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[
7
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(
QC
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8
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.
VOC
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d
w
o
r
k
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
,
t
h
e
c
h
an
ce
s
o
f
b
ei
n
g
p
r
esen
ted
to
h
az
ar
d
o
u
s
ce
n
tr
aliza
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
g
as
ar
e
w
ell
in
s
id
e
r
ea
s
o
n
.
P
r
o
p
an
e
is
an
asp
h
y
x
iate,
w
h
ic
h
m
ea
n
s
h
ig
h
ce
n
tr
aliza
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
g
a
s
ca
n
ca
u
s
e
s
u
f
f
o
ca
ti
o
n
.
P
r
esen
tatio
n
to
h
i
g
h
f
o
cu
s
es
ca
n
li
k
e
w
is
e
ca
u
s
e
h
ea
r
t
f
ai
lu
r
e,
o
b
v
io
u
s
n
es
s
o
r
s
eizu
r
es.
Ma
n
a
g
ed
co
n
tac
t
w
i
th
t
h
e
s
k
i
n
ca
n
ca
u
s
e
f
r
o
s
tb
ite
[
2
2
]
.
Pro
p
an
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
i
n
lo
w
er
f
o
cu
s
es
ca
n
lik
e
w
i
s
e
ca
u
s
e
p
h
y
s
ical
h
ar
m
,
esp
ec
iall
y
to
t
h
e
f
o
ca
l se
n
s
o
r
y
s
y
s
te
m
,
l
u
n
g
s
an
d
e
y
e
s
.
3.
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
3
.
1
.
P
a
ra
llel
f
a
ct
o
r
a
na
ly
s
is
(
P
A
RAF
AC)
T
h
e
ex
a
m
p
le
p
ar
t
o
f
s
m
ell
i
s
g
o
tte
n
b
y
m
a
k
in
g
u
tili
za
t
io
n
o
f
P
A
R
AF
AC
.
P
A
R
AF
AC
(
P
ar
allel
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
e
x
a
m
i
n
atio
n
)
i
s
a
s
p
ec
u
latio
n
o
f
P
C
A
(
P
r
in
cip
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
in
v
e
s
ti
g
atio
n
)
to
all
th
e
m
o
r
e
li
k
el
y
r
eq
u
est
clu
s
ter
s
,
an
y
w
a
y
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
q
u
ali
ties
o
f
t
h
e
s
tr
ateg
y
ar
e
q
u
ite
u
n
iq
u
e
i
n
r
elati
o
n
to
th
e
o
r
d
in
ar
y
co
m
p
r
is
in
g
o
f
th
er
e
m
i
g
h
t
b
e
n
o
r
ev
o
lu
t
io
n
is
s
u
e
in
P
AR
A
F
AC
,
an
d
e.
g
.
,
u
n
ad
u
lter
ated
s
p
ec
tr
a
ca
n
b
e
r
ec
u
p
er
ated
f
r
o
m
m
u
lt
i
-
w
a
y
o
th
er
w
o
r
ld
l
y
r
ec
o
r
d
s
.
Her
e,
w
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
P
A
R
A
F
AC
to
co
u
p
le
o
f
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
a
l
clu
s
ter
s
.
T
h
e
P
A
R
AF
AC
m
o
d
el
ca
n
co
m
p
letel
y
u
ti
lize
th
e
m
aj
o
r
it
y
o
f
th
e
est
i
m
a
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
d
is
tin
ctio
n
co
-
ex
h
ib
it,
r
ath
er
t
h
an
it
s
f
r
ac
tio
n
al
esti
m
at
io
n
s
a
s
th
e
r
e
v
ea
led
m
o
d
els
[
2
3
]
.
A
th
r
ee
-
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
al
ex
h
ib
it
m
i
g
h
t
b
e
n
o
i
f
s
a
n
d
s
o
r
b
u
ts
v
ie
w
ed
as
a
r
ig
id
o
f
-
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
al
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
o
f
th
e
eq
u
iv
a
l
en
t
len
g
t
h
.
P
ar
allel
f
ac
to
r
an
al
y
s
i
s
(
P
A
R
AF
AC
)
is
d
is
p
la
y
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
f
o
r
o
b
s
er
v
in
g
u
n
r
e
f
i
n
ed
p
etr
o
leu
m
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
[
2
4
].
A
ca
s
e
f
o
r
a
-
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
al
d
ata
clu
s
ter
co
u
ld
b
e
s
o
m
e
d
eli
b
er
ate
v
ar
iab
le,
s
a
y
t
h
e
co
n
s
i
d
er
atio
n
o
f
o
zo
n
e
(
O3
)
in
s
id
e
th
e
air
,
at
r
estrictiv
e
ca
s
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
d
a
y
i
n
r
e
m
ar
k
ab
le
g
eo
lo
g
ical
ar
ea
s
.
T
w
o
-
r
o
u
te
v
ar
ietie
s
o
f
t
h
is
co
m
p
o
s
e
ar
e
r
eg
u
lar
l
y
d
ec
a
y
ed
th
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
(
b
ilin
ea
r
)
P
r
in
cip
al
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
An
al
y
s
is
(
P
C
A
)
.
T
h
e
esti
m
atio
n
s
p
r
esen
tl
y
w
i
n
d
u
p
co
n
tin
g
e
n
t
u
p
o
n
th
r
ee
f
ac
to
r
s
,
an
d
y
o
u
r
clu
s
ter
th
r
e
e
-
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
al.
P
C
A
ca
n
'
t
b
e
ex
ec
u
ted
to
3
-
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
al
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
s
as
it
's
m
iles
i
n
tr
in
s
icall
y
b
ili
n
ea
r
[
2
5
]
.
W
h
en
ev
er
u
n
f
u
r
led
,
th
e
ex
h
ib
it
m
ig
h
t
b
e
e
x
p
o
s
ed
to
P
C
A
,
h
o
w
e
v
er
lo
s
es
its
g
e
n
u
i
n
e
th
r
ee
-
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
al
s
h
a
p
e.
P
A
R
A
F
AC
i
s
eq
u
ip
p
ed
f
o
r
w
o
r
k
s
tr
aig
h
t
f
o
r
w
ar
d
l
y
at
t
h
e
t
h
r
ee
-
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
al
c
lu
s
ter
a
n
d
t
h
u
s
g
r
ab
its
g
e
n
u
in
e
p
iece
.
An
o
p
tio
n
i
n
co
n
tr
ast
to
P
AR
AF
A
C
m
i
g
h
t
b
e
g
iv
e
n
th
e
g
u
i
d
e
o
f
t
h
e
T
u
c
k
er
3
ca
lcu
la
tio
n
,
o
r
,
in
o
th
er
w
o
r
d
s
m
o
r
e
ad
ap
tab
le
m
o
d
el
o
f
P
AR
A
F
AC
.
T
h
e
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
is
s
h
o
w
i
n
g
t
h
e
g
r
ap
h
ical
r
ep
r
ese
n
tat
io
n
o
f
p
ar
allel
f
ac
to
r
an
al
y
s
is
a
n
d
also
s
h
o
w
i
n
g
t
h
e
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
t
h
r
ee
d
im
en
tio
n
al
d
ata
s
et
ar
r
a
y
.
T
h
i
s
co
n
v
er
t
t
h
e
h
ig
h
er
d
i
m
en
t
io
n
al
d
ata
to
lo
w
er
d
i
m
en
tio
n
al
d
ata.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Gr
ap
h
ical
r
ep
r
esen
ta
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
f
ac
to
r
an
al
y
s
is
(
le
f
t
)
an
d
P
A
R
A
F
AC
b
ased
d
ata
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
i
tio
n
o
f
a
3
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
al
d
ata
ar
r
a
y
s
et
(
r
ig
h
t)
Si
m
i
lar
to
th
e
o
th
er
f
ac
to
r
an
al
y
s
i
s
m
eth
o
d
s
t
h
e
P
AR
A
F
AC
is
a
k
in
d
o
f
d
ata
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
i
n
to
f
ac
to
r
t
h
at
a
f
f
ec
ts
m
o
d
alit
y
.
L
et
F:
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
f
ac
to
r
s
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t
to
t
h
e
j
th
s
lice
o
f
t
h
e
2
nd
m
o
d
alit
y
o
f
t
h
e
ar
r
ay
g
iv
e
n
b
y
:
×
×
=
×
×
×
+
×
×
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
1
9
:
3
4
4
1
-
3
4
4
9
3444
s
:
d
iag
o
n
al
m
atr
i
x
w
it
h
s
u
ch
th
at
t
h
e
j
th
r
o
w
o
f
D
is
alo
n
g
t
h
e
d
iag
o
n
al.
Si
m
ilar
l
y
f
o
r
a
m
u
lti
-
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
al
d
ata
ar
r
ay
s
1
×
2
×
…
…
.
.
×
h
ig
h
er
th
a
n
3
rd
o
r
d
er
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
P
A
R
AF
AC
d
is
in
te
g
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
3
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
al
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
clu
s
ter
in
lef
t
co
n
tr
asted
w
it
h
th
e
r
elati
n
g
p
ar
allel
f
ac
to
r
ex
a
m
i
n
atio
n
b
as
ed
d
ec
ay
o
f
3
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
al
i
n
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
ex
h
ib
it
b
y
u
n
f
u
r
lin
g
t
h
e
t
h
ir
d
m
o
d
e
in
to
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
m
o
d
e
P
C
A
ca
n
'
t b
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
r
ee
-
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
a
l in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
u
ch
clu
s
ter
w
h
e
n
ev
er
e
x
p
o
s
ed
to
t
h
e
P
C
A
lo
s
e
s
it
s
ac
t
u
al
t
h
r
ee
-
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
al
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
T
h
e
b
l
u
n
d
er
m
i
n
i
m
izatio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
e
x
c
h
an
g
i
n
g
m
in
i
m
u
m
s
q
u
ar
es
(
AL
S)
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
I
t
iter
ativ
e
l
y
g
i
v
es
t
h
e
s
tack
in
g
g
r
id
s
A
,
B
,
an
d
C
b
y
th
e
ca
lc
u
latio
n
g
i
v
e
n
b
en
ea
th
:
1.
P
ick
t
h
e
q
u
a
n
tit
y
o
f
p
ar
ts
,
F(o
n
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
o
f
F
s
ee
n
e
x
t se
ctio
n
)
2.
I
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
B
an
d
C
3.
Gau
g
e
A
f
r
o
m
X,
B
,
an
d
C
b
y
s
lig
h
te
s
t sq
u
ar
e
r
elap
s
e
to
m
i
n
i
m
ize
t
h
e
s
q
u
ar
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
is
ta
k
e
4.
Gau
g
e
B
an
d
C
in
li
k
e
m
an
n
er
.
5.
R
eh
a
s
h
f
r
o
m
(
3
)
u
n
til th
e
co
n
v
er
g
e
s
(
in
d
icate
d
b
y
j
u
s
t litt
le
ch
an
g
es i
n
f
it o
r
lo
ad
in
g
s
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
P
A
R
AF
AC
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
i
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
3
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
al
d
ata
ar
r
ay
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
E
v
er
y
s
e
n
s
o
r
r
ea
ctio
n
i
s
s
p
ar
ed
as
co
n
ten
t
d
o
cu
m
e
n
t
at
tes
tin
g
r
ec
u
r
r
en
ce
p
u
r
s
u
e
s
:
Se
g
m
en
t
f
ir
s
t
:
T
im
e,
s
ec
o
n
d
:
T
e
m
p
er
atu
r
e,
3
rd
:
MI
C
S
5
5
2
1
r
ec
o
r
d
s
,
4
th
:
M
I
C
S5
1
3
5
,
f
if
t
h
:
T
GS2
6
0
2
,
s
ix
th
:
T
GS2
6
0
0
,
7
th
:
T
GS2
6
1
1
,
eig
h
t
h
:
T
GS
2
6
2
0
.
A
Ma
tlab
co
d
e
h
as
b
ee
n
cr
ea
ted
to
r
eq
u
ests
a
d
ataset
d
o
c
u
m
e
n
t,
an
d
i
m
p
o
r
ts
th
e
as
i
n
d
icate
d
b
y
t
h
e
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
len
g
t
h
.
T
h
is
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
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is
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at
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ttp
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m
r
p
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r
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b
o
tics
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d
atasets
.
4
.
1
.
Da
t
a
i
nfo
rm
a
t
io
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Fo
r
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ce
to
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g
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s
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r
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e
x
p
lo
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y
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o
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l
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Sen
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C
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5
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=
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Fro
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th
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Go
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d
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v
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th
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u
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f
P
A
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AF
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ex
a
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th
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if
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s
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ter
s
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T
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p
r
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F
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k
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
A
.
D.
W
il
so
n
,
“
Div
e
rse
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
-
No
se
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
in
A
g
ri
c
u
lt
u
re
a
n
d
F
o
r
e
str
y
,
”
S
e
n
so
rs
,
v
o
l.
1
3
,
p
p
.
2
2
9
5
-
2
3
4
8
,
2
0
1
3
.
[2
]
D.
A
.
Bu
rn
s,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
A
c
id
ra
in
a
n
d
it
s
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
e
ff
e
c
ts:
Re
c
e
n
t
sc
ien
ti
f
ic
a
d
v
a
n
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e
s
,”
At
mo
sp
h
e
ric
En
v
iro
n
me
n
t
,
v
o
l.
1
4
6
,
p
p
.
1
-
4
,
2
0
1
6
.
[3
]
C.
Ch
e
m
e
l,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Od
o
u
r
-
Im
p
a
c
t
A
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t
a
ro
u
n
d
a
L
a
n
d
f
il
l
S
it
e
f
ro
m
W
e
a
th
e
r
-
Ty
p
e
Cl
a
ss
i
f
ica
t
io
n
,
Co
m
p
lain
t
In
v
e
n
to
ry
a
n
d
Nu
m
e
rica
l
S
i
m
u
latio
n
,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
n
v
iro
n
me
n
ta
l
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
,
v
o
l.
93,
p
p
.
85
-
94
,
2
0
1
2
.
[4
]
S
.
T
o
z
lu
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
W
i
-
F
i
e
n
a
b
led
se
n
so
rs
f
o
r
in
tern
e
t
o
f
th
in
g
s
:
a
p
ra
c
ti
c
a
l
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
,
”
IEE
E
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
M
a
g
a
zin
e
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
50
(
6
)
,
p
p
.
1
3
4
-
1
4
3
,
2
0
1
2
.
[5
]
T
.
Na
k
a
m
o
to
a
n
d
E
.
S
u
m
it
im
o
,
“
S
tu
d
y
o
f
ro
b
u
st
o
d
o
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se
n
si
n
g
s
y
st
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m
w
it
h
a
u
to
-
se
n
sit
iv
it
y
c
o
n
tro
l
,”
S
e
n
s.
Act
u
a
t
o
rs
B
Ch
e
m
.,
v
o
l
.
8
9
,
p
p
.
2
8
5
-
2
9
1
,
2
0
0
3
.
[6
]
M.
Dip
a
n
jali,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
Em
issio
n
,
S
p
e
c
iatio
n
,
a
n
d
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
Im
p
a
c
ts
o
f
No
n
-
M
e
th
a
n
e
Vo
latil
e
Org
a
n
ic
Co
m
p
o
u
n
d
s
f
ro
m
Op
e
n
Du
m
p
S
it
e
,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
t
h
e
Ai
r
&
W
a
ste
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
Asso
c
ia
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
6
4
,
p
p
.
8
3
4
-
8
4
5
,
2
0
1
4
.
[7
]
C.
A
.
M
c
L
in
d
e
n
,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
S
p
a
c
e
-
b
a
se
d
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
o
f
m
issin
g
su
lf
u
r
d
io
x
id
e
s
o
u
rc
e
s
o
f
g
lo
b
a
l
a
ir
p
o
l
l
u
ti
o
n
,”
Na
tu
re
Ge
o
sc
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
9
(
7
),
pp.
4
9
6
-
5
0
0
,
2
0
1
6
.
[8
]
A
.
D.
W
il
so
n
,
e
t
a
l
., “
M
.
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s a
n
d
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
s in
e
lec
tro
n
ic
-
n
o
se
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
,”
v
o
l.
9,
pp.
5
0
9
9
-
5
1
4
8
,
2
0
0
9
.
[9
]
D
.
Ro
d
ríg
u
e
z
,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
E
ff
e
c
t
o
f
c
o
n
tro
l
p
a
ra
m
e
ters
o
n
e
m
it
ted
v
o
latil
e
c
o
m
p
o
u
n
d
s in
m
u
n
icip
a
l
so
li
d
w
a
ste
a
n
d
p
in
e
tri
m
m
in
g
s c
o
m
p
o
stin
g
,”
J
.
En
v
iro
n
.
S
c
i
.
He
a
lt
h
A
T
o
x
ic/Ha
z
a
rd
.
S
u
b
st.
E
n
v
iro
n
.
En
g
.
,
v
o
l.
4
5
,
p
p
.
8
5
5
-
8
6
2
,
2
0
1
0
.
[1
0
]
B.
F
.
S
tale
y
,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
Re
lea
se
t
ra
c
e
o
rg
a
n
ic
c
o
m
p
o
u
n
d
s
d
u
ri
n
g
th
e
d
e
c
o
m
p
o
siti
o
n
o
f
m
u
n
icip
a
l
so
li
d
w
a
ste
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
,”
En
v
ir
o
n
.
S
c
i.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l.
,
v
o
l.
4
0
,
pp.
5
9
8
4
-
5
9
9
1
,
2
0
0
6
.
[1
1
]
A.
S
a
n
c
h
e
z
,
“
A
k
in
e
ti
c
a
n
a
l
y
sis o
f
so
li
d
w
a
ste
c
o
m
p
o
stin
g
a
t
o
p
ti
m
a
l
c
o
n
d
i
ti
o
n
s
,
”
v
o
l.
2
7
,
p
p
.
8
5
4
-
8
5
5
,
2
0
0
7
.
[1
2
]
Na
y
a
k
R.
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Io
T
Ba
se
d
Air
P
o
ll
u
ti
o
n
M
o
n
i
to
ri
n
g
S
y
ste
m
,
”
Imp
e
ria
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
ter
d
isc
ip
li
n
a
ry
Res
e
a
rc
h
(
IJ
IR)
,
p
p
.
5
7
1
-
5
7
5
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
3
]
G
.
K
e
sh
ri,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Di
ff
e
r
e
n
ti
a
ti
o
n
o
f
Ag
a
ricu
s
sp
e
c
ies
a
n
d
o
th
e
r
h
o
m
o
b
a
sid
io
m
y
c
e
t
e
s
b
a
se
d
o
n
v
o
l
a
ti
le
p
ro
d
u
c
ti
o
n
p
a
tt
e
rn
s u
si
n
g
a
n
e
lec
tro
n
ic n
o
se
s
y
ste
m
,
”
M
y
c
o
l.
Res
.
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
1
0
7
(
5
)
,
p
p
.
6
0
9
-
6
1
3
,
2
0
0
3
.
[1
4
]
L.
L
iu
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
V
e
c
to
r
-
se
n
so
r
-
b
a
se
d
sig
n
a
l
p
a
ra
m
e
ter
e
sti
m
a
ti
o
n
b
y
e
x
p
lo
it
in
g
c
p
d
o
f
ten
so
rs
,”
I
EE
E
S
e
n
s.
L
e
tt
.,
v
o
l.
2
,
p
p
.
1
–
4
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
5
]
R.
J.
P
a
y
n
e
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Nitro
g
e
n
d
e
p
o
siti
o
n
a
n
d
p
lan
t
b
io
d
iv
e
r
sity
:
p
a
st,
p
re
se
n
t,
a
n
d
f
u
tu
re
,”
Fro
n
ti
e
rs
in
Eco
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
th
e
En
v
iro
n
me
n
t
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
15
(
8
),
pp.
4
3
1
-
4
3
6
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
6
]
A
.
Zh
a
o
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
n
i
m
p
ro
v
e
d
a
e
rial
targ
e
t
lo
c
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
m
e
t
h
o
d
w
it
h
a
sin
g
le
v
e
c
to
r
se
n
so
r
,”
S
e
n
so
rs
,
v
o
l.
1
7
,
p
p
.
2
6
1
9
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
7
]
K.
Ba
lak
rish
n
a
n
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Ho
u
se
h
o
ld
A
ir
P
o
ll
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ti
o
n
Ex
p
o
s
u
re
s
o
f
P
re
g
n
a
n
t
W
o
m
e
n
Re
c
e
iv
in
g
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
Co
m
b
u
stio
n
Co
o
k
sto
v
e
s in
I
n
d
ia:
Im
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s f
o
r
In
terv
e
n
ti
o
n
,”
An
n
a
ls o
f
Gl
o
b
a
l
He
a
lt
h
,
v
o
l
.
8
1
,
p
p
.
3
7
5
-
3
8
5
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
8
]
M
a
rsh
a
ll
R.
E
.
a
n
d
F
a
ra
h
b
a
k
h
sh
K.
,
“
S
y
ste
m
s
a
p
p
ro
a
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s
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ra
ted
so
li
d
w
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ste
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g
e
m
e
n
t
in
d
e
v
e
lo
p
in
g
c
o
u
n
tr
ies
,”
W
a
ste
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a
n
a
g
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me
n
t
,
v
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e
:
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4
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p
p
.
9
8
8
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3
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2
0
1
3
.
[1
9
]
I.
T.
Ek
e
u
-
w
e
i,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
As
se
ss
m
e
n
t
o
f
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
tal
im
p
a
c
t
o
f
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li
d
w
a
ste
d
u
m
p
sites
u
sin
g
re
m
o
te
se
n
sin
g
,”
Nig
e
ria
n
jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
n
ij
o
tec
h
)
,
vol
/i
ss
u
e
:
37
(
1
)
,
p
p
.
2
7
5
-
285
,
2
0
1
8
.
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e
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z
D.,
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se
:
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a
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c
ip
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e
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o
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In
ter
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re
ra
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.
P.,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Co
m
b
in
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d
e
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ts
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s
,”
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v
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.
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p
.
5
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[2
2
]
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.
F
.
W
a
ll
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V
ries
a
n
d
R.
Bo
b
b
in
k
,
“
Nitr
o
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e
p
o
siti
o
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im
p
a
c
ts
o
n
b
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o
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rsity
in
terre
strial
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c
o
s
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ste
m
s:
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e
c
h
a
n
ism
s a
n
d
p
e
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e
c
ti
v
e
s f
o
r
re
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ra
ti
o
n
,”
Bi
o
l
o
g
ica
l
C
o
n
se
rv
a
ti
o
n
,
v
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l.
2
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2
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p
.
3
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-
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8
9
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0
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3
]
W
.
G
.
M
e
n
d
o
z
a
,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
A
p
p
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a
ti
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o
f
f
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e
a
n
d
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A
RA
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A
C
to
a
ss
e
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c
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l
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u
ti
o
n
o
f
su
b
su
rf
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y
d
ro
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n
s
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n
d
d
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t
d
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g
th
e
De
e
p
w
a
ter
Ho
rizo
n
o
i
l
s
p
il
l
,”
En
v
iro
n
.
S
c
i.
:
Pro
c
e
ss
e
s
Imp
a
c
ts
,
v
o
l
.
15,
p
p
.
1
0
1
7
2
0
1
3
.
[2
4
]
W
.
Ra
o
,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
A
No
v
e
l
P
A
R
AFA
C
M
o
d
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l
f
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r
P
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e
Ne
ste
d
V
e
c
to
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-
S
e
n
so
r
A
rra
y
,”
S
e
n
so
rs
,
v
o
l.
1
8
,
pp.
3
7
0
8
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
5
]
L
.
Ch
e
n
g
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
P
ro
b
a
b
i
li
stic
t
e
n
so
r
c
a
n
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ica
l
p
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ly
a
d
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d
e
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m
p
o
s
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o
n
w
it
h
o
rt
h
o
g
o
n
a
l
f
a
c
to
rs,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
S
ig
n
a
l
Pro
c
e
ss
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
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(
3
)
,
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p
.
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e
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0
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