I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l a
nd
Co
m
p
ute
r
E
ng
in
ee
ring
(
I
J
E
CE
)
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2020
,
p
p
.
1
0
4
3
~
1
0
5
2
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
ec
e
.
v
1
0
i
1
.
pp
1
0
4
3
-
1
0
5
2
1043
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
ec
e.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/I
JE
C
E
The co
ncep
tual
mo
del of inf
o
r
m
a
tio
n confro
ntatio
n
of virtua
l
co
m
m
uni
ties in
so
cia
l net
w
o
rk
ing
serv
ices
K
a
t
er
y
na
M
o
lo
det
s
k
a
1
,
Yuri
y
T
i
m
o
nin
2
,
I
ho
r
M
elny
chuk
3
1,
2
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
a
n
d
S
y
ste
m
s M
o
d
e
li
n
g
,
Z
h
y
to
m
y
r
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
Ag
ro
e
c
o
lo
g
ica
l
Un
i
v
e
rsity
,
U
k
ra
in
e
3
S
o
c
ial
S
c
ien
c
e
s De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t,
Zh
y
to
m
y
r
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
A
g
ro
e
c
o
lo
g
ica
l
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
Uk
ra
in
e
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Sep
15
,
2
0
1
9
R
ev
i
s
ed
Oct
7
,
2019
A
cc
ep
ted
Oct
1
5
,
2
0
1
9
S
o
c
ial
n
e
tw
o
rk
in
g
se
rv
ice
s
a
re
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
st
p
o
p
u
lar
m
a
s
s
m
e
d
ia
a
n
d
a
re
u
se
d
a
s
a
n
e
f
fe
c
ti
v
e
to
o
l
f
o
r
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
c
o
n
f
ro
n
tatio
n
d
u
e
t
o
t
h
e
ir
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
a
l
c
h
a
ra
c
teristics
.
Ex
isti
n
g
m
o
d
e
ls
o
f
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
c
o
n
f
ro
n
tati
o
n
tak
e
in
to
a
c
c
o
u
n
t
th
e
re
d
istri
b
u
ti
o
n
b
e
tw
e
e
n
c
o
n
f
li
c
t
p
a
rti
e
s
o
f
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
k
in
d
o
f
re
so
u
rc
e
,
a
lt
h
o
u
g
h
i
n
th
e
so
c
ial
n
e
tw
o
rk
in
g
s
e
rv
ic
e
s
th
e
re
is
a
n
e
e
d
to
c
o
n
sid
e
r
a
d
d
it
io
n
a
l
f
a
c
to
rs
th
a
t
d
e
term
in
e
th
e
e
f
f
e
c
ti
v
e
n
e
ss
o
f
v
irt
u
a
l
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
ies
’
o
p
p
o
si
ti
o
n
.
A
c
o
n
c
e
p
tu
a
l
m
o
d
e
l
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
c
o
n
f
ro
n
tatio
n
o
f
v
irt
u
a
l
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
ies
in
so
c
ial
n
e
tw
o
rk
in
g
se
rv
ic
e
s h
a
s
b
e
e
n
d
e
v
e
lo
p
e
d
,
a
n
d
it
in
c
lu
d
e
s
th
re
e
-
lay
e
r
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
s
o
f
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
a
c
to
rs,
g
ro
w
th
o
f
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
re
so
u
rc
e
s
o
f
v
irt
u
a
l
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
ies
a
n
d
d
y
n
a
m
ics
o
f
sp
e
n
d
i
n
g
re
so
u
rc
e
s
f
o
r
th
e
c
o
n
f
ro
n
tatio
n
c
o
n
d
u
c
t.
T
h
e
m
o
d
e
l
a
lso
tak
e
s
in
to
a
c
c
o
u
n
t
th
e
p
e
c
u
li
a
rit
ies
o
f
th
e
a
n
tag
o
n
is
ti
c
c
o
n
f
li
c
t
o
f
v
irt
u
a
l
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
ies
’
a
c
to
rs
th
ro
u
g
h
t
h
e
c
h
o
ice
o
f
a
d
if
f
e
re
n
t
ial
e
q
u
a
ti
o
n
th
a
t
c
o
rre
sp
o
n
d
s
to
t
h
e
ty
p
e
o
f
it
s
d
y
n
a
m
ics
.
T
h
e
o
ff
e
re
d
c
o
n
c
e
p
tu
a
l
m
o
d
e
l
f
o
rm
a
li
z
e
s
th
e
b
e
h
a
v
io
r
o
f
v
irt
u
a
l
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
ies
’
a
c
to
rs
in
th
e
c
o
n
d
i
ti
o
n
s
o
f
a
n
tag
o
n
isti
c
c
o
n
f
li
c
t.
A
t
th
e
sa
m
e
ti
m
e
,
it
a
ll
o
w
s
to
in
v
e
stig
a
t
e
th
e
p
e
c
u
li
a
rit
ies
o
f
u
sin
g
d
iff
e
re
n
t
stra
teg
ies
to
c
a
rr
y
o
u
t
th
e
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
f
ig
h
t
o
f
v
irt
u
a
l
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
ies
in
so
c
ial
n
e
tw
o
rk
in
g
se
rv
ic
e
s,
to
c
h
o
o
se
o
p
ti
m
a
l
stra
teg
ie
s,
to
p
re
d
ict
t
h
e
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
c
o
n
f
li
c
ts
in
t
h
e
i
n
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
s
p
a
c
e
a
n
d
t
o
d
e
v
e
lo
p
e
f
f
e
c
ti
v
e
m
e
a
su
re
s
to
c
o
u
n
ter
th
re
a
ts
to
th
e
sta
te’s
in
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
se
c
u
rit
y
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
An
ta
g
o
n
i
s
tic
co
n
f
lict
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
w
ar
f
ar
e
Mo
d
el
So
cial
n
et
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
s
er
v
ices
Vir
tu
al
co
m
m
u
n
ities
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
2
0
2
0
In
stit
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts
re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Kate
r
y
n
a
Mo
lo
d
ets
k
a
,
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
C
o
m
p
u
ter
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies a
n
d
S
y
s
te
m
s
Mo
d
elin
g
,
Z
h
y
to
m
y
r
Nat
io
n
al
Ag
r
o
ec
o
lo
g
ical
U
n
iv
er
s
it
y
,
7
,
Star
y
y
B
lv
d
.
,
1
0
0
0
8
,
Z
h
y
to
m
y
r
,
U
k
r
ain
e
.
E
m
ail:
k
m
o
lo
d
ets
k
a
@
g
m
ail.
c
o
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Du
e
to
th
e
d
ee
p
en
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
o
f
s
o
ciet
y
i
n
f
o
r
m
at
izatio
n
,
a
s
i
g
n
if
ica
n
t
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
o
f
s
o
cial
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
h
a
s
tak
e
n
p
lace
.
C
u
r
r
en
tl
y
,
s
o
cial
n
et
w
o
r
k
in
g
s
er
v
ices
(
S
NS)
ar
e
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
a
m
as
s
m
ed
ia,
b
u
t
ar
e
al
s
o
u
s
ed
b
y
u
s
er
s
(
ac
to
r
s
)
to
u
n
ite
li
k
e
-
m
in
d
ed
p
eo
p
le
in
v
ir
tu
al
co
m
m
u
n
ities
,
to
ex
p
r
ess
ci
v
ic
p
o
s
itio
n
,
to
co
o
r
d
in
ate
r
ea
l
-
li
f
e
ac
t
io
n
s
a
n
d
,
as
a
co
n
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
,
to
i
n
f
l
u
en
ce
p
o
liti
ca
l
a
n
d
s
o
cial
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
in
t
h
e
s
ta
te.
T
h
e
g
lo
b
al
an
d
Uk
r
ain
ia
n
ex
p
er
ien
ce
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
SNS
b
y
citizen
s
f
o
r
s
el
f
-
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
i
n
alar
m
in
g
s
it
u
a
tio
n
s
a
n
d
d
u
r
i
n
g
r
eso
n
a
n
t
e
v
e
n
ts
h
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
at
t
h
e
y
ar
e
a
n
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
to
o
l
f
o
r
in
f
lu
e
n
ci
n
g
p
u
b
lic
o
p
in
io
n
,
m
o
b
il
izin
g
citize
n
s
a
n
d
s
tr
e
n
g
t
h
e
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
te
st
s
e
n
ti
m
e
n
t
in
s
o
ciet
y
[
1
-
5
]
.
Su
c
h
p
h
en
o
m
e
n
a
h
a
v
e
b
ec
o
m
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
d
u
e
to
th
e
h
ig
h
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
ac
to
r
’
s
co
n
f
id
en
ce
in
SNS
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
m
ed
ia.
Als
o
,
as
a
r
esu
lt
o
f
a
r
ad
ical
ch
an
g
e
i
n
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
i
n
th
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
p
ac
e
,
SNS
h
as
t
u
r
n
ed
i
n
to
an
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
m
ea
n
s
o
f
co
n
d
u
cti
n
g
a
n
e
w
f
o
r
m
o
f
o
p
p
o
s
itio
n
-
a
h
y
b
r
id
w
ar
.
T
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
w
ar
co
m
b
i
n
es p
o
liti
ca
l,
ec
o
n
o
m
ic,
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
a
n
d
o
th
er
to
o
ls
to
g
ain
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
b
y
o
n
e
s
tate
to
th
e
o
th
er
.
A
lead
in
g
r
o
le
in
co
n
d
u
cti
n
g
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
w
ar
is
p
la
y
ed
b
y
in
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
co
n
f
r
o
n
tat
io
n
as
a
co
n
ten
tio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
s
o
cial
s
y
s
te
m
s
o
r
co
u
n
tr
ies
i
n
t
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
s
p
h
er
e
to
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
p
h
er
es
o
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
0
:
1
0
4
3
-
1
0
5
2
1044
p
u
b
lic
r
elatio
n
s
a
n
d
to
estab
l
is
h
co
n
tr
o
l
o
v
er
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
f
s
tr
ateg
ic
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
w
h
er
eb
y
o
n
e
p
ar
t
y
r
ec
eiv
es
th
e
b
en
e
f
it
s
it
n
ee
d
s
f
o
r
its
f
u
r
t
h
er
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
Un
d
er
cu
r
r
en
t
co
n
d
it
io
n
s
,
th
e
ad
v
an
tag
e
i
n
t
h
e
s
tate
'
s
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
p
ac
e
is
g
ain
ed
d
u
e
to
th
e
h
i
g
h
s
p
ee
d
o
f
co
n
te
n
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
i
n
SN
S,
w
h
ic
h
h
as
a
d
estr
u
cti
v
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
ac
to
r
s
,
as
w
ell
as
th
e
d
ec
e
n
tr
alize
d
n
a
tu
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
li
n
k
s
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
m
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
SN
S
ar
e
an
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
a
n
d
e
f
f
icie
n
t
o
n
li
n
e
p
lat
f
o
r
m
f
o
r
co
n
d
u
cti
n
g
o
f
f
e
n
s
i
v
e
ac
tio
n
s
i
n
t
h
e
n
atio
n
al
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
p
ac
e
o
f
th
e
s
tate
[
6
-
1
4
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
at
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tag
e
o
f
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
ie
s
an
d
th
e
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
s
o
ciet
y
,
SN
S
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
a
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
t
h
r
ea
ts
to
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
ec
u
r
it
y
o
f
th
e
s
tate.
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
m
u
l
tifu
n
c
tio
n
alit
y
o
f
SN
S
an
d
in
th
e
co
n
te
x
t
o
f
g
lo
b
aliza
tio
n
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
s
p
ac
e
an
d
f
r
ee
cir
cu
la
tio
n
o
f
co
n
ten
t
in
t
h
e
w
o
r
ld
,
t
h
er
e
is
an
o
b
jectiv
e
co
n
tr
ad
ictio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
u
r
g
e
n
t
n
ee
d
f
o
r
p
r
ac
tice
in
en
s
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
s
u
s
t
ain
ab
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
er
v
ices
’
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
p
ac
e
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
s
cien
ce
to
d
ev
elo
p
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
b
a
s
es
f
o
r
m
o
d
elin
g
t
h
e
co
n
f
lict
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
in
th
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
p
ac
e
f
o
r
k
ee
p
in
g
th
e
s
tate
’
s
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
ec
u
r
it
y
i
n
SNS.
An
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
r
ec
en
t
r
esear
ch
a
n
d
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
h
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
at,
at
t
h
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tag
e
o
f
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
t
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
w
ar
i
s
b
ein
g
r
u
n
w
it
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
m
ilit
ar
y
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
a
n
d
w
ea
p
o
n
s
i
n
th
e
cla
s
s
ica
l
s
en
s
e
[
7
,
1
0
,
1
5
,
1
6
]
.
Du
e
to
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
SNS,
i
n
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
co
n
f
r
o
n
tatio
n
b
ec
o
m
e
s
la
ten
t,
h
a
s
n
o
clea
r
b
eg
in
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
en
d
,
an
d
,
as
a
r
esu
lt,
t
h
e
cr
o
s
s
-
b
o
r
d
er
in
ter
ac
tio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
ac
to
r
s
in
SNS,
th
e
b
o
r
d
er
s
o
f
s
tates
b
ec
o
m
e
v
a
g
u
e.
I
n
tu
r
n
,
t
h
e
co
n
te
n
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
d
u
r
i
n
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
p
er
atio
n
s
co
n
tain
s
a
d
estr
u
cti
v
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
-
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
i
m
p
ac
t.
T
h
is
l
ea
d
s
to
co
m
p
licated
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
o
f
f
o
r
m
alizi
n
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
n
f
r
o
n
tat
io
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
an
d
th
eir
m
o
d
eli
n
g
,
ta
k
in
g
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
u
n
iq
u
e
s
it
u
atio
n
s
a
n
d
ce
r
tai
n
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
f
ac
to
r
s
.
I
t
is
k
n
o
w
n
f
r
o
m
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
[
7
,
1
0
,
16
-
2
6
]
th
at
m
at
h
e
m
atica
l
m
o
d
el
s
w
h
ic
h
ta
k
e
in
t
o
ac
co
u
n
t
th
e
r
ed
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
t
y
p
es
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
f
o
r
its
r
ea
lizatio
n
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
s
tu
d
y
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
co
n
f
r
o
n
tatio
n
.
Am
o
n
g
t
h
e
k
n
o
w
n
m
o
d
els
o
f
w
ar
,
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
m
o
d
el
is
t
h
e
L
a
n
ch
e
s
ter
m
o
d
el
[
1
7
-
1
9
]
,
w
h
ic
h
e
n
v
i
s
ag
es
t
h
e
q
u
a
n
tita
tiv
e
d
y
n
a
m
ics
o
f
t
h
e
b
attle
o
f
t
w
o
g
r
o
u
p
s
as
a
r
an
d
o
m
Ma
r
k
o
v
p
r
o
ce
s
s
w
i
th
d
i
s
cr
ete
s
tate
s
a
n
d
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
t
i
m
e.
Fo
r
s
u
c
h
a
p
r
o
ce
s
s
it
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
o
b
tain
t
h
e
eq
u
at
io
n
s
o
f
av
er
ag
e
d
y
n
a
m
ics
a
n
d
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
at
an
y
g
i
v
e
n
ti
m
e
th
e
av
er
a
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
s
o
f
c
o
n
f
r
o
n
tat
io
n
p
ar
ties
.
I
n
p
r
ac
tice,
th
e
L
a
n
ch
e
s
ter
m
o
d
el
is
u
s
ed
to
p
r
ed
ict
th
e
av
er
ag
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
e
f
ea
ted
an
d
u
n
d
ef
ea
ted
w
ar
u
n
it
s
in
ea
ch
g
r
o
u
p
at
an
y
g
i
v
en
ti
m
e.
T
h
e
d
is
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
o
f
t
h
is
m
o
d
el
i
s
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
th
e
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
elin
g
r
esu
lts
w
h
ile
r
ed
u
cin
g
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ac
t
o
r
s
o
f
o
p
p
o
s
in
g
v
ir
t
u
al
co
m
m
u
n
it
ie
s
i
n
SN
S.
T
h
e
L
o
tk
i
-
Vo
lter
r
a
m
o
d
el
(
o
r
th
e
“
p
r
ed
ato
r
-
p
r
e
y
”
m
o
d
el)
h
as
a
ls
o
g
ain
ed
w
id
e
p
o
p
u
lar
it
y
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
n
f
r
o
n
tatio
n
i
n
SNS
[
1
2
,
2
0
-
2
2
]
.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
d
escr
ib
es
a
p
o
p
u
latio
n
co
n
s
is
ti
n
g
o
f
t
w
o
in
ter
ac
ti
n
g
s
p
ec
ies.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
o
f
th
e
m
i
s
“
p
r
ed
ato
r
s
”,
in
th
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
–
“
p
r
e
y
s
”
d
ie
o
u
t,
w
h
ile
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
i
n
th
e
ab
s
e
n
ce
o
f
p
r
ed
ato
r
s
is
m
u
ltip
lied
e
x
te
n
s
i
v
el
y
i
n
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
w
it
h
t
h
e
la
w
o
f
Ma
lt
h
u
s
.
I
n
th
e
g
e
n
er
al
ca
s
e,
th
is
m
o
d
el
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ac
to
r
s
o
f
v
ir
tu
al
co
m
m
u
n
i
ties
i
n
S
NS
w
h
o
ar
e
ca
r
r
ier
s
o
r
f
o
llo
w
er
s
o
f
a
ce
r
tai
n
n
ar
r
ativ
e
o
r
f
o
r
m
alize
th
e
ac
to
r
s
’
i
n
t
er
ac
tio
n
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
L
o
t
k
i
-
Vo
lter
r
a
m
o
d
el
in
t
h
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
n
f
r
o
n
tatio
n
o
f
ac
to
r
s
'
v
ir
tu
a
l
c
o
m
m
u
n
itie
s
i
n
S
NS
i
s
li
m
i
te
d
o
n
l
y
to
its
ce
r
tain
asp
ec
t
s
an
d
,
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
ca
n
n
o
t f
o
r
m
alize
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ac
t
o
r
s
in
o
p
p
o
s
in
g
v
ir
tu
al
co
m
m
u
n
itie
s
.
Dif
f
er
en
t
ial
p
u
r
s
u
it
g
a
m
es
ar
e
also
u
s
ed
f
o
r
m
at
h
e
m
atica
l
d
escr
ip
tio
n
an
d
to
i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
ate
th
e
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
co
n
f
lictin
g
p
ar
ties
in
SNS
[
2
3
-
2
5
]
.
W
h
er
ea
s
,
t
w
o
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
f
ac
to
r
s
in
SNS
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
-
ca
tch
i
n
g
u
p
an
d
r
u
n
n
i
n
g
a
w
a
y
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
e
v
ir
t
u
al
ca
tc
h
i
n
g
-
u
p
co
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
o
f
ac
to
r
s
is
to
m
o
v
e
a
v
ec
to
r
to
a
g
i
v
en
s
et
i
n
th
e
s
h
o
r
test
p
er
io
d
o
f
ti
m
e,
a
n
d
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
e
r
u
n
n
i
n
g
-
a
w
a
y
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
is
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
s
u
ch
a
tr
a
n
s
itio
n
.
T
h
e
d
is
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
s
o
f
t
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ar
e
t
h
e
as
s
u
m
p
tio
n
t
h
at
th
e
b
eh
a
v
io
r
o
f
th
e
en
e
m
y
is
d
eter
m
in
i
s
tic
a
n
d
ea
c
h
g
r
o
u
p
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
a
w
ar
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
s
tr
ate
g
ies
o
f
ea
c
h
o
th
er
.
A
ls
o
,
d
if
f
er
en
t
ial
p
u
r
s
u
it
g
a
m
e
s
d
o
n
o
t
tak
e
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
t
h
e
r
is
k
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
w
it
h
s
o
cial
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
in
SNS,
a
n
d
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
al
s
ea
r
ch
ed
s
tr
ate
g
ies
u
s
e
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
in
d
e
x
o
r
cr
iter
io
n
.
A
co
m
m
o
n
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
o
f
th
e
s
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
f
o
r
m
alizi
n
g
a
n
d
in
v
es
tig
a
tin
g
t
h
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
co
n
f
r
o
n
tatio
n
o
f
v
ir
tu
a
l c
o
m
m
u
n
ities
in
SN
S is
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
o
f
it
s
d
escr
ip
tio
n
at
th
e
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
le
v
el
-
i
n
p
ar
tic
u
lar
,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ac
to
r
s
in
th
e
v
ir
t
u
al
co
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
.
T
h
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
w
ar
b
et
w
ee
n
U
k
r
ai
n
e
an
d
th
e
R
u
s
s
ia
n
Fed
er
atio
n
s
h
o
w
s
th
a
t
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
n
es
s
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
co
n
f
r
o
n
tatio
n
i
n
SN
S
i
s
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
b
y
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
u
p
p
o
r
ter
s
o
f
s
o
m
e
n
ar
r
ati
v
e
s
,
b
u
t
al
s
o
b
y
t
h
e
e
m
er
g
e
n
t
p
r
o
p
er
ties
an
d
s
y
n
er
g
i
s
tic
e
f
f
ec
ts
i
n
t
h
e
s
o
cial
en
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
t
h
at
a
f
f
ec
t
th
e
r
ea
l
s
o
cial
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
in
t
h
e
co
u
n
tr
y
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
m
o
d
els
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
n
f
r
o
n
tat
io
n
o
f
v
ir
t
u
al
co
m
m
u
n
it
ies
i
n
SN
S
m
u
s
t
tak
e
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
m
o
r
e
f
ac
to
r
s
t
h
an
th
e
ex
is
ti
n
g
m
o
d
els
.
A
l
s
o
,
th
e
p
r
ed
ato
r
-
p
r
ey
m
o
d
el
[
2
0
-
2
2
]
d
o
es
n
o
t
f
u
l
f
il
l
th
e
m
ai
n
co
n
d
itio
n
o
f
th
e
co
n
f
lic
t
-
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ac
to
r
s
in
SNS
r
e
m
ai
n
s
u
n
ch
an
g
ed
,
an
d
th
e
g
ain
o
f
o
n
e
v
ir
tu
a
l
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
m
u
s
t
b
e
eq
u
al
to
th
e
lo
s
s
o
f
an
o
th
er
.
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
co
m
p
lex
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
o
f
ac
to
r
s
’
in
ter
ac
tio
n
i
n
SNS
i
n
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
a
co
n
s
tan
t
h
id
d
en
f
lo
at
o
f
t
h
r
ea
ts
to
th
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
ec
u
r
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
tat
e,
a
p
r
o
m
is
i
n
g
a
r
ea
o
f
r
esear
ch
is
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
n
f
r
o
n
tat
io
n
o
f
eq
u
atio
n
s
’
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
in
t
h
e
m
at
h
e
m
atica
l
m
o
d
el
th
at
ta
k
e
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t:
ch
a
n
g
i
n
g
th
e
co
n
f
lic
t
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
ac
to
r
s
’
in
ter
ac
tio
n
i
n
v
ir
t
u
al
co
m
m
u
n
itie
s
;
g
r
o
w
in
g
i
n
t
h
e
lev
e
l
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
v
ir
tu
a
l
co
m
m
u
n
itie
s
’
ac
to
r
s
in
SNS;
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
Th
e
co
n
ce
p
tu
a
l m
o
d
el
o
f in
fo
r
ma
tio
n
co
n
fr
o
n
t
a
tio
n
o
f v
ir
tu
a
l c
o
mmu
n
ities
in
…
(
K
a
teryn
a
Mo
lo
d
etska
)
1045
s
p
en
d
in
g
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
co
n
d
u
ct
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
p
er
atio
n
s
i
n
S
NS
in
th
e
co
n
te
x
t
o
f
co
n
f
r
o
n
tatio
n
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
n
f
r
o
n
ta
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
e
s
o
f
v
ir
t
u
al
co
m
m
u
n
itie
s
’
ac
to
r
s
in
SNS
r
eq
u
ir
es
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
m
a
th
e
m
a
tical
m
o
d
els
th
at
w
il
l
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
r
ea
lizatio
n
o
f
th
e
co
n
f
li
ct
co
n
d
itio
n
ab
o
v
e.
T
h
is
,
in
t
u
r
n
,
f
u
r
t
h
er
m
ai
n
s
tr
ea
m
s
t
h
e
c
h
o
s
en
ar
ea
o
f
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
e
ar
ticle
is
to
d
ev
elo
p
a
u
n
i
f
ied
s
y
s
te
m
ic
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
u
al
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
n
f
r
o
n
ta
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
v
ir
t
u
al
co
m
m
u
n
itie
s
’
ac
to
r
s
i
n
SNS,
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
w
h
ich
w
ill
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
en
e
s
s
o
f
m
o
d
elin
g
th
e
co
n
f
lict
in
ter
ac
tio
n
i
n
t
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
s
p
ac
e.
2.
F
E
AT
U
RE
S O
F
ACTOR
S’
ANTA
G
O
NI
ST
I
C
I
N
T
E
RA
CT
I
O
N
O
F
O
P
P
O
SI
N
G
VI
RT
UA
L
CO
M
M
UNIT
I
E
S I
N
SNS
T
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
n
f
r
o
n
tatio
n
o
f
v
ir
t
u
al
co
m
m
u
n
itie
s
i
n
S
NS
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
to
d
is
s
e
m
i
n
ati
n
g
co
n
te
n
t
w
it
h
o
p
p
o
s
in
g
n
ar
r
ativ
e
s
o
f
o
p
en
o
r
h
id
d
en
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
to
g
ain
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
b
en
e
f
it
s
i
n
t
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
p
ac
e,
w
h
ic
h
w
il
l c
r
ea
te
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
f
o
r
f
u
r
t
h
er
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t a
n
d
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
m
en
t
o
f
n
e
w
ac
to
r
s
.
T
h
e
d
is
p
la
y
o
f
ac
to
r
s
’
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
n
f
r
o
n
tatio
n
i
n
SNS
i
s
,
i
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
,
t
h
e
a
n
t
ag
o
n
i
s
tic
co
n
f
l
ict
o
f
v
ir
t
u
al
c
o
m
m
u
n
itie
s
,
w
h
ic
h
ap
p
ea
r
s
as
a
r
esu
lt
o
f
ex
tr
em
e
ten
s
io
n
a
n
d
ag
g
r
a
v
atio
n
o
f
co
n
tr
ad
ictio
n
s
an
d
lead
s
to
ac
tiv
e
ac
tio
n
s
,
co
m
p
lica
tio
n
s
an
d
s
tr
u
g
g
les,
a
cc
o
m
p
a
n
ied
b
y
co
m
p
le
x
co
n
f
l
icts
o
f
i
n
ter
est
s
,
b
elief
s
,
a
m
b
iti
o
n
s
.
Def
ini
t
io
n
1
.
Th
e
a
n
ta
g
o
n
is
tic
co
n
flict
o
f
v
ir
t
u
al
co
m
m
u
n
it
ies
i
n
SNS
w
ill
b
e
ca
lled
t
h
e
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
co
m
m
u
n
it
ies
i
n
th
e
s
er
v
ices
’
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
p
ac
e,
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
i
n
tr
an
s
ig
e
n
ce
an
d
h
o
s
tili
t
y
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
m
a
n
d
d
is
p
la
y
ed
in
th
e
co
n
f
l
ict
o
f
id
eo
lo
g
ical,
p
o
liti
ca
l,
s
o
cial,
ec
o
n
o
m
ic,
r
elig
io
u
s
an
d
o
th
er
in
ter
est
s
.
Fro
m
t
h
e
g
a
m
e
t
h
eo
r
y
asp
ec
t
[
2
6
,
2
7
]
it
is
k
n
o
w
n
th
at
t
h
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
o
f
th
e
m
ath
e
m
at
ical
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
s
it
u
atio
n
s
u
c
h
as
a
g
a
m
e
a
r
e
th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
:
1
)
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
ar
ties
in
th
e
co
n
f
lict
i
s
tw
o
;
2
)
th
e
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
ac
to
r
s
i
n
SNS
is
c
h
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
u
n
ce
r
tai
n
t
y
as
s
o
ciate
d
w
i
th
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
s
ev
er
al
o
p
tio
n
s
f
o
r
ea
ch
p
ar
ticip
an
t;
3
)
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
(
v
a
r
ian
ce
s
)
in
t
h
e
i
n
ter
est
s
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
;
4
)
th
e
i
n
ter
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
o
f
t
h
e
ac
to
r
s
’
b
eh
av
io
r
,
s
i
n
ce
th
e
r
es
u
lt
o
b
t
ain
ed
b
y
ea
ch
o
f
th
e
m
d
ep
e
n
d
s
o
n
t
h
e
b
e
h
av
io
r
o
f
al
l
p
ar
ti
cip
an
ts
o
f
o
p
p
o
s
in
g
v
ir
tu
a
l
co
m
m
u
n
itie
s
;
5
)
t
h
e
ex
is
te
n
ce
o
f
th
e
b
eh
a
v
io
r
r
u
l
es
k
n
o
w
n
to
a
ll
ac
to
r
s
i
n
v
i
r
tu
al
co
m
m
u
n
itie
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
in
a
n
an
ta
g
o
n
i
s
tic
co
n
f
l
ict
o
f
ac
to
r
s
’
v
ir
tu
al
co
m
m
u
n
i
ties
in
SNS,
th
e
b
e
h
av
io
r
o
f
o
p
p
o
s
in
g
p
ar
ties
is
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
ze
d
b
y
th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
f
ea
t
u
r
es:
th
e
ac
to
r
s
’
f
u
n
ct
io
n
in
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
h
a
s
e
s
p
ac
es
–
p
h
y
s
ical,
ec
o
n
o
m
ic,
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
l,
cu
lt
u
r
al
an
d
o
th
er
s
;
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ac
to
r
s
in
o
n
e
v
ir
tu
al
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
is
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
t
h
e
s
ize
o
f
t
h
e
o
t
h
er
v
ir
t
u
al
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
,
an
d
t
h
e
g
ain
o
f
o
n
e
o
p
p
o
s
in
g
p
ar
t
y
is
eq
u
al
to
t
h
e
lo
s
s
o
f
an
o
th
er
.
T
h
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ac
to
r
s
in
v
ir
t
u
al
co
m
m
u
n
itie
s
is
co
n
s
ta
n
t;
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
i
n
g
o
f
o
n
e
v
ir
tu
a
l
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ac
to
r
s
w
h
o
ar
e
f
o
llo
w
er
s
an
d
id
ea
s
m
en
,
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
a
n
o
th
er
v
ir
tu
al
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
;
s
tr
ateg
ie
s
f
o
r
th
e
b
eh
a
v
io
r
o
f
ac
to
r
s
in
a
n
ta
g
o
n
is
tic
c
o
n
f
lic
t
ar
e:
ca
p
tu
r
e
(
attac
k
)
,
p
r
o
tect
(
d
ef
en
s
e)
,
an
d
co
u
n
ter
-
a
ttack
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
3.
T
H
E
CO
NC
E
P
T
U
AL
M
O
DE
L
E
SS
E
NC
E
O
F
I
NF
O
RM
AT
I
O
N
CO
NF
RO
N
T
A
T
I
O
N
I
N
VIRT
UA
L
CO
M
M
UNIT
I
E
S IN SN
S
T
h
e
m
at
h
e
m
atica
l
m
o
d
eli
n
g
o
f
co
n
f
lict
in
ter
ac
tio
n
[
1
5
,
2
8
]
is
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
l
y
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
o
f
w
ar
s
,
s
o
it
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
to
f
o
r
m
alize
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
o
f
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
w
ar
in
S
NS.
As
a
r
esu
lt
o
f
th
e
u
n
d
er
tak
e
n
s
tu
d
ie
s
th
e
co
n
c
ep
tu
al
m
o
d
el
o
f
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
o
f
an
tag
o
n
is
tic
in
ter
ac
tio
n
in
v
ir
t
u
al
co
m
m
u
n
itie
s
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
,
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
w
h
ic
h
lead
s
to
th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
s
tep
s
.
S
tep
1
.
F
o
r
ma
liz
a
tio
n
o
f
th
e
th
r
ee
-
la
ye
r
mo
d
el
o
f
in
fo
r
ma
tio
n
co
n
fr
o
n
ta
tio
n
in
S
N
S
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
an
tag
o
n
is
tic
in
ter
ac
tio
n
o
f
v
ir
t
u
al
co
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
ac
to
r
s
i
s
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
th
at
h
as t
h
r
ee
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
.
Def
ini
t
io
n
2
.
A
la
y
er
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
n
f
r
o
n
tat
io
n
m
o
d
e
l
o
f
v
ir
t
u
al
co
m
m
u
n
itie
s
i
n
S
NS
w
il
l
b
e
ca
lled
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
tial
eq
u
a
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
,
w
h
ic
h
d
escr
ib
es
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
asp
e
ct
o
f
s
u
c
h
in
te
r
ac
tio
n
in
th
e
S
N
S
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
p
ac
e.
Mo
d
el
la
ye
r
1
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
an
tag
o
n
is
tic
co
n
f
lict
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
c
h
ar
ac
t
er
is
tics
o
f
th
e
s
u
b
j
ec
t
ar
ea
–
th
e
p
h
ase
s
p
ac
e
in
w
h
ic
h
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
s
in
ter
ac
t.
T
h
e
co
n
f
lict
is
t
h
at
t
h
e
w
in
n
i
n
g
o
f
o
n
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
is
eq
u
al
to
th
e
lo
s
s
o
f
th
e
o
th
er
p
ar
ticip
an
t,
o
r
in
o
th
er
w
o
r
d
s
,
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
h
ase
s
p
ac
e
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
n
f
lict
o
f
o
n
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
is
r
elate
d
to
its
d
e
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
a
n
o
th
er
.
T
h
e
an
al
y
ze
d
la
y
er
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
s
o
f
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
t
w
o
v
ir
tu
a
l
co
m
m
u
n
itie
s
in
SNS
an
d
th
at
ar
e
in
an
t
ag
o
n
i
s
tic
co
n
f
lict
in
th
e
SN
S
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
p
ac
e.
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
t
h
e
w
i
n
n
in
g
o
f
o
n
e
v
ir
tu
a
l
co
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
i
s
eq
u
al
to
th
e
lo
s
s
o
f
a
n
o
th
er
.
T
h
e
ess
en
ce
o
f
t
h
e
w
i
n
n
in
g
o
r
lo
s
s
o
f
ea
ch
o
p
p
o
s
in
g
v
ir
tu
al
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
i
n
SNS
i
s
to
in
cr
e
ase
o
r
,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
l
y
,
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
i
ts
ac
to
r
s
.
Mo
d
el
la
ye
r
2
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
b
en
ef
it
s
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
n
f
li
ct
s
u
c
h
as
th
e
g
r
o
w
th
o
f
s
o
m
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
ass
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
co
n
f
lict.
T
h
e
w
in
n
i
n
g
m
o
d
el
ca
n
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
an
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
co
n
f
r
o
n
tat
io
n
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
co
n
f
lict
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
en
e
s
s
.
I
n
SN
S,
t
h
is
la
y
er
f
o
r
m
al
izes
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
0
:
1
0
4
3
-
1
0
5
2
1046
th
e
g
r
o
w
t
h
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
an
d
v
ir
tu
a
l
co
m
m
u
n
itie
s
as
a
r
esu
lt
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
co
n
f
r
o
n
tati
o
n
in
SNS,
an
d
i
s
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
t
h
e
to
tal
s
h
ar
e
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
p
ac
e
o
f
s
e
r
v
ices,
w
h
ic
h
w
ill
d
is
s
e
m
i
n
ate
co
n
te
n
t
o
f
d
ir
ec
ted
m
atter
b
y
ac
to
r
s
w
h
o
h
av
e
j
o
in
ed
th
i
s
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
.
T
h
en
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
iv
e
n
es
s
o
f
co
n
f
lict
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
in
t
h
e
SN
S
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
p
ac
e
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
th
e
ac
to
r
’
s
id
eo
lo
g
y
o
f
s
o
m
e
v
ir
t
u
al
co
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
,
t
h
at
is
w
h
y
it
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
an
d
d
is
s
e
m
i
n
ates
co
n
ten
t
w
i
th
its
d
ef
i
n
ed
n
ar
r
ativ
e
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
in
SN
S
a
m
o
n
g
i
n
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
ac
to
r
s
,
b
u
t
also
in
th
e
s
o
ciet
y
.
Mo
d
el
la
ye
r
3
is
th
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
f
ail
u
r
es
(
lo
s
s
)
f
r
o
m
i
n
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
co
n
f
r
o
n
ta
tio
n
i
n
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
g
r
o
w
i
n
g
o
f
s
o
m
e
e
x
p
en
d
it
u
r
e
–
r
elate
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
an
d
th
at
ac
co
m
p
a
n
ie
s
a
co
n
f
lict.
T
h
e
lo
s
s
m
o
d
el
ca
n
also
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
a
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
f
o
r
ass
ess
in
g
co
n
f
l
ict
co
o
p
er
atio
n
in
o
r
d
er
t
o
d
eter
m
in
e
t
h
e
f
u
n
ct
io
n
o
f
co
n
d
u
cti
n
g
th
e
co
n
f
r
o
n
tatio
n
’
s
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
.
I
n
t
h
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
f
lict
in
ter
ac
tio
n
o
f
v
ir
t
u
al
co
m
m
u
n
itie
s
i
n
SN
S,
th
is
m
o
d
el
la
y
er
d
eter
m
in
e
s
t
h
e
d
y
n
a
m
ics
o
f
r
eso
u
r
c
e
ex
p
en
d
it
u
r
e
s
f
o
r
i
n
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
o
p
er
atio
n
s
i
n
th
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
p
ac
e
o
f
s
er
v
ices.
I
t
is
k
n
o
w
n
t
h
at
co
n
d
u
ct
in
g
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
n
f
r
o
n
tatio
n
in
SNS
en
v
i
s
ag
e
s
th
e
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
m
en
t
o
f
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
–
h
u
m
a
n
,
m
o
n
e
y
,
tech
n
ical,
etc.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
o
f
t
h
is
asp
ec
t
w
ill
allo
w
to
m
ater
i
alize
a
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
t
h
e
v
ir
tu
al
co
m
m
u
n
itie
s
’
co
n
f
r
o
n
tat
io
n
.
S
tep
2
.
C
h
o
o
s
i
n
g
eq
u
a
tio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
f
lict
d
y
n
a
m
ics
in
te
r
ac
tio
n
o
f
v
ir
t
u
al
co
m
m
u
n
itie
s
i
n
SN
S.
C
h
o
o
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
ial
eq
u
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
f
lict
d
y
n
a
m
ics
is
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
f
o
r
s
t
u
d
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
ec
u
liar
ities
o
f
its
b
eh
av
io
r
in
th
e
SN
S
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
s
p
ac
e.
Dif
f
er
en
tia
l
eq
u
atio
n
s
m
u
s
t
m
ee
t
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
o
f
ad
eq
u
ac
y
an
d
in
cl
u
d
e
s
e
v
er
al
co
n
tr
o
l
p
a
r
a
m
eter
s
.
T
ab
le
1
s
u
m
m
ar
izes
th
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
ch
o
o
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
eq
u
atio
n
f
o
r
m
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
n
f
r
o
n
tatio
n
i
n
v
ir
tu
al
co
m
m
u
n
ities
.
T
ab
le
1
.
T
y
p
es o
f
co
n
f
lict d
y
n
a
m
ic
m
o
d
el
s
o
f
v
ir
t
u
al
co
m
m
u
n
i
tie
s
in
S
NS
T
h
e
d
y
n
a
mi
c
t
y
p
e
A
n
e
x
a
mp
l
e
o
f
t
h
e
mat
h
e
mat
i
c
a
l
mo
d
e
l
C
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
st
i
c
s
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
d
i
r
e
c
t
e
q
u
a
t
i
o
n
t
h
e
c
o
n
f
l
i
c
t
o
f
o
p
p
o
s
i
n
g
v
i
r
t
u
a
l
c
o
m
mu
n
i
t
i
e
s
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
s
g
r
a
d
u
a
l
l
y
,
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
w
i
n
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
l
o
si
n
g
r
a
t
e
s t
h
a
t
i
n
c
r
e
a
se
b
y
a
se
t
a
mo
u
n
t
a
t
t
h
e
same
t
i
me
i
n
t
e
r
v
a
l
s;
a
c
c
e
l
e
r
a
t
e
d
e
x
p
o
n
e
n
t
i
a
l
e
q
u
a
t
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
i
n
c
r
e
a
si
n
g
d
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
c
o
n
f
l
i
c
t
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
o
p
p
o
si
n
g
v
i
r
t
u
a
l
c
o
mm
u
n
i
t
i
e
s,
t
h
e
r
a
t
e
o
f
w
i
n
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
l
o
si
n
g
g
r
o
w
t
h
i
n
c
r
e
a
se
s
e
x
p
o
n
e
n
t
i
a
l
l
y
;
S
-
sh
a
p
e
d
l
o
g
i
st
i
c
e
q
u
a
t
i
o
n
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
s
t
h
e
r
a
p
i
d
g
r
o
w
t
h
,
r
e
sp
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
,
o
f
t
h
e
w
i
n
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
l
o
si
n
g
o
f
v
i
r
t
u
a
l
c
o
mm
u
n
i
t
i
e
s
a
t
t
h
e
b
e
g
i
n
n
i
n
g
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
c
o
n
f
r
o
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
,
f
o
l
l
o
w
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
a
c
c
e
l
e
r
a
t
e
d
sl
o
w
d
o
w
n
o
f
t
h
i
s
p
r
o
c
e
ss i
n
t
h
e
f
i
n
a
l
st
a
g
e
s,
a
n
d
a
f
u
r
t
h
e
r
a
sy
mp
t
o
t
i
c
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
t
o
so
me
l
e
v
e
l
4.
AN
E
XAM
P
L
E
AP
P
L
I
CA
T
I
O
N
O
F
T
H
E
CO
NC
E
P
T
U
AL
M
O
DE
L
W
e
ch
o
o
s
e
th
e
S
-
s
h
ap
ed
d
y
n
a
m
ic
t
y
p
e
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
n
f
r
o
n
tatio
n
o
f
v
ir
tu
a
l
co
m
m
u
n
iti
es’
ac
to
r
s
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
lo
g
is
tic
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
w
h
ic
h
co
m
b
i
n
es
ac
ce
ler
ate
d
g
r
o
w
t
h
in
t
h
e
i
n
itial
a
n
d
ac
ce
ler
ated
s
lo
w
d
o
w
n
in
th
e
f
i
n
al
p
h
ase
o
f
an
ta
g
o
n
i
s
tic
co
n
f
lict,
an
d
also
i
n
clu
d
e
s
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
[
2
9
–
3
0
]
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
allo
w
s
u
s
to
f
o
r
m
al
ize
th
e
co
n
f
lic
tin
g
in
ter
ac
tio
n
o
f
v
ir
tu
al
co
m
m
u
n
i
ties
i
n
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
a
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
d
if
f
er
e
n
tial
eq
u
atio
n
s
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
p
ar
a
m
etr
ic
r
ath
er
t
h
an
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
as
i
n
t
h
e
k
n
o
w
n
m
o
d
el
s
[
29
,
3
0
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
w
e
c
h
o
o
s
e
t
h
e
g
e
n
er
al
eq
u
atio
n
o
f
li
m
ited
g
r
o
w
t
h
as
t
h
e
eq
u
atio
n
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
co
n
f
lict
d
y
n
a
m
ics.
A
n
ex
p
r
es
s
io
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
g
en
er
al
eq
u
atio
n
o
f
li
m
ited
g
r
o
w
th
i
n
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
a
s
ec
o
n
d
-
o
r
d
er
n
o
n
l
in
ea
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
tial e
q
u
at
io
n
[
3
0
]
2
1
0
(
)
(
)
1
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
0
a
z
t
z
t
a
z
t
z
t
a
z
t
z
t
(
3
)
w
h
er
e
()
zt
–
is
th
e
in
v
est
ig
ated
v
a
lu
e;
2
a
,
1
a
,
0
a
–
a
r
e
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
t
h
at
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
v
ec
to
r
s
o
f
h
i
d
d
en
co
n
tr
o
l
o
v
er
ac
to
r
s
in
th
e
SNS
v
ir
tu
al
co
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
.
T
h
e
ch
o
ice
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
ial
(
3
)
is
d
u
e
to
its
ab
ilit
y
to
r
ef
lect
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
o
f
g
r
o
w
th
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
ied
q
u
a
n
ti
t
y
–
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
v
ir
t
u
al
co
m
m
u
n
it
ies,
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
an
d
ex
p
en
d
it
u
r
es,
u
p
to
a
g
i
v
en
th
r
es
h
o
ld
v
alu
e.
T
h
u
s
,
2
0
a
an
d
1
f
r
o
m
d
i
f
f
er
en
tial
(
3
)
w
e
o
b
tain
th
e
lo
g
i
s
tic
eq
u
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
g
e
n
er
alize
d
f
o
r
m
[
2
9
]
.
10
1
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
0
a
z
t
z
t
a
z
t
z
t
(
4
)
T
h
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
th
is
lo
g
i
s
tic
eq
u
atio
n
is
th
e
g
en
er
alize
d
lo
g
is
tic
g
r
o
w
t
h
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
i
n
v
esti
g
ated
q
u
an
tit
y
,
w
h
ich
d
escr
ib
es
t
h
e
an
tag
o
n
is
tic
co
n
f
lict
o
f
v
ir
tu
al
co
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
ac
to
r
s
i
n
SNS.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
th
r
ee
-
la
y
er
m
at
h
e
m
atica
l
m
o
d
el
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
n
f
r
o
n
ta
tio
n
o
f
ac
to
r
s
’
v
ir
tu
a
l
co
m
m
u
n
it
ies
in
SNS
b
ased
o
n
lo
g
is
tic
eq
u
atio
n
ta
k
es t
h
e
f
o
ll
o
w
i
n
g
f
o
r
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
Th
e
co
n
ce
p
tu
a
l m
o
d
el
o
f in
fo
r
ma
tio
n
co
n
fr
o
n
t
a
tio
n
o
f v
ir
tu
a
l c
o
mmu
n
ities
in
…
(
K
a
teryn
a
Mo
lo
d
etska
)
1047
1)
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t la
y
er
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
–
i
s
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ics o
f
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
t
w
o
v
ir
t
u
al
co
m
m
u
n
it
ies i
n
SNS
1
(
)
/
1
0
,
1
(
)
/
1
0
;
a
x
t
x
t
x
t
X
x
t
b
y
t
y
t
y
t
Y
y
t
(
5
)
w
h
er
e
a
,
b
–
ar
e
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
th
at
d
eter
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
lev
els
o
f
ac
to
r
s
’
cr
iti
ca
l
th
i
n
k
in
g
o
f
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
v
ir
t
u
al
co
m
m
u
n
itie
s
in
SNS;
,
–
ar
e
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
t
h
at
ch
ar
ac
ter
ize
th
e
r
ate
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
’
g
r
o
w
th
o
f
d
ir
ec
t
ed
co
n
ten
t
in
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
s
p
ac
es
o
f
o
p
p
o
s
in
g
v
ir
t
u
al
co
m
m
u
n
itie
s
;
X
,
Y
–
ar
e
th
e
li
m
it n
u
m
b
er
s
o
f
v
ir
t
u
a
l c
o
m
m
u
n
itie
s
in
S
NS.
Limit
a
tio
n
1
.
T
h
e
v
ar
iab
les’
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
eq
u
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
n
f
r
o
n
ta
tio
n
’
s
f
ir
s
t
la
y
er
m
o
d
el
o
f
ac
to
r
s
’
v
ir
t
u
al
co
m
m
u
n
iti
es
in
SNS
i
s
g
i
v
e
n
b
y
th
e
li
m
itatio
n
o
n
th
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
all
ac
to
r
s
(
)
(
)
(
)
x
t
y
t
N
t
c
o
n
st
,
X
Y
N
c
o
n
s
t
.
R
ema
r
k
1
.
T
h
e
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
o
f
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
s
o
f
v
ir
t
u
al
co
m
m
u
n
i
ties
o
f
ac
to
r
s
i
n
an
tag
o
n
is
ti
c
co
n
f
lic
t
in
ter
ac
tio
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
o
u
ter
i
m
p
lici
t c
o
n
tr
o
l is g
iv
e
n
b
y
t
h
e
f
o
l
lo
w
i
n
g
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
s
(
)
(
,
)
x
t
f
t
u
,
(
)
(
,
)
y
t
f
t
v
.
Limit
a
tio
n
2
.
T
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
n
f
r
o
n
tatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
v
ir
t
u
al
co
m
m
u
n
i
ties
i
n
SNS
i
s
m
o
d
eled
i
n
th
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
i
m
p
lic
it c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
ac
to
r
s
.
2)
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
lay
er
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
is
th
e
g
r
o
w
t
h
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
()
rt
an
d
()
st
o
f
v
ir
tu
al
co
m
m
u
n
itie
s
as a
r
esu
lt o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
n
f
r
o
n
t
atio
n
in
S
NS
1
(
)
/
1
0
,
1
(
)
/
1
0
;
c
r
t
r
t
r
t
R
r
t
d
s
t
s
t
s
t
S
s
t
(
6
)
w
h
er
e
c
,
d
–
ar
e
th
e
p
ar
a
m
et
er
s
th
at
d
eter
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
ac
to
r
s
’
r
e
s
is
ta
n
ce
o
f
o
n
e
v
ir
t
u
al
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
to
th
e
s
p
r
ea
d
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
n
ar
r
ativ
e
o
f
an
o
th
er
o
p
p
o
s
in
g
v
ir
tu
a
l
co
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
;
,
–
ar
e
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
th
a
t
ch
ar
ac
ter
ize
th
e
ac
ti
v
it
y
o
f
s
p
r
ea
d
in
g
b
y
v
ir
tu
al
co
m
m
u
n
itie
s
’
ac
to
r
s
t
h
at
h
av
e
b
ec
o
m
e
m
e
m
b
er
s
o
f
an
o
p
p
o
n
en
t
g
r
o
u
p
d
ef
i
n
ed
b
y
t
h
e
n
ar
r
ati
v
e
i
n
t
h
e
S
NS
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
p
ac
e;
R
,
S
–
ar
e
th
e
li
m
it
v
al
u
es
o
f
v
ir
tu
a
l c
o
m
m
u
n
it
y
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
i
n
SN
S.
R
ema
r
k
2
.
T
h
e
li
m
its
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
()
rt
an
d
()
st
o
f
v
ir
t
u
al
co
m
m
u
n
it
ies
d
ep
en
d
o
n
t
h
e
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
s
o
f
th
e
ac
to
r
s
’
n
u
m
b
er
.
I
n
s
i
m
p
l
e
ca
s
es,
w
e
co
n
f
i
n
e
o
u
r
s
el
v
e
s
to
a
lin
ea
r
d
ep
en
d
e
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
RX
,
.
SY
Limit
a
tio
n
3
.
T
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
t
o
f
a
co
n
s
tan
t
s
u
m
o
f
t
h
e
v
ir
tu
al
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
s
f
o
r
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
la
y
er
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el
d
o
es
n
o
t
d
is
s
e
m
i
n
ate.
T
h
is
i
s
d
u
e
to
th
e
n
o
n
-
d
eter
m
i
n
is
t
ic
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
th
e
ac
to
r
s
,
w
h
ich
i
s
d
ef
i
n
ed
b
y
t
h
e
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ics
o
f
t
h
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
cr
ea
tio
n
an
d
p
u
b
licatio
n
o
f
th
e
co
n
te
n
t o
f
ea
c
h
s
er
v
ice
u
s
e
r
.
3)
T
h
e
th
ir
d
la
y
er
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
e
l
is
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
d
y
n
a
m
ic
s
’
ex
p
en
d
it
u
r
es
f
o
r
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
n
f
r
o
n
tatio
n
in
SN
S
1
(
)
/
1
0
,
1
(
)
/
1
0
;
g
p
t
p
t
p
t
P
p
t
h
q
t
q
t
q
t
Q
q
t
(
7
)
w
h
er
e
g
,
h
–
ar
e
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
t
h
at
d
ef
i
n
e
t
h
e
co
s
t
s
o
f
v
ir
tu
al
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
p
r
o
tect
ac
to
r
s
f
r
o
m
o
u
ter
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
s
an
d
m
a
in
ta
in
th
eir
n
u
m
b
er
s
;
,
–
is
th
e
in
ten
s
it
y
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
’
ex
p
en
d
it
u
r
es
f
o
r
ca
r
r
y
i
n
g
o
u
t
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
p
er
atio
n
s
i
n
s
er
v
ice
s
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
attr
ac
t
n
e
w
ac
to
r
s
;
P
,
Q
–
is
t
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
re
s
o
u
r
ce
s
allo
ca
ted
f
o
r
co
n
d
u
c
tin
g
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
co
n
f
r
o
n
tatio
n
to
v
ir
tu
al
co
m
m
u
n
ities
.
5.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
T
o
f
o
r
m
alize
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
s
tr
ate
g
ies
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
n
f
r
o
n
ta
ti
o
n
o
f
ac
to
r
s
in
SNS,
let
u
s
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
e
th
e
m
o
tio
n
(
5
)
in
to
t
w
o
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
t
h
at
r
ef
lect
t
h
e
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
v
ir
t
u
al
co
m
m
u
n
ities
o
f
th
e
co
n
f
l
ict
p
ar
ticip
an
t
s
:
t
h
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
eq
u
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
t
h
e
v
ir
t
u
al
co
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
1
(
V
C
1
)
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ac
to
r
s
o
f
th
i
s
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
is
ca
lc
u
lated
,
an
d
t
h
e
o
th
er
–
is
d
ef
in
ed
b
y
t
h
e
lef
to
v
er
p
r
in
cip
l
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
0
:
1
0
4
3
-
1
0
5
2
1048
1
1
(
1
/
)
/
(
1
)
,
.
k
k
k
k
x
x
X
a
x
x
Y
N
X
(
8
)
T
h
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
eq
u
atio
n
o
f
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
t
h
e
v
ir
t
u
al
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
2
(
VC
2
)
,
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ac
to
r
s
o
f
t
h
i
s
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
is
ca
lc
u
lated
,
an
d
t
h
e
o
th
er
–
is
d
ef
i
n
ed
b
y
th
e
le
f
to
v
er
p
r
in
cip
le,
ca
lcu
late
i
n
a
s
i
m
ilar
w
a
y
.
A
tta
ck
a
n
d
d
efen
s
e
s
tr
a
teg
ies.
W
e
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
s
itu
a
tio
n
w
h
er
e
VC
1
co
n
d
u
ct
s
an
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ca
m
p
aig
n
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
its
s
ize
b
y
attr
ac
ti
n
g
s
o
m
e
o
f
VC
2
'
s
ac
to
r
s
.
T
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ac
to
r
s
VC
1
at
th
e
ex
p
e
n
s
e
o
f
VC
2
p
ar
ticip
an
t
s
i
s
r
e
f
lecte
d
in
th
e
m
o
d
el
b
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
v
al
u
e.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
ca
lc
u
latio
n
s
m
a
d
e
in
th
e
tab
le
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
b
ased
o
n
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
(
8
)
ar
e
p
r
esen
te
d
in
Fig
u
r
e
1.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
ch
an
g
e
i
n
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
v
ir
t
u
al
co
m
m
u
n
ities
a
t th
e
cr
iticalit
y
le
v
els o
f
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
th
e
co
n
te
n
t b
y
ac
to
r
s
: 1
–
; 2
–
; 3
–
0
,
2
ab
Fo
r
th
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
,
th
e
n
o
r
m
alize
d
v
alu
e
s
o
f
th
e
i
n
itial
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ac
to
r
s
,
w
h
ich
ar
e
0
12
x
,
0
8
y
an
d
0
20
n
ar
e
u
s
ed
.
A
t
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
t
i
m
e,
it
is
ac
ce
p
ted
t
h
at
th
e
r
ate
o
f
in
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
in
th
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
p
ac
es
o
f
o
p
p
o
s
in
g
v
ir
tu
al
co
m
m
u
n
itie
s
i
s
0
,
5
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
to
tal
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
co
n
ten
t
o
f
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ities
.
F
ig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
a
s
a
r
esu
l
t
o
f
t
h
e
at
tack
,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
V
C
1
in
c
r
ea
s
es
an
d
g
o
e
s
to
th
e
li
m
it
s
19
X
,
an
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
i
n
VC
2
d
e
cr
ea
s
es
an
d
g
o
es
to
th
e
li
m
it
s
1
Y
co
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
.
T
h
e
m
e
m
b
er
s
o
f
th
e
v
ir
t
u
al
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
m
a
y
o
p
p
o
s
e
th
e
s
p
r
ea
d
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
ten
t
o
f
d
ir
ec
ted
m
atter
i
n
t
h
e
SN
S
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
p
ac
e
i
n
t
h
e
co
n
te
x
t
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
n
f
r
o
n
tatio
n
.
Su
c
h
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
ar
e
r
elate
d
to
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
t
h
e
p
ar
a
m
et
er
s
o
f
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
la
y
er
m
o
d
el
(
5
)
a
an
d
b
w
h
ich
d
e
f
i
n
e
t
h
e
le
v
els
o
f
ac
to
r
s
’
cr
itical
th
in
k
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
v
ir
tu
al
co
m
m
u
n
i
ties
.
I
n
t
u
r
n
,
th
e
g
r
o
w
t
h
o
f
th
e
ir
v
al
u
es
s
lo
w
s
th
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
r
ea
ch
i
n
g
a
s
y
m
p
to
ticall
y
t
h
e
li
m
its
o
f
th
e
v
ir
t
u
al
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
b
y
v
ar
y
in
g
t
h
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
a
an
d
b
o
f
th
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
tia
l
eq
u
atio
n
s
’
s
y
s
te
m
(
5
)
,
th
e
y
m
o
d
el
o
p
er
atio
n
s
to
p
r
o
tect
th
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
p
ac
e
o
f
th
e
v
ir
t
u
al
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
an
ta
g
o
n
i
s
tic
co
n
f
lic
t b
et
w
e
en
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
f
ac
to
r
s
.
T
o
m
o
d
el
th
e
g
r
o
w
t
h
o
f
VC
1
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
o
n
th
e
b
asi
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
la
y
er
m
o
d
el
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
n
f
r
o
n
tat
io
n
i
n
v
ir
t
u
al
co
m
m
u
n
it
ies,
w
e
w
r
ite
a
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
tial
(
6
)
i
n
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
e
x
p
r
ess
io
n
(
8
)
.
T
h
e
n
o
r
m
alize
d
v
al
u
es
o
f
i
n
d
ex
es
h
av
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
.
W
e
s
u
p
p
o
s
e
th
at
t
h
e
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
v
al
u
es
f
o
r
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
s
a
n
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
o
f
V
C
1
an
d
V
C
2
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
b
y
th
e
l
in
ea
r
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
as
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
RX
,
SY
.
I
n
th
i
s
ca
s
e,
th
e
i
n
itial
v
al
u
e
o
f
t
h
e
V
C
1
v
o
l
u
m
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
th
a
t
h
as
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
a
tt
ac
k
o
n
VC
2
eq
u
als
(
0)
1
r
,
an
d
th
e
th
r
es
h
o
ld
v
al
u
es
ar
e
12
R
(
in
itial)
an
d
19
R
(
f
in
al)
.
T
h
e
in
iti
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
v
al
u
e
f
o
r
VC
2
is
(
0)
1
s
,
an
d
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
li
m
i
ts
ar
e
8
S
(
in
itial)
an
d
1
S
(
f
in
al)
.
As
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
,
t
h
e
r
es
u
lt
o
f
an
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
attac
k
is
t
h
at
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
o
f
V
C
1
g
r
o
w
an
d
g
o
to
th
e
li
m
it
o
f
19
R
u
n
i
ts
.
I
n
th
i
s
ca
s
e,
th
e
r
ate
o
f
VC
1
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
’
g
r
o
w
t
h
at
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
V
C
2
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
its
o
p
p
o
s
itio
n
,
th
e
q
u
an
tit
y
o
f
w
h
ic
h
is
s
e
t
b
y
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
v
al
u
es
o
p
p
o
s
in
g
to
t
h
e
n
ar
r
ati
v
e
s
p
r
ea
d
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
f
r
o
n
tati
o
n
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
i
n
its
S
NS
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
p
ac
e.
T
h
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
a
s
s
u
m
e
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
o
f
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
ac
ti
v
it
y
o
f
a
ce
r
tai
n
n
ar
r
ativ
e
b
y
ac
to
r
s
,
w
h
ic
h
h
av
e
b
ee
n
r
ed
is
tr
ib
u
ted
to
v
ir
tu
a
l c
o
m
m
u
n
itie
s
af
ter
th
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
attac
k
,
ar
e
lik
e
0
,
6
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
Th
e
co
n
ce
p
tu
a
l m
o
d
el
o
f in
fo
r
ma
tio
n
co
n
fr
o
n
t
a
tio
n
o
f v
ir
tu
a
l c
o
mmu
n
ities
in
…
(
K
a
teryn
a
Mo
lo
d
etska
)
1049
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
ch
an
g
e
o
f
V
C
1
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
af
ter
t
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
a
t
io
n
attac
k
:
1
–
12
R
,
0
c
; 2
–
19
R
,
0
,
2
c
; 3
–
19
R
,
0
,
1
c
;
4
–
19
R
,
0
c
Fig
u
r
e
3
p
r
o
v
es
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
’
d
y
n
a
m
ics
o
f
V
C
2
,
w
h
ic
h
h
a
s
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
atta
ck
i
n
SNS
.
As
a
r
es
u
lt
o
f
ca
p
tu
r
i
n
g
V
C
1
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
V
C
2
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
ar
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
an
d
as
y
m
p
to
ticall
y
d
ir
ec
ted
to
th
e
p
r
ed
eter
m
in
ed
li
m
it
s
.
T
h
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
r
ate
o
f
V
C
2
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
i
s
d
ef
in
ed
b
y
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
its
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
'
r
esis
ta
n
ce
,
w
h
ic
h
is
g
ai
n
in
g
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
v
a
lu
e.
C
o
u
n
ter
-
a
tta
ck
in
g
s
tr
a
teg
y
.
T
h
e
ess
en
ce
o
f
ca
r
r
y
i
n
g
o
u
t
a
co
u
n
ter
-
attac
k
s
tr
at
eg
y
d
u
r
in
g
an
a
n
ta
g
o
n
is
tic
co
n
f
l
ict
i
n
th
e
SNS
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
p
ac
e
i
s
th
at
VC
2
,
a
f
ter
r
ed
u
ci
n
g
it
s
s
ize
as
a
r
es
u
lt
o
f
an
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
attac
k
b
y
V
C
1
,
s
tar
ts
a
co
u
n
ter
attac
k
,
wh
ich
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
it
s
n
u
m
b
er
to
a
g
iv
en
v
a
lu
e
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
g
r
o
w
i
n
g
o
f
its
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
e
n
o
r
m
al
ized
q
u
an
ti
ties
o
f
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
ied
v
alu
es
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
ca
lc
u
latio
n
s
.
W
e
a
s
s
u
m
e
t
h
at
at
th
e
m
o
m
e
n
t o
f
co
u
n
ter
-
attac
k
i
n
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
s
p
ac
e,
th
e
i
n
it
ial
v
alu
e
o
f
VC
2
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
eq
u
als
(
0)
1
s
,
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
co
u
n
ter
-
attac
k
is
to
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
g
r
ad
u
al
l
y
t
h
e
av
ailab
l
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
th
e
f
i
n
al
li
m
it
s
9.
S
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
s
o
f
VC
2
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
af
ter
an
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
attac
k
o
n
it:
1
–
8
S
,
0
d
; 2
–
1
S
,
0
,
2
d
; 3
–
1
S
,
0
,
1
d
;
4
–
1
S
,
0
d
As
it
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
,
as
a
r
esu
lt
o
f
t
h
e
co
u
n
ter
att
ac
k
,
VC
2
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
r
etu
r
n
s
t
h
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
its
o
w
n
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
b
e
f
o
r
e
th
e
b
eg
in
n
i
n
g
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
n
f
r
o
n
tatio
n
8
S
,
b
u
t
al
s
o
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
it
u
p
to
9
S
.
T
h
e
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
r
es
u
lt
s
o
f
m
o
d
elin
g
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
co
n
f
r
o
n
tatio
n
o
f
t
w
o
v
ir
t
u
al
co
m
m
u
n
itie
s
i
n
SN
S
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
m
o
d
el
allo
w
s
u
s
to
d
r
a
w
t
h
e
f
o
ll
o
w
i
n
g
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
.
Firstl
y
,
th
e
th
r
ee
-
la
y
er
m
o
d
e
l
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
0
:
1
0
4
3
-
1
0
5
2
1050
(
5
)
–
(
7
)
allo
w
s
to
co
n
s
id
er
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
th
e
ch
a
n
g
e
i
n
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
v
ir
tu
a
l
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
ac
to
r
s
w
h
o
ar
e
i
n
an
tag
o
n
is
tic
co
n
f
lict
in
SNS,
b
u
t
also
th
e
r
ed
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
b
etw
ee
n
th
e
m
i
n
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
c
o
n
f
r
o
n
ti
n
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
o
f
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
s
p
ac
e
th
e
s
er
v
ice
an
d
t
h
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
s
o
f
s
p
en
d
in
g
m
o
n
e
y
,
h
u
m
a
n
a
n
d
tec
h
n
ica
l
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
f
o
r
d
ir
ec
t
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
co
n
f
r
o
n
tat
io
n
.
Seco
n
d
l
y
,
t
h
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
’
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ti
al
eq
u
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
(
5
)
–
(
7
)
allo
w
s
to
ta
k
e
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
t
h
e
b
eh
av
io
r
p
ec
u
liar
ities
o
f
t
h
e
v
ir
t
u
al
co
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
ac
to
r
s
w
h
il
e
co
n
d
u
cti
n
g
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
n
f
r
o
n
tatio
n
an
d
ch
a
n
g
i
n
g
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
p
ac
e
o
f
th
e
s
e
r
v
ices
th
e
m
s
elv
e
s
.
I
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
,
th
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
m
e
m
b
er
s
to
tak
e
a
cr
itical
v
ie
w
o
f
t
h
e
o
p
p
o
s
in
g
p
ar
ty
's
n
ar
r
ati
v
e,
th
eir
p
u
b
li
s
h
in
g
ac
tiv
it
y
i
n
S
NS,
t
h
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
’
e
x
p
en
d
it
u
r
es
to
p
r
o
tect
t
h
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
p
ac
e
o
f
th
eir
o
wn
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
,
a
n
d
s
o
o
n
.
T
h
ir
d
l
y
,
th
e
w
o
r
k
ed
o
u
t
co
n
ce
p
t
u
a
l
m
o
d
el
allo
w
s
u
s
to
e
x
p
lo
r
e
th
e
p
ec
u
liar
it
ies
o
f
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
tr
ate
g
ie
s
u
s
e
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
s
t
r
u
g
g
le
i
n
v
ir
t
u
al
c
o
m
m
u
n
itie
s
an
d
t
h
eir
co
m
b
in
atio
n
s
.
A
t
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e,
it
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
s
elec
t
th
e
o
p
tim
a
l
s
tr
ateg
y
,
ex
tr
ap
o
late
th
e
co
n
f
lict
d
y
n
a
m
ics
o
f
th
e
ac
to
r
s
’
co
m
m
u
n
itie
s
in
th
e
S
NS
i
n
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
s
p
ac
e
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
m
ea
s
u
r
es
f
o
r
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
i
v
e
th
r
ea
t
s
co
u
n
ter
ac
tio
n
to
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
s
ec
u
r
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
tate.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
ch
an
g
e
i
n
VC
2
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
as a
r
es
u
lt o
f
co
u
n
ter
attac
k
:
1
–
8
S
,
0
d
; 2
–
1
S
,
0
,
2
d
; 3
–
1
S
,
0
,
1
d
; 4
–
1
S
,
0
d
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
Fo
r
th
e
f
ir
s
t
ti
m
e,
a
co
n
ce
p
t
u
a
l
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
co
n
f
r
o
n
tatio
n
m
o
d
el
o
f
ac
to
r
s
o
f
v
ir
tu
al
co
m
m
u
n
it
ies
in
SNS
h
as
b
ee
n
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
,
w
h
ich
allo
w
s
to
tak
e
i
n
to
ac
co
u
n
t
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
th
e
q
u
an
titati
v
e
c
h
an
g
e
o
f
ac
to
r
s
in
co
m
m
u
n
itie
s
,
b
u
t
also
th
e
r
ed
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
th
e
r
ec
ei
v
ed
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
o
f
th
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
p
a
ce
an
d
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
co
n
d
u
cti
n
g
t
h
e
co
n
f
r
o
n
tatio
n
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
p
o
in
t
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
c
ep
t
lies
in
t
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
an
d
s
p
ec
ializatio
n
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
ac
to
r
s
’
b
eh
av
io
r
i
n
t
h
e
co
n
te
x
t
o
f
a
n
tag
o
n
is
tic
co
n
f
lic
t
i
n
S
NS
a
cr
o
s
s
th
e
la
y
er
s
to
d
escr
ib
e
ce
r
tain
asp
ec
ts
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
n
f
r
o
n
tatio
n
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
la
y
er
m
o
d
el
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ics
o
f
th
e
ac
to
r
s
’
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
t
w
o
v
i
r
tu
al
co
m
m
u
n
i
ties
i
n
SN
S
th
at
ar
e
in
an
ta
g
o
n
i
s
tic
co
n
f
lict
in
th
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
p
ac
e.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
lay
er
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
m
alize
s
t
h
e
g
r
o
w
t
h
o
f
v
ir
t
u
al
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
r
eso
u
r
c
es
as
a
r
esu
l
t
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
n
f
r
o
n
tatio
n
i
n
SNS.
T
h
e
th
ir
d
o
n
e
d
eter
m
in
es
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ics
o
f
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
ex
p
en
d
it
u
r
es
f
o
r
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
n
f
r
o
n
tatio
n
i
n
SNS.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
s
ep
ar
ates
m
o
d
els
t
h
at
d
escr
ib
e
co
n
f
li
ct
in
ter
ac
tio
n
f
r
o
m
m
o
d
el
s
th
at
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
w
in
n
in
g
s
an
d
lo
s
s
es
o
f
p
ar
ties
as
a
r
esu
lt
o
f
ac
to
r
s
’
in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
co
n
f
r
o
n
tat
io
n
i
n
SNS.
T
h
e
m
o
d
els
d
e
s
cr
ib
in
g
th
e
co
n
f
l
ict
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
o
f
v
ir
tu
al
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
ac
to
r
s
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
m
o
d
el
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
p
er
atio
n
s
in
S
NS
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
en
e
s
s
o
f
co
u
n
ter
ac
tin
g
t
h
r
ea
ts
to
th
e
s
ta
te
's
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
ec
u
r
it
y
.
T
h
e
s
ep
ar
atio
n
o
f
th
r
ee
la
y
e
r
s
i
n
th
e
m
o
d
el
ar
r
an
g
e
s
th
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
n
ee
d
f
o
r
th
e
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
ad
d
itio
n
al
f
u
n
ctio
n
all
y
d
ep
en
d
en
t
ele
m
e
n
ts
,
a
n
d
to
r
e
f
lect
t
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
,
t
h
e
p
ar
a
m
e
tr
ic
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
ar
e
e
n
o
u
g
h
.
T
h
is
allo
w
s
f
o
r
f
u
r
t
h
er
s
t
u
d
ies to
co
n
s
id
er
t
h
e
d
y
n
a
m
ics o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
n
f
r
o
n
tatio
n
in
v
ir
t
u
al
co
m
m
u
n
itie
s
o
n
th
e
b
asis
o
f
a
d
ev
elo
p
ed
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
m
o
d
el
w
i
th
p
ar
a
m
etr
ic
co
n
t
r
o
l
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
Th
e
co
n
ce
p
tu
a
l m
o
d
el
o
f in
fo
r
ma
tio
n
co
n
fr
o
n
t
a
tio
n
o
f v
ir
tu
a
l c
o
mmu
n
ities
in
…
(
K
a
teryn
a
Mo
lo
d
etska
)
1051
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
R.
S
h
a
il
e
n
d
ra
,
e
t
a
l
.
“
S
o
c
ial
n
e
t
w
o
rk
se
c
u
rit
y
:
Iss
u
e
s,
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s,
th
re
a
ts,
a
n
d
so
lu
ti
o
n
s,”
In
fo
r
ma
ti
o
n
sc
ien
c
e
s
,
v
o
l.
4
2
1
,
p
p
.
43
–
6
9
,
2
0
1
7
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
in
s.
2
0
1
7
.
0
8
.
0
6
3
.
[2
]
S.
Ye
v
se
iev
,
O.
Ko
ro
l
a
n
d
H.
K
o
ts,
“
Co
n
str
u
c
ti
o
n
o
f
h
y
b
rid
se
c
u
r
it
y
s
y
ste
m
s
b
a
se
d
o
n
th
e
c
ry
p
to
-
c
o
d
e
stru
c
t
u
re
s
a
n
d
f
law
e
d
c
o
d
e
s
,
”
Ea
ste
rn
-
E
u
ro
p
e
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
n
ter
p
rise
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
,
v
o
l.
4
/
9
(8
8
),
p
p
.
4
–
20
,
2
0
1
7
.
[3
]
L
.
Y.
Hu
a
n
g
,
Y.
J.
Hs
ieh
a
n
d
Y.
W
u
,
“
G
ra
ti
f
i
c
a
ti
o
n
s an
d
so
c
ial
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
e
rv
ice
u
sa
g
e
:
T
h
e
m
e
d
iati
n
g
ro
le o
f
o
n
li
n
e
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
,
”
In
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
&
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
,
v
o
l.
5
1
(
6
),
p
p
.
7
7
4
–
7
8
2
,
2
0
1
4
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
im
.
2
0
1
4
.
0
5
.
0
0
4
.
[
4
]
Y.
S
e
o
,
Y
.
K
i
m
,
E
.
L
e
e
a
n
d
D.
B
a
i
k
,
“
P
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
i
z
e
d
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
e
r
s
y
s
t
e
m
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
f
r
i
e
n
d
s
h
i
p
s
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
i
n
s
o
c
i
a
l
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
s
,
”
E
x
p
e
r
t
S
y
s
t
e
m
s
w
i
t
h
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
6
9
,
p
p
.
135
-
1
4
8
,
2
0
1
7
.
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
e
s
w
a
.
2
0
1
6
.
1
0
.
0
2
4
.
[5
]
O.
T
ra
c
h
a
n
d
A
.
P
e
les
h
c
h
y
sh
y
n
,
“
F
u
n
c
ti
o
n
a
l
-
n
e
tw
o
rk
m
o
d
e
l
o
f
t
a
sk
s
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
th
e
v
irt
u
a
l
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
ies
’
li
f
e
c
y
c
le d
irec
ti
o
n
s,”
in
C
o
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
s a
n
d
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
(
CS
IT
)
,
p
p
.
1
0
8
–
1
1
0
,
2
0
1
6
.
[6
]
Ye
.
M
a
g
d
a
,
“
Hy
b
rid
W
a
r:
S
u
rv
iv
e
a
n
d
W
in
,
”
(in
Uk
ra
in
ian
).
Ky
iv
,
Uk
ra
in
e
:
V
iv
a
t
P
u
b
li
s
h
in
g
,
2
0
1
5
.
[7
]
R.
Hry
sh
c
h
u
k
a
n
d
Yu
.
Da
n
y
k
,
“
Cy
b
e
rs
e
c
u
rity f
u
n
d
a
me
n
ta
ls
,
”
(in
U
k
ra
in
ian
).
Zh
y
to
m
y
r,
Uk
r
a
in
e
:
Zh
NA
U
,
2
0
1
6
.
[8
]
V
.
K
h
o
r
o
sh
k
o
a
n
d
Yu
.
Kh
o
k
h
lac
h
o
v
a
,
“
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
w
a
r
f
a
r
e
.
M
e
d
ia
a
s
a
n
in
stru
m
e
n
t
o
f
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
in
f
lu
e
n
c
e
o
n
so
c
iety
.
P
a
rt
1
,
”
(i
n
Uk
ra
in
ian
)
,
B
e
zp
e
k
a
in
fo
rm
a
tsii
,
v
o
l.
2
2
(
3
),
p
p
.
2
8
3
–
2
8
8
,
2
0
1
6
.
[9
]
A.
P
e
les
c
h
y
sh
y
n
,
Z.
Ho
lu
b
a
n
d
I
.
Ho
lu
b
,
“
M
e
th
o
d
s
o
f
re
a
l
-
ti
m
e
d
e
tec
ti
n
g
m
a
n
ip
u
latio
n
i
n
o
n
li
n
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
ies
,
”
in
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
s a
n
d
I
n
fo
rm
a
t
i
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
(
CS
IT
)
,
p
p.
1
5
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
0
]
R.
Hr
y
sh
c
h
u
k
a
n
d
K.
M
o
lo
d
e
tsk
a
-
Hr
y
n
h
c
h
u
k
,
“
M
e
th
o
d
o
l
o
g
ica
l
f
o
u
n
d
a
t
io
n
o
f
sta
te’
s
in
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
se
c
u
rit
y
in
so
c
ial
n
e
tw
o
rk
in
g
se
r
v
ice
s
in
c
o
n
d
it
i
o
n
s
o
f
h
y
b
rid
w
a
r,
”
In
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
&
S
e
c
u
rity:
An
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
,
v
o
l.
4
1
,
p
p
.
5
5
–
7
3
,
2
0
1
8
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
1
0
.
1
1
6
1
0
/i
sij
.
4
1
0
5
.
[1
1
]
R.
Hry
sh
c
h
u
k
,
K.
M
o
l
o
d
e
t
sk
a
a
n
d
Y
u
.
S
e
ro
v
,
“
M
e
th
o
d
o
f
i
m
p
ro
v
in
g
th
e
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
se
c
u
rit
y
o
f
v
irt
u
a
l
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
ies
in
so
c
ial
n
e
tw
o
rk
i
n
g
se
rv
ic
e
s,”
in
P
ro
c
.
1
st
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
W
o
rk
sh
o
p
Co
n
tro
l,
O
p
ti
miza
ti
o
n
a
n
d
An
a
lytic
a
l
Pr
o
c
e
ss
in
g
o
f
S
o
c
ia
l
Ne
two
rk
s
,
v
o
l.
2
3
9
2
,
p
p
.
2
3
–
4
1
,
2
0
1
9
.
[
On
l
i
n
e
]
,
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
ttp
://ceu
r
-
w
s
.
o
r
g
/Vo
l
-
2
3
9
2
/p
ap
er
3
.
p
d
f
[1
2
]
R.
Hry
sh
c
h
u
k
a
n
d
K.
M
o
lo
d
e
ts
k
a
,
“
S
y
n
e
rg
e
ti
c
Co
n
tro
l
o
f
S
o
c
ial
Ne
t
w
o
rk
in
g
S
e
rv
ice
s
Ac
to
rs’
In
tera
c
ti
o
n
s
,
”
in
Rec
e
n
t
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
s In
S
y
ste
ms
,
C
o
n
tro
l
A
n
d
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
5
4
3
,
p
p
.
3
4
-
4
2
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
3
]
A.
P
e
les
h
c
h
y
sh
y
n
,
V
.
Vu
s,
S
.
A
lb
o
ta,
a
n
d
O.
M
a
rk
o
v
e
ts,
“
A
F
o
rm
a
l
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
to
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
th
e
Ch
a
ra
c
teristics
o
f
Us
e
rs
o
f
S
o
c
ial
Ne
t
w
o
rk
s
Re
g
a
rd
in
g
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
e
c
u
rit
y
Iss
u
e
s,”
in
Hu
Z.
,
P
e
to
u
k
h
o
v
S
.
,
He
M
.
(
e
d
s)
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
s
in
Arti
fi
c
ia
l
S
y
ste
ms
fo
r
M
e
d
icin
e
a
n
d
E
d
u
c
a
t
io
n
II
.
AIM
EE
2
0
1
8
.
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
s
in
In
tell
ig
e
n
t
S
y
ste
ms
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
S
p
rin
g
e
r,
C
h
a
m
,
v
o
l.
9
0
2
,
p
p
.
4
8
5
–
4
9
4
,
2
0
2
0
.
[1
4
]
A.
P
e
les
h
c
h
y
sh
y
n
,
O.
M
a
rk
o
v
e
ts,
V
.
Vu
s
a
n
d
S.
A
lb
o
ta
,
“
Id
e
n
ti
fy
in
g
sp
e
c
if
ic
ro
les
o
f
u
se
rs
o
f
so
c
ia
l
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
a
n
d
th
e
ir
in
f
lu
e
n
c
e
m
e
th
o
d
s
,”
i
n
Pro
c
.
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
s a
n
d
I
n
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
,
CS
I
T
2
0
1
8
,
p
p.
39
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
5
]
G
.
M
ü
n
k
ler
,
“
Tw
e
n
t
y
-
f
irst
Ce
n
tu
ry
W
a
r
s
,
”
(in
Ru
ss
ian
),
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
t
h
e
Red
Cr
o
ss
,
p
p
.
7
–
24
,
2
0
0
3
.
[1
6
]
J.
S
trau
b
,
“
M
u
tu
a
l
a
ss
u
re
d
d
e
str
u
c
ti
o
n
in
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
,
in
f
lu
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
c
y
b
e
r
wa
r
f
a
re
:
Co
m
p
a
rin
g
,
c
o
n
tras
ti
n
g
a
n
d
c
o
m
b
in
in
g
re
lev
a
n
t
sc
e
n
a
rio
s
,”
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
i
n
S
o
c
iety
,
p
p
.
1
0
1
1
7
7
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
7
]
M
.
Kre
ss
,
e
t
a
l
.
“
L
a
n
c
h
e
ste
r
m
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
th
re
e
-
wa
y
c
o
m
b
a
t
,”
Eu
ro
p
e
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Op
e
ra
ti
o
n
a
l
Res
e
a
r
c
h
,
v
o
l.
2
6
4
(1
)
,
p
p
.
46
–
54
,
2
0
1
8
.
Av
a
il
a
b
le:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
e
jo
r
.
2
0
1
7
.
0
7
.
0
2
6
.
[
1
8
]
G.
F
e
i
c
h
t
i
n
g
e
r
,
A
.
N
o
v
a
k
,
S
.
W
r
z
a
c
z
e
k
,
“
O
p
t
i
m
i
z
i
n
g
c
o
u
n
t
e
r
-
t
e
r
r
o
r
i
s
t
i
c
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
i
n
a
n
a
s
y
m
m
e
t
r
i
c
L
a
n
c
h
e
s
t
e
r
m
o
d
e
l
,
”
in
I
F
A
C
P
r
o
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
V
o
l
u
m
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
4
5
(
2
5
)
,
p
p
.
2
7
–
3
2
,
2
0
1
2
.
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
:
1
0
.
3
1
8
2
/
2
0
1
2
0
9
1
3
-
4
-
it
-
4
0
2
7
.
0
0
0
5
6.
[1
9
]
V
.
Y
u
.
C
h
u
e
v
a
n
d
I.
V
.
D
u
b
o
g
ra
y
,
“
M
o
d
e
ls
o
f
b
il
a
tera
l
m
il
it
a
r
y
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
s
o
f
n
u
m
e
ro
u
s
g
ro
u
p
s
,”
M
a
th
e
ma
ti
c
a
l
mo
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
n
u
me
ric
a
l
me
th
o
d
s
,
v
o
l.
1
(
9
),
p
p
.
89
-
1
0
4
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
0
]
C.
Ba
rre
tt
,
S
.
E
u
b
a
n
k
a
n
d
M
.
M
a
ra
th
e
,
“
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
si
m
u
latio
n
o
f
larg
e
b
i
o
lo
g
ica
l,
i
n
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
so
c
io
-
tec
h
n
ica
l
sy
ste
m
s:
a
n
in
tera
c
ti
o
n
b
a
se
d
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
,
”
i
n
In
t
e
ra
c
ti
v
e
Co
mp
u
t
a
ti
o
n
,
S
p
ri
n
g
e
r
,
p
p
.
3
5
3
–
3
9
2
,
He
id
e
lb
e
rg
,
2
0
0
6
.
[2
1
]
M
.
T
a
b
o
r,
“
Ch
a
o
s
a
n
d
I
n
teg
ra
b
il
i
ty i
n
No
n
li
n
e
a
r Dy
n
a
mic
s: A
n
I
n
t
ro
d
u
c
ti
o
n
,
”
W
il
e
y
,
M
ich
ig
a
n
,
1
9
8
9
.
[2
2
]
H.
Ha
k
e
n
,
“
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
d
S
y
n
e
rg
e
ti
c
s:
In
sta
b
il
it
y
Hie
ra
rc
h
ies
o
f
S
e
l
f
-
Or
g
a
n
izi
n
g
S
y
ste
ms
a
n
d
De
v
ice
s
,
”
S
p
rin
g
e
r
-
V
e
rlag
,
Ne
w
Yo
rk
,
1
9
9
3
.
[2
3
]
M.
A
sk
a
riz
a
d
e
h
,
B.
T
.
L
a
d
a
n
i
a
n
d
M
.
H.
M
a
n
sh
a
e
i
,
“
A
n
e
v
o
lu
ti
o
n
a
ry
g
a
m
e
m
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
ru
m
o
r
p
ro
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
c
o
n
tro
l
in
s
o
c
ial
n
e
tw
o
r
ks
,”
Ph
y
sic
a
A:
S
ta
ti
st
ica
l
M
e
c
h
a
n
ics
a
n
d
it
s
A
p
p
li
c
a
t
io
n
s
,
v
o
l.
5
2
3
,
p
p
.
21
–
39
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
4
]
A.
M
a
n
d
e
l
a
n
d
X.
V
e
n
e
l
,
“
Dy
n
a
m
ic
c
o
m
p
e
ti
ti
o
n
o
v
e
r
so
c
ial
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
,”
Eu
ro
p
e
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Op
e
ra
ti
o
n
a
l
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
2
0
1
9
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s:/
/d
o
i
.
o
rg
/1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
e
jo
r.
2
0
1
9
.
0
7
.
0
2
8.
[2
5
]
A.
Ha
f
e
z
a
lk
o
to
b
,
M
.
Kh
o
d
a
b
a
k
h
sh
,
A
.
S
a
g
h
a
e
i
a
n
d
M.
Esh
g
h
i
p
o
u
r
,
“
Co
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
a
d
v
e
rti
sin
g
c
o
m
p
a
n
ies
in
so
c
ial
n
e
tw
o
rk
s:
A
g
r
a
p
h
a
n
d
g
a
m
e
th
e
o
r
y
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
e
s
,”
Co
mp
u
ter
s
&
In
d
u
stria
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
5
,
p
p
.
2
1
2
–
2
2
0
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
6
]
L
.
Cu
i
a
n
d
C
.
F
a
n
g
,
“
Re
li
a
b
il
i
ty
-
G
a
m
e
T
h
e
o
r
y
,
”
in
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
s
in
S
y
ste
m
Relia
b
il
it
y
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
A
c
a
d
e
m
ic
P
re
ss
,
pp.
77
–
1
1
5
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
7
]
R.
Isa
a
c
s
,
Diff
e
re
n
ti
a
l
g
a
me
s:
a
ma
t
h
e
ma
ti
c
a
l
t
h
e
o
ry
wit
h
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
to
wa
rf
a
re
a
n
d
p
u
rs
u
it
,
c
o
n
tr
o
l
a
n
d
o
p
ti
miz
a
ti
o
n
,
C
o
u
r
ier Co
r
p
o
ra
ti
o
n
,
1
9
9
9
.
[2
8
]
M
.
T
.
P
ri
or
,
“
T
h
e
in
tera
c
ti
o
n
a
l
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
s
o
f
s
c
a
li
n
g
a
n
d
c
o
n
tras
t
i
n
a
c
c
o
u
n
ts
o
f
in
terp
e
rso
n
a
l
c
o
n
f
li
c
t
,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Pra
g
ma
t
ics
,
v
o
l.
1
5
0
,
p
p
.
92
–
1
1
0
,
2
0
1
8
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
p
ra
g
m
a
.
2
0
1
8
.
1
1
.
0
2
0
.
[2
9
]
I.
Hra
b
a
r,
Yu
.
T
y
m
o
n
in
a
n
d
Yu
.
Bro
d
sk
y
,
“
T
h
e
u
n
iv
e
rsa
l
m
o
d
e
l
o
f
th
e
s
y
ste
m
:
th
e
m
e
th
o
d
o
l
o
g
ica
l
a
sp
e
c
t,
”
(in
Uk
ra
in
ian
)
,
Bu
l
letin
o
f
Z
h
NAE
U
,
v
o
l.
1
,
p
p
.
2
0
2
–
2
0
9
,
2
0
0
9
.
[3
0
]
K
.
M
o
l
o
d
e
tsk
a
a
n
d
Y.
Ty
m
o
n
in
,
“
S
y
ste
m
-
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
m
o
d
e
ls
o
f
d
e
stru
c
ti
v
e
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
a
l
in
f
lu
e
n
c
e
in
so
c
ial
n
e
tw
o
rk
in
g
se
rv
ic
e
s,”
In
ter
n
.
J
.
o
f
3
D P
rin
ti
n
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
a
n
d
Di
g
it
a
l
In
d
u
stry
,
v
o
l
.
3
(
2
),
p
p
.
1
3
7
–
1
4
6
,
2
0
1
9
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
0
:
1
0
4
3
-
1
0
5
2
1052
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
K
a
te
r
y
n
a
M
o
lo
d
e
t
s
k
a
(1
9
8
5
)
,
Do
c
to
r
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
ica
l
S
c
ien
c
e
s,
A
s
so
c
iate
P
r
o
f
e
ss
o
r,
P
r
o
f
e
ss
o
r
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
S
y
ste
m
s
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
in
Zh
y
to
m
y
r
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
Ag
ro
e
c
o
lo
g
ica
l
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
.
G
ra
d
u
a
ted
w
it
h
h
o
n
o
rs
f
ro
m
Zh
y
to
m
y
r
M
il
it
a
ry
In
stit
u
te
n
a
m
e
d
a
f
ter
S
.
P.
Ko
r
o
ly
o
v
.
S
tu
d
ied
a
t
th
e
p
o
stg
ra
d
u
a
te
sc
h
o
o
l
o
f
th
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
H
y
b
rid
Co
n
tr
o
l
a
n
d
M
o
d
e
l
in
g
S
y
ste
m
s
i
n
th
e
En
e
rg
y
In
stit
u
te
o
f
th
e
P
ro
b
lem
s
o
f
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
in
t
h
e
P
o
w
e
r
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
n
a
m
e
d
a
f
t
e
r
G.
E.
P
u
k
h
o
v
i
n
t
h
e
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
A
c
a
d
e
m
y
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
s
o
f
Uk
ra
in
e
.
Th
e
sp
h
e
re
o
f
sc
ien
ti
f
ic
in
tere
sts
is
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
w
it
h
m
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
a
l
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
se
c
u
rit
y
.
Yu
r
ii
Ty
m
o
n
i
n
(1
9
4
5
)
,
Ca
n
d
i
d
a
te
o
f
Tec
h
n
ica
l
S
c
ien
c
e
s,
As
so
c
iate
P
ro
f
e
ss
o
r,
A
ss
istan
t
P
ro
f
e
ss
o
r
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
S
y
ste
m
s
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
in
Zh
y
to
m
y
r
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
A
g
ro
e
c
o
lo
g
ic
a
l
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
.
G
r
a
d
u
a
ted
f
ro
m
th
e
L
e
n
in
g
ra
d
El
e
c
tro
tec
h
n
ica
l
I
n
stit
u
te.
A
wa
rd
e
d
th
e
S
il
v
e
r
M
e
d
a
l
o
n
th
e
Ex
h
ib
it
i
o
n
o
f
Ac
h
iev
e
m
e
n
t
s
o
f
th
e
N
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Eco
n
o
m
y
o
f
th
e
USS
R
a
n
d
th
e
S
ig
n
“
In
v
e
n
to
r
o
f
th
e
USS
R”
.
T
h
e
sp
h
e
re
o
f
sc
i
e
n
ti
f
ic
in
tere
sts
is
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
w
it
h
sim
u
latio
n
o
f
p
ro
c
e
ss
e
s
a
n
d
s
y
st
e
m
s
o
f
v
a
rio
u
s p
h
y
sic
a
l
n
a
tu
re
.
Ih
o
r
M
e
ln
y
c
h
u
k
(1
9
6
5
),
D
o
c
to
r
o
f
Histo
r
ica
l
S
c
ien
c
e
s,
A
ss
o
c
iate
P
r
o
f
e
ss
o
r,
He
a
d
o
f
S
o
c
ial
S
c
ien
c
e
s
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
in
Zh
y
to
m
y
r
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
A
g
ro
e
c
o
lo
g
ica
l
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
.
G
ra
d
u
a
ted
f
ro
m
th
e
L
e
n
in
g
ra
d
M
il
it
a
ry
a
n
d
P
o
li
t
ica
l
S
c
h
o
o
l
n
a
m
e
d
a
f
ter
A
n
d
ro
p
o
v
.
L
e
c
tu
re
d
a
t
th
e
Kie
v
Hig
h
e
r
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
Ra
d
i
o
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
A
ir
De
f
e
n
se
a
n
d
Zh
y
to
m
y
r
P
e
d
a
g
o
g
ica
l
Un
i
v
e
rsit
y
.
T
h
e
sp
h
e
re
o
f
s
c
ien
ti
f
ic
in
tere
sts
is
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
w
it
h
h
isto
ry
o
f
Uk
r
a
in
ian
sc
ien
c
e
,
p
o
li
ti
c
a
l
sc
ien
c
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
e
rn
p
e
ri
o
d
a
n
d
i
n
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
se
c
u
rit
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.