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Dep
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.
Sp
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[
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.
T
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p
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s
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i
s
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ca
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s
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to
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ti
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co
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d
to
ap
p
ly
th
is
o
b
j
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tiv
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[
4
,
5]
.
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t
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to
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[
6
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.
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d
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co
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p
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s
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tech
n
iq
u
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ca
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b
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ar
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an
g
ed
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to
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f
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n
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m
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iii)
tr
a
n
s
f
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m
a
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f
o
r
m
s
[
7
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8
]
.
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f
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s
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t
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I
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g
,
Vo
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11
,
No
.
4
,
A
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s
t 2
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4
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3469
3460
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DW
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9
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DC
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ed
b
y
DW
T
.
I
n
g
e
n
er
al,
d
ig
itized
d
ata
ca
n
b
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
a
lo
w
er
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
b
its
w
h
e
n
r
e
m
o
v
i
n
g
th
e
ex
is
t
in
g
.
Al
s
o
,
Kau
r
in
d
icate
d
th
at
w
a
v
elet
f
ilter
s
ca
n
lead
to
g
o
o
d
f
id
elit
y
r
esu
lt
s
w
h
e
n
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
cti
n
g
t
h
e
co
m
p
r
es
s
ed
s
p
ee
ch
s
i
g
n
a
l.
Hig
h
-
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
co
m
p
r
es
s
io
n
r
es
u
lt
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
in
P
SNR
an
d
MSE
o
f
th
e
s
i
g
n
al
w
h
e
n
u
s
i
n
g
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
f
ilt
er
s
w
i
th
t
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
m
o
d
el.
Fo
r
s
p
ee
ch
s
i
g
n
al
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
,
th
i
s
m
eth
o
d
ca
n
b
e
v
er
y
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
el
y
ap
p
lied
.
Dr
w
ee
s
h
a
n
d
Geo
r
g
e
[
1
3
]
u
s
ed
t
h
e
b
i
-
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
tab
9
/
7
w
a
v
elet
f
ilter
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
a
u
d
io
co
d
in
g
s
ch
e
m
e.
T
h
e
s
u
g
g
ested
co
d
in
g
s
c
h
e
m
e
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
f
i
v
e
s
ta
g
es,
th
e
s
e
s
ta
g
es
ar
e
t
h
e
au
d
io
n
o
r
m
al
izatio
n
,
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
co
d
in
g
u
s
i
n
g
w
a
v
elet
(
t
ap
9
/7
)
,
th
e
w
av
e
let
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
s
ar
e
q
u
an
tized
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
ess
i
v
e
h
ier
ar
ch
al
s
ch
e
m
e,
a
m
o
d
i
f
ied
r
u
n
-
len
g
t
h
e
n
co
d
in
g
w
a
s
ap
p
lied
to
r
e
d
u
ce
lo
n
g
r
u
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
ze
r
o
s
n
u
m
b
er
s
,
an
d
f
i
n
all
y
en
co
d
in
g
u
s
i
n
g
h
i
g
h
o
r
d
er
s
h
i
f
t
co
d
in
g
is
ap
p
lied
.
T
h
e
last
s
tep
o
f
th
e
d
ec
o
m
p
r
es
s
io
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
p
o
s
t
-
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
th
i
s
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
s
u
s
ed
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
q
u
a
n
tiza
t
io
n
o
f
n
o
is
e
o
u
tco
m
e
s
t
h
at
h
ap
p
en
s
w
h
e
n
lo
w
en
er
g
etic
s
e
g
m
e
n
ts
o
f
th
e
a
u
d
io
s
ig
n
al
an
d
ca
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
it.
T
h
e
ac
h
iev
ed
o
u
tco
m
e
s
s
h
o
w
ed
th
at
t
h
e
co
m
p
r
es
s
io
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
is
p
r
o
m
i
s
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
s
e
v
er
al
p
ass
e
s
o
f
w
a
v
elet
s
m
ad
e
th
e
C
R
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
.
T
h
e
q
u
a
lit
y
a
n
d
th
e
f
id
elit
y
o
f
th
e
r
eb
u
ild
a
u
d
io
d
ata
co
n
s
id
er
ed
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
if
P
SN
R
i
s
lo
w
er
th
an
3
8
Db
w
h
e
n
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
o
s
t
-
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
s
tep
.
I
n
[
1
4
]
Kau
r
an
d
Me
h
r
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
a
u
d
io
s
ig
n
al
b
y
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
Var
io
u
s
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
s
s
u
c
h
as
DW
T
an
d
DC
T
ar
e
u
s
ed
.
T
h
e
test
r
es
u
lts
s
h
o
w
ed
th
at
DC
T
is
b
etter
i
n
C
R
an
d
SN
R
a
n
d
P
SNR
is
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
DW
T
,
w
h
ile
DW
T
is
m
o
r
e
in
MSE
.
Fo
r
au
d
io
co
m
p
r
es
s
io
n
,
t
h
e
DW
T
is
b
et
ter
th
an
D
C
T
.
Vig
a
an
d
C
h
a
u
h
a
n
[
1
5
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
h
y
b
r
id
w
a
v
elet
f
o
r
s
p
ee
ch
co
m
p
r
es
s
io
n
.
T
h
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
en
er
g
y
to
b
e
k
ep
t
ar
e
ch
an
g
in
g
to
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
d
if
f
er
en
t
lev
els
o
f
co
m
p
r
es
s
io
n
,
th
is
is
u
s
ed
as
a
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
.
T
h
e
P
SNR
a
n
d
MSE
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
n
o
ticed
t
h
eir
v
al
u
es
b
y
ch
a
n
g
i
n
g
t
h
is
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
v
alu
e
f
r
o
m
9
9
%
to
9
9
.
9
%.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
il
lu
s
tr
ated
t
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
w
a
v
elet
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
etter
an
d
n
o
tab
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t i
n
P
SNR
f
o
r
s
i
m
ilar
b
it r
ates
.
T
h
e
m
ain
p
r
o
b
lem
is
t
h
e
n
e
ed
f
o
r
tr
an
s
f
er
r
in
g
i
n
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
o
v
er
t
h
e
in
ter
n
et
w
h
ic
h
r
eq
u
ir
ed
an
ad
d
itio
n
al
s
to
r
ag
e
d
ev
ice
to
h
an
d
le
g
r
o
w
th
i
n
i
n
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
an
d
th
is
w
i
ll
lead
to
an
ad
d
itio
n
al
co
s
t
f
o
r
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
t
h
e
p
r
o
j
ec
t
tar
g
et
is
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
au
d
io
co
m
p
r
es
s
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
b
ased
o
n
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
co
d
in
g
a
n
d
L
Z
W
.
A
co
m
b
i
n
ed
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
co
d
in
g
s
c
h
e
m
e
w
a
s
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
,
th
e
ad
o
p
ted
s
y
s
te
m
u
tili
ze
b
o
th
DW
T
an
d
DC
T
to
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
e
au
d
io
s
i
g
n
al.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
b
i
n
ed
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
i
s
a
m
o
v
e
to
p
r
o
g
r
ess
i
v
e
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
q
u
a
n
t
izat
io
n
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
R
L
E
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
lo
n
g
r
u
n
s
f
o
r
ze
r
o
v
alu
es,
an
d
f
in
all
y
,
th
e
L
Z
W
co
d
in
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
.
L
Z
W
is
u
s
ed
b
ec
au
s
e
it,
i)
r
ed
u
c
e
th
e
s
ize
o
f
f
iles
h
av
in
g
m
o
r
e
r
ep
etitiv
e
d
ata;
ii)
f
a
s
t
a
n
d
ea
s
y
e
n
tr
o
p
y
en
co
d
er
to
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
an
d
ii
i)
a
lo
s
s
les
s
co
m
p
r
es
s
io
n
,
all
t
h
e
co
n
ten
ts
o
f
t
h
e
f
ile
ar
e
r
e
m
ain
ed
d
u
r
i
n
g
o
r
af
ter
co
m
p
r
e
s
s
io
n
.
So
th
at
t
h
e
m
a
i
n
co
n
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
o
f
t
h
is
w
o
r
k
h
as
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
th
e
co
m
p
r
es
s
io
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
a
u
d
io
s
i
g
n
al
b
y
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
co
m
b
in
ed
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
s
,
p
r
o
g
r
es
s
i
v
e
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
q
u
an
t
izat
io
n
,
an
d
r
u
n
-
le
n
g
th
w
i
th
L
Z
W
co
d
in
g
.
2.
T
H
E
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
M
E
T
H
O
D
Sin
ce
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
p
r
o
p
er
h
i
g
h
en
tr
o
p
y
e
n
co
d
in
g
i
s
a
v
ita
l
s
t
ep
w
i
th
an
y
lo
s
s
y
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
s
ch
e
m
e
(
i.e
.
;
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
lit
er
atu
r
e)
,
s
o
th
i
s
w
o
r
k
is
d
ed
ic
ated
to
h
i
g
h
e
n
tr
o
p
y
e
n
co
d
in
g
co
m
b
in
e
d
w
i
th
th
e
co
m
b
i
n
ed
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
co
d
i
n
g
s
c
h
e
m
e
to
co
m
p
r
es
s
t
h
e
a
u
d
io
s
i
g
n
al.
T
h
e
au
d
io
co
m
p
r
es
s
io
n
s
ch
e
m
e
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
ap
p
lied
w
ith
f
o
u
r
co
n
n
ec
ted
s
tag
es;
th
e
s
e
s
ta
g
es
ar
e;
i
)
P
r
ep
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
i
i)
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
co
d
in
g
,
i
ii)
Qu
a
n
tizer
,
an
d
iv
)
E
n
tr
o
p
y
en
co
d
er
.
Firstl
y
,
p
r
ep
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
i
s
ap
p
lied
t
o
p
r
ea
m
b
le
th
e
au
d
io
d
ata.
Seco
n
d
l
y
,
a
s
u
itab
l
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
(
DW
T
an
d
DC
T
)
is
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
.
T
h
ir
d
ly
,
t
h
e
o
u
tco
m
es
ar
e
p
ass
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
r
o
g
r
es
s
i
v
e
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
q
u
an
t
izatio
n
o
p
er
atio
n
to
r
e
m
o
v
e
t
h
e
ex
i
s
t
in
g
p
s
y
c
h
o
-
v
i
s
u
al
r
ed
u
n
d
an
c
y
,
n
o
ti
n
g
th
at
t
h
e
q
u
an
tizat
io
n
i
s
o
n
e
ti
m
e
a
f
te
r
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
b
o
th
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
s
.
Fin
all
y
,
q
u
a
n
tiza
tio
n
v
al
u
es
ar
e
co
d
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
L
Z
W
co
d
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
.
T
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
el
is
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
,
th
e
s
ta
g
es
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
ar
e
ex
p
lai
n
ed
w
it
h
d
etail
s
in
t
h
e
n
e
x
t sec
tio
n
s
.
2
.
1
.
P
re
pro
ce
s
s
ing
s
t
a
g
e
T
h
is
p
r
ep
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
s
ta
g
e
i
s
n
e
ce
s
s
ar
y
f
o
r
t
h
e
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
o
f
th
e
a
u
d
io
d
ata
an
d
m
a
k
es
late
r
s
tag
e
s
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
r
u
n
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
l
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
A
u
d
io
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
u
s
in
g
tr
a
n
s
fo
r
ms a
n
d
h
ig
h
o
r
d
er e
n
tr
o
p
y
en
co
d
in
g
(
Za
in
a
b
J.
A
h
med
)
3461
2
.
1
.
1
.
L
o
a
d a
ud
io
da
t
a
T
h
e
h
ea
d
er
d
ata
is
r
ea
d
to
g
et
th
e
b
asic
f
i
le
an
d
s
ig
n
al
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
(
i.e
.
,
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
a
m
p
les,
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
c
h
an
n
el
s
,
s
a
m
p
li
n
g
r
ate,
an
d
s
a
m
p
l
in
g
r
eso
lu
tio
n
)
.
A
l
s
o
,
th
e
au
d
io
f
ile
(
w
it
h
W
A
VE
)
f
o
r
m
at
is
lo
ad
ed
as
an
ar
r
ay
o
f
u
n
s
i
g
n
ed
b
y
te
s
w
h
e
n
th
e
s
a
m
p
le
r
eso
lu
tio
n
i
s
(
8
b
it/s
a
m
p
le)
,
an
d
as
a
n
ar
r
a
y
o
f
s
i
g
n
ed
i
n
teg
er
s
i
f
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
l
e
r
eso
lu
tio
n
i
s
(
1
6
b
it/s
a
m
p
le)
.
2
.
1
.
2
.
No
r
m
a
liza
t
io
n
No
r
m
a
lizatio
n
i
s
a
p
r
o
ce
s
s
to
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
au
d
io
d
ata
r
an
g
e
w
h
eth
er
t
h
e
y
ar
e
8
o
r
1
6
-
b
it
s
a
m
p
le
r
eso
lu
tio
n
,
f
o
r
[
-
1
,
1
]
.
T
h
e
n
o
r
m
aliza
tio
n
o
p
er
atio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
b
y
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
[
1
3
]
:
=
{
(
)
−
127
.
5
127
.
5
=
8
(
)
32768
=
16
(
1
)
w
h
er
e
W
(
i)
is
th
e
i
th
lo
ad
ed
au
d
io
d
ata
v
alu
e.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
s
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
el
(
en
c
o
d
in
g
u
n
it a
n
d
d
ec
o
d
in
g
u
n
it)
2
.
2
.
T
ra
ns
f
o
r
m
a
t
io
n c
o
din
g
s
t
a
g
e
T
h
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
d
i
n
g
is
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
d
ata
to
a
m
o
r
e
ex
p
r
ess
iv
e
s
h
ap
e
f
o
r
au
d
io
d
ata.
T
h
e
au
d
io
s
i
g
n
a
l
i
s
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
ed
i
n
t
h
i
s
s
tag
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
ti
m
e
d
o
m
ai
n
to
t
h
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
d
o
m
ai
n
;
th
e
b
i
-
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
(
tap
9
/7
)
w
av
ele
t tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
a
n
d
d
is
cr
ete
co
s
in
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
(
DC
T
)
is
u
s
ed
to
ac
h
i
ev
e
th
i
s
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
2
.
2
.
1
.
Bi
-
o
rt
ho
g
o
na
l
(
t
a
p 9
/
7
)
w
a
v
elet
t
r
a
ns
f
o
r
m
I
t
is
a
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
b
i
-
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
w
a
v
elet
co
h
e
n
_
d
au
b
ec
h
ies_
f
ea
u
v
e
au
(
C
D
F).
I
t
h
o
ld
s
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
t
h
a
n
t
h
e
o
t
h
er
m
eth
o
d
s
a
n
d
a
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate
w
av
e
let
m
et
h
o
d
.
I
t
in
c
lu
d
es
f
o
r
lo
w
p
ass
f
il
ter
n
i
n
e
co
ef
f
icien
ts
wh
ile
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
p
ass
f
ilter
s
e
v
en
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
s
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
is
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
is
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
b
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
l
if
tin
g
s
tep
s
th
e
n
th
e
s
ca
li
n
g
s
tep
s
,
th
e
li
f
ti
n
g
s
ch
e
m
e
is
ac
co
m
p
li
s
h
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
a
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
o
f
p
h
ases
,
it
ca
n
b
e
d
ec
lar
ed
in
th
r
ee
p
h
a
s
es:
Sp
lit
p
h
ase,
p
r
ed
ict
p
h
ase,
an
d
u
p
d
ate
p
h
ase
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
b
i
-
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
is
s
u
cc
e
s
s
i
v
el
y
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
ed
th
e
o
r
i
g
i
n
al
s
i
g
n
al
in
to
lo
w
(
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
at
io
n
)
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
an
d
h
ig
h
-
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
Fo
r
h
i
g
h
-
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
co
e
f
f
icie
n
ts
,
n
o
a
n
al
y
s
is
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
an
y
f
u
r
t
h
er
.
T
h
e
ap
p
r
o
x
im
a
tio
n
s
ig
n
al
i
s
th
e
n
class
i
f
ied
in
to
n
e
w
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
a
tio
n
an
d
d
etailed
s
i
g
n
a
ls
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
b
i
-
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
(
9
/7
)
w
a
v
elet
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
iti
o
n
i
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
u
s
i
n
g
[
1
9
,
2
0
]
:
E
q
u
atio
n
s
(
2
)
-
(
5
)
f
o
r
"
lif
tin
g
"
p
h
ase:
2
+
1
=
2
+
1
+
(
2
+
2
+
2
)
(
2
)
2
=
2
+
(
2
−
1
+
2
+
1
)
(
3
)
2
+
1
=
2
+
1
+
(
2
+
2
+
2
)
(
4
)
2
=
2
+
1
+
(
2
−
1
+
2
+
1
)
(
5
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t 2
0
2
1
:
3
4
5
9
-
3469
3462
E
q
u
atio
n
s
(
6
)
,
(
7
)
f
o
r
"
s
ca
lin
g
"
p
h
ase:
2
=
(
1
)
2
(
6
)
2
+
1
=
−
2
+
1
(
7
)
T
h
e
co
ef
f
icie
n
t {
a,
b
,
c,
d
,
an
d
k
}
v
al
u
es a
r
e
s
h
o
w
ed
in
T
ab
l
e
1
:
T
ab
le
1
.
T
a
p
9
/7
c
o
ef
f
icie
n
ts
C
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
V
a
l
u
e
A
-
1
.
5
8
6
1
3
4
3
4
2
b
-
0
.
0
5
2
9
8
0
1
1
8
5
4
c
0
.
8
8
2
9
1
1
0
7
6
2
d
0
.
4
4
3
5
0
6
8
5
2
2
k
1
.
2
3
0
1
7
4
1
0
5
2.
2
.
2
.
Dis
cr
et
e
co
s
ine t
ra
ns
f
o
r
m
(
DC
T
)
Dis
cr
ete
co
s
in
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
,
f
ir
s
t
s
u
b
m
itted
b
y
[
1
8
]
in
1
9
7
4
,
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
v
er
y
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
in
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
.
DC
T
h
as
m
a
n
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
its
o
p
ti
m
al
ac
co
m
p
li
s
h
m
e
n
t,
it
ap
p
lied
i
n
th
e
s
i
g
n
a
l,
i
m
a
g
e
an
al
y
s
is
,
an
d
ap
p
lie
d
esp
ec
ial
l
y
i
n
s
p
ee
ch
co
m
p
r
e
s
s
io
n
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
i
ts
o
p
ti
m
al
ac
h
ie
v
e
m
en
t.
DC
T
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
s
an
in
p
u
t
s
i
g
n
a
l
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
ti
m
e
d
o
m
ai
n
to
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
d
o
m
ain
an
d
its
o
n
e
-
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
a
l
f
o
r
m
i
s
g
o
o
d
f
o
r
th
e
ex
a
m
in
at
io
n
o
f
o
n
e
-
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
al
s
ig
n
al
s
li
k
e
s
p
ee
ch
s
ig
n
al
s
[
2
1
,
2
2
]
.
DC
T
is
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
(
DC
)
an
d
(
AC
)
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
s
,
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
c
o
ef
f
icie
n
t
C
(
0
)
is
n
a
m
ed
t
h
e
DC
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
a
n
d
ca
r
r
ies
a
v
er
ag
e
s
i
g
n
a
l
v
al
u
e
an
d
th
e
r
est co
ef
f
icie
n
t
s
ar
e
in
d
icate
d
as th
e
A
C
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
s
[
2
3
]
.
(
)
=
(
)
∑
(
)
c
os
(
(
2
+
1
)
2
=
0
)
(
8
)
(
)
=
{
√
1
/
if
u
=
0
√
2
/
if
u
≠
0
(
9
)
w
h
e
r
e
u
=0
.
.
,
N
-
1
a
n
d
C
(
u
)
i
s
th
e
u
th
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
D
C
T
,
an
d
s
(
)
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
s
e
t
o
f
N
a
u
d
io
in
p
u
t
d
ata
v
alu
e
s
.
2
.
3
.
Q
ua
ntiz
a
t
io
n
Qu
a
n
tizatio
n
i
s
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
r
ep
r
e
s
en
tin
g
a
b
ig
s
et
o
f
v
alu
es
w
it
h
a
m
u
ch
s
m
aller
s
et
.
A
n
ea
s
y
q
u
an
tizat
io
n
s
c
h
e
m
e
w
o
u
ld
b
e
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
all
p
r
o
d
u
cts
o
f
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
w
it
h
t
h
e
i
n
teg
er
v
al
u
e
n
ea
r
est
to
it
[
2
4
]
.
Qu
a
n
tizatio
n
m
ap
s
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
-
v
al
u
ed
d
ata
to
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
d
is
cr
ete
-
v
alu
ed
d
ata.
T
h
e
m
a
in
g
o
al
o
f
th
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
s
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
d
ata
lo
ca
ted
in
th
r
es
h
o
ld
co
ef
f
icie
n
ts
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
t
h
i
s
p
r
o
ce
s
s
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
s
u
r
e
th
at
it
m
ak
e
s
t
h
e
s
m
allest a
m
o
u
n
t o
f
er
r
o
r
s
[
2
5
]
.
2
.
4
.
E
ntr
o
py
enc
o
der
I
t
is
a
s
h
ap
e
o
f
th
e
lo
s
s
le
s
s
c
o
m
p
r
es
s
io
n
a
n
d
it
is
r
el
y
in
g
o
n
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
-
th
eo
r
etic
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
.
So
m
e
en
tr
o
p
y
en
co
d
i
n
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
ar
e
Hu
f
f
m
an
co
d
in
g
,
A
r
it
h
m
e
tic
co
d
in
g
,
L
Z
W
,
a
n
d
R
L
E
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
e
E
n
tr
o
p
y
e
n
co
d
er
tech
n
iq
u
es
u
s
ed
in
th
is
ar
ticle
ar
e
r
u
n
-
le
n
g
t
h
en
co
d
in
g
an
d
L
Z
W
.
2
.
4
.
1
.
Run
-
leng
t
h
R
u
n
-
len
g
t
h
e
n
co
d
in
g
is
t
h
e
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1
3
]
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
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p
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g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
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s
t 2
0
2
1
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3
4
5
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-
3469
3464
a.
Fo
r
DC
co
ef
f
icien
t
:
(
0
)
=
(
(
0
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0
)
(
1
3
a)
w
h
er
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C
(
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)
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th
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D
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f
ici
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q
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th
e
q
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a
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tized
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co
ef
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icie
n
t,
Q0
f
o
r
th
e
D
C
co
ef
f
icien
t.
b.
Fo
r
A
C
C
o
ef
f
icie
n
t:
(
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=
(
(
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1
(
1
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−
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)
(
1
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b
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wh
er
e,
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o
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b
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is
th
e
p
r
o
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r
ess
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ate
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ar
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h
e
w
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icie
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tak
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e
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o
t
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tatic
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ea
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n
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t
l
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w
it
h
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ch
s
u
b
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b
a
n
d
co
ef
f
icie
n
t.
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h
ese
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al
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ar
e
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lcu
lated
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g
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e
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o
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C
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icie
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2
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Npass
,
L
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.
0
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)
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(
1
4
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)
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(
1
4
b
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w
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er
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e
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e
p
r
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s
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izatio
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izatio
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ic
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s
.
s
td
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t
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e
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ev
iatio
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o
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th
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w
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ef
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icie
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ts
.
s
td
new
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t
h
e
n
e
w
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
i
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
w
a
v
elet
-
DC
T
co
ef
f
icie
n
ts
.
th
r
is
a
p
r
ed
ef
in
ed
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
v
alu
e.
T
h
e
o
u
tco
m
es
o
f
t
h
e
q
u
a
n
tiza
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u
s
t
b
e
r
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u
n
d
ed
to
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e
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lo
s
e
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te
g
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.
L
o
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g
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n
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o
f
ze
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y
m
b
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ate
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e
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ce
s
o
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m
a
ll
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teg
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T
h
e
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o
lu
tio
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to
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h
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ap
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ly
R
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th
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o
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b
o
l
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,
it
d
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r
ea
s
es
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
s
ize
o
f
r
ep
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ec
u
ti
v
e
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al
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es
o
f
q
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f
icien
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.
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w
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d
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ar
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e
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ir
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t
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ir
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g
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o
r
ze
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d
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o
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-
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r
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v
al
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es
,
th
is
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lled
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u
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r
ec
o
r
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h
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ec
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n
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o
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u
r
e
2
illu
s
tr
ates t
h
e
r
u
n
-
len
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en
co
d
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E
x
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ata:
Fig
u
r
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2
.
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x
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o
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h
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ed
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t
h
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p
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m
ap
p
in
g
[
3
2
]
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
A
u
d
io
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
u
s
in
g
tr
a
n
s
fo
r
ms a
n
d
h
ig
h
o
r
d
er e
n
tr
o
p
y
en
co
d
in
g
(
Za
in
a
b
J.
A
h
med
)
3465
m
o
ut
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i
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=
{
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(
i
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(
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3
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2
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o
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a
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t
is
ap
p
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to
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o
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s
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r
ev
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to
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h
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in
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it
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tag
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ar
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i)
L
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ii)
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ap
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.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S
AND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
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f
ec
ti
v
e
n
ess
o
f
au
d
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co
m
p
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s
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n
w
as
e
v
al
u
ated
u
s
in
g
s
i
x
d
if
f
er
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n
t
test
ed
a
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m
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s
ch
e
m
e.
I
n
th
i
s
s
et
o
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te
s
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t
h
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m
etr
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s
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f
o
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m
in
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ti
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e
co
m
p
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io
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(
C
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)
an
d
p
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k
s
ig
n
al
to
n
o
is
e
r
atio
(
P
SNR
)
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
w
a
v
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m
p
atter
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o
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th
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a
u
d
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test
s
a
m
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s
.
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
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o
f
th
e
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s
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s
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x
au
d
io
f
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s
.
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th
e
s
e
s
a
m
p
les
ar
e
w
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f
ile
f
o
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m
at
(
w
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th
t
h
e
m
o
n
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ch
an
n
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a
n
d
P
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M
d
ata
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o
r
m
at.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
(
e)
(
f
)
Fig
ur
e
3
.
T
h
e
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
t
h
e
test
ed
w
a
v
e
f
iles
,
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a)
test
(
1
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au
d
io
s
ig
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(
b
)
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c)
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d
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4
)
au
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a
n
d
(
e)
test
(
6
)
au
d
io
s
ig
n
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T
ab
le
2
.
T
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
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mal
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t 2
0
2
1
:
3
4
5
9
-
3469
3466
T
h
e
ef
f
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ts
o
f
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o
l
s
y
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te
m
p
ar
a
m
e
te
r
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
test
ed
,
th
e
y
ar
e;
i)
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
w
a
v
ele
t
s
p
ass
es
(
N
pa
ss
)
,
ii)
q
u
an
t
izatio
n
s
tep
s
Q
0
a
n
d
Q
1
,
iii)
alp
h
a
m
u
ltip
lica
tio
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
(
)
,
iv
)
s
a
m
p
l
in
g
r
ate,
v
)
s
a
m
p
li
n
g
r
eso
lu
t
io
n
,
an
d
v
i
)
b
lo
ck
s
ize
(
B
S),
th
e
v
ii)
th
r
e
s
h
o
ld
v
al
u
e
(
T
h
r
)
.
T
h
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an
g
e
v
alu
e
s
o
f
t
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test
ed
co
n
tr
o
l
p
ar
a
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ter
s
ar
e
il
lu
s
t
r
ated
in
T
ab
le
3
.
H
ig
h
co
m
p
r
e
s
s
io
n
g
ain
is
th
e
m
a
in
co
n
ce
r
n
i
n
a
u
d
io
co
m
p
r
es
s
io
n
,
w
h
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le
t
h
e
m
ai
n
g
o
al
o
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t
h
is
w
o
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k
i
s
attai
n
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g
o
o
d
co
m
p
r
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io
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
w
it
h
a
h
i
g
h
-
f
id
elit
y
lev
el.
T
ab
le
4
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
s
et
o
f
d
ef
a
u
lt
v
al
u
es
f
o
r
c
o
n
tr
o
l
p
ar
am
eter
s
;
t
h
e
y
w
er
e
ad
o
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ted
t
o
test
th
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f
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s
s
o
f
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s
y
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te
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ar
a
m
eter
.
T
ab
le
3
.
T
h
e
r
an
g
e
v
al
u
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
tr
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l p
ar
a
m
eter
s
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
R
a
n
g
e
N
pa
s
s
[
2
,
7
]
Q
0
[
0
.
0
1
,
0
.
0
5
]
Q
1
[
0
.
0
6
,
0
.
1
5
]
[
0
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0
1
,
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0
5
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S
a
mp
l
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t
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r
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T
ab
le
4
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h
e
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lt v
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es
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th
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n
tr
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l p
ar
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e
ter
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h
t
h
e
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est P
SNR
a
n
d
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u
d
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l
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t
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n
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p
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d
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0
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k
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z
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1
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4
2
3
1
5
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3
0
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0
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0
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1
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4
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e
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6
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6
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d
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p
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t
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e
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l
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t
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d
s
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m
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t
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4
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z
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st
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3
9
.
1
4
8
1
0
.
9
0
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2
0
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0
5
0
.
0
7
0
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0
2
1
2
0
1
.
4
T
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st
(
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4
0
.
8
1
4
1
4
.
9
1
8
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st
(
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3
6
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0
2
5
9
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9
1
9
9
T
h
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p
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m
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(
N
pass
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o
n
P
SN
R
an
d
C
R
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
4
,
th
e
r
es
u
lts
s
h
o
w
t
h
at
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
N
Pass
ca
u
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e
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h
ig
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io
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atio
w
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ile
m
ak
e
s
a
d
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r
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s
e
in
P
SNR
v
al
u
e.
T
ab
le
5
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
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f
ch
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n
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i
n
g
t
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s
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m
p
le
r
ate
o
n
C
R
an
d
P
SNR
w
it
h
th
e
s
a
m
e
d
ef
a
u
lt
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n
tr
o
l
p
ar
am
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ter
s
;
al
s
o
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
w
s
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e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
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ch
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n
g
in
g
th
e
s
a
m
p
le
r
ate
o
n
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lt
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
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o
w
th
a
t t
h
e
s
a
m
p
le
r
ate
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f
4
4
1
0
0
k
Hz
g
iv
e
s
b
etter
r
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lt
s
in
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R
an
d
f
id
elit
y
.
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h
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
s
a
m
p
li
n
g
r
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tio
n
o
n
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
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m
b
i
n
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an
s
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o
r
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ased
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r
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s
io
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e
s
h
o
w
s
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
th
at
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
if
ica
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t i
m
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t o
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p
lin
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d
m
o
r
e
e
x
c
elle
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t
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es
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io
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r
es
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e
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1
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it
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p
li
n
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e
s
o
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tio
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I
n
th
is
s
et
o
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te
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ts
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a
co
n
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er
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n
p
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s
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r
o
m
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(
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ep
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tatio
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a
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tio
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er
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io
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h
is
co
n
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m
p
le
m
e
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ted
u
s
i
n
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d
y
n
a
m
ic
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in
k
lib
r
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lled
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b
elo
n
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T
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Q
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th
r
esh
o
ld
(
th
r
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,
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d
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lo
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ize
(
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o
n
P
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a
n
d
C
R
ar
e
s
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i
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g
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r
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7
(
s
ee
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n
A
p
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n
d
ix
)
,
it
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e
v
id
e
n
t
t
h
at
t
h
e
in
cr
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s
e
o
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t
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ese
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
s
lead
s
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in
cr
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e
t
h
e
attai
n
ted
co
m
p
r
es
s
io
n
r
atio
(
C
R
)
w
h
i
le
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
t
h
e
f
id
elit
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el
(
u
n
d
er
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
it is
p
r
eser
v
ed
to
b
e
ab
o
v
e
th
e
ac
ce
p
tab
le
lev
el)
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
t o
f
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
w
av
elet
s
p
ass
e
s
N
pass
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
A
u
d
io
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
u
s
in
g
tr
a
n
s
fo
r
ms a
n
d
h
ig
h
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r
d
er e
n
tr
o
p
y
en
co
d
in
g
(
Za
in
a
b
J.
A
h
med
)
3467
T
ab
le
5
.
T
h
e
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f
ec
t o
f
c
h
an
g
e
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m
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ate
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R
an
d
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SNR
w
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h
t
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s
a
m
e
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l p
ar
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m
et
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test
3
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a
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P
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s
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0
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r
1
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3
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2
2
4
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
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h
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m
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r
ate
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n
t
h
e
r
elatio
n
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w
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n
P
SNR
an
d
C
R
Fig
u
r
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6
.
T
h
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f
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t o
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li
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r
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u
tio
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o
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e
r
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b
et
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n
P
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a
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d
C
R
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
,
co
m
p
r
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i
v
e
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d
io
b
ased
o
n
b
i
-
o
r
th
o
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o
n
al
(
tab
9
/7
)
,
DC
T
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
,
an
d
L
Z
W
co
d
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
h
ad
b
ee
n
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r
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ted
.
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h
e
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m
p
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v
e
a
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ce
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d
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n
d
u
cted
test
r
es
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in
d
icate
d
th
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th
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o
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te
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f
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Fig
u
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es
4
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5
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6
,
an
d
7
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
s
ti
m
u
lated
r
e
m
ar
k
s
ar
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
:
i)
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
m
p
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y
s
te
m
u
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th
e
L
Z
W
tech
n
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e
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o
w
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tab
le
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co
m
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s
r
atio
w
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ile
p
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es
er
v
in
g
t
h
e
au
d
io
q
u
al
it
y
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
4
,
ii)
T
h
e
ch
an
g
i
n
g
s
a
m
p
le
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a
v
e
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R
an
d
f
id
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y
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
5
an
d
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
;
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
le
r
ate
4
4
1
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k
Hz
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as
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e
s
u
lt
s
in
b
o
th
co
m
p
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es
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io
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n
d
f
id
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,
iii)
T
h
e
in
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ea
s
e
o
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q
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an
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s
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s
lead
s
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in
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e
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e
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in
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n
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ile
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e
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e
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as
s
h
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in
Fig
u
r
e
7
in
te
s
t
r
e
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l
ts
,
iv
)
R
L
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