t
1
5
6
0
.
1
3
5
4
4
1
.
5
5
1
.
4
2
8
1
2
x
1
0
-
14
1
.
4
2
4
3
1
x
1
0
-
7
3
.
2
.
Si
m
ula
t
io
n a
nd
A
na
ly
s
is
o
f
E
lect
ric
F
ield a
nd
C
urre
nt
Densi
t
y
o
n Dif
f
er
ent
Dia
m
et
er
o
f
Vo
id
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
s
h
o
w
s
a
g
r
ap
h
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
w
it
h
v
ar
io
u
s
d
ia
m
e
ter
o
f
v
o
id
o
n
X
L
P
E
in
s
u
la
to
r
.
B
ased
o
n
t
h
e
g
r
ap
h
,
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
h
a
s
b
ee
n
in
cr
ea
s
e
d
d
r
a
m
atica
ll
y
at
ea
c
h
o
f
v
o
id
ar
ea
a
n
d
h
as
b
ee
n
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
d
r
asti
ca
ll
y
a
t
th
e
e
n
d
o
f
th
e
v
o
id
ar
ea
.
I
t
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
th
e
lar
g
er
d
ia
m
e
ter
o
f
th
e
v
o
id
w
ill
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
t
h
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
an
d
w
ill
d
is
to
r
t
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
v
al
u
e
o
f
t
h
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
.
T
h
u
s
,
HVD
C
ca
b
le
h
ad
b
ec
o
m
e
m
o
r
e
d
an
g
e
r
an
d
d
am
a
g
ed
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
d
ia
m
eter
o
f
v
o
id
o
n
th
e
i
n
s
u
lato
r
is
lar
g
er
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
s
h
o
w
s
a
g
r
ap
h
o
f
c
u
r
r
en
t
d
en
s
it
y
w
i
th
v
ar
io
u
s
d
i
a
m
eter
o
f
v
o
id
o
n
X
L
P
E
in
s
u
lato
r
.
T
h
e
g
r
ap
h
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
m
ax
i
m
u
m
cu
r
r
en
t
d
en
s
it
y
is
at
t
h
e
0
c
m
w
h
ic
h
is
n
ea
r
th
e
co
n
d
u
cto
r
o
f
th
e
ca
b
le
w
h
ile
cu
r
r
en
t d
en
s
it
y
w
ill d
r
o
p
to
al
m
o
s
t z
er
o
at
th
e
v
o
id
ar
ea
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
ed
at
o
u
ts
id
e
ar
ea
o
f
th
e
v
o
id
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
E
lectr
ic
f
ield
w
it
h
v
ar
io
u
s
d
ia
m
eter
o
f
v
o
id
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
C
u
r
r
en
t d
en
s
it
y
w
it
h
v
ar
io
u
s
d
ia
m
eter
o
f
v
o
id
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f E
lectric F
ield
a
n
d
C
u
r
r
en
t D
en
s
ity
o
n
X
LPE
I
n
s
u
la
to
r
(
M.
H.
M.
S
h
a
r
if)
3101
T
ab
le
5
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
e
x
ac
t
v
al
u
e
o
f
b
o
th
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
a
n
d
cu
r
r
en
t
d
en
s
it
y
o
n
XL
P
E
i
n
s
u
lat
o
r
.
E
m
ax
i
s
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
ea
k
v
alu
e
o
f
t
h
e
elec
tr
ic
f
iel
d
b
y
r
ef
er
r
i
n
g
to
t
h
e
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
0
a
n
d
J
m
ax
i
s
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
h
ig
h
e
s
t v
al
u
e
o
f
c
u
r
r
en
t d
en
s
it
y
b
y
r
ef
er
r
in
g
to
th
e
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
T
ab
le
5
.
M
in
i
m
u
m
a
n
d
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
o
f
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t d
en
s
itie
s
w
it
h
d
ia
m
eter
o
f
v
o
id
D
i
a
me
t
e
r
o
f
v
o
i
d
(
mm
)
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
F
i
e
l
d
,
(
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
D
e
n
si
t
i
e
s,
M
i
n
i
m
u
m
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
M
i
n
i
m
u
m
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
0
.
4
2
3
4
5
4
6
6
8
.
8
3
1
.
3
7
x
1
0
-
14
1
.
6
1
x
1
0
-
7
0
.
7
1
9
6
5
5
2
2
7
.
3
1
1
.
4
9
x
1
0
-
14
1
.
5
6
x
1
0
-
7
1
.
0
1
5
1
2
.
9
2
5
4
3
6
.
0
5
1
.
4
7
x
1
0
-
14
1
.
4
5
x
1
0
-
7
1
.
3
1
1
0
5
.
2
7
5
5
0
1
.
0
8
1
.
4
0
x
1
0
-
14
1
.
3
1
x
1
0
-
7
1
.
6
1
1
6
5
.
0
1
5
4
2
7
.
0
6
1
.
2
8
x
1
0
-
14
1
.
2
1
x
1
0
-
7
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
s
h
o
w
s
a
g
r
ap
h
o
f
E
m
ax
w
it
h
e
f
f
ec
t o
f
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
v
o
i
d
d
ia
m
eter
o
n
X
L
P
E
in
s
u
lato
r
.
T
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
E
m
ax
h
a
s
b
ee
n
in
cr
ea
s
ed
wh
en
t
h
e
d
ia
m
eter
o
f
th
e
v
o
id
is
lar
g
er
.
I
t
s
h
o
w
s
th
at
lar
g
er
d
ia
m
eter
o
f
th
e
v
o
id
w
il
l d
is
to
r
t
m
o
r
e
o
r
ig
in
a
l e
lect
r
ic
f
ield
an
d
ca
n
ca
u
s
e
h
ig
h
er
r
is
k
a
n
d
d
an
g
er
f
o
r
HVD
C
ca
b
le.
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
s
h
o
w
s
a
g
r
ap
h
o
f
J
m
ax
w
i
th
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
v
o
id
d
iam
e
ter
o
f
v
o
id
o
n
X
L
P
E
in
s
u
lato
r
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
g
r
ap
h
,
J
m
ax
is
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
w
h
en
t
h
e
d
ia
m
eter
o
f
t
h
e
v
o
id
i
s
lar
g
er
.
I
t s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
lar
g
er
d
ia
m
eter
o
f
th
e
v
o
id
ca
n
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
t
h
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies o
f
t
h
e
in
s
u
lato
r
to
co
n
d
u
ct
cu
r
r
en
t d
en
s
i
t
y
o
n
t
h
e
i
n
s
u
lato
r
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
.
E
m
a
x
v
al
u
e
w
it
h
e
f
f
ec
t o
f
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t v
o
id
d
ia
m
eter
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
.
J
m
ax
v
alu
e
w
i
th
e
f
f
e
ct
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
v
o
id
d
ia
m
eter
3
.
3
.
Si
m
ula
t
io
n
a
n
d
A
na
ly
s
is
o
f
E
lect
ric
F
ield
a
nd
Curr
ent
Densi
t
y
o
n
Dis
t
a
nce
o
f
Vo
id
f
ro
m
Co
nd
uct
o
r
Fig
u
r
e
1
4
s
h
o
w
s
a
g
r
ap
h
o
f
t
h
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
w
it
h
v
ar
io
u
s
d
is
tan
ce
o
f
v
o
id
.
B
ased
o
n
t
h
e
g
r
ap
h
,
it
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
v
alu
e
o
f
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
at
a
v
o
id
ar
ea
s
li
g
h
tl
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
w
h
e
n
th
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
o
f
v
o
id
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
co
n
d
u
cto
r
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
5
s
h
o
w
s
a
g
r
ap
h
o
f
c
u
r
r
en
t
d
e
n
s
it
y
w
i
th
v
ar
io
u
s
d
i
s
tan
ce
o
f
v
o
id
.
B
ased
o
n
t
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
,
t
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
c
u
r
r
en
t
d
e
n
s
it
y
s
li
g
h
t
l
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
i
n
g
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
d
i
s
tan
ce
o
f
v
o
id
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
n
d
u
c
to
r
is
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
w
h
ile
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
c
u
r
r
en
t d
en
s
itie
s
a
t th
e
v
o
id
ar
ea
w
er
e
al
m
o
s
t z
er
o
.
T
ab
le
6
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
t
h
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
an
d
c
u
r
r
en
t
d
e
n
s
it
ies
w
i
th
th
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
o
f
v
o
id
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
co
n
d
u
cto
r
is
v
ar
ied
f
r
o
m
4
.
7
m
m
to
5
.
9
mm.
Fro
m
t
h
e
r
es
u
lts
,
a
d
is
tan
ce
o
f
v
o
id
at
4
7
m
m
f
r
o
m
co
n
d
u
cto
r
h
as
h
ig
h
e
s
t
E
m
ax
an
d
lo
w
est
at
5
.
9
m
m
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
co
n
d
u
cto
r
.
F
o
r
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
c
u
r
r
en
t
d
en
s
itie
s
(
J
m
ax
)
w
h
e
n
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
o
f
v
o
id
is
4
.
7
m
m
f
r
o
m
co
n
d
u
cto
r
s
i
m
u
la
te
lo
w
e
s
t
J
m
ax
an
d
d
is
ta
n
ce
o
f
5
.
9
m
m
s
i
m
u
late
h
i
g
h
est
v
a
lu
e
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t d
en
s
itie
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
6
b
elo
w
s
h
o
w
s
a
g
r
ap
h
o
f
E
m
ax
v
al
u
e
w
it
h
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
d
is
tan
ce
o
f
v
o
id
f
r
o
m
co
n
d
u
cto
r
.
B
ased
o
n
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
,
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
E
max
i
s
d
ec
r
ea
s
i
n
g
w
h
en
th
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
o
f
v
o
id
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
n
d
u
c
to
r
is
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
w
h
ic
h
i
s
f
u
r
th
er
a
w
a
y
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
co
n
d
u
cto
r
.
I
t
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
o
f
H
VDC
ca
b
le
w
ill
b
e
m
o
r
e
d
is
to
r
ted
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
v
o
id
is
n
ea
r
er
to
th
e
co
n
d
u
cto
r
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
7
:
3
0
9
5
–
3
1
0
4
3102
Fig
u
r
e
1
7
s
h
o
w
s
a
g
r
ap
h
o
f
J
m
ax
ag
ai
n
s
t
th
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
o
f
v
o
id
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
co
n
d
u
cto
r
.
T
h
e
d
is
tan
ce
o
f
v
o
id
is
also
s
i
m
u
lated
s
tar
ti
n
g
f
r
o
m
0
m
m
w
h
ic
h
is
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
J
m
ax
d
u
r
in
g
n
o
r
m
al
co
n
d
i
tio
n
.
T
h
e
in
s
u
la
to
r
ca
n
ca
r
r
y
cu
r
r
en
t
h
i
g
h
er
w
h
e
n
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
v
o
id
is
f
u
r
t
h
er
a
w
a
y
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
n
d
u
cto
r
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
4
.
E
lectr
ic
f
ield
w
it
h
v
ar
io
u
s
d
is
tan
ce
o
f
v
o
id
f
r
o
m
co
n
d
u
cto
r
Fig
u
r
e
1
5
.
C
u
r
r
en
t d
en
s
it
y
w
it
h
v
ar
io
u
s
d
is
ta
n
ce
o
f
v
o
id
f
r
o
m
co
n
d
u
cto
r
T
ab
le
6
.
Min
i
m
u
m
a
n
d
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
o
f
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t d
en
s
itie
s
w
it
h
d
is
ta
n
ce
o
f
v
o
i
d
D
i
st
a
n
c
e
o
f
v
o
i
d
(
mm
)
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
F
i
e
l
d
,
(
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
D
e
n
si
t
i
e
s,
M
i
n
i
m
u
m
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
M
i
n
i
m
u
m
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
4
.
7
2
3
8
8
.
7
6
5
8
4
9
.
6
8
1
.
7
5
x
1
0
-
14
1
.
5
x
1
0
-
7
5
.
0
2
8
3
7
.
3
9
5
5
9
9
.
2
2
1
.
6
0
x
1
0
-
14
1
.
5
9
x
1
0
-
7
5
.
3
2
3
9
1
.
9
5
5
1
8
.
4
2
1
.
6
0
x
1
0
-
14
1
.
6
2
x
1
0
-
7
5
.
6
2
3
3
6
.
8
3
5
0
6
3
.
3
5
1
.
4
8
x
1
0
-
14
1
.
6
1
x
1
0
-
7
5
.
9
2
2
6
4
.
4
4
8
6
2
.
7
7
1
.
3
9
x
1
0
-
14
1
.
6
2
x
1
0
-
7
Fig
u
r
e
1
6
.
E
m
ax
v
al
u
e
w
it
h
ef
f
ec
t o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
d
is
tan
ce
o
f
v
o
id
f
r
o
m
co
n
d
u
ct
o
r
Fig
u
r
e
1
7
.
J
m
ax
v
alu
e
w
i
th
e
f
f
e
ct
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t d
is
ta
n
ce
o
f
v
o
id
f
r
o
m
co
n
d
u
cto
r
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
B
y
u
s
in
g
th
i
s
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e,
t
h
e
X
L
P
E
ca
b
le
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
an
a
l
y
ze
d
w
h
ic
h
i
s
m
ax
i
m
u
m
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
(
E
m
ax
)
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
w
h
e
n
d
ia
m
eter
o
f
v
o
id
is
in
cr
ea
s
e
a
n
d
d
is
tan
ce
o
f
v
o
id
f
r
o
m
co
n
d
u
cto
r
is
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
.
W
h
ile,
m
ax
i
m
u
m
c
u
r
r
en
t
d
e
n
s
it
y
(
J
m
a
x
)
is
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
w
h
e
n
d
ia
m
eter
o
f
v
o
id
is
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
an
d
d
is
t
an
ce
o
f
v
o
id
f
r
o
m
co
n
d
u
cto
r
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
o
f
th
is
s
i
m
u
latio
n
ca
n
b
e
id
en
ti
f
ied
.
Fo
r
v
ar
y
in
g
t
h
e
d
ia
m
eter
o
f
t
h
e
v
o
id
,
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lt
s
s
h
o
w
th
a
t
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
d
ia
m
eter
o
f
th
e
v
o
id
i
s
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
,
it
w
ill
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
h
ig
h
er
v
alu
e
o
f
E
m
ax
an
d
J
m
ax
.
T
h
i
s
h
ap
p
en
s
b
ec
au
s
e
c
o
n
d
u
cti
v
it
y
o
f
air
i
s
lo
w
er
t
h
an
c
o
n
d
u
c
tiv
i
t
y
o
f
X
L
P
E
in
s
u
la
to
r
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
lar
g
est
v
al
u
e
o
f
E
m
a
x
w
ill
b
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
at
lar
g
est
d
ia
m
eter
o
f
t
h
e
v
o
id
w
h
ic
h
i
s
1
.
6
m
m
.
Fo
r
v
ar
y
i
n
g
d
is
ta
n
ce
o
f
v
o
id
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
co
n
d
u
ct
o
r
,
v
o
id
at
n
ea
r
est
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f E
lectric F
ield
a
n
d
C
u
r
r
en
t D
en
s
ity
o
n
X
LPE
I
n
s
u
la
to
r
(
M.
H.
M.
S
h
a
r
if)
3103
d
is
tan
ce
f
r
o
m
co
n
d
u
cto
r
p
r
o
d
u
ce
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
E
m
a
x
a
n
d
J
m
a
x
.
T
h
is
i
s
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
v
a
lu
e
o
f
ele
ctr
ic
f
ie
ld
p
r
o
d
u
ce
n
ea
r
th
e
co
n
d
u
cto
r
is
h
ig
h
er
an
d
w
i
ll
b
ec
o
m
e
lo
w
er
w
h
en
f
u
r
t
h
er
a
w
a
y
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
n
d
u
cto
r
.
T
h
u
s
,
n
ea
r
est
d
is
tan
ce
o
f
v
o
id
f
r
o
m
co
n
d
u
ct
o
r
w
ill
p
r
o
d
u
ce
t
h
e
h
ig
h
e
s
t
v
a
lu
e
o
f
E
m
ax
a
n
d
J
m
ax
w
h
ic
h
i
s
at
4
.
7
m
m
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
n
d
u
cto
r
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
g
r
ate
f
u
ll
y
ac
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
t
h
e
U
n
i
v
er
s
iti
T
u
n
Hu
s
s
ein
On
n
Ma
la
y
s
ia,
P
o
w
er
an
d
R
en
e
w
ab
le
E
n
er
g
y
T
ea
m
(
P
aRENT
)
,
an
d
Hig
h
Vo
lta
g
e
L
a
b
o
r
ato
r
y
UT
HM
f
o
r
th
e
eq
u
ip
m
en
t s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
R.
A
ro
ra
a
n
d
W
.
M
o
sc
h
,
“
Hig
h
Vo
lt
a
g
e
a
n
d
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
In
s
u
latio
n
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,”
2
0
1
1
.
[2
]
J.
R.
Clay
c
o
m
b
,
“
A
p
p
li
e
d
El
e
c
tro
m
a
g
n
e
t
ics
Us
in
g
Qu
ick
f
ield
a
n
d
M
a
tl
a
b
,
”
In
f
in
it
y
S
c
ien
c
e
P
re
ss
L
L
C.
[3
]
N.
A
.
Oth
m
a
n
,
M
.
A
.
M
.
P
iah
,
Z
.
A
d
z
is,
H.
A
h
m
a
d
,
a
n
d
N.
A
.
Ah
m
a
d
,
“
S
imu
la
ti
o
n
o
f
v
o
lt
a
g
e
a
n
d
e
lec
tric
-
fi
e
ld
d
istrib
u
ti
o
n
fo
r
c
o
n
ta
mi
n
a
te
d
g
l
a
ss
in
su
la
t
o
r,”
P
r
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
-
2
0
1
3
IEE
E
S
tu
d
e
n
t
Co
n
f
.
Re
s.
De
v
.
S
CORe
D
2
0
1
3
,
n
o
.
De
c
e
m
b
e
r,
p
p
.
1
1
6
–
1
2
0
,
2
0
1
5
.
[4
]
J.
A
.
M
o
ra
les
,
P
.
G
a
v
e
la,
N.
M
o
ra
les
,
a
n
d
J.
C.
M
o
n
tes
d
e
o
c
a
,
“
E
lec
tro
ma
g
n
e
ti
c
fi
e
ld
s
sim
u
la
t
io
n
o
n
d
istr
ib
u
ti
o
n
fee
d
e
rs
,
”
2
0
1
5
IEE
E
NW
Ru
ss
ia
Yo
u
n
g
Re
se
a
rc
h
e
rs
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
En
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
(EI
Co
n
R
u
sN
W
).
p
p
.
2
4
5
–
2
5
0
,
2
0
1
5
.
[5
]
E.
Ba
sh
,
“
Hig
h
-
V
o
l
tag
e
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
T
h
e
o
ry
a
n
d
P
ra
c
ti
c
e
,
”
P
h
D
P
r
o
p
o
s
.
,
v
o
l.
1
,
2
0
1
5
.
[6
]
F
.
Ula
b
y
,
E.
M
ich
ielss
e
n
,
a
n
d
U
.
Ra
v
a
io
li
,
“
F
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tals o
f
A
p
p
li
e
d
El
e
c
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
s,” p
.
5
2
8
,
2
0
1
0
.
[7
]
W
.
Ch
o
o
a
n
d
G
.
Ch
e
n
,
“
El
e
c
tri
c
f
i
e
ld
d
e
term
in
a
ti
o
n
in
DC
p
o
ly
m
e
r
ic
p
o
w
e
r
c
a
b
le
in
th
e
p
re
se
n
c
e
o
f
sp
a
c
e
c
h
a
rg
e
a
n
d
tem
p
e
ra
tu
re
g
ra
d
ien
t
u
n
d
e
r
d
c
c
o
n
d
it
io
n
s,” 2
0
0
8
.
[8
]
C.
C.
Re
d
d
y
a
n
d
T
.
S
.
Ra
m
u
,
“
On
th
e
c
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
o
f
e
lec
tri
c
f
i
e
ld
a
n
d
tem
p
e
ra
tu
re
d
istri
b
u
t
i
o
n
in
HV
DC
c
a
b
l
e
in
su
lati
o
n
,
”
El
e
c
tr.
In
su
l.
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.,
v
o
l.
1
3
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
2
3
6
–
1
2
4
4
,
2
0
0
6
.
[9
]
M
.
N.
O.
S
a
d
ik
u
,
“
El
e
m
e
n
ts
o
f
El
e
c
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
s,” n
o
.
1
8
8
7
,
p
p
.
3
–
6
,
2
0
1
0
.
[1
0
]
D.
P
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
a
,
S
.
H.
Ja
y
a
r
a
m
,
a
n
d
E.
A
.
Ch
e
rn
e
y
,
“
Ca
lcu
latio
n
o
f
c
u
rre
n
t
d
e
n
sity
,
”
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
3
7
5
–
3
7
8
,
2
0
0
3
.
[1
1
]
M
.
S
.
Na
id
u
,
Hig
h
V
o
lt
a
g
e
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
.
M
c
G
ra
w
-
Hill
.
[1
2
]
P
.
D.
De
g
ra
d
a
ti
o
n
,
S
.
In
su
lato
rs,
W
.
A
n
,
A
.
V
.
A
t,
a
n
d
L
.
Nitro
g
e
n
,
“
P
a
rti
a
l
d
isc
h
a
rg
e
d
e
g
ra
d
a
ti
o
n
,
”
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
4
6
7
,
p
p
.
3
6
9
–
3
7
2
,
1
9
9
9
.
[1
3
]
N.
G
.
T
rin
h
,
“
P
a
rti
a
l
d
isc
h
a
rg
e
X
I
X
:
d
isc
h
a
rg
e
in
a
ir
p
a
rt
I:
p
h
y
sic
a
l
m
e
c
h
a
n
ism
s,”
IEE
E
El
e
c
trica
l
In
su
la
ti
o
n
M
a
g
a
zin
e
,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
n
o
.
2
.
p
p
.
2
3
–
2
9
,
1
9
9
5
.
[1
4
]
P
.
L
iu
,
L
.
Ch
e
n
g
,
H
.
M
e
i,
a
n
d
L
.
W
a
n
g
,
“
In
su
lato
r
w
it
h
In
ter
n
a
l
D
e
fe
c
t,
”
p
p
.
1
0
11
–
1
0
1
4
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
5
]
N.
Yo
sh
if
u
ji
,
T
.
Niw
a
,
T
.
T
a
k
a
h
a
si,
a
n
d
H.
M
iy
a
ta,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
n
e
w
p
o
ly
m
e
r
in
su
lati
n
g
m
a
teria
ls
f
o
r
HV
DC c
a
b
le,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
P
o
we
r De
li
v
.
,
1
9
9
2
.
[1
6
]
L
e
a
d
e
r,
“
X
lp
e
In
su
late
d
P
o
w
e
r
C
a
b
le.”
[1
7
]
Ch
risti
a
n
F
o
lt
in
g
,
“
In
f
lu
e
n
c
e
o
f
in
su
latio
n
th
ick
n
e
ss
o
n
t
h
e
e
lec
tri
c
P
r
o
p
e
rti
e
s
o
f
u
n
f
il
led
µm
-
siz
e
d
th
e
r
m
o
se
ts.
”
[1
8
]
M
.
M
u
h
r,
E
.
Ne
g
e
s,
R.
W
o
sc
h
it
z
,
a
n
d
C.
S
u
m
e
re
d
e
r,
“
Ag
in
g
b
e
h
a
v
io
u
r
o
f
c
ro
ss
-
li
n
k
e
d
p
o
lye
th
y
len
e
(
XL
PE
)
a
s
a
n
in
su
l
a
ti
n
g
ma
ter
ia
l
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
(
HV)
-
a
n
d
e
x
tra
-
h
ig
h
v
o
lt
a
g
e
c
a
b
les
(
EHV)
,
”
17
t
h
A
n
n
u
.
M
e
e
t.
IEE
E
L
a
s
e
rs
El
e
c
tro
-
Op
ti
c
s S
o
c
.
2
0
0
4
.
L
EOS
2
0
0
4
,
p
p
.
2
3
2
–
2
3
6
,
2
0
0
4
.
[1
9
]
T
.
T
a
k
a
h
a
sh
i,
T
.
Ku
sa
ish
i,
T
.
Tak
a
h
a
sh
i,
H.
S
u
z
u
k
i,
a
n
d
T
.
Ok
a
m
o
to
,
“
S
S
-
1
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
P
re
-
b
re
a
k
d
o
w
n
Disc
h
a
rg
e
De
te
c
ti
o
n
T
e
st f
o
r
Ag
e
d
X
L
P
E
C
a
b
le
to
F
i
n
d
A
De
terio
r
a
ti
n
g
W
a
ter T
r
e
e
,
”
v
o
l.
2
0
1
1
,
p
.
2
0
1
1
.
[2
0
]
F
.
Du
c
h
a
tea
u
,
E.
De
F
ra
n
c
e
,
a
n
d
L
.
Re
n
a
rd
ik
re
s,
“
o
f
Hig
h
V
o
lt
a
g
e
Ca
b
les
in
F
ra
n
c
e
,
”
p
p
.
2
7
–
30.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
M
u
h
a
m
m
a
d
H
a
r
iz
M
o
h
d
S
h
a
r
if
is
g
ra
d
u
a
ted
in
Ba
c
h
e
lo
r
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
u
n
Hu
ss
e
in
On
n
M
a
la
y
sia
(2
0
1
7
).
His
re
se
a
rc
h
e
s
a
re
in
f
i
e
ld
s
o
f
e
le
c
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(p
o
w
e
r),
h
ig
h
v
o
lt
a
g
e
,
HV
DC
c
a
b
le
a
n
d
Qu
ick
f
ield
s
o
f
twa
re
.
He
is
a
lso
in
v
o
lv
e
d
i
n
ro
w
in
g
sp
o
rt.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
7
:
3
0
9
5
–
3
1
0
4
3104
No
r
A
k
m
a
l
M
o
h
d
J
a
m
a
il
is
a
lec
tu
re
r
o
f
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
u
n
H
u
ss
e
in
On
n
M
a
lay
s
ia
sin
c
e
2
0
0
8
.
S
h
e
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
Ba
c
h
e
lo
r
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
in
2
0
0
5
,
M
.
En
g
in
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
ste
m
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
u
n
Hu
ss
e
in
On
n
M
a
la
y
sia
in
2
0
0
7
a
n
d
P
h
.
D.
i
n
Hig
h
V
o
lt
a
g
e
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
Tek
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
l
a
y
sia
,
i
n
2
0
1
5
.
He
r
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
c
o
n
d
i
ti
o
n
m
o
n
it
o
ri
n
g
o
f
p
o
ly
m
e
r
n
a
n
o
c
o
m
p
o
site
in
su
latio
n
f
o
r
HV
p
u
r
p
o
se
,
d
iele
c
tri
c
s
a
n
d
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
in
su
latio
n
.
S
h
e
is
re
g
istere
d
w
it
h
th
e
Bo
a
rd
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rs M
a
la
y
sia
(BEM
).
No
r
d
ia
n
a
A
z
li
n
O
th
m
a
n
wa
s
b
o
r
n
in
Jo
h
o
r
,
M
a
lay
sia
o
n
Ja
n
u
a
ry
1
9
,
1
9
8
6
.
S
h
e
re
c
e
iv
e
d
Dip
lo
m
a
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
a
n
d
B.
E
n
g
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
r
siti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
si
a
(U
T
M
)
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
in
2
0
0
7
a
n
d
2
0
1
0
.
S
h
e
c
o
m
p
lete
d
h
e
r
P
h
D
in
S
p
a
c
e
Ch
a
rg
e
Distirb
u
ti
o
n
a
t
In
stit
u
te
o
f
Hig
h
Vo
lt
a
g
e
a
n
d
Hig
h
C
u
rre
n
t
(I
V
A
T
)
in
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
UT
M
.
H
e
r
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
st
in
c
lu
d
e
s
th
e
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
a
n
d
d
iag
n
o
stics
o
f
p
a
rti
a
l
d
isc
h
a
rg
e
a
n
d
s
p
a
c
e
c
h
a
rg
e
in
i
n
su
lati
o
n
f
o
r
c
o
n
d
i
ti
o
n
m
o
n
i
to
rin
g
.
M
.
S
.
K
a
m
a
r
u
d
i
n
o
b
tain
e
d
h
is
B.
En
g
.
a
n
d
M
.
En
g
.
De
g
re
e
s
in
E
lec
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
P
o
w
e
r)
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
(UT
M
)
in
2
0
0
3
a
n
d
2
0
0
5
,
re
s
p
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
,
a
n
d
a
P
h
.
D.
in
Hig
h
V
o
l
tag
e
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Ca
rd
iff
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
UK
,
in
2
0
1
4
.
C
u
rre
n
tl
y
,
h
e
is
a
se
n
io
r
lec
tu
re
r
i
n
th
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
&
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
t
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
u
n
Hu
ss
e
in
On
n
M
a
la
y
sia
(UT
HM).
His
re
s
e
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
g
a
s
d
isc
h
a
rg
e
s,
h
ig
h
v
o
lt
a
g
e
su
rg
e
a
rre
ste
rs,
a
n
d
d
iele
c
tri
c
s
a
n
d
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
in
su
lat
io
n
sy
ste
m
.
He
is
re
g
istere
d
with
t
h
e
Bo
a
rd
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rs
M
a
la
y
sia
(BEM
).
He
is
a
lso
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
IEE
E
a
n
d
a
g
ra
d
u
a
te m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
In
stit
u
ti
o
n
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rs,
M
a
lay
sia
(IE
M
).
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.