I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l a
nd
Co
m
p
ute
r
E
ng
in
ee
ring
(
I
J
E
CE
)
Vo
l
.
8
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
201
8
,
p
p
.
1
6
1
8
~
1
6
2
8
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
ec
e
.
v8
i
3
.
p
p
1
6
1
8
-
1628
1618
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ia
e
s
co
r
e
.
co
m/
jo
u
r
n
a
ls
/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/
I
JE
C
E
Ex
po
nential M
LWDF
(E
XP
-
M
L
WDF)
Do
w
nlink
Scheduling
Alg
o
rith
m
Ev
a
lua
ted
in LT
E
for
H
ig
h Mo
bility
a
n
d Dense
Area
Scena
rio
I
s
m
a
il A
ng
ri
1
,
M
o
ha
m
m
e
d
M
a
hfo
ud
i
2
,
Abdella
h
Na
j
id
3
,
M
o
ulh
i
m
e
E
l
B
e
kk
a
li
4
1,
3
T
e
lec
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
s,
N
e
tw
o
rk
s
a
n
d
S
e
rv
ice
s lab
o
ra
to
ry
-
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
I
n
stit
u
te o
f
P
o
sts a
n
d
T
e
lec
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
(INP
T
)
Ra
b
a
t,
M
o
ro
c
c
o
2,
4
T
ra
n
s
m
issio
n
a
n
d
Da
ta P
r
o
c
e
ss
in
g
L
a
b
o
ra
to
ry
(
L
TT
I)
-
S
u
p
e
rio
r
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
-
F
e
z
,
M
o
r
o
c
c
o
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
J
an
8
,
2
0
1
8
R
ev
i
s
ed
A
p
r
2
,
2
0
1
8
A
cc
ep
ted
A
p
r
1
0
,
2
0
1
8
No
w
a
d
a
y
s,
w
it
h
th
e
a
d
v
e
n
t
o
f
sm
a
rtp
h
o
n
e
s,
m
o
st
o
f
p
e
o
p
le
sta
rt
e
d
to
m
a
k
e
v
o
ice
a
n
d
v
id
e
o
c
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
c
a
l
ls
c
o
n
ti
n
u
o
u
sly
e
v
e
n
in
a
h
ig
h
m
o
b
il
it
y
sc
e
n
a
rio
,
th
e
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
re
q
u
ire
m
e
n
ts
h
a
v
e
in
c
re
a
se
d
c
o
n
sid
e
ra
b
ly
,
w
h
ich
c
a
n
c
a
u
se
n
e
t
w
o
rk
c
o
n
g
e
stio
n
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
a
.
T
o
a
v
o
id
n
e
tw
o
rk
c
o
n
g
e
stio
n
p
ro
b
lem
s
a
n
d
to
su
p
p
o
rt
h
ig
h
m
o
b
il
it
y
sc
e
n
a
rio
,
3
G
P
P
h
a
s
d
e
v
e
lo
p
e
d
a
n
e
w
c
e
ll
u
lar
sta
n
d
a
rd
b
a
se
d
p
a
c
k
e
t
sw
it
c
h
in
g
,
t
e
rm
e
d
LT
E
(Lo
n
g
T
e
r
m
Ev
o
lu
ti
o
n
).
T
h
e
p
u
rp
o
se
o
f
th
is
p
a
p
e
r
is
to
e
v
a
lu
a
te
th
e
p
e
r
f
o
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
th
e
n
e
w
p
ro
p
o
se
d
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
,
n
a
m
e
d
Ex
p
o
n
e
n
ti
a
l
M
o
d
if
ied
L
a
rg
e
st
W
e
ig
h
ted
De
la
y
F
irst
„EX
P
-
M
L
W
DF‟,
fo
r
h
ig
h
m
o
b
il
it
y
sc
e
n
a
rio
a
n
d
w
it
h
th
e
p
re
se
n
c
e
o
f
a
larg
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
a
c
ti
v
e
u
se
rs,
in
c
o
m
p
a
riso
n
w
it
h
th
e
w
e
ll
-
k
n
o
w
n
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
s
su
c
h
a
s
a
p
ro
p
o
rti
o
n
a
l
f
a
ir
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
(P
F
),
E
x
p
o
n
e
n
t
ial
P
r
o
p
o
rti
o
n
a
l
F
a
irn
e
ss
(EXP
/
P
F
)
,
L
o
g
a
rit
h
m
Ru
le
(
L
O
G
-
Ru
le),
E
x
p
o
n
e
n
t
ial
Ru
le
(EXP
-
Ru
le)
a
n
d
M
o
d
if
ied
L
a
r
g
e
st
W
e
ig
h
ted
De
la
y
F
irst
(
M
L
W
DF).
T
h
e
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
is
c
o
n
d
u
c
ted
i
n
term
s
o
f
s
y
ste
m
t
h
ro
u
g
h
p
u
t,
d
e
lay
a
n
d
P
L
R.
F
in
a
ll
y
,
it
w
il
l
b
e
c
o
n
c
l
u
d
e
d
th
a
t
th
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
sc
h
e
d
u
ler
sa
ti
sf
ie
s
th
e
q
u
a
li
ty
o
f
se
r
v
ice
(Q
o
S
)
re
q
u
irem
e
n
ts
o
f
th
e
re
a
l
-
ti
m
e
traff
ic
in
term
s
o
f
p
a
c
k
e
t
lo
ss
ra
ti
o
(
P
L
R
),
a
v
e
ra
g
e
th
ro
u
g
h
p
u
t
a
n
d
p
a
c
k
e
t
d
e
la
y
.
Be
c
a
u
se
o
f
th
e
tra
ff
ic
e
v
o
lu
ti
o
n
,
so
m
e
k
e
y
issu
e
s
re
late
d
to
sc
h
e
d
u
li
n
g
stra
teg
ies
th
a
t
w
il
l
b
e
c
o
n
sid
e
re
d
in
th
e
f
u
tu
re
re
q
u
irem
e
n
ts
a
re
d
isc
u
ss
e
d
in
th
is
a
rti
c
le.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
:
L
T
E
ML
W
DF
Qo
S
R
ad
io
r
eso
u
r
ce
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
R
ea
l ti
m
e
tr
af
f
ic
Sch
ed
u
l
in
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
2
0
1
8
In
stit
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts
re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
I
s
m
ail
An
g
r
i,
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
S
y
s
te
m
s
,
Net
w
o
r
k
s
a
n
d
Ser
v
ices la
b
o
r
at
o
r
y
,
Natio
n
al
I
n
s
tit
u
te
o
f
P
o
s
ts
a
n
d
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
(
I
NP
T
)
,
Av
e
n
u
e
A
l
lal
E
lf
a
s
s
i,
R
ab
at,
Mo
r
o
cc
o
.
E
m
ail:
i
s
m
a
il.a
n
g
r
i
@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
C
u
s
to
m
er
d
e
m
a
n
d
f
o
r
n
e
w
s
er
v
ices
in
m
o
b
ile
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
,
w
it
h
h
i
g
h
q
u
alit
y
(
Q
OS)
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
f
r
o
m
d
a
y
to
d
a
y
.
D
u
e
to
th
is
e
x
p
o
n
e
n
tial
i
n
cr
ea
s
e,
o
p
er
ato
r
s
r
eq
u
i
r
e
a
w
id
er
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
,
h
i
g
h
ef
f
icien
c
y
an
d
lo
w
co
s
t [
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
I
n
a
d
en
s
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
w
it
h
h
ig
h
-
s
p
ee
d
UE
s
,
r
ad
io
r
eso
u
r
ce
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
is
b
ec
o
m
in
g
a
b
ig
p
r
o
b
lem
,
s
o
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
a
n
ef
f
ic
ien
t sc
h
ed
u
l
in
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
w
ill
b
e
m
a
n
d
ato
r
y
[
3
]
.
Sev
er
al
f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
t
h
e
Qo
S
o
f
th
e
L
T
E
an
d
L
T
E
-
A
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
.
Am
o
n
g
t
h
e
m
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
ch
an
n
el
co
n
d
it
io
n
s
,
t
h
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
s
er
v
ices
u
s
ed
a
n
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
ad
io
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
av
ailab
l
e
to
ea
ch
u
s
er
.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
b
lo
ck
(
R
B
)
is
th
at
ad
o
p
ted
b
y
L
T
E
as
a
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
u
n
it.
T
h
e
R
B
is
a
b
lo
ck
o
f
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
w
it
h
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
OFDM
s
y
m
b
o
l
s
,
o
p
er
atin
g
i
n
b
o
th
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
a
n
d
ti
m
e
d
o
m
a
i
n
[
1
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
E
xp
o
n
en
tia
l MLW
DF
(
E
X
P
-
M
L
W
DF
)
Do
w
n
lin
k
S
ch
ed
u
lin
g
A
lg
o
r
ith
m
E
va
lu
a
ted
i
n
LT
E
…
(
I
s
ma
il A
n
g
r
i
)
1619
B
o
th
T
DD
an
d
FDD
m
o
d
es
a
r
e
u
s
ed
to
o
p
er
ate
a
n
L
T
E
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
.
As
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
,
th
e
L
T
E
f
r
a
m
e
i
n
t
h
e
FDD
m
o
d
e
h
as
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
1
0
m
s
,
d
i
v
id
ed
in
to
1
0
s
u
b
f
r
a
m
e
s
w
i
th
d
u
r
a
tio
n
o
f
1
m
s
.
E
ac
h
s
u
b
f
r
a
m
e
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
t
w
o
ti
m
e
s
lo
ts
o
f
5
0
0
n
s
.
A
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
i
x
o
r
s
ev
e
n
OF
DM
s
y
m
b
o
l
s
r
ep
r
esen
t
a
s
i
n
g
le
s
lo
t [
4
].
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
L
T
E
Fra
m
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
[
5
]
T
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es
o
f
L
T
E
ar
e
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
h
i
g
h
m
o
b
ilit
y
a
n
d
to
av
o
id
n
et
w
o
r
k
co
n
g
e
s
tio
n
[
6
]
.
A
s
i
n
t
h
e
ca
s
e
o
f
u
p
li
n
k
b
an
d
s
[
7
]
,
d
o
w
n
li
n
k
s
ch
ed
u
li
n
g
al
g
o
r
it
h
m
s
m
u
s
t
e
n
s
u
r
e
a
g
o
o
d
s
h
ar
i
n
g
o
f
ex
is
ti
n
g
r
ad
io
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
an
d
esp
ec
iall
y
in
t
h
e
ca
s
e
o
f
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
tr
a
f
f
ic
(
V
id
eo
an
d
VOI
P
s
tr
ea
m
s
)
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
i
s
p
ap
er
is
to
ev
al
u
ate
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
n
e
w
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
i
n
L
T
E
s
y
s
te
m
,
n
a
m
ed
E
x
p
o
n
en
tial
Mo
d
if
ied
L
ar
g
e
s
t
W
eig
h
ted
Dela
y
Fir
s
t
„
E
XP
-
ML
W
D
F‟
,
f
o
r
h
ig
h
m
o
b
il
it
y
s
ce
n
ar
io
,
w
ith
t
h
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
a
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ac
ti
v
e
u
s
er
s
.
2.
S
CH
E
DU
L
I
NG
ST
RA
T
E
G
I
E
S
T
h
e
MA
C
(
Me
d
iu
m
A
cc
es
s
C
o
n
tr
o
l)
la
y
er
is
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
la
y
er
at
th
e
b
ase
s
tat
io
n
o
f
th
e
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
I
n
L
T
E
,
th
e
s
ep
ar
atio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
u
p
lin
k
an
d
d
o
w
n
li
n
k
s
c
h
ed
u
l
in
g
d
ec
i
s
io
n
s
is
as
s
u
r
ed
,
an
d
th
e
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t o
f
b
o
th
t
y
p
e
s
is
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t.
A
p
ar
a
m
eter
c
alled
C
QI
(
C
h
a
n
n
el
Q
u
alit
y
I
n
d
icato
r
)
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
s
tatu
s
o
f
th
e
ch
a
n
n
el
a
n
d
g
i
v
es
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
i
ts
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
;
t
h
is
in
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
is
u
s
ed
b
y
t
h
e
s
ch
ed
u
ler
f
o
r
d
ec
is
io
n
m
ak
in
g
[
9
]
.
A
t
ea
ch
ti
m
e
p
er
io
d
ca
lled
T
T
I
(
T
r
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
T
i
m
e
I
n
ter
v
al)
,
t
h
e
C
QI
r
ep
o
r
t is u
p
d
ated
[
10
].
T
h
e
s
ch
ed
u
li
n
g
s
tr
ateg
ie
s
in
u
p
lin
k
an
d
d
o
w
n
li
n
k
h
av
e
b
e
en
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ed
s
ep
ar
atel
y
i
n
a
Mu
lti
-
ce
ll/
m
u
lti
-
u
s
er
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
i
n
th
e
L
T
E
-
s
i
m
s
i
m
u
lato
r
.
T
h
es
e
m
o
d
els
ta
k
e
i
n
to
ac
co
u
n
t
all
th
e
r
ea
l
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
th
at
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
s
th
o
s
e
d
ec
is
io
n
s
s
u
ch
as
u
s
er
m
o
b
ilit
y
,
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
eu
s
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
an
d
r
ad
io
r
eso
u
r
ce
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t [
11
].
T
h
e
n
e
w
L
T
E
n
et
w
o
r
k
ar
ch
ite
ctu
r
e
d
ef
i
n
ed
b
y
3
GP
P
is
b
ased
o
n
s
i
m
p
licit
y
.
T
h
e
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
a
Fu
ll
-
I
P
s
y
s
te
m
w
a
s
m
ad
e
w
it
h
t
h
e
ai
m
o
f
i
m
p
r
o
v
in
g
m
ai
n
l
y
t
h
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
a
n
d
th
e
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
d
ela
y
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
UM
T
S
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
[
1
2
]
.
A
d
ed
icate
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
s
p
ec
t
r
u
m
f
o
r
th
e
L
T
E
n
et
w
o
r
k
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
av
o
id
p
r
o
b
lem
s
o
f
i
n
co
m
p
at
ib
ilit
y
with
o
th
er
w
ir
ele
s
s
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
13
].
T
h
e
m
a
in
p
r
o
to
co
ls
co
n
f
ig
u
r
e
d
in
th
e
e
Nb
an
d
u
s
ed
in
th
e
t
w
o
le
v
els
C
o
n
tr
o
l
an
d
User
P
lan
e
ar
e
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
,
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t f
u
n
c
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
t
w
o
la
y
er
s
1
an
d
2
[
14
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
t
o
co
l
s
tack
f
o
r
th
e
User
P
lan
e
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
m
u
ltip
le
s
u
b
-
la
y
er
s
:
P
DC
P
(
Pack
et
Dat
a
C
o
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
P
r
o
to
co
l)
w
h
ic
h
p
r
o
v
id
es
its
s
er
v
ices
to
th
e
u
p
p
er
lay
er
s
,
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
ese
s
er
v
ices
th
e
tr
an
s
f
er
o
f
u
s
er
p
la
n
e
d
ata,
tr
a
n
s
f
er
o
f
c
o
n
tr
o
l
p
lan
e
d
ata
an
d
h
ea
d
er
co
m
p
r
es
s
io
n
.
R
L
C
(
R
ad
io
L
i
n
k
C
o
n
tr
o
l)
u
s
ed
o
n
th
e
r
ad
io
in
ter
f
ac
e
f
o
r
r
eliab
le
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
.
M
A
C
(
Me
d
ia
A
cc
ess
C
o
n
tr
o
l)
w
h
ich
i
s
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
th
e
ac
ce
s
s
co
n
tr
o
l to
th
e
m
ed
iu
m
an
d
P
HY
(
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
la
y
er
)
w
h
ic
h
is
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
th
e
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
r
ad
io
w
a
v
es [
15
].
T
h
e
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
s
tack
f
o
r
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
P
lan
e
i
s
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
n
t
h
e
P
DC
P
,
R
L
C
,
M
AC
,
P
HY
an
s
R
R
C
s
u
b
la
y
er
s
.
T
h
e
s
ch
ed
u
li
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
t
h
e
C
QI
(
C
h
a
n
n
el
Qu
ali
t
y
I
n
d
icato
r
)
m
a
n
a
g
er
th
at
r
ec
eiv
es
t
h
e
C
QI
r
ep
o
r
ts
(
th
at
ar
e
v
er
y
u
s
e
f
u
l
f
o
r
th
e
s
c
h
ed
u
l
in
g
d
ec
is
io
n
s
)
f
o
r
Do
w
n
li
n
k
tr
af
f
ic
ar
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
t
h
o
s
e
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
p
r
o
to
co
l
s
tack
s
u
b
la
y
er
s
[
16
].
T
h
e
MA
C
s
u
b
la
y
er
s
o
f
t
h
e
eNb
h
a
v
e
s
e
v
e
r
al
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es.
T
h
e
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
8
:
1
6
1
8
–
1628
1620
co
n
s
tr
u
ct,
s
e
n
d
,
r
ec
eiv
e
a
n
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
tr
an
s
p
o
r
t b
lo
ck
s
t
h
at
co
n
tai
n
a
s
er
ies o
f
u
s
er
-
p
lan
e
d
at
a
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
o
r
m
o
r
e
b
ea
r
er
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
L
T
E
Pro
to
co
ls
Stack
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
o
p
ti
m
ize
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
m
ee
t
Q
o
S
clien
t
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
,
r
ad
io
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
ass
i
g
n
ed
to
th
e
cu
s
t
o
m
er
i
n
an
e
f
f
ici
e
n
t
m
a
n
n
er
.
An
d
to
d
o
th
is
,
th
e
M
AC
s
ch
ed
u
ler
r
u
n
s
t
h
e
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
t
h
at
d
et
er
m
in
e
h
o
w
t
h
e
c
h
an
n
el
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
in
t
h
e
air
i
n
ter
f
ac
e
an
d
t
h
a
t
in
b
o
th
d
o
w
n
li
n
k
an
d
Up
lin
k
m
o
d
es.
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
3
,
a
m
o
d
el
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
a
s
i
m
p
li
f
ied
p
ac
k
et
s
ch
ed
u
ler
i
n
t
h
e
d
o
w
n
lin
k
L
T
E
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
P
ac
k
et
Sch
ed
u
li
n
g
Mo
d
el
in
L
T
E
S
y
s
te
m
Dif
f
er
en
t
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
o
f
a
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
s
ch
ed
u
ler
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
ca
lc
u
late
th
e
in
s
ta
n
ta
n
eo
u
s
m
etr
ic
s
as
s
i
g
n
ed
to
ea
ch
s
ep
ar
ated
s
tr
ea
m
.
W
e
ass
u
m
e
t
h
at
th
e
m
etr
ic
ass
i
g
n
ed
to
s
tr
ea
m
i
o
n
j
-
th
s
u
b
-
c
h
an
n
el
i
s
d
ef
i
n
ed
b
y
w
i,j
.
T
o
ca
lcu
late
th
e
m
etr
ic
b
y
ea
c
h
s
c
h
ed
u
ler
,
t
w
o
m
ai
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
m
an
d
ato
r
y
,
n
a
m
el
y
:
th
e
a
v
ailab
le
f
lo
w
r
ate
to
th
e
UE
o
n
t
h
e
j
-
th
s
u
b
-
ch
a
n
n
el
an
d
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
r
ate
̅
o
f
f
lo
w
i [
17
].
I
n
th
e
n
ex
t
eq
u
atio
n
w
e
g
i
v
e
a
n
esti
m
atio
n
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
̅
.
T
h
is
v
alu
e
i
s
ca
lc
u
lated
at
ea
ch
T
T
I
u
s
i
n
g
̅
as
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
d
ata
r
ate
esti
m
ated
at
th
e
(k
-
1)
-
th
T
T
I
an
d
is
th
e
r
ate
allo
ca
ted
to
i
-
th
f
lo
w
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
k
-
th
T
T
I
:
̅
̅
[
17
]
(
1
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
E
xp
o
n
en
tia
l MLW
DF
(
E
X
P
-
M
L
W
DF
)
Do
w
n
lin
k
S
ch
ed
u
lin
g
A
lg
o
r
ith
m
E
va
lu
a
ted
i
n
LT
E
…
(
I
s
ma
il A
n
g
r
i
)
1621
I
n
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
,
a
s
u
m
m
ar
y
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
t
h
r
ee
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
ch
ed
u
li
n
g
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
t
h
at
ar
e
u
s
ed
i
n
all
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
,
t
h
ese
a
r
e:
P
F
as
w
ell
as
E
XP
-
P
F
a
n
d
ML
W
D
F,
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
o
th
er
w
ell
-
k
n
o
wn
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
.
2
.
1
.
P
ro
po
rt
io
na
l
f
a
ir
(
P
F
)
W
ith
t
h
e
m
ai
n
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
e
n
s
u
r
i
n
g
f
a
i
r
n
es
s
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
d
ata
s
tr
ea
m
s
tr
a
n
s
m
it
t
ed
to
ea
ch
UE
an
d
al
s
o
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
a
m
ax
i
m
u
m
to
tal
n
et
w
o
r
k
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t,
t
h
e
P
F
(
P
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
Fair
)
s
ch
ed
u
ler
w
as
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
to
a
s
s
i
g
n
t
h
e
r
ad
io
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
u
s
er
s
an
d
th
i
s
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
ti
cs
o
f
t
h
e
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
as
w
e
ll a
s
t
h
e
h
i
s
to
r
y
o
f
t
h
e
f
l
o
w
s
r
ate
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
.
Fo
r
th
is
s
c
h
ed
u
ler
,
W
e
ca
n
d
ef
i
n
e
r
i,j
b
y
ta
k
in
g
i
n
to
co
n
s
i
d
er
atio
n
th
e
C
QI
v
al
u
e
o
n
t
h
e
j
-
th
s
u
b
-
ch
an
n
el
w
h
ic
h
is
s
en
t
b
y
t
h
e
UE
w
h
o
is
i
n
te
n
d
ed
f
o
r
i
-
th
f
l
o
w
.
T
h
is
p
ar
a
m
eter
is
ca
lcu
la
t
ed
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
A
M
C
m
o
d
u
le.
T
h
e
m
etr
ic
i
s
t
h
e
n
t
h
e
r
atio
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
in
s
ta
n
tan
e
o
u
s
f
lo
w
a
v
ailab
le
f
o
r
i
-
th
f
lo
w
a
n
d
t
h
e
m
ed
i
u
m
f
lo
w
th
a
t
w
as c
alc
u
lated
at
th
e
m
o
m
e
n
t (
k
-
1
)
[
18
]
,
[
1
9
].
̅
̅
̅
(
2
)
2
.
2
.
E
x
po
nentia
l
pro
po
rt
io
na
l f
a
irness
(
E
XP
/PF
)
T
o
p
r
o
m
o
te
th
e
r
ea
l
ti
m
e
t
r
af
f
ic,
T
h
e
E
XP
/P
F
alg
o
r
it
h
m
w
a
s
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
.
I
t
r
eq
u
ir
es
th
e
n
o
t
ex
ce
ed
in
g
o
f
a
d
ef
i
n
ed
d
ela
y
th
r
es
h
o
ld
g
iv
e
n
t
h
e
cr
iticalit
y
o
f
th
e
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
R
T
f
lo
w
s
with
r
esp
ec
t
to
n
o
n
-
R
ea
l
ti
m
e
N
R
T
f
lo
w
s
.
I
t
s
m
ai
n
g
o
al
is
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
m
u
lti
m
ed
ia
s
er
v
ices,
esp
ec
i
all
y
i
n
a
n
A
d
ap
ti
v
e
C
o
d
in
g
&
Mo
d
u
latio
n
/T
i
m
e
D
iv
is
io
n
M
u
ltip
lex
in
g
(
A
C
M
/TD
M)
s
y
s
te
m
[
2
0
]
.
Fo
r
r
ea
l tim
e
f
lo
w
s
,
t
h
e
m
etr
ic
is
ca
lcu
lated
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
f
o
ll
o
w
i
n
g
eq
u
atio
n
s
[
20
]
:
(
√
)
̅
̅
̅
(
3
)
W
h
er
e
D
HOL,
i
is
th
e
Hea
d
o
f
li
n
e
Dela
y
,
a
n
d
X
is
g
i
v
e
n
b
y
[
19
]:
∑
(
4
)
W
ith
N
rt
i
s
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ac
ti
v
e
r
ea
l ti
m
e
f
lo
w
s
i
n
d
o
w
n
li
n
k
d
ir
ec
tio
n
.
2
.
3
.
L
o
g
a
rit
h
m
r
u
le
(
L
O
G
-
R
ule)
T
o
g
iv
e
m
u
c
h
m
o
r
e
Qo
S s
u
p
p
o
r
t to
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
m
e
tr
ic
f
o
r
th
e
L
OG
r
u
le
i
s
g
i
v
e
n
as:
(
)
(
5
)
W
h
er
e
Sig
n
i
f
ies
t
h
e
c
h
an
n
el
s
s
p
ec
tr
al
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
w
i
th
t
h
e
i
-
th
u
s
er
at
t
h
e
j
-
th
R
B
,
f
o
r
1
≤
i
≤
N.
Ho
w
e
v
er
it
w
as
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
to
g
et
m
u
c
h
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
[
1
5
]
,
it‟
s
b
etter
to
d
ec
lar
e
th
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
s
α
i,
b
i,
an
d
c
as f
o
llo
w
:
*
+
[
(
)
]
(
6
)
in
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
eq
u
atio
n
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
th
e
p
ac
k
et
d
ela
y
th
r
es
h
o
ld
f
o
r
ea
ch
R
T
f
lo
w
at
th
e
m
o
m
e
n
t
o
f
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
.
2
.
4
.
E
x
po
nentia
l
r
ule (
E
XP
-
R
ule
)
T
o
b
e
m
o
r
e
r
o
b
u
s
t,
an
d
to
h
av
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
s
in
d
ela
y
a
n
d
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t [
1
5
]
,
T
h
e
E
XP
r
u
le
s
ch
ed
u
ler
m
etr
ic
is
d
e
f
in
ed
as
f
o
llo
w
s
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
:
(
√
(
)
∑
)
(
7
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
8
:
1
6
1
8
–
1628
1622
W
h
er
e
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
t‟
s
v
al
u
es a
r
e
th
e
s
a
m
e
a
s
L
o
g
R
u
le
‟
s
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
:
*
+
[
(
)
]
(
8
)
2
.
5
.
M
o
dified
la
rg
est
w
ei
g
hte
d
dela
y
f
irst
(
M
L
WDF
)
T
h
e
class
if
icatio
n
o
f
th
e
s
tr
ea
m
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
eir
t
y
p
e
(
R
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
o
r
n
o
t
R
ea
l
-
ti
m
e)
is
u
s
ed
b
y
th
i
s
alg
o
r
ith
m
to
p
r
o
m
o
te
th
e
r
ea
l
ti
m
e
f
lo
w
s
w
h
ic
h
h
av
e
th
e
b
est
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
th
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
ti
m
e,
i
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
b
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
at
f
ir
s
t
in
th
e
ca
n
al.
T
h
e
M
-
L
W
DF
m
etr
ic
is
d
ef
i
n
ed
b
y
[
17
]:
̅
̅
̅
(
9
)
W
h
er
e
an
d
̅
h
av
e
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
s
i
g
n
i
f
icatio
n
a
s
cited
in
No
m
en
cl
atu
r
e
ch
ap
ter
an
d
α
i i
s
g
iv
e
n
b
y
:
(
1
0
)
α
i
is
d
ef
in
ed
w
it
h
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
τ
as
a
ti
m
e
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
p
ac
k
ag
e
an
d
δ
as
th
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
t
h
at
th
e
d
ela
y
D
HO
L,
i
ex
ce
ed
s
th
e
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
ti
m
e
[
1
6
].
3.
T
H
E
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
E
XP
O
N
E
NT
I
A
L
M
L
WDF
(
E
XP
-
M
L
WDF
)
T
h
e
ch
an
n
el
co
n
d
itio
n
s
p
la
y
a
n
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le
in
w
ir
ele
s
s
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
to
m
a
x
i
m
ize
th
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
t
h
e
u
s
er
.
W
e
d
ef
in
e
r
i,j
a
s
t
h
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
d
ata
r
ate
t
h
at
co
u
ld
b
e
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
i
-
th
u
s
er
o
n
th
e
j
-
th
s
u
b
-
c
h
an
n
el
at
t
i
m
e
t
.
T
h
u
s
,
u
s
er
s
w
h
o
h
a
v
e
a
b
etter
ch
an
n
el
co
n
d
it
io
n
w
il
l
g
et
h
i
g
h
er
p
r
io
r
ity
to
s
en
d
th
eir
p
ac
k
a
g
es.
So
w
e
ca
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
th
e
m
etr
ic
as
s
h
o
w
n
b
elo
w
:
(
1
1
)
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
w
e
n
ee
d
to
co
n
s
id
e
r
th
e
u
s
er
s
w
h
o
d
o
n
‟
t
h
av
e
a
g
o
o
d
ch
an
n
e
l c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
u
s
er
s
w
il
l
b
e
p
u
n
is
h
ed
.
He
n
ce
t
h
e
n
ec
e
s
s
it
y
to
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
e
s
ti
m
ate
d
av
er
ag
e
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
d
ata
r
ate
at
th
e
(k
-
1)
-
th
T
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
T
i
m
e
I
n
ter
v
al
(
T
T
I
)
.
So
th
e
n
e
w
m
etr
ic
m
u
s
t
b
e:
̅
̅
̅
(
1
2
)
Fo
r
ea
ch
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
d
ata
s
tr
ea
m
s
a
n
d
s
i
m
ilar
to
M
L
W
DF
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
,
w
e
d
ef
i
n
e
α
i
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
E
q
u
atio
n
(
1
0
)
.
Fro
m
t
h
e
Qo
S
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
‟
s
s
en
t
to
th
e
e
No
d
eB
b
y
t
h
e
u
s
er
s
w
e
ca
n
g
et
th
e
Hea
d
o
f
l
in
e
Dela
y
D
HOL,
i
f
o
r
th
e
i
-
th
u
s
er
,
w
h
ic
h
is
an
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
p
ar
am
e
ter
th
at
w
e
m
u
s
t
ta
k
e
in
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
.
No
r
m
a
ll
y
to
f
u
r
t
h
er
th
e
u
s
er
s
w
h
o
d
o
n
‟
t
h
av
e
g
o
o
d
ch
an
n
e
l
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
th
e
s
m
aller
t
h
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
d
ea
d
lin
e
d
elay
a
n
d
th
e
ti
m
e
s
p
en
d
in
q
u
eu
e
D
HOL,
i
,
th
e
h
ig
h
er
m
etr
ic
m
u
s
t b
e.
T
h
is
is
ex
p
lai
n
ed
b
y
t
h
e
ter
m
:
(
)
(
1
3
)
I
f
w
e
ap
p
lied
th
e
ex
p
o
n
en
tial
f
u
n
c
t
io
n
to
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ter
m
,
t
h
e
cr
itical
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
s
er
v
ed
:
(
(
)
)
(
1
4
)
W
h
en
w
e
co
m
b
i
n
ed
all
th
e
cit
ed
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
w
e
o
b
tain
ed
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
as d
e
f
i
n
ed
b
elo
w
:
(
)
̅
̅
̅
(
(
)
)
(
1
5
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
E
xp
o
n
en
tia
l MLW
DF
(
E
X
P
-
M
L
W
DF
)
Do
w
n
lin
k
S
ch
ed
u
lin
g
A
lg
o
r
ith
m
E
va
lu
a
ted
i
n
LT
E
…
(
I
s
ma
il A
n
g
r
i
)
1623
4.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N,
R
E
SU
L
T
S
AND
D
I
S
CUSS
I
O
N
T
h
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
o
f
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
a
r
e
test
ed
i
n
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
w
it
h
th
e
o
t
h
er
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
a
lr
ea
d
y
ex
i
s
ti
n
g
.
T
o
d
o
th
at,
an
o
p
en
s
o
u
r
ce
to
o
l
n
a
m
ed
L
T
E
-
Si
m
w
a
s
u
s
ed
.
I
t is a
s
i
m
u
lato
r
b
ased
o
n
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
cla
s
s
e
s
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ed
i
n
C
+
+
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
m
o
d
el
s
o
f
all
t
h
e
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
an
d
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
o
f
a
4
G
n
et
w
o
r
k
la
y
er
s
an
d
s
u
b
la
y
er
s
.
T
h
e
d
if
f
er
en
t c
la
s
s
es c
a
n
b
e
ex
ten
d
ed
to
m
ee
t th
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
ea
ch
u
s
er
[
23
].
T
h
e
v
ar
io
u
s
asp
ec
t
s
n
ec
e
s
s
ar
y
f
o
r
a
r
ea
l
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
o
f
Up
L
i
n
k
a
n
d
Do
w
n
L
in
k
s
c
h
e
d
u
l
in
g
s
tr
ateg
ie
s
in
a
Mu
l
ti
-
C
ell
/Mu
l
ti
-
User
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
w
ell
i
n
te
g
r
ated
in
to
th
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e.
B
ef
o
r
e
s
tar
tin
g
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
in
t
h
e
c
h
o
s
en
to
o
l,
th
e
d
e
f
in
i
tio
n
o
f
a
r
ea
l
s
ce
n
ar
io
is
m
a
n
d
ato
r
y
;
i
ts
r
o
le
is
to
f
i
x
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
a
n
d
ch
ar
ac
t
er
i
s
tics
to
s
i
m
u
late.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
in
o
u
r
ca
s
e,
a
Si
n
g
le
C
el
l
w
it
h
I
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
s
ce
n
ar
io
w
a
s
ad
o
p
ted
.
Ou
r
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
c
o
n
tain
s
3
ce
ll
s
,
ea
c
h
o
n
e
h
a
v
e
a
r
ad
iu
s
o
f
1
K
m
.
User
s
(
w
h
ic
h
h
a
v
e
a
d
ef
i
n
ed
n
u
m
b
er
b
et
w
ee
n
1
0
an
d
1
0
0
)
m
o
v
e
s
r
an
d
o
m
l
y
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
ce
lls
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
R
A
NDOM
_
W
AL
K
m
o
b
ilit
y
m
o
d
el
w
it
h
a
h
i
g
h
s
p
ee
d
o
f
1
2
0
k
m
/
h
.
T
h
e
y
ar
e
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
l
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
i
n
t
h
e
th
r
ee
ce
ll
s
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
e
s
u
lt
s
w
er
e
e
s
tab
lis
h
ed
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
er
io
d
o
f
w
h
ic
h
th
e
UE
s
m
o
v
e
i
n
s
id
e
t
h
e
ce
l
l.
E
ac
h
u
s
er
r
ec
ei
v
es a
n
H.
2
6
4
Vid
eo
s
tr
ea
m
,
a
Vo
I
P
s
tr
ea
m
,
an
d
B
E
f
lo
w
s
m
o
d
eled
b
y
I
n
f
i
n
ite
B
u
f
f
er
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
i
s
s
i
m
u
lati
o
n
is
to
e
v
al
u
ate
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
o
u
r
n
e
w
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
ed
u
li
n
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
i
n
L
T
E
Net
w
o
r
k
,
f
o
r
th
is
w
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
w
it
h
t
h
e
w
ell
-
k
n
o
w
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
s
u
ch
a
s
th
e
P
F,
M
-
L
W
D
F
an
d
E
XP
-
P
F
s
c
h
ed
u
ler
s
[
21
]
,
b
y
m
ea
s
u
r
i
n
g
p
ac
k
et
late
n
c
y
(
th
e
d
ela
y
)
,
P
ac
k
et
L
o
s
s
R
atio
(
P
L
R
)
an
d
p
ac
k
et
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
ar
e
illu
s
tr
ated
in
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
T
ab
le
1
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Sim
u
latio
n
P
ar
am
e
ter
s
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s
V
a
l
u
e
S
i
mu
l
a
t
i
o
n
d
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
1
0
0
s
F
l
o
w
s d
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
1
2
0
s
F
r
a
me
st
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
F
D
D
M
o
b
i
l
e
sp
e
e
d
1
2
0
K
m/
h
R
a
d
i
u
s
1
k
m
B
a
n
d
w
i
d
t
h
2
0
M
H
z
S
l
o
t
d
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
0
.
5
s
S
c
h
e
d
u
l
i
n
g
t
i
me
(
T
TI
d
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
)
1
ms
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
R
e
so
u
r
c
e
B
l
o
c
k
s (R
B
s)
1
0
0
M
a
x
d
e
l
a
y
0
.
1
s
V
i
d
e
o
b
i
t
-
r
a
t
e
2
4
2
k
b
p
s
V
o
I
P
b
i
t
-
r
a
t
e
8
.
4
k
b
p
s
M
i
n
i
m
u
m
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
u
se
r
s
10
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
u
se
r
s
1
0
0
I
n
t
e
r
v
a
l
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
u
se
r
s
5
S
i
mu
l
a
t
i
o
n
d
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
1
0
0
s
4
.
1
.
T
he
m
ea
s
ure
m
ent
o
f
pa
c
k
et
la
t
ency
(
dela
y
)
L
ate
n
c
y
h
as
a
m
o
s
t
n
o
ticea
b
le
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
n
Ne
t
w
o
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
E
s
p
ec
iall
y
f
o
r
co
n
v
er
s
atio
n
al
s
er
v
ices,
s
u
c
h
as
Vo
I
P
an
d
Vid
eo
Flo
w
s
t
h
at
r
eq
u
ir
e
lo
w
l
aten
c
y
[
22
]
.
Oth
er
s
er
v
ices
t
h
at
b
en
ef
i
t
f
r
o
m
lo
w
d
elay
ar
e
g
a
m
in
g
an
d
ap
p
licati
o
n
s
w
it
h
ex
te
n
s
iv
e
h
an
d
s
h
a
k
i
n
g
,
s
u
c
h
as e
m
ail
s
.
L
ate
n
c
y
an
d
T
T
I
(
T
r
an
s
m
is
s
i
o
n
T
i
m
e
I
n
ter
v
al)
ar
e
t
w
o
i
n
ter
r
elate
d
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
I
t
is
d
if
f
icu
l
t
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
w
it
h
o
u
t t
h
e
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
o
th
er
.
4
.
1
.
1
.
T
he
VO
I
P
f
lo
w
s
T
h
e
Fig
u
r
e
4
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
s
th
a
t
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
p
r
ese
n
ts
a
v
er
y
lo
w
d
ela
y
a
n
d
its
s
t
ab
le
ev
en
th
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
th
e
u
s
er
‟
s
n
u
m
b
er
.
T
h
e
s
a
m
e
b
e
h
av
io
r
i
s
o
b
s
er
v
ed
f
o
r
E
XP
-
P
F,
E
XP
-
R
u
le,
L
OG
-
R
u
le
en
d
ML
W
DF
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
.
Fo
r
th
e
P
F
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
th
e
d
ela
y
s
h
o
w
s
h
i
g
h
est
v
al
u
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
t
h
e
o
th
er
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
b
y
th
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
er
s
s
tar
tin
g
w
it
h
4
5
UE
‟
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
8
:
1
6
1
8
–
1628
1624
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
Dela
y
f
o
r
VOI
P Flo
w
s
4
.
1
.
2
.
F
o
r
v
ideo
f
lo
w
s
As
w
e
ca
n
s
ee
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
5
,
T
h
e
Vid
eo
d
elay
i
s
v
er
y
lo
w
f
o
r
th
e
E
XP
-
M
L
W
DF,
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
,
ev
e
n
t
h
e
in
cr
e
m
en
t
o
f
u
s
er
‟
s
n
u
m
b
er
,
co
m
p
ar
in
g
w
i
th
P
F
an
d
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
w
h
ic
h
p
r
esen
ts
a
h
i
g
h
er
d
ela
y
t
h
at
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
ex
p
o
n
e
n
tiall
y
w
i
th
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
u
s
er
‟
s
n
u
m
b
er
to
g
et
f
o
r
1
0
0
UE
‟
s
1
5
s
w
h
ic
h
is
n
o
t
ac
ce
p
tab
le
b
y
t
h
e
n
o
r
m
s
.
T
h
e
o
th
er
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
p
r
esen
t
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
atel
y
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
b
eh
av
io
r
as
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
Dela
y
f
o
r
Vid
eo
Flo
w
s
4
.
2
.
T
he
m
ea
s
ure
m
ent
o
f
pa
ck
et
lo
s
s
ra
t
io
(
P
L
R)
T
h
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t o
f
P
L
R
est
i
m
atio
n
is
a
cr
itical
i
s
s
u
e,
b
ec
au
s
e
P
ac
k
et
L
o
s
s
R
atio
h
as a
b
i
g
ef
f
ec
t o
n
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
e
s
p
ec
iall
y
w
h
e
n
d
ea
lin
g
w
i
th
th
e
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
tr
a
f
f
ic
s
u
c
h
as
VOI
P
an
d
Vid
eo
Flo
w
s
[
2
]
.
4
.
2
.
1
.
T
he
VO
I
P
f
lo
w
s
T
h
e
P
ac
k
et
L
o
s
s
R
atio
h
as
g
iv
e
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
,
it
s
h
o
w
s
th
at
o
u
r
s
c
h
ed
u
li
n
g
alg
o
r
it
h
m
„
E
XP
-
ML
W
DF
‟
p
r
esen
t
s
a
v
er
y
lo
w
p
ac
k
et
lo
s
s
r
atio
th
at
s
ta
y
n
eg
li
g
ib
le
u
n
til
5
0
UE
s
,
s
tar
tin
g
f
r
o
m
5
0
UE
s
,
o
u
r
alg
o
r
ith
m
co
n
ti
n
u
es
to
p
r
esen
t
th
e
lo
w
v
al
u
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
o
th
er
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
in
w
h
i
ch
th
e
P
L
R
s
tar
ts
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
ex
p
o
n
e
n
tiall
y
w
it
h
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
th
e
u
s
er
‟
s
n
u
m
b
er
,
f
o
r
1
0
0
UE
‟
s
E
XP
-
ML
W
DF
g
et
v
er
y
lo
w
v
alu
e
ab
o
u
t 1
2
% c
o
m
p
ar
ed
w
i
th
o
th
er
s
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
w
h
ic
h
g
et
ab
o
u
t 4
0
%.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
E
xp
o
n
en
tia
l MLW
DF
(
E
X
P
-
M
L
W
DF
)
Do
w
n
lin
k
S
ch
ed
u
lin
g
A
lg
o
r
ith
m
E
va
lu
a
ted
i
n
LT
E
…
(
I
s
ma
il A
n
g
r
i
)
1625
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
P
a
ck
et
L
o
s
s
R
at
io
(
P
L
R
)
f
o
r
Vo
I
P
Flo
w
4
.
2
.
2
.
F
o
r
v
ideo
f
lo
w
s
T
h
e
P
ac
k
et
L
o
s
s
R
atio
f
o
r
v
id
eo
f
lo
w
s
is
g
i
v
e
n
o
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
,
it
is
n
o
ticed
th
at
t
h
e
P
L
R
g
iv
en
b
y
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
i
s
th
e
lo
w
e
s
t
co
m
p
ar
in
g
w
it
h
o
th
er
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
s
u
c
h
as
M
L
W
DF,
E
XP
/P
F,
L
OG
-
R
u
le,
E
XP
-
R
u
le
an
d
esp
ec
iall
y
P
F
w
h
o
s
h
o
w
s
a
d
r
a
m
atic
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
b
y
t
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
th
e
u
s
er
‟
s
n
u
m
b
er
.
I
n
h
ig
h
m
o
b
il
it
y
s
ce
n
ar
io
a
n
d
w
i
th
t
h
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
a
b
ig
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
u
s
er
s
i
n
th
e
ce
l
l,
th
e
P
L
R
v
alu
e
is
v
er
y
lar
g
e,
ab
o
u
t
9
0
%
f
o
r
all
th
e
co
m
p
a
r
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
w
ith
t
h
e
d
is
ti
n
ctio
n
o
f
o
u
r
alg
o
r
it
h
m
w
h
ic
h
co
n
tin
u
e
to
p
r
esen
t
th
e
lo
w
P
L
R
v
al
u
e.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
e
P
a
ck
et
L
o
s
s
R
at
io
(
P
L
R
)
f
o
r
Vid
eo
Flo
w
4
.
3
.
T
he
m
ea
s
ure
m
ent
o
f
pa
ck
et
s
t
hro
ug
hp
ut
T
h
e
P
ac
k
ets
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
is
m
e
asu
r
ed
o
n
th
e
b
asis
o
f
th
e
av
er
ag
e
s
u
cc
e
s
s
r
ate
o
f
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
ac
k
et
s
tr
an
s
m
itted
to
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
r
ad
io
ch
an
n
el
[
2
]
.
4
.
3
.
1
.
F
o
r
VO
I
P
f
lo
w
s
T
h
e
p
ac
k
et
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
f
o
r
VO
I
P
f
lo
w
s
i
n
cr
ea
s
es e
x
p
o
n
e
n
tial
l
y
w
i
th
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
u
s
er
s
,
a
n
d
it
‟
s
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
f
o
r
all
th
e
s
c
h
ed
u
li
n
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
,
w
it
h
t
h
e
d
is
t
in
ct
io
n
o
f
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
„
E
XP
-
ML
W
DF
‟
th
a
t
p
r
esen
ts
a
h
ig
h
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t.
T
h
e
E
XP
-
P
F p
r
esen
ts
th
e
lo
w
er
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t v
al
u
e
(
s
ee
Fi
g
u
r
e
8
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
8
:
1
6
1
8
–
1628
1626
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
T
h
e
p
a
ck
ets th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t f
o
r
VOI
P
Flo
w
s
4
.
3
.
2
.
F
o
r
v
ideo
f
lo
w
s
Fi
g
u
r
e
9
r
ep
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
Vid
eo
p
ac
k
et
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t.
I
t
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
t
h
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
f
o
r
th
e
en
t
ir
e
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
in
cr
ea
s
es
as
lo
n
g
a
s
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
u
s
er
s
in
cr
ea
s
es
u
n
t
il
3
0
UE
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
„
E
XP
-
M
L
W
DF
‟
p
r
esen
t
s
t
h
e
v
er
y
h
i
g
h
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
ev
e
n
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
th
e
u
s
er
‟
s
n
u
m
b
er
,
t
h
is
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
v
al
u
e
s
tar
ts
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
s
tar
tin
g
f
r
o
m
3
0
UE
s
f
r
o
m
1
Mb
it/s
to
6
0
0
Kb
it/s
f
o
r
1
0
0
UE
s
.
T
h
e
P
F
s
ch
ed
u
ler
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
v
er
y
lo
w
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t c
o
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
o
th
er
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
T
h
e
p
ac
k
ets th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t f
o
r
Vid
eo
Flo
w
s
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
o
u
r
w
o
r
k
f
o
cu
s
e
d
o
n
p
ac
k
et
s
c
h
ed
u
lin
g
i
s
s
u
es
in
t
h
e
d
o
w
n
l
in
k
o
f
3
GP
P
L
T
E
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
.
W
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
n
e
w
alg
o
r
it
h
m
n
a
m
ed
E
XP
-
ML
W
D
F
,
an
d
w
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
es
w
i
th
s
o
m
e
w
ell
-
k
n
o
w
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
f
air
n
es
s
alg
o
r
ith
m
(
P
F),
E
x
p
o
n
en
tial
P
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
Fair
n
es
s
(
E
XP
/P
F),
th
e
Mo
d
if
ied
L
ar
g
e
s
t W
eig
h
ted
De
la
y
First
(
M
L
W
DF)
,
th
e
L
O
G
-
R
u
le
a
n
d
t
h
e
E
XP
-
R
u
le,
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
m
o
b
il
it
y
s
ce
n
ar
io
w
it
h
t
h
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
a
b
i
g
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
u
s
er
s
.
T
h
is
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
i
s
co
n
d
u
cted
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
p
ac
k
et
d
ela
y
,
P
ac
k
et
lo
s
s
r
ati
o
„
P
L
R
‟
a
n
d
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t.
Si
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
h
a
v
e
co
n
f
ir
m
e
d
th
at
o
u
r
al
g
o
r
ith
m
is
m
o
r
e
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
an
d
s
ati
s
f
ie
s
Qo
S
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
s
o
f
R
ea
l
T
i
m
e
s
er
v
ices.
O
u
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
w
o
r
k
w
il
l
b
e
d
ev
o
ted
to
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
an
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
th
e
Up
l
in
k
p
ath
w
a
y
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
th
e
b
est o
v
er
all
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
3
G
P
P
T
S
3
2
.
4
2
3
v
e
rsio
n
1
0
.
8
.
0
,
Dig
it
a
l
c
e
ll
u
lar t
e
lec
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s sy
ste
m
;
LT
E,
Re
lea
s
e
1
0
,
A
p
ri
l
2
0
1
4
.
[2
]
Isk
a
n
d
a
r
I,
G
a
li
h
R,
“
Ca
rrier
Ag
g
r
e
g
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
to
I
m
p
ro
v
e
C
a
p
a
c
it
y
in
LT
E
-
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
Ne
t
w
o
rk
”
,
T
EL
KOM
NIKA
(
T
e
le
c
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
,
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
C
o
n
tr
o
l
)
,
M
a
rc
h
2
0
1
6
,
v
o
l.
1
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
pp.
1
1
9
-
1
2
8
.
[3
]
Isk
a
n
d
a
r
I,
S
e
t
y
a
w
a
n
I,
Nu
ra
i
n
i
H
,
“
In
ter
-
c
e
ll
In
terfe
re
n
c
e
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
M
u
lt
i
-
Ce
ll
L
T
E
-
A
Ne
tw
o
rk
”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
2
0
1
7
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
E
xp
o
n
en
tia
l MLW
DF
(
E
X
P
-
M
L
W
DF
)
Do
w
n
lin
k
S
ch
ed
u
lin
g
A
lg
o
r
ith
m
E
va
lu
a
ted
i
n
LT
E
…
(
I
s
ma
il A
n
g
r
i
)
1627
[4
]
Ch
risto
p
h
e
r
C,
“
A
n
In
tr
o
d
u
c
ti
o
n
to
L
T
E:
LT
E,
LT
E
-
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
,
S
A
E
a
n
d
4
G
M
o
b
il
e
C
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s”
,
W
il
e
y
o
n
li
n
e
li
b
ra
ry
,
F
irst
Ed
i
ti
o
n
,
I
S
B
N:
9
7
8
1
1
1
9
9
7
0
3
8
5
,
2
0
1
2
,
p
p
.
8
-
1
5
.
[5
]
3
G
P
P
,
L
T
E;
Ev
o
lv
e
d
Un
iv
e
rsa
l
T
e
rre
strial
Ra
d
io
A
c
c
e
ss
(E
-
UT
R
A
);
P
h
y
sic
a
l
c
h
a
n
n
e
ls
a
n
d
m
o
d
u
l
a
ti
o
n
,
3
G
P
P
T
S
3
6
.
2
1
1
,
V1
2
.
3
.
0
,
2
0
1
4
.
[6
]
Ch
e
n
T
,
Zh
a
o
X
,
G
a
o
T
,
Zh
a
n
g
L
,
“
A
n
o
v
e
l
d
o
w
n
li
n
k
sc
h
e
d
u
li
n
g
stra
teg
y
f
o
r
tra
ff
ic
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
b
a
se
d
o
n
T
D
-
L
T
E
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
”
,
S
p
rin
g
e
r
Pl
u
s
,
2
0
1
6
,
v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
1
.
[7
]
S
h
a
f
in
a
z
Bt
I,
Da
r
m
a
wa
t
y
Bt
M
,
No
rsu
z
il
a
Y,
“
P
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
A
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
Up
li
n
k
S
c
h
e
d
u
li
n
g
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
s
in
LT
E
Ne
tw
o
rk
s”
,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
(
I
J
EE
CS
)
,
F
e
b
ru
a
ry
2
0
1
8
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
2
.
[8
]
T
a
rik
G
,
Ha
d
i
L
,
A
li
S
,
“
Qo
E
-
a
w
a
r
e
Op
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
o
f
V
id
e
o
S
tr
e
a
m
Do
w
n
li
n
k
S
c
h
e
d
u
li
n
g
Ov
e
r
LT
E
Ne
t
w
o
rk
s
U
sin
g
RNN
s an
d
G
e
n
e
ti
c
A
l
g
o
rit
h
m
”
Pro
c
e
d
ia
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
,
2
0
1
6
,
v
o
l.
9
4
,
p
p
.
2
3
2
-
2
3
9
.
[9
]
Ra
d
h
a
k
rish
n
a
n
S
,
Ne
d
u
n
c
h
e
li
y
a
n
S
,
T
h
y
a
g
h
a
ra
jan
K.K.
“
A
re
v
i
e
w
o
f
d
o
w
n
li
n
k
p
a
c
k
e
t
sc
h
e
d
u
li
n
g
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
s
f
o
r
re
a
l
ti
m
e
tra
ff
ic i
n
LT
E
-
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
”,
In
d
ia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
&
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
Ja
n
u
a
ry
2
0
1
6
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
4
.
[1
0
]
Yu
a
n
-
P
i
n
g
L
,
Bin
-
Jie
H,
Hu
i
Z,
Zo
n
g
-
He
n
g
W
,
W
e
i
G
,
“
A
d
e
la
y
p
rio
ri
ty
s
c
h
e
d
u
li
n
g
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
d
o
w
n
li
n
k
re
a
l
-
ti
m
e
tr
a
ff
ic
in
LT
E
n
e
t
w
o
rk
s
”,
In
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Ne
two
rk
in
g
,
E
lec
tro
n
ic
a
n
d
A
u
to
ma
ti
o
n
Co
n
tro
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
IEE
E
,
Ch
o
n
g
q
i
n
g
,
C
h
in
a
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
1
]
P
ir
o
G
,
L
T
E
-
S
i
m
-
th
e
L
T
E
si
m
u
l
a
to
r.
[
On
L
in
e
]
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
[
h
tt
p
:
//
t
e
le
m
a
ti
c
s.p
o
li
b
a
.
it
/L
T
E
-
S
im
]
.
[1
2
]
Ib
ik
u
n
le
F
,
Olo
w
o
n
o
n
i
F
,
“
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
M
IM
O
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
to
S
y
st
e
m
s
B
e
y
o
n
d
3
G
”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
In
fo
rm
a
t
ics
a
n
d
C
o
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
2
0
1
2
,
v
o
l.
1
,
n
o
.
2
.
[1
3
]
3
G
P
P
T
S
2
3
.
0
0
2
V
1
2
.
5
.
0
,
Dig
it
a
l
c
e
ll
u
lar
tele
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
sy
ste
m
(P
h
a
se
2
+
);
Un
iv
e
rsa
l
M
o
b
il
e
T
e
le
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s S
y
ste
m
(
U
M
T
S
);
L
T
E;
Ne
t
w
o
rk
a
r
c
h
it
e
c
tu
re
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
4
]
A
n
g
riI,
Na
ji
d
A
,
M
a
h
f
o
u
d
i
M
,
“
Ne
w
Co
m
b
in
e
d
Do
w
n
li
n
k
S
c
h
e
d
u
li
n
g
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
LT
E
Ne
t
w
o
rk
s
”
,
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
n
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s A
n
ten
n
a
a
n
d
Pr
o
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
(
IRE
CAP
),
2
0
1
7
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
1
.
[1
5
]
Ole
G
,
A
n
d
re
a
Z,
Ka
sh
i
f
M
,
M
a
t
ti
a
C,
Ja
w
a
d
R,
Ol
a
v
N.
Ø.
,
“
S
c
h
e
d
u
li
n
g
p
o
li
c
ies
in
ti
m
e
a
n
d
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
d
o
m
a
in
s
f
o
r
LT
E
d
o
w
n
li
n
k
c
h
a
n
n
e
l:
a
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
c
o
m
p
a
riso
n
”,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Veh
icu
la
r
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
2
0
1
7
,
v
o
l.
66
,
n
o
.
4
.
[1
6
]
M
e
n
g
-
S
h
iu
a
n
P
,
T
z
u
-
M
in
g
L
,
C
h
u
n
-
Yu
a
n
C,
Ch
in
g
-
Ye
n
W
.
,
“
D
o
w
n
li
n
k
traff
i
c
sc
h
e
d
u
li
n
g
f
o
r
LT
E
-
A
s
m
a
ll
c
e
ll
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
w
it
h
d
u
a
l
c
o
n
n
e
c
ti
v
it
y
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
”,
IEE
E
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
A
p
ril
2
0
1
6
,
v
o
l.
20
,
n
o
.
4
,
v
o
l.
7
9
6
-
7
9
9
.
[1
7
]
3
G
P
P
T
R
2
5
.
9
1
3
V8
.
0
.
0
,
“
L
T
E:
Re
q
u
irem
e
n
ts
f
o
r
Ev
o
lv
e
d
UT
R
A
(E
-
U
T
R
A
)
a
n
d
Ev
o
l
v
e
d
UT
R
A
N
(E
-
U
T
R
AN
)
(Re
lea
se
8
)”
,
Ja
n
u
a
ry
2
0
0
9
.
[1
8
]
Ca
p
o
z
z
i
F
,
P
ir
o
G
,
G
riec
o
L
,
Bo
g
g
ia
G
,
Ca
m
a
rd
a
P
,
“
Do
w
n
li
n
k
p
a
c
k
e
t
sc
h
e
d
u
li
n
g
in
lt
e
c
e
ll
u
lar
n
e
tw
o
rk
s:
Ke
y
d
e
sig
n
issu
e
s an
d
a
s
u
rv
e
y
”
,
IEE
E
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
S
u
rv
e
y
s a
n
d
T
u
to
ri
a
ls
,
2
0
1
2
,
v
o
l.
15
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
678
-
7
0
0
.
[1
9
]
Ra
b
ie
K.
A
,
M
o
h
a
m
e
d
H.
A
,
O
c
tav
ia
A
.
D.
,
“
Per
fo
rm
a
n
c
e
a
n
a
lys
is
o
f
Pro
p
o
rt
io
n
a
l
F
a
ir
S
c
h
e
d
u
li
n
g
in
OFDM
A
W
ire
les
s
S
y
ste
ms
”
,
7
2
n
d
IEE
E
V
e
h
icu
lar
T
e
c
h
.
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
F
a
ll
(V
T
C
2
0
1
0
-
F
a
ll
)
,
Ot
taw
a
,
ON
,
Ca
n
a
d
a
,
2
0
1
0
,
pp.
6
-
9.
[2
0
]
Ba
su
k
a
la
R,
M
o
h
d
Ra
m
li
H,S
a
n
d
ra
se
g
a
ra
n
K
,
“
P
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
An
a
ly
sis
o
f
EX
P
/
P
F
a
n
d
M
-
L
W
D
F
in
Do
w
n
li
n
k
3
G
P
P
L
T
E
S
y
ste
m
”,
IEE
E
,
Fi
rs
t
Asia
n
Hima
l
a
y
a
s
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
I
n
ter
n
e
t
AH
-
ICI
,
Ka
th
m
a
n
d
u
,
Ne
p
a
l,
2
0
0
9
,
p
p
.
1
-
5.
[2
1
]
Biswa
p
ra
tap
sin
g
h
S
,
“
P
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
Co
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
p
a
c
k
e
t
sc
h
e
d
u
li
n
g
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
s
f
o
r
v
id
e
o
tra
ff
ic
in
L
T
E
c
e
ll
u
lar
n
e
tw
o
rk
”,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
M
o
b
il
e
Ne
two
rk
C
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
&
T
e
lem
a
ti
c
s
(
IJ
M
NCT
)
,
Ju
n
e
2
0
1
3
,
v
o
l
.
3
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
9
-
1
8
.
[2
2
]
M
a
h
f
o
u
d
i
M
,
E
l
Be
k
k
a
li
M
,
M
a
z
e
r
S
,
El
G
h
a
z
i
M
,
Na
ji
d
A,
“
L
TE
n
e
tw
o
r
k
c
a
p
a
c
it
y
a
n
a
l
y
s
is
to
a
v
o
id
c
o
n
g
e
stio
n
f
o
r
re
a
l
ti
m
e
tra
f
f
i
c
”,
1
4
th
M
e
d
i
ter
ra
n
e
a
n
M
icr
o
w
a
v
e
S
y
mp
o
si
u
m (
M
M
S
)
c
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
M
a
rr
a
k
e
c
h
,
M
o
ro
c
c
o
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
3
]
P
ir
o
G
,
G
riec
o
L
,
Bo
g
g
ia
G
,
Ca
p
o
z
z
i
F
,
Ca
m
a
rd
a
P,
“
S
im
u
latin
g
LT
E
c
e
ll
u
lar
s
y
st
e
m
s:
a
n
o
p
e
n
so
u
rc
e
f
ra
m
e
w
o
rk
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Veh
.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
.
,
Oc
t
2
0
1
0
,
v
o
l.
6
0
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
4
9
8
-
5
1
3
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
R
S
An
g
r
i
Is
m
a
il
wa
s
b
o
rn
in
Ak
k
a
,
T
a
ta,
M
o
ro
c
c
o
,
o
n
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
1
9
,
1
9
8
9
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
T
e
lec
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
d
e
g
re
e
in
2
0
1
3
,
f
ro
m
th
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
s
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
ics
(F
S
T
),
S
id
i
M
o
h
a
m
e
d
Ib
n
A
b
d
e
ll
a
h
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
F
e
z
,
M
o
ro
c
c
o
.
A
n
g
ri
Ism
a
il
w
o
rk
s
a
s
a
T
e
le
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
En
g
in
e
e
r
a
t
th
e
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
T
e
lec
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
Re
g
u
lato
ry
Ag
e
n
c
y
(
A
NR
T
),
Ra
b
a
t,
M
o
ro
c
c
o
.
P
h
D
stu
d
e
n
t
a
t
th
e
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
In
stit
u
te
o
f
P
o
sts
a
n
d
T
e
lec
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s,
Ra
b
a
t
,
M
o
ro
c
c
o
.
Em
a
il
:
Ism
a
il
.
a
n
g
ri@g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
M
a
h
fo
u
d
i
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
b
o
rn
in
1
9
8
6
i
n
S
e
f
ro
u
(M
o
r
o
c
c
o
),
o
b
tai
n
e
d
g
ra
d
u
a
te
e
n
g
in
e
e
r
d
e
g
re
e
in
T
e
le
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
Ne
tw
o
rk
s
in
2
0
1
0
a
t
t
h
e
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
A
p
p
li
e
d
S
c
ien
c
e
s
o
f
F
e
z
.
M
a
h
f
o
u
d
i
M
o
h
a
m
e
d
w
o
rk
e
d
a
s
T
e
c
h
n
ica
l
su
p
p
o
r
t
e
n
g
in
e
e
r
a
t
Hu
a
w
e
i
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Cu
rre
n
tl
y
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
P
h
D
in
T
e
lec
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
f
ro
m
S
id
i
M
o
h
a
m
e
d
Be
n
A
b
d
e
ll
a
h
Un
iv
e
rsity
F
e
z
.
E
-
m
a
il
:
m
a
h
f
o
u
d
i.
m
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
@g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.