I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l a
nd
Co
m
p
ute
r
E
ng
in
ee
ring
(
I
J
E
CE
)
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
201
7
,
p
p
.
1103
~
1
1
1
1
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
ec
e
.
v
7
i
3
.
p
p
1
1
0
3
-
1111
1103
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ia
e
s
jo
u
r
n
a
l.c
o
m/o
n
lin
e/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/I
JE
C
E
Applica
tion o
f
P
S
T So
urce
b
a
sed
D
C Lin
k
Restora
ti
o
n f
o
r
IDVR
Ra
m
c
ha
nd
ra
Nit
t
a
la
1
,
Aliv
elu M
.
P
a
ri
m
i
2
,
K
.
U
m
a
Ra
o
3
1,
2
De
p
a
rtem
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
BIT
S
P
il
a
n
i
Hy
d
e
ra
b
a
d
Ca
m
p
u
s,
In
d
ia
3
De
p
a
rte
m
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
R
V Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
In
d
ia
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
J
u
l 1
5
,
2
0
1
6
R
ev
i
s
ed
Mar
1
3
,
2
0
1
7
A
cc
ep
ted
Ma
r
2
7
,
2
0
1
7
In
terlin
e
Dy
n
a
m
ic
V
o
lt
a
g
e
Re
sto
re
r
(IDV
R)
c
o
m
p
rise
s
o
f
s
e
v
e
r
a
l
D
y
n
a
m
ic
V
o
l
tag
e
Re
sto
re
rs
(DV
Rs)
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
to
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
t
d
istri
b
u
ti
o
n
f
e
e
d
e
rs
in
th
e
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
sh
a
rin
g
c
o
m
m
o
n
e
n
e
rg
y
sto
ra
g
e
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
DV
R
p
ro
v
id
e
s
f
o
r
v
o
lt
a
g
e
sa
g
c
o
m
p
e
n
sa
ti
o
n
a
p
p
e
a
rin
g
in
th
a
t
f
e
e
d
e
r,
w
h
il
e
th
e
o
th
e
r
DV
Rs
re
sto
re
th
e
e
n
e
rg
y
in
th
e
c
o
m
m
o
n
d
c
-
li
n
k
th
u
s
d
y
n
a
m
ica
ll
y
m
a
in
tain
in
g
th
e
v
o
lt
a
g
e
o
f
DC
li
n
k
c
a
p
a
c
it
o
r
c
o
n
sta
n
t
b
y
i
m
p
o
rti
n
g
p
o
w
e
r
f
ro
m
th
e
o
th
e
r
f
e
e
d
e
rs.
Re
sto
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
DC
l
in
k
e
n
e
rg
y
p
la
y
s
a
n
im
p
o
rtan
t
ro
le
in
t
h
e
c
a
p
a
b
il
it
y
o
f
th
e
in
d
iv
id
u
a
l
DV
R
in
t
h
e
IDV
R
t
o
m
it
ig
a
te d
e
e
p
sa
g
s
w
it
h
lo
n
g
d
u
ra
ti
o
n
s.
I
n
t
h
is
p
a
p
e
r
t
h
e
re
sto
r
a
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
DC
li
n
k
e
n
e
rg
y
o
f
th
e
IDV
R
is
a
c
h
iev
e
d
b
y
th
e
u
ti
li
z
in
g
th
e
p
h
a
se
sh
if
ti
n
g
tran
s
f
o
r
m
e
rs
(P
S
T
)
wh
ich
a
ss
ist
th
e
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
DV
R
d
u
ri
n
g
it
s
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
n
tro
l
m
o
d
e
.
A
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
d
sw
it
c
h
in
g
a
c
ti
o
n
is
p
ro
v
id
e
d
t
o
c
h
o
o
se
th
e
a
p
p
r
o
p
riate
c
o
n
n
e
c
ti
o
n
o
f
P
S
T
to
th
e
f
e
e
d
e
rs
d
e
p
e
n
d
in
g
u
p
o
n
t
h
e
v
o
lt
a
g
e
s
a
g
c
o
n
d
it
i
o
n
.
T
h
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
n
o
v
e
l
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
is
e
x
a
m
in
e
d
in
a
tes
t
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
st
e
m
w
it
h
IDV
R.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
:
I
n
ter
lin
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
v
o
ltag
e
r
eso
r
ter
(
I
DVR)
P
h
ase
s
h
if
t
in
g
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
P
o
w
er
q
u
ali
t
y
Vo
ltag
e
s
a
g
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
2
0
1
7
In
stit
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts
re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
R
a
m
c
h
a
n
d
r
a
Nittala,
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
B
I
T
S P
ilan
i H
y
d
er
ab
ad
C
a
m
p
u
s
,
J
a
w
ah
ar
Na
g
ar
,
Sh
a
m
m
er
p
et,
H
y
d
er
ab
ad
,
T
elan
g
an
a,
I
n
d
ia.
E
m
ail
:
n
ittala1
9
8
8
@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
s
en
s
iti
v
e
lo
ad
s
is
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
n
t
h
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
p
o
w
er
d
eli
v
er
ed
to
it
an
d
q
u
an
ti
f
ied
in
ter
m
s
o
f
its
e
f
f
ic
ien
c
y
,
s
ec
u
r
it
y
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
lo
ad
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
s
a
m
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
li
n
e.
T
h
e
lo
ad
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
o
n
th
e
s
a
m
e
e
n
d
ar
e
d
iv
er
s
i
f
ied
f
r
o
m
el
ec
tr
o
n
icall
y
co
n
tr
o
lled
lo
ad
s
t
o
h
ea
v
y
m
ac
h
in
er
y
.
T
h
ese
ca
u
s
e
m
i
n
o
r
to
m
aj
o
r
p
o
w
er
q
u
alit
y
i
s
s
u
es
o
n
t
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
th
e
elec
tr
o
n
ic
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
lo
ad
s
ar
e
m
o
r
e
af
f
ec
ted
w
it
h
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
q
u
al
it
y
p
r
o
b
lem
s
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
m
aj
o
r
p
o
w
er
q
u
alit
y
p
r
o
b
le
m
co
n
s
id
er
ed
is
v
o
ltag
e
s
a
g
wh
ich
e
v
en
tu
al
l
y
ca
u
s
e
d
is
r
u
p
tio
n
in
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
lo
ad
,
r
aise
in
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e,
a
n
d
d
a
m
a
g
e
to
e
q
u
ip
m
e
n
t
etc.
T
h
e
y
ar
e
m
a
n
y
m
et
h
o
d
s
ex
i
s
t
to
m
iti
g
ate
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
a
g
[
2
]
,
b
u
t
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
t
h
eir
li
m
it
s
li
k
e
li
m
ited
v
o
ltag
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
an
d
c
r
ea
tin
g
ad
d
itio
n
al
lo
s
s
e
s
t
h
e
y
ar
e
s
u
b
s
tit
u
ted
w
it
h
cu
s
to
m
p
o
w
er
d
ev
ices.
T
h
e
c
u
s
to
m
er
p
o
w
er
d
ev
ice
s
ca
n
a
l
s
o
b
e
ca
lled
as
Flex
ib
le
A
C
T
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
S
y
s
te
m
(
FAC
T
S)
[
3
]
.
FA
C
T
S
d
ev
ices
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
as
w
ell
as
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
id
e.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
F
A
C
T
S
d
ev
ices
co
n
n
ec
ted
at
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
s
id
e,
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
v
o
lta
g
e
r
esto
r
er
(
DVR)
d
ev
ice
[4
-
6]
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
v
o
lta
g
e
-
s
a
g
a
n
d
h
ar
m
o
n
i
cs
m
iti
g
atio
n
.
DV
R
i
n
j
ec
ts
s
er
ies
v
o
ltag
e
i
n
to
t
h
e
i
n
co
m
i
n
g
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
e
in
j
ec
tio
n
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
i
m
p
lie
s
s
u
p
p
ly
i
n
g
r
ea
l p
o
w
er
i
n
to
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
An
e
x
ter
n
a
l e
n
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
p
r
o
v
id
es th
e
r
ea
l
p
o
w
er
v
ia
DC
li
n
k
.
T
h
e
ex
ter
n
al
s
o
u
r
ce
m
a
y
b
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
b
an
k
,
b
atter
y
,
an
y
DC
s
o
u
r
ce
.
T
h
u
s
,
w
i
th
d
ee
p
er
o
r
lo
n
g
er
v
o
lta
g
e
s
a
g
s
,
m
o
r
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
en
er
g
y
i
s
r
eq
u
ir
ed
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
w
h
e
n
th
er
e
is
lo
n
g
o
r
d
ee
p
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
s
,
DVR
r
eq
u
ir
es
lar
g
e
e
x
ter
n
al
e
n
er
g
y
.
T
h
is
is
a
m
ain
p
r
o
b
lem
f
o
r
DV
R
b
ec
au
s
e
h
u
g
e
ex
ter
n
al
e
n
er
g
y
i
n
v
o
lv
e
s
m
o
r
e
i
n
v
e
s
t
m
en
t
co
s
t.
T
h
is
l
i
m
itat
io
n
ca
n
b
e
o
v
er
co
m
e
with
I
n
ter
li
n
e
D
y
n
a
m
ic
Vo
lta
g
e
R
es
to
r
er
(
I
DVR).
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
7
:
1
1
0
3
–
1
1
1
1
1104
T
h
e
I
DVR
s
y
s
te
m
co
m
p
r
is
e
s
o
f
s
e
v
er
al
DVR
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
f
ee
d
er
s
w
it
h
a
co
m
m
o
n
D
C
li
n
k
.
I
DVR
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
m
u
lt
ip
le
f
ee
d
e
r
v
o
ltag
e
s
a
g
m
iti
g
atio
n
w
h
ile
r
esto
r
in
g
t
h
e
en
er
g
y
at
t
h
e
D
C
lin
k
[
7
]
.
L
iter
at
u
r
e
o
n
I
DV
R
p
r
ese
n
ts
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
m
et
h
o
d
s
f
o
r
r
esto
r
in
g
t
h
e
D
C
e
n
er
g
y
.
Ma
h
in
d
a
et.
al
[
7
]
h
av
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
a
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
w
h
ich
s
h
i
f
ts
t
h
e
an
g
le
o
f
th
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
DVR
v
o
ltag
es
s
o
th
at
th
e
DC
lin
k
en
er
g
y
i
s
r
esto
r
ed
w
it
h
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
r
ea
l
p
o
w
er
i
n
t
h
e
f
ee
d
e
r
.
T
h
ey
h
a
v
e
al
s
o
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
m
u
lti
lo
o
p
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
s
f
o
r
s
h
i
f
ti
n
g
p
h
ase
a
n
g
le
o
f
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
r
e
f
er
en
ce
s
ig
n
a
l v
o
ltag
e
s
[
8
]
.
A
h
m
ed
et.
al
[
9
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
v
ir
tu
al
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
to
co
m
p
e
n
s
ate
th
e
en
er
g
y
o
f
DC
li
n
k
.
T
h
e
a
u
t
h
o
r
s
also
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
I
DVR
m
o
d
el
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
is
p
lace
m
e
n
t
f
ac
to
r
b
y
t
h
e
ex
ch
an
g
e
o
f
r
ea
l
a
n
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
f
ee
d
er
s
a
n
d
I
DVR
[
1
0
]
.
C
ar
l
et.
al
[1
1]
d
esig
n
ed
a
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
p
h
a
s
e
s
h
i
f
t
o
f
D
VR
v
o
ltag
e
s
.
T
h
er
eb
y
th
e
r
ea
l
p
o
w
er
in
th
e
f
ee
d
er
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
.
T
h
is
i
n
cr
e
m
en
t
i
n
r
ea
l
p
o
w
er
i
s
f
ed
to
th
e
D
C
li
n
k
.
P
.
Ush
a
R
a
n
i
h
a
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
Sp
ac
e
v
ec
to
r
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
I
DVR
to
m
it
ig
a
te
v
o
lta
g
e
s
ag
[
1
2
]
.
P
Vasu
d
ev
an
ai
d
u
et.
al
[
1
3
]
h
av
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
m
eth
o
d
o
f
o
p
ti
m
al
p
h
ase
a
n
g
le
j
u
m
p
co
m
p
u
ted
b
y
p
ar
ticle
s
w
ar
m
o
p
ti
m
izat
io
n
m
eth
o
d
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
V
A
r
ati
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
I
DV
R
.
Ma
s
o
u
d
Sh
a
h
ab
ad
in
i
et.
al
h
av
e
d
esi
g
n
ed
ca
s
ca
d
ed
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
i
n
v
er
ter
w
h
ic
h
r
ed
u
ce
s
lo
ad
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
u
n
d
er
s
ag
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
t
h
at
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
ca
p
ac
it
y
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
[
1
4
]
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
li
ter
atu
r
e,
t
h
e
m
ai
n
r
esear
ch
o
n
I
DVR
is
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
t
h
e
r
esto
r
atio
n
o
f
it
s
D
C
li
n
k
e
n
e
r
g
y
.
I
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
it
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
u
tili
ze
a
P
h
ase
Sh
i
f
ti
n
g
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
(
P
ST
)
to
r
ep
len
is
h
t
h
e
en
er
g
y
a
t
th
e
DC
li
n
k
i
n
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
t
w
o
DVR
‟
s
o
f
I
DVR.
A
s
,
th
e
P
ST
ca
n
b
e
co
n
n
ec
t
ed
to
o
n
l
y
a
h
ea
lt
h
y
f
ee
d
er
,
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
a
g
co
n
d
itio
n
t
h
e
s
u
itab
le
f
ee
d
er
to
w
h
ic
h
t
h
e
P
ST
is
to
b
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
f
o
r
t
h
e
r
esto
r
atio
n
o
f
D
C
li
n
k
en
er
g
y
is
s
elec
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
a
lg
o
r
it
h
m
.
I
f
t
h
e
D
C
li
n
k
en
er
g
y
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
r
esto
r
ed
f
r
o
m
P
ST
,
th
e
en
er
g
y
to
I
DVR
f
o
r
v
o
ltag
e
s
a
g
m
iti
g
atio
n
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
s
u
p
p
lied
f
r
o
m
th
e
D
C
lin
k
its
el
f
.
Fo
r
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
th
e
DC
lin
k
h
a
s
to
b
e
in
itial
l
y
ch
ar
g
ed
to
s
o
m
e
v
o
lta
g
e.
Hen
ce
,
if
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
f
o
r
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
m
iti
g
atio
n
i
s
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
P
ST
,
th
e
DC
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e
w
ill
r
e
m
ai
n
co
n
s
tan
t.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
s
ec
tio
n
s
i
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
ar
e
r
elate
d
to
th
e
th
eo
r
y
o
f
I
D
VR
,
co
n
tr
o
l s
y
s
te
m
o
f
I
DVR,
P
h
as
e
Sh
i
f
ti
n
g
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
,
an
d
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lt
s
.
2.
I
NT
E
R
L
I
N
E
DYNA
M
I
C
V
O
L
T
A
G
E
RE
ST
O
R
E
R
A
t
w
o
f
ee
d
er
I
DVR i
s
ill
u
s
tr
at
ed
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
w
h
er
e
t
w
o
DV
R
s
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
t
w
o
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
ee
d
er
s
s
h
ar
i
n
g
a
co
m
m
o
n
D
C
li
n
k
.
T
w
o
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
v
o
lta
g
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
V
s1
an
d
V
s2
ar
e
f
ed
to
t
w
o
f
ee
d
er
s
.
Z
L1
a
n
d
Z
L2
ar
e
th
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
s
er
ies
to
V
s1
an
d
V
s2
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
V
b1
a
n
d
V
b2
ar
e
th
e
b
u
s
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
f
th
e
t
wo
b
u
s
es.
T
h
e
s
e
n
s
it
iv
e
lo
ad
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
f
ee
d
er
1
an
d
f
ee
d
er
2
ar
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as L
o
ad
1
an
d
L
o
ad
2
.
T
h
e
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
t
w
o
f
ee
d
er
s
ar
e
ass
u
m
ed
to
b
e
V
l1
a
n
d
V
l2
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
I
DVR
is
co
n
n
ec
te
d
to
th
e
t
w
o
f
ee
d
er
s
n
ea
r
th
e
lo
ad
s
w
it
h
th
e
aid
o
f
s
er
ies
in
j
ec
tio
n
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
b
u
ild
in
g
b
lo
ck
s
o
f
t
w
o
DVRs
o
f
I
DVR
ar
e
v
o
lta
g
e
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
er
ter
s
(
VSI
)
.
T
h
e
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
t
h
e
t
w
o
f
ee
d
er
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
h
er
e
is
a
3
p
h
ase
n
et
w
o
r
k
w
h
ic
h
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
3
s
in
g
le
p
h
a
s
e
lo
ad
s
o
n
ea
ch
f
ee
d
er
.
Vo
ltag
e
s
a
g
m
iti
g
ati
n
g
i
n
o
n
e
f
ee
d
er
in
v
o
l
v
es
tr
a
n
s
f
er
o
f
r
ea
l
p
o
w
er
in
to
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
b
y
I
D
VR
.
T
h
is
r
ea
l
p
o
w
er
is
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
f
ee
d
er
(
h
ea
lt
h
y
f
ee
d
er
)
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
D
C
li
n
k
.
He
n
ce
it
is
v
er
y
es
s
en
tial
to
e
x
a
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
r
ea
l
p
o
w
er
w
h
en
I
DVR
is
m
iti
g
ati
n
g
v
o
ltag
e
s
a
g
.
T
h
is
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
e
n
er
g
y
o
f
D
C
li
n
k
w
h
o
s
e
v
o
lta
g
e
i
s
m
ai
n
tai
n
ed
co
n
s
tan
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
m
iti
g
atio
n
o
f
s
ag
to
in
d
icate
th
e
e
x
c
h
an
g
e
o
f
p
o
w
er
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
t
w
o
f
e
ed
er
s
.
I
n
th
e
ev
e
n
t
w
h
e
n
h
ea
lt
h
y
f
ee
d
er
is
u
n
ab
le
to
s
u
p
p
ly
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
p
o
w
er
,
to
co
m
p
en
s
a
te
th
e
s
a
g
,
en
er
g
y
is
d
r
a
w
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
DC
li
n
k
.
He
n
ce
th
e
DC
li
n
k
i
s
ch
ar
g
ed
i
n
itiall
y
b
ef
o
r
e
t
h
e
I
DVR
is
p
lace
d
in
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
I
n
th
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ical
p
o
in
t
o
f
v
ie
w
t
h
e
i
n
it
ial
c
h
ar
g
e
o
f
D
C
li
n
k
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ca
lc
u
l
ated
.
B
y
a
n
al
y
zi
n
g
th
e
r
ea
l
p
o
w
er
u
s
i
n
g
E
n
er
g
y
Sav
i
n
g
I
n
j
ec
tio
n
m
e
th
o
d
[
6
]
,
th
e
en
er
g
y
to
w
h
ic
h
D
C
li
n
k
en
er
g
y
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ch
ar
g
e
d
in
itia
ll
y
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
.
U
s
in
g
en
er
g
y
s
a
v
i
n
g
i
n
j
ec
tio
n
m
eth
o
d
t
h
e
s
a
g
f
a
cto
r
ca
n
b
e
co
m
p
u
ted
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
o
f
th
e
lo
ad
an
d
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
an
g
le.
T
h
is
s
ag
f
ac
to
r
is
u
tili
ze
d
to
co
m
p
u
te
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
to
w
h
ich
th
e
DC
l
in
k
ca
p
ac
ito
r
h
as to
b
e
ch
ar
g
ed
.
T
h
e
r
ea
l o
r
ac
t
iv
e
p
o
w
er
ess
e
n
tial f
o
r
th
e
DV
R
v
o
lta
g
e
s
a
g
m
iti
g
atio
n
is
[
7
]
:.
]
3
1
[
1
Z
Pf
l
S
D
V
R
P
(
1
)
w
h
er
e,
2
2
Y
X
Z
,
3
1
c
o
s
j
j
j
a
X
3
1
s
i
n
j
j
j
a
Y
X
Y
1
t
a
n
.
T
h
e
f
ac
to
r
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
s
a
g
i
s
lj
bj
j
V
V
a
.
δ
j
is
th
e
a
n
g
u
lar
p
h
ase
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
b
etw
ee
n
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
s
o
u
r
ce
v
o
lta
g
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
A
p
p
lica
tio
n
o
f P
S
T S
o
u
r
ce
b
a
s
ed
DC
Lin
k
R
esto
r
a
tio
n
fo
r
I
DV
R
(
R
a
mch
a
n
d
r
a
N
itta
l
)
1105
a
Z
3
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
f
o
r
a
th
r
ee
p
h
a
s
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
,
„
a
‟
is
ter
m
ed
as
s
a
g
f
ac
to
r
.
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
an
g
le
f
o
r
a
g
iv
e
n
is
]
]
]
[
[
[
2
2
1
1
2
Pf
S
P
a
Pf
S
l
lo
s
s
e
s
l
(
2
)
T
h
e
s
ag
f
ac
to
r
ca
n
b
e
w
r
itte
n
as:
]
)
1
(
[
1
2
2
1
1
l
l
l
o
s
s
e
s
l
S
Pf
S
P
Pf
S
a
(
3
)
Fo
r
eq
u
al
lo
ad
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
th
e
lo
s
s
es a
r
e
tak
e
n
as 3
%.
T
h
en
„
a‟
i
s
g
i
v
e
n
as
]
97
.
0
2
[
1
Pf
a
(
4
)
Fro
m
(
4
)
,
th
e
s
ag
f
ac
to
r
„
a
‟
is
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
d
b
y
t
h
e
lo
ad
1
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
f
ee
d
er
1
.
I
f
th
e
lo
ad
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
is
g
i
v
en
th
en
t
h
e
s
a
g
f
ac
to
r
ca
n
b
e
e
s
ti
m
ated
.
T
h
e
s
a
g
f
ac
to
r
i
n
d
icate
s
t
h
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
s
ag
th
at
ca
n
o
cc
u
r
i
n
t
h
e
f
ee
d
er
,
f
r
o
m
w
h
ich
t
h
e
co
m
p
e
n
s
at
ed
v
o
ltag
e
ca
n
b
e
d
eter
m
in
e
d
.
A
co
n
tr
o
ller
i
s
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
f
o
r
m
ain
t
ain
t
h
e
lo
a
d
v
o
ltag
e.
I
n
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
s
ec
tio
n
co
n
tr
o
l s
y
s
te
m
o
f
I
DV
R
s
y
s
te
m
is
d
i
s
cu
s
s
ed
Fig
u
r
e
1.
Sch
e
m
atic
la
y
o
u
t o
f
I
n
ter
lin
e
D
y
n
a
m
ic
Vo
ltag
e
R
e
s
to
r
er
3.
CO
NT
RO
L
SYS
T
E
M
O
F
I
DVR
F
O
R
VO
L
T
AG
E
SA
G
M
I
T
I
G
A
T
I
O
N
T
h
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
alit
y
o
f
I
DV
R
is
to
eli
m
i
n
ate
v
o
lta
g
e
s
ag
in
a
s
y
s
te
m
.
W
h
en
e
v
er
t
h
er
e
is
a
v
o
ltag
e
s
a
g
,
th
e
I
DVR
d
etec
ts
t
h
e
d
ev
iati
o
n
in
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
an
d
in
j
ec
ts
th
e
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
v
o
lta
g
e
in
to
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
t
h
er
eb
y
m
ai
n
tai
n
in
g
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
s
ta
n
t
at
all
co
n
d
it
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
I
DVR
p
lay
s
an
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le
in
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
t
h
e
in
j
ec
te
d
v
o
ltag
e
f
r
o
m
I
DV
R
.
T
h
e
s
c
h
e
m
a
tic
la
y
o
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
I
DVR
is
g
iv
e
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
s
c
h
e
m
atic
la
y
o
u
t
r
ep
r
esen
ted
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
,
t
h
e
r
e
f
er
en
ce
v
o
lta
g
e
V
re
f(abc)
i
s
co
n
v
er
ted
to
V
ref(dq)
ax
is
u
s
i
n
g
p
ar
k
s
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
g
iv
e
n
b
y
.
r
e
f
c
r
e
f
b
r
e
f
a
r
e
f
O
r
e
f
q
r
e
f
d
V
V
V
V
V
V
2
1
2
1
2
1
)
3
2
s
i
n
(
)
3
2
s
i
n
(
s
i
n
)
3
2
c
o
s
(
)
3
2
c
o
s
(
c
o
s
3
2
(
5
)
1
Pf
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
7
:
1
1
0
3
–
1
1
1
1
1106
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Sch
e
m
atic
la
y
o
u
t o
f
co
n
tr
o
l s
y
s
te
m
o
f
I
DVR
Si
m
i
lar
l
y
V
L
(ab
c)
is
also
co
n
v
er
ted
to
V
L
(dq)
.
T
h
e
er
r
o
r
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
r
e
f
er
en
ce
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
lo
ad
o
r
ac
tu
al
v
o
lta
g
e
is
g
i
v
e
n
is
g
i
v
en
as
in
p
u
t
to
th
e
P
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
I
n
teg
r
al
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
e
P
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
I
n
teg
r
al
co
n
tr
o
ller
r
eg
u
lates
er
r
o
r
an
d
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
P
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
I
n
te
g
r
al
co
n
tr
o
ller
i
s
g
i
v
en
b
y
E
q
u
atio
n
s
(
6
)
an
d
(
7
)
)
)(
(
Ld
r
e
fd
i
p
e
r
r
d
V
V
S
K
K
V
(
6
)
)
)(
(
S
K
K
V
V
V
i
p
Lq
r
e
fq
e
r
r
q
(
7
)
w
h
er
e
K
p
an
d
Ki
ar
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
in
teg
r
al
g
ai
n
s
o
f
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
e
V
err(dq)
is
co
n
v
er
ted
to
V
err
(abc)
b
y
t
h
e
d
q
o
to
ab
c
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
V
err(abc)
i
s
g
i
v
en
to
th
e
P
W
M
g
en
er
ato
r
.
T
h
e
P
W
M
g
e
n
er
at
o
r
g
en
er
ates
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
g
ate
p
u
ls
e
s
to
t
h
e
in
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
v
alu
es
o
f
K
p
a
n
d
K
i
ar
e
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
b
y
zig
ler
-
Nic
h
o
las
m
et
h
o
d
[
1
5
]
.
4.
P
H
ASE
SH
I
F
T
I
N
G
T
RAN
S
F
O
RM
E
RS
A
P
h
ase
s
h
if
t
in
g
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
(
P
ST)
co
n
tr
o
ls
th
e
ac
ti
v
e
p
o
w
er
f
lo
w
in
a
n
et
w
o
r
k
b
y
i
n
s
er
tin
g
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
w
it
h
a
co
n
tr
o
lled
p
h
ase
an
g
le
[
1
6
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
r
ep
r
esen
ts
[
1
6
]
th
e
P
ST
co
m
p
r
is
i
n
g
o
f
m
ag
n
etiz
in
g
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
p
ar
allel
to
th
e
f
ee
d
er
an
d
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
w
h
ic
h
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
s
er
ies
to
th
e
f
ee
d
er
is
b
o
o
s
tin
g
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
.
T
h
e
p
h
ase
s
h
i
f
t
is
cr
ea
ted
b
y
co
n
n
e
ctin
g
th
ese
t
w
o
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
to
g
eth
er
th
er
e
b
y
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
r
ea
l
p
o
w
er
f
lo
w
i
n
th
e
li
n
e.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
i
d
e
o
f
m
a
g
n
e
tizi
n
g
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
a
tap
ch
an
g
er
.
B
y
r
eg
u
lati
n
g
t
h
e
tap
ch
an
g
er
th
e
r
ea
l p
o
w
er
w
il
l b
e
r
eg
u
l
ated
.
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
a
n
g
le
E
q
u
atio
n
is
:
s
i
n
2
1
x
V
V
P
(8
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Sch
e
m
atic
L
a
y
o
u
t o
f
P
h
ase
Sh
i
f
ti
n
g
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
A
p
p
lica
tio
n
o
f P
S
T S
o
u
r
ce
b
a
s
ed
DC
Lin
k
R
esto
r
a
tio
n
fo
r
I
DV
R
(
R
a
mch
a
n
d
r
a
N
itta
l
)
1107
T
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
P
ST
is
i
llu
s
t
r
ated
b
y
t
h
e
p
h
a
s
e
d
ia
g
r
a
m
i
n
th
e
Fi
g
u
r
e
s
4
(
a)
a
n
d
4
(
b
)
.
T
o
s
h
if
t
t
h
e
p
h
ase
a
n
g
le
in
o
n
e
p
h
ase
(
s
a
y
R
p
h
ase)
,
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
o
f
th
e
m
ag
n
etiz
in
g
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
i
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
o
t
h
er
t
w
o
p
h
a
s
es
(
Y
an
d
B
p
h
ases
)
.
VYB
is
th
e
r
es
u
lta
n
t
v
o
lta
g
e
i
n
th
e
p
h
a
s
o
r
d
iag
r
a
m
w
h
ic
h
is
f
ed
to
th
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
b
o
o
s
ti
n
g
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
.
Ob
s
er
v
in
g
th
e
p
h
aso
r
d
iag
r
a
m
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
(
a)
,
th
at
v
o
ltag
e
s
VYB
a
n
d
VR
N
h
a
v
e
p
h
ase
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
ce
o
f
9
0
0
.
T
h
e
r
esu
ltan
t
v
o
lta
g
e
b
et
w
ee
n
VYB
an
d
VR
N
w
il
l
b
e
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
b
o
o
s
tin
g
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
.
Dep
en
d
in
g
o
n
t
h
e
m
a
g
n
i
tu
d
e
o
f
v
o
lta
g
e
v
ec
to
r
VYB
,
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
tan
t
v
o
ltag
e
p
h
a
s
e
a
n
d
m
ag
n
it
u
d
e
ca
n
b
e
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
E
q
u
atio
n
i
n
(
8
)
,
th
e
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
e
r
w
ill
b
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
w
it
h
th
e
i
n
cr
e
m
e
n
t
in
t
h
e
p
h
ase
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
r
esu
l
tan
t
v
o
lta
g
e
an
d
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
4(
b
)
.
δ
δ
n
e
w
V
l
V
R
R
esu
l
t
a
n
t
o
f
V
BY
a
n
d
V
R
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
(
a)
P
h
aso
r
Diag
r
a
m
o
f
Vo
ltag
e
s
in
h
ea
lt
h
y
f
ee
d
er
w
it
h
P
ST
(
b
)
r
esu
ltan
t p
h
aso
r
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
h
ea
lt
h
y
f
ee
d
er
5.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
S
A
ND
DIS
CUSS
I
O
N
T
h
e
test
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
is
c
o
n
s
tr
u
cted
u
s
in
g
M
A
T
L
A
B
SIM
UL
I
NK
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
a)
.
T
h
e
tw
o
f
ee
d
er
s
e
ac
h
ar
e
h
av
i
n
g
t
h
r
ee
p
h
ases
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
r
ee
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
i
n
g
le
p
h
ase
lo
ad
s
i.e
.
th
e
to
tal
lo
ad
o
n
o
n
e
f
ee
d
er
is
u
n
b
ala
n
ce
d
lo
ad
.
C
o
n
s
id
er
t
h
e
ca
s
e
w
h
er
e
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
lo
ad
s
(
L
o
ad
1
in
t
h
is
ca
s
e)
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
t
h
e
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
s
o
f
a
f
ee
d
er
is
s
e
n
s
it
iv
e,
th
e
n
t
h
is
lo
ad
clea
r
l
y
r
eq
u
ir
es
a
p
r
o
tectio
n
f
r
o
m
p
o
w
er
q
u
alit
y
i
s
s
u
es
m
ai
n
l
y
v
o
lta
g
e
s
ag
.
Hen
ce
I
DV
R
is
co
n
n
e
cted
to
th
at
p
ar
ticu
lar
p
h
ase
to
en
s
u
r
e
t
h
at
th
e
s
en
s
iti
v
e
lo
ad
is
p
r
o
tecte
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
s
a
g
.
L
o
ad
s
1
an
d
4
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
f
ee
d
er
1
an
d
2
ar
e
ass
u
m
ed
as
s
en
s
iti
v
e
lo
ad
s
.
T
h
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
test
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
t
e
m
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
i
s
r
ep
r
esen
ted
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
(
a)
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
ab
le
1
.
P
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
t
w
o
li
n
e
I
DVR
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
F
e
e
d
e
r
1
F
e
e
d
e
r
2
S
u
p
p
l
y
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
2
3
0
V
2
3
0
V
L
o
a
d
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
2
3
0
V
2
3
0
V
L
o
a
d
R
e
si
st
a
n
c
e
40Ω
40Ω
L
o
a
d
I
n
d
u
c
t
a
n
c
e
9
5
.
5
mH
9
5
.
5
mH
T
r
a
n
sf
o
r
me
r
R
e
si
st
a
n
c
e
3Ω
3Ω
T
r
a
n
sf
o
r
me
r
I
n
d
u
c
t
a
n
c
e
1
0
mH
1
0
mH
D
C
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
a
n
c
e
3
2
0
0
μF
D
C
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
a
n
c
e
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
2
1
0
V
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
7
:
1
1
0
3
–
1
1
1
1
1108
T
h
e
P
S
T
(
r
atin
g
o
f
b
o
th
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
is
6
0
0
VA
,
5
0
Hz
an
d
t
u
r
n
s
r
atio
o
f
m
ag
n
etizi
n
g
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
i
s
2
:1
an
d
th
at
o
f
b
o
o
s
tin
g
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
is
1
:1
)
is
p
r
o
v
id
ed
to
r
esto
r
e
th
e
DC
lin
k
e
n
er
g
y
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
o
f
th
e
DC
L
in
k
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
(
a)
is
a
co
n
tr
o
ller
w
h
ic
h
co
m
p
ar
es
th
e
r
e
f
er
en
ce
D
C
lin
k
a
n
d
ac
tu
al
D
C
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
s
ag
co
n
d
itio
n
an
d
b
ased
o
n
v
o
ltag
e
s
a
g
co
n
d
itio
n
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
ch
o
o
s
es
th
e
s
u
itab
le
f
ee
d
er
to
w
h
ic
h
t
h
e
P
ST
h
as
to
b
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
f
o
r
r
esto
r
atio
n
o
f
D
C
li
n
k
e
n
er
g
y
.
Hen
ce
t
h
e
DC
l
in
k
v
o
ltag
e
i
s
m
a
in
tai
n
ed
co
n
s
tan
t
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l a
lo
g
ir
th
m
o
f
D
C
lin
k
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
(
b
)
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
(
a)
Sim
u
li
n
k
m
o
d
el
o
f
I
DVR (
b
)
C
o
n
tr
o
l a
lg
o
r
it
h
m
o
f
D
C
li
n
k
co
n
tr
o
ller
5
.
1
.
Vo
l
t
a
g
e
S
a
g
Appl
ied in
F
irst
F
ee
der
a
nd
R
esto
ring
t
he
DC
lin
k
E
nerg
y
w
it
h P
ST
Feed
er
1
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
(
a)
is
a
s
s
u
m
ed
to
b
e
e
f
f
ec
ted
w
it
h
a
v
o
ltag
e
s
a
g
f
o
r
a
p
er
i
o
d
o
f
ti
m
e.
Feed
er
2
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
b
e
u
n
a
f
f
ec
ted
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
u
n
it
t
h
en
a
s
s
o
ciate
s
t
h
e
P
ST
to
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
f
ee
d
er
.
T
h
e
an
g
u
lar
p
h
ase
o
f
th
e
f
ee
d
er
2
is
s
h
i
f
ted
b
y
P
h
a
s
e
S
h
i
f
ti
n
g
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
.
T
h
e
r
ea
l
p
o
w
er
f
l
o
w
i
n
th
e
f
ee
d
er
2
in
cr
ea
s
es
d
u
e
to
th
e
p
h
ase
s
h
if
t.
T
h
e
in
cr
e
m
e
n
tal
ac
ti
v
e
p
o
w
er
w
ill
b
e
u
tili
ze
d
f
o
r
DC
lin
k
r
esto
r
atio
n
b
y
s
ec
o
n
d
DV
R
p
r
esen
t
o
n
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
f
ee
d
er
.
T
h
e
P
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
I
n
te
g
r
al
co
n
tr
o
ller
p
r
ese
n
t
i
n
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
DV
R
k
ee
p
s
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
lo
ad
o
n
s
ec
o
n
d
f
ee
d
er
to
th
e
r
ated
v
alu
e.
L
o
ad
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
f
ee
d
er
1
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
co
n
d
itio
n
w
ith
t
h
e
ab
s
en
c
e
an
d
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
I
DV
R
a
n
d
v
o
ltag
e
at
t
h
e
D
C
l
in
k
w
i
th
P
S
T
ar
e
r
e
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
a)
an
d
Fi
g
u
r
e
s
6
(
b
)
,
(
c)
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
A
r
ed
u
ctio
n
i
n
lo
ad
v
o
lta
g
e
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
v
o
lt
ag
e
s
a
g
i
s
o
b
s
er
v
ed
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
(
a)
.
I
n
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
I
DVR
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
s
a
g
is
eli
m
i
n
ated
w
h
ich
i
s
o
b
s
er
v
ed
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
(
b
)
.
T
h
e
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
f
ee
d
er
2
to
wh
ich
P
ST
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
(
d
)
.
I
t
i
s
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
w
h
ile
r
esto
r
in
g
t
h
e
D
C
li
n
k
en
er
g
y
,
th
e
f
ee
d
er
2
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e
is
a
l
s
o
m
ai
n
tai
n
ed
co
n
s
ta
n
t
b
y
t
h
e
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
o
f
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l s
y
s
te
m
i
n
s
ec
o
n
d
DVR
.
I
n
t
h
e
l
iter
atu
r
e
[
1
7
]
,
P
ST
is
u
n
co
n
tr
o
lled
w
h
ic
h
m
ea
n
s
t
h
at
t
h
e
p
h
ase
s
h
i
f
t
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
P
ST
is
d
ef
au
lt
o
n
e
v
al
u
e
(
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
t
h
e
tu
r
n
s
r
atio
o
f
th
e
m
ag
n
etizin
g
a
n
d
b
o
o
s
tin
g
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
)
ir
r
esp
ec
ti
v
e
o
f
th
e
p
o
w
er
th
a
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
co
m
p
en
s
ated
.
Hen
ce
i
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
a
co
n
tr
o
l
ac
tio
n
is
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
w
h
ic
h
ca
lc
u
late
s
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
p
o
w
er
n
ee
d
ed
f
o
r
th
e
co
m
p
e
n
s
at
io
n
.
Fro
m
t
h
at
p
h
ase
s
h
if
t
is
ca
lc
u
lated
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
E
q
u
atio
n
s
g
iv
e
n
in
[
1
6
]
.
W
h
en
t
h
e
a
n
g
le
i
s
k
n
o
w
n
ac
co
r
d
in
g
,
th
e
tu
r
n
s
r
at
io
o
f
b
o
o
s
tin
g
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
i
s
ad
j
u
s
ted
th
er
e
b
y
t
h
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
A
p
p
lica
tio
n
o
f P
S
T S
o
u
r
ce
b
a
s
ed
DC
Lin
k
R
esto
r
a
tio
n
fo
r
I
DV
R
(
R
a
mch
a
n
d
r
a
N
itta
l
)
1109
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
P
ST
w
ill
g
i
v
e
ca
lc
u
lated
p
h
ase
s
h
i
f
t.
T
h
e
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
P
ST
f
o
r
r
ep
len
is
h
i
n
g
t
h
e
D
C
li
n
k
en
er
g
y
is
;
t
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
h
a
s
e
an
g
le
s
h
i
f
t
b
et
w
ee
n
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e
ca
n
b
e
9
0
0
.
At
th
i
s
i
n
s
ta
n
t
p
o
w
er
is
m
ax
i
m
u
m
an
d
b
e
y
o
n
d
w
h
i
ch
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
i
n
cr
e
ased
.
Hen
ce
P
ST
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
li
m
i
ted
to
ce
r
tain
li
m
it
s
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
6.
(
a)
L
o
ad
v
o
ltag
e
at
f
ee
d
er
1
(
in
Vo
lts
)
w
ith
o
u
t I
D
VR
,
(
b
)
L
o
ad
v
o
ltag
e
in
f
ee
d
e
r
1
(
in
Vo
lts
)
,
(
c)
DC
lin
k
v
o
lta
g
e
(
in
v
o
lts
)
w
it
h
I
DV
R
an
d
P
h
ase
S
h
i
f
ti
n
g
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
,
(
d
)
L
o
ad
v
o
ltag
e
at
f
ee
d
er
2
(
in
Vo
lts
)
5
.
2
.
Vo
lt
a
g
e
s
a
g
Appl
ied in
T
w
o
F
ee
ders in t
he
A
bs
ence
o
f
P
ST
f
o
r
R
esto
ra
t
i
o
n
I
f
b
o
th
f
ee
d
er
s
ar
e
s
i
m
u
l
tan
eo
u
s
l
y
e
f
f
ec
ted
w
it
h
v
o
lta
g
e
s
a
g
,
th
e
n
P
ST
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
u
til
ized
i
n
t
h
is
as
it
ca
n
o
n
l
y
b
e
a
s
s
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
a
h
ea
lt
h
y
f
ee
d
er
.
Hen
ce
,
t
h
e
i
n
itial
ch
ar
g
ed
en
er
g
y
o
f
t
h
e
DC
li
n
k
i
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
m
iti
g
ati
n
g
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
in
b
o
th
f
ee
d
er
s
.
F
ig
u
r
e
7
(
a)
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
i
n
f
ee
d
er
s
1
an
d
2
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
W
h
en
I
D
VR
is
p
lace
d
th
e
v
o
lt
ag
e
s
a
g
is
co
m
p
en
s
ated
as
s
h
o
w
n
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
b
)
.
Si
n
ce
t
h
e
I
DV
R
i
s
co
m
p
e
n
s
at
in
g
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
ch
ar
g
ed
e
n
er
g
y
o
f
DC
l
in
k
th
er
e
is
d
ec
li
n
e
i
n
t
h
e
D
C
li
n
k
v
o
lta
g
e
as
s
ee
n
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
c)
.
W
h
en
th
e
m
iti
g
at
io
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
co
m
p
leted
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
at
th
e
DC
lin
k
w
ill
c
o
m
p
e
n
s
ate
t
h
e
D
C
lin
k
w
it
h
P
ST
d
e
p
en
d
in
g
o
n
t
h
e
co
n
d
itio
n
p
r
ev
ailed
.
Hen
ce
i
n
b
o
th
co
n
d
itio
n
s
t
h
e
I
DVR
co
u
ld
ef
f
ec
ti
v
el
y
m
iti
g
ate
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
a
g
an
d
p
r
o
tecte
d
th
e
s
en
s
iti
v
e
lo
ad
s
f
r
o
m
g
etti
n
g
d
a
m
ag
ed
b
y
t
h
e
af
f
ec
t
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
a
g
.
Fro
m
th
e
o
b
tai
n
ed
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lt
s
it
ca
n
b
e
co
n
cl
u
d
ed
t
h
at
P
ST
r
esto
r
atio
n
o
f
DC
li
n
k
f
o
r
I
D
VR
i
s
co
m
p
ar
it
v
el
y
ap
p
r
o
p
r
ia
tiv
e
t
h
a
n
t
h
e
o
t
h
er
m
et
h
o
d
s
o
f
DC
l
in
k
r
esto
r
at
io
n
f
o
r
I
DVR
[
7
]
,
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
3
]
.
I
n
p
r
ev
io
u
s
co
m
p
lex
m
e
th
o
d
s
o
f
D
C
lin
k
r
esto
r
atio
n
,
o
n
e
o
f
f
ee
d
er
s
to
w
h
ic
h
t
h
e
I
DV
R
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
is
al
w
a
y
s
to
b
e
ass
u
m
ed
as
h
e
alth
y
f
ee
d
er
.
On
t
h
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
u
tili
zi
n
g
P
ST
i
s
s
i
m
p
ler
w
a
y
to
r
esto
r
e
th
e
D
C
li
n
k
e
n
er
g
y
f
o
r
I
DVR
an
d
also
P
ST
ca
n
b
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
an
y
o
f
t
h
e
f
ee
d
er
s
to
w
h
ic
h
th
e
I
DV
R
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
7
:
1
1
0
3
–
1
1
1
1
1110
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
7.
(
a)
L
o
ad
v
o
ltag
e
in
f
ee
d
er
1
an
d
in
f
ee
d
er
2
(
in
Vo
lts
)
w
i
th
o
u
t I
DVR
,
(
b
)
L
o
ad
v
o
ltag
e
in
f
ee
d
er
1
an
d
f
ee
d
er
2
(
in
Vo
lts
)
w
it
h
I
DVR,
(
c)
DC
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e
(
i
n
v
o
lts
)
w
ith
o
u
t P
V
s
y
s
te
m
an
d
P
ST
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
p
r
esen
t r
esear
ch
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
th
e
i
s
s
u
es
r
elate
d
to
p
o
w
er
q
u
alit
y
f
ac
ed
at
t
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
id
e.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
p
o
w
er
q
u
alit
y
p
r
o
b
le
m
co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
th
i
s
p
ap
er
is
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
.
I
DVR
w
il
l
b
e
th
e
s
u
itab
le
d
ev
ice
f
o
r
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
s
a
g
in
m
u
ltip
le
f
ee
d
er
lin
es.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
I
DVR
id
en
tifie
s
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
er
r
o
r
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
ac
t
u
al
a
n
d
r
ef
er
en
ce
v
o
lta
g
es
a
n
d
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
l
y
s
ets
th
e
P
u
ls
e
W
id
th
Mo
d
u
latio
n
g
en
er
ato
r
to
g
en
er
ate
t
h
e
i
n
v
e
r
ter
g
ate
p
u
l
s
es
f
o
r
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
in
j
ec
tio
n
a
n
d
th
u
s
co
m
p
en
s
ati
n
g
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
s
a
g
.
A
n
o
v
el
w
a
y
o
f
r
ep
le
n
is
h
i
n
g
th
e
D
C
lin
k
en
er
g
y
o
f
I
DVR
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
.
P
ST
is
u
ti
lized
f
o
r
t
h
e
DC
lin
k
r
esto
r
atio
n
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
s
ag
co
n
d
itio
n
th
e
s
u
itab
le
f
ee
d
er
to
w
h
ic
h
th
e
P
ST
is
to
b
e
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
f
o
r
th
e
r
esto
r
atio
n
o
f
D
C
li
n
k
e
n
e
r
g
y
i
s
s
e
lecte
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
.
Ad
d
itio
n
all
y
a
p
h
ase
s
h
i
f
t p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
P
ST
is
co
n
tr
o
lled
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
p
o
w
er
f
o
r
th
e
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
A
p
p
lica
tio
n
o
f P
S
T S
o
u
r
ce
b
a
s
ed
DC
Lin
k
R
esto
r
a
tio
n
fo
r
I
DV
R
(
R
a
mch
a
n
d
r
a
N
itta
l
)
1111
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
G
.
J.
S
.
Dh
a
s
a
n
d
T
.
R
.
D.
P
ra
k
a
sh
,
“
A
No
v
e
l
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
f
o
r
V
o
lt
a
g
e
sa
g
M
it
ig
a
ti
o
n
u
si
n
g
F
A
CT
S
d
e
v
ice
in
terlin
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
v
o
lt
a
g
e
re
sto
re
r,
”
ICECT
2
0
1
1
-
2
0
1
1
3
rd
I
n
t.
Co
n
f
.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
Co
m
p
u
t.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l.
,
v
o
l.
4
,
p
p
.
3
7
–
4
1
,
2
0
1
1
.
[2
]
V
.
K.
M
e
h
ta
a
n
d
R.
M
e
h
ta,
P
rin
c
ip
les
o
f
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
ste
m
:
In
c
lu
d
i
n
g
G
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
,
T
ra
n
s
m
issio
n
,
Distrib
u
ti
o
n
,
S
w
it
c
h
g
e
a
r
a
n
d
P
r
o
tec
ti
o
n
:
f
o
r
B.
E/
B.
T
e
c
h
.
,
A
M
IE
a
n
d
Oth
e
r
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
Ex
a
m
in
a
ti
o
n
s
.
S
.
C
h
a
n
d
,
2
0
0
5
.
[3
]
S
.
M
.
M
a
h
a
e
i,
M
.
T
.
Ha
g
h
,
a
n
d
K.
Zare
,
“
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
F
A
C
T
S
De
v
ic
e
s
in
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
ste
m
S
ta
te
Esti
m
a
ti
o
n
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
5
7
–
6
7
,
2
0
1
2
.
[4
]
A
.
G
h
o
sh
a
n
d
G
.
Led
w
i
c
h
,
“
Co
m
p
e
n
sa
ti
o
n
o
f
Distrib
u
ti
o
n
S
y
st
e
m
V
o
lt
a
g
e
u
sin
g
DV
R,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
P
o
we
r
De
li
v
.
,
v
o
l.
1
7
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
0
3
0
–
1
0
3
6
,
Oc
t.
2
0
0
2
.
[5
]
H.
M
a
re
fa
tj
o
u
,
M
.
S
a
rv
i,
“
Co
m
p
e
n
sa
ti
o
n
o
f
S
in
g
le
-
P
h
a
se
a
n
d
T
h
r
e
e
-
P
h
a
se
Vo
lt
a
g
e
S
a
g
a
n
d
S
we
ll
Us
in
g
D
y
n
a
m
ic
V
o
l
tag
e
Re
s
to
re
r,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
2
9
–
1
4
4
,
2
0
1
2
.
[6
]
S
.
S
.
Ch
o
i,
B
.
H.
L
i,
D.
M
.
V
il
a
t
h
g
a
m
u
wa
,
“
D
y
n
a
m
ic
V
o
lt
a
g
e
Re
sto
ra
ti
o
n
w
it
h
M
i
n
im
u
m
En
e
rg
y
I
n
jec
ti
o
n
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Po
we
r S
y
st.
,
v
o
l.
1
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
5
1
–
5
7
,
2
0
0
0
.
[7
]
D.
M
.
Vi
lath
g
a
m
u
w
a
,
H.
M
.
W
ij
e
k
o
o
n
,
S
.
S
.
C
h
o
i,
“
In
terlin
e
Dy
n
a
m
ic
V
o
lt
a
g
e
Re
sto
re
r:
A
No
v
e
l
a
n
d
Ec
o
n
o
m
ica
l
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
f
o
r
M
u
lt
il
in
e
P
o
w
e
r
Qu
a
li
ty
C
o
m
p
e
n
sa
ti
o
n
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
In
d
.
Ap
p
l
.
,
v
o
l.
4
0
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
6
7
8
–
1
6
8
5
,
2
0
0
4
.
[8
]
H.
M
.
W
ij
e
k
o
o
n
,
D.
M
.
Vilath
g
a
m
u
w
a
,
a
n
d
S
.
S
.
C
h
o
i
,
“
In
terli
n
e
D
y
n
a
m
ic
V
o
lt
a
g
e
Re
sto
re
r:
A
n
E
c
o
n
o
m
ica
l
w
a
y
to
Im
p
ro
v
e
In
terlin
e
P
o
w
e
r
Q
u
a
li
ty
,
”
IEE
Pro
c
.
-
Ge
n
e
r.
T
ra
n
sm
.
Distrib
.
,
v
o
l.
1
5
0
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
.
5
1
3
,
2
0
0
3
.
[9
]
A
.
El
se
ro
u
g
i,
A
.
Ho
ss
a
m
-
El
d
in
,
A
.
M
a
ss
o
u
d
,
S
.
A
h
m
e
d
,
“
In
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
o
f
I
n
ter
-
L
in
e
Dy
n
a
mic
V
o
lt
a
g
e
Res
to
re
r
wit
h
Vi
rt
u
a
l
Imp
e
d
a
n
c
e
I
n
jec
ti
o
n
,
”
IECON
P
ro
c
.
(In
d
u
strial
El
e
c
tro
n
.
C
o
n
f
.
,
p
p
.
1
9
7
5
–
1
9
8
0
,
2
0
1
0
.
[1
0
]
A
.
El
se
ro
u
g
i,
A
.
M
.
M
a
ss
o
u
d
,
A
.
S
.
A
b
d
e
l
-
Kh
a
li
k
,
S
.
A
h
m
e
d
,
A
.
A.
Ho
ss
a
m
-
El
d
in
,
“
A
n
In
terlin
e
Dy
n
a
m
ic V
o
lt
a
g
e
Re
sto
rin
g
a
n
d
Dis
p
lac
e
m
e
n
t
F
a
c
to
r
Co
n
tr
o
ll
i
n
g
De
v
ice
(IV
DFC),
”
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
.
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
,
v
o
l.
2
9
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
2
7
3
7
–
2
7
4
9
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
1
]
C.
N.
Ho
,
H.
S
.
H.
Ch
u
n
g
,
K.
T
.
K.
A
u
,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
Im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
a
F
a
st
D
y
n
a
m
i
c
Co
n
tro
l
S
c
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
Ca
p
a
c
it
o
r
-
S
u
p
p
o
rted
Dy
n
a
m
ic
V
o
lt
a
g
e
Re
sto
re
rs,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
2
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
3
7
–
2
5
1
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
0
8
.
[1
2
]
P
.
U.
Ra
n
i,
“
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
S
im
u
latio
n
o
f
In
te
rli
n
e
Dy
n
a
m
i
c
V
o
lt
a
g
e
Re
sto
re
r
u
sin
g
S
VP
W
M
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
,
”
v
o
l
.
6
0
,
n
o
.
1
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
3
]
P
.
V
.
Na
id
u
,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
a
Hy
ste
r
e
sis V
o
lt
a
g
e
Co
n
tro
l
Ba
se
d
In
terli
n
e
DV
R
(
IDV
R
)
w
it
h
V
A
Op
ti
m
iz
a
ti
o
n
,
”
2
0
1
4
.
[1
4
]
M
.
S
h
a
h
a
b
a
d
in
i
a
n
d
H.
Im
a
n
-
Ei
n
i,
“
Im
p
ro
v
in
g
th
e
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
Ca
s
c
a
d
e
d
H
-
Brid
g
e
Ba
s
e
d
In
terlin
e
D
y
n
a
m
ic
V
o
l
tag
e
Re
sto
re
r,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
P
o
we
r De
li
v
.
,
v
o
l.
8
9
7
7
,
n
o
.
c
,
p
p
.
1
–
1
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
5
]
B.
W
.
Be
q
u
e
tt
e
,
P
r
o
c
e
ss
Co
n
tr
o
l:
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
,
De
sig
n
,
a
n
d
S
im
u
latio
n
,
P
re
n
ti
c
e
Ha
ll
P
ro
f
e
ss
io
n
a
l,
2
0
0
3
.
[1
6
]
J.
W
in
d
e
rs,
P
o
w
e
r
T
ra
n
sf
o
r
m
e
rs:
P
ri
n
c
ip
les
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
CRC
P
re
ss
,
2
0
0
2
.
[1
7
]
R.
Nitt
a
la,
A
.
M
.
P
a
rim
i,
a
n
d
K.
U.
Ra
o
,
“
P
h
a
se
S
h
if
ti
n
g
T
ra
n
s
f
o
rm
e
r
b
a
se
d
In
terlin
e
D
y
n
a
m
i
c
V
o
lt
a
g
e
R
e
sto
re
r
to
M
it
ig
a
te V
o
lt
a
g
e
sa
g
,
”
in
2
0
1
3
A
n
n
u
a
l
IEE
E
I
n
d
ia Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
,
IN
DICO
N
,
2
0
1
3
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.