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[
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1
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I
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5
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3610
th
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On
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w
o
u
ld
b
e
p
lag
u
ed
b
y
t
h
e
s
o
-
ca
l
led
p
ilo
t
co
n
ta
m
i
n
atio
n
.
I
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
,
a
lin
ea
r
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
ter
m
i
n
als
’
c
h
an
n
el
s
h
av
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
p
ilo
t
s
eq
u
en
ce
co
n
ta
m
i
n
ates
t
h
e
esti
m
ated
ch
a
n
n
e
l
o
b
tain
ed
in
th
e
s
er
v
ice
ar
r
a
y
.
T
h
e
p
ilo
t
c
o
n
ta
m
i
n
atio
n
h
as
a
d
etr
im
en
tal
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
ac
tu
al
ac
h
ie
v
ab
le
s
p
ec
tr
al
an
d
en
er
g
y
e
f
f
icien
c
ies
in
r
ea
l
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
1
8
]
-
[
2
0
]
.
A
s
a
r
esu
lt,
co
n
s
id
e
r
ab
le
r
esear
ch
ef
f
o
r
ts
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
s
p
en
t
i
n
th
e
last
y
ea
r
s
to
w
ar
d
s
allev
ia
tin
g
p
ilo
t
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
in
m
as
s
i
v
e
MI
MO
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
.
I
t
h
as
b
ee
n
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
in
[
2
1
]
th
at
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
p
ilo
t
co
n
ta
m
i
n
ati
o
n
ca
n
b
e
ex
ter
m
in
a
ted
u
s
i
n
g
a
B
ay
esian
c
h
an
n
el
esti
m
atio
n
en
s
u
r
i
n
g
ce
r
tai
n
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
c
h
a
n
n
el
co
v
ar
ian
ce
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
id
ea
in
[
2
1
]
is
to
as
s
ig
n
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
p
ilo
t
to
u
s
er
s
r
ev
ea
lin
g
m
ax
i
m
u
m
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
ali
t
y
o
f
s
ig
n
al
s
u
b
s
p
ac
es
(
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
Dir
ec
tio
n
Of
A
r
r
iv
al
DO
A
)
.
B
esid
es,
all
co
v
ar
ian
ce
m
atr
ices
o
f
all
c
h
a
n
n
el
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
lear
n
ed
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
w
h
ic
h
i
n
cu
r
s
to
o
m
u
ch
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
.
A
n
o
t
h
er
n
o
n
l
i
n
ea
r
ch
a
n
n
el
esti
m
atio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
2
2
]
as
a
b
lin
d
p
ilo
t
d
ec
o
n
tam
in
atio
n
m
et
h
o
d
.
I
t
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
ex
p
lo
iti
n
g
t
h
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
ch
a
n
n
e
l
g
ain
s
o
f
t
h
e
d
esire
d
u
s
er
s
an
d
th
e
in
ter
f
er
in
g
u
s
er
s
in
o
r
d
er
to
d
is
cr
i
m
in
ate
u
s
er
s
in
th
e
a
m
p
li
tu
d
e
d
o
m
ai
n
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
w
a
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
[
2
3
]
f
o
r
a
m
o
r
e
s
en
s
ib
le
p
h
y
s
ical
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
t
h
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
s
u
b
s
p
ac
e
m
et
h
o
d
to
id
en
ti
f
y
t
h
e
d
esire
d
an
d
i
n
ter
f
er
i
n
g
u
s
er
s
.
I
t
w
a
s
p
r
o
v
en
t
h
at
t
h
e
s
u
b
s
p
ac
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
w
o
r
k
s
w
ell
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
t
h
at
th
e
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
ch
a
n
n
el
is
r
ec
ei
v
e
d
w
it
h
a
p
o
w
er
lev
el
s
u
f
f
icie
n
t
l
y
lo
w
er
th
a
n
th
a
t o
f
th
e
d
es
ir
ed
ch
an
n
e
l.
I
n
ef
f
ec
t,
m
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
w
o
r
k
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
t
h
e
E
lev
a
t
io
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
a
n
d
/o
r
th
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
o
f
a
lar
g
er
p
o
w
er
r
atio
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
in
te
n
d
ed
u
s
er
s
an
d
t
h
e
in
t
er
f
er
in
g
o
n
es.
No
n
et
h
eles
s
,
i
n
r
ea
l
ch
an
n
els,
t
h
e
E
lev
atio
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
(
1
D
DOA
)
is
a
f
i
n
ite
n
u
m
b
er
an
d
ca
n
b
e
id
en
tic
in
s
o
m
e
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
s
u
ch
a
r
ic
h
s
ca
tter
i
n
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
As
w
ell,
th
e
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
t
o
f
p
o
w
er
r
atio
i
s
a
c
o
n
d
itio
n
h
ar
d
to
g
u
ar
a
n
tee
f
o
r
s
o
m
e
ed
g
e
-
of
-
ce
ll
u
s
er
s
a
s
th
e
y
m
a
y
r
ec
ei
v
e
th
ei
r
s
ig
n
als
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
E
lev
a
ti
o
n
an
g
le
(
E
l)
an
d
w
i
th
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
p
o
w
er
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
w
e
ai
m
i
n
t
h
is
w
o
r
k
to
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
an
ef
f
ec
t
iv
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
t
h
e
p
ilo
t
co
n
ta
m
i
n
atio
n
p
r
o
b
le
m
f
o
r
all
ce
ll
u
s
er
s
an
d
m
o
r
e
p
r
ec
is
el
y
ta
k
i
n
g
i
n
to
ac
co
u
n
t
t
h
o
s
e
ed
g
e
-
of
-
ce
ll
u
s
er
s
.
O
u
r
id
ea
b
eh
in
d
is
to
s
tate
an
d
r
eso
lv
e
th
e
p
ilo
t
co
n
ta
m
i
n
atio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
as
a
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ep
ar
atio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
u
s
in
g
ti
m
e,
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
,
a
n
d
s
p
ac
e
d
o
m
ai
n
s
.
T
h
e
m
ix
i
n
g
m
atr
i
x
c
o
m
p
r
o
m
is
es
b
o
th
th
e
in
ter
f
er
i
n
g
an
d
d
e
s
ir
ed
s
o
u
r
ce
s
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
c
h
an
n
el
s
.
T
h
e
latter
is
d
ef
in
ed
b
y
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
s
p
atial
s
i
g
n
a
tu
r
es
b
ea
r
in
g
an
g
le
th
a
t
w
ill
b
e
r
ec
o
v
er
ed
b
y
a
DOA
es
ti
m
atio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e.
Ass
u
m
in
g
t
h
at
1
D
DO
A
d
o
es
n
o
t
allo
w
s
ep
ar
a
tin
g
t
h
e
i
n
te
n
d
ed
u
s
er
s
an
d
t
h
e
i
n
ter
f
er
i
n
g
o
n
e
s
s
in
ce
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
als
o
f
t
w
o
u
s
er
s
m
a
y
b
e
r
ec
ei
v
ed
w
i
th
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
,
w
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
to
in
clu
d
e
b
o
th
E
l
an
d
A
z
an
g
le
s
to
s
ep
ar
ate
th
e
u
s
er
s
o
f
ea
ch
ce
l
l.
W
e
as
s
u
m
e
t
h
at
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
t
w
o
u
s
er
s
h
av
i
n
g
th
e
s
a
m
e
v
al
u
e
s
f
o
r
b
o
th
elev
atio
n
a
n
d
az
i
m
u
t
h
an
g
le
s
is
v
er
y
s
m
all.
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
w
e
e
x
p
lo
it
th
e
c
o
n
ce
p
t
o
f
ST
FD
[
2
4
]
-
[
2
6
]
.
I
t
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
h
ig
h
r
eso
lu
tio
n
an
d
en
ab
le
s
ep
ar
atio
n
s
o
f
s
i
g
n
als
co
r
r
u
p
ted
b
y
in
ter
f
er
en
c
e
o
cc
u
p
y
in
g
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
b
an
d
a
n
d
/o
r
th
e
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e
s
eg
m
e
n
t.
I
t
o
f
f
er
s
an
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
s
i
g
n
al
s
elec
ti
v
it
y
o
v
er
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
co
v
ar
ian
ce
m
atr
i
x
.
T
h
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
m
atr
i
x
i
s
a
l
o
w
-
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
ST
FD,
t
h
e
r
ea
s
o
n
t
h
at
ST
FD
-
b
ased
m
et
h
o
d
s
o
f
f
er
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
t
h
a
n
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
co
v
ar
ian
ce
m
atr
ix
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
A
f
t
e
r
w
ar
d
,
w
e
ap
p
l
y
a
n
o
n
u
n
itar
y
J
o
in
t
d
ia
g
o
n
al
izat
io
n
(
J
D)
m
et
h
o
d
to
a
co
m
b
in
ed
s
et
o
f
Sp
atio
-
te
m
p
o
r
al
c
o
r
r
elatio
n
m
atr
ices,
w
h
ic
h
is
s
elec
ted
u
s
i
n
g
a
T
i
m
e
-
Fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
T
F
p
o
in
t
d
etec
to
r
cited
in
[
2
6
]
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
an
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
esti
m
ate
o
f
th
e
s
i
g
n
al
a
n
d
n
o
is
e
s
u
b
s
p
ac
es
o
v
er
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
Sin
g
u
lar
Valu
e
Dec
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
(
SVD)
tech
n
iq
u
e.
Fi
n
all
y
,
th
e
Mu
l
tip
le
Sig
n
al
C
lass
if
ica
tio
n
(
MU
SIC)
tech
n
iq
u
e
i
s
u
s
ed
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
v
al
u
es
o
f
E
l
an
d
A
z
an
g
les
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt is
an
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
s
o
u
r
ce
s
s
ep
ar
atio
n
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
: ti
m
e
,
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
,
a
n
d
s
p
ac
e
v
ar
iab
les.
T
h
e
o
u
tlin
e
o
f
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
is
a
s
f
o
llo
w
s
.
W
e
d
escr
ib
e
i
n
S
ec
ti
o
n
2
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
an
d
d
er
iv
e
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
t
h
e
ST
FD
r
ep
r
esen
tat
io
n
s
f
o
r
a
Mu
lt
i
-
C
ell
Ma
s
s
i
v
e
MI
MO
s
y
s
te
m
.
W
e
d
is
cu
s
s
t
h
e
ch
a
llen
g
e
s
f
o
r
s
elec
ti
n
g
T
F
p
o
in
ts
a
n
d
p
r
esen
t t
h
e
m
et
h
o
d
ap
p
lied
f
o
r
s
elec
tin
g
t
h
e
T
F p
o
in
ts
.
W
e
in
t
r
o
d
u
ce
also
th
e
NU
-
J
D
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
u
s
ed
f
o
r
est
i
m
a
ted
th
e
n
o
is
e
s
u
b
s
p
ac
e
th
at
i
s
u
s
ed
in
its
t
u
r
n
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
az
i
m
u
th
an
d
elev
atio
n
a
n
g
les
u
s
i
n
g
MU
SIC
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
.
Si
m
u
la
tio
n
s
r
es
u
l
ts
a
n
d
co
n
clu
s
i
o
n
ar
e
p
r
esen
te
d
in
Sectio
n
s
3
an
d
Sectio
n
4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
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n
g
I
SS
N:
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0
8
8
-
8708
P
ilo
t D
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ta
min
a
tio
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Time
F
r
eq
u
en
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S
p
a
ce
Do
m
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in
s
in
Mu
lti
-
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(
La
m
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Ha
ch
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d
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3611
2.
P
RO
B
L
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M
F
O
R
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
2
.
1
.
Sy
s
t
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m
m
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del
W
e
w
il
l
co
n
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er
th
e
u
p
li
n
k
i
n
m
u
lti
-
ce
ll
m
u
lti
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u
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er
MI
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co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
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te
m
w
it
h
L
ce
ll
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as
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
,
w
it
h
f
u
ll
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
r
e
u
s
e.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
K
s
in
g
le
-
a
n
ten
n
a
u
s
er
s
i
n
ea
ch
ce
ll
s
i
m
u
l
tan
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u
s
l
y
s
er
v
ed
b
y
th
e
ir
B
ase
Statio
n
(
B
S)
eq
u
ip
p
ed
w
it
h
a
U
n
i
f
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r
m
R
ec
ta
n
g
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lar
A
r
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a
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R
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as
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u
r
e
2
.
T
h
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ce
llu
lar
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et
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ates
in
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d
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u
p
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DD)
m
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to
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ain
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ta
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ce
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f
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b
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l
p
er
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d
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,
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ch
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in
d
ep
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en
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f
r
o
m
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n
e
co
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e
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en
ce
ti
m
e
to
an
o
th
er
.
T
h
e
s
a
m
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p
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p
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is
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s
ed
a
m
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d
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h
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p
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ar
e
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ed
o
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al
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h
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th
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e
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to
av
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id
in
tr
a
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ll i
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ter
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er
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ce
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t o
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p
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co
n
ta
m
i
n
atio
n
in
a
m
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lti ce
ll
m
as
s
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v
e
MI
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s
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te
m
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
S
y
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te
m
m
o
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el
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f
M
×
N
UR
A
co
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f
i
g
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r
atio
n
I
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
,
w
e
co
n
s
id
er
th
at
th
e
ca
r
r
ier
f
r
eq
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e
n
c
y
is
3
GHz
an
d
t
h
e
UR
A
is
s
elec
te
d
w
it
h
th
e
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
o
f
li
m
it
s
p
ac
e.
T
h
e
an
ten
n
a
ar
r
a
y
at
t
h
e
b
ase
s
tatio
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is
p
lace
d
i
n
t
h
e
–
p
lan
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w
it
h
an
te
n
n
a
ele
m
e
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ts
i
n
ea
c
h
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lu
m
n
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d
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ten
n
a
ele
m
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t
s
i
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w
.
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h
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s
p
ac
in
g
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et
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ad
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ac
en
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an
ten
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ele
m
e
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ts
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s
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s
u
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ed
to
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e
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v
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n
g
t
h
in
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o
th
t
w
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i
m
en
s
io
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s
.
T
h
e
DO
A
is
d
ep
icted
b
y
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n
a
n
d
az
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m
u
t
h
an
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le
s
,
g
iv
e
n
b
y
an
d
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
[
2
7
]
,
[
2
8
]
.
T
h
e
s
o
-
ca
lled
s
teer
i
n
g
v
ec
to
r
q
u
an
ti
f
ie
s
t
h
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ar
r
a
y
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
i
n
a
g
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v
en
d
ir
e
ctio
n
.
He
n
ce
,
t
h
e
ch
a
n
n
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l
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
u
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er
i
n
th
e
ce
ll
to
th
e
in
ten
d
ed
B
S
is
d
en
o
ted
b
y
.
W
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ad
o
p
t
th
e
C
o
r
r
elatio
n
C
h
a
n
n
el
Mo
d
el
[
2
9
]
g
iv
en
b
y
:
(
1
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
360
9
–
3
6
1
9
3612
W
h
er
e
a.
:
is
th
e
s
teer
i
n
g
v
ec
to
r
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
th
e
an
g
le
s
o
f
ar
r
iv
al,
th
e
elev
at
io
n
an
d
th
e
az
i
m
u
t
h
ass
o
ciate
d
w
ith
t
h
e
u
s
er
.
b.
(
)
: is th
e
c
h
an
n
el
g
ain
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
it
is
ass
u
m
ed
th
a
t
all
et
ar
e
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
v
er
u
s
er
in
d
ex
an
d
ce
ll
in
d
ex
.
T
h
e
m
an
i
f
o
ld
is
g
iv
e
n
b
y
(
)
[
]
(
2
)
Her
e
af
ter
et
o
p
er
ato
r
s
th
e
Kr
o
n
ec
k
er
p
r
o
d
u
ct
an
d
th
e
v
ec
to
r
ized
o
p
e
r
atio
n
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
L
et
̃
̃
b
e
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
i
v
e
f
a
s
t
-
f
ad
in
g
c
h
an
n
el
f
r
o
m
K
u
s
er
s
i
n
th
e
ce
ll
to
th
e
in
te
n
d
ed
B
S,
w
h
er
e:
a.
is
th
e
s
teer
i
n
g
v
ec
to
r
o
f
t
h
e
u
s
er
in
th
e
ce
ll;
b.
̃
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
i.i.
d
.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
al
r
ec
ei
v
ed
b
y
th
e
l
-
t
h
B
S d
u
r
in
g
co
n
s
ec
u
ti
v
e
s
y
m
b
o
l in
ter
v
als
m
a
y
b
e
w
r
itte
n
as
:
∑
(
3
)
w
h
er
e
is
an
ad
d
iti
v
e
n
o
is
e
v
ec
to
r
w
h
o
s
e
e
n
tr
ies ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
g
en
er
all
y
a
s
s
tat
io
n
ar
y
,
te
m
p
o
r
ally
a
n
d
s
p
atiall
y
w
h
ite,
ze
r
o
m
ea
n
r
an
d
o
m
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
a
n
d
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t o
f
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
s
i
g
n
al
s
.
T
h
e
E
q
u
atio
n
(3
)
ca
n
b
e
s
i
m
p
lif
ied
to
th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
eq
u
atio
n
:
(
4
)
i
s
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
m
itted
s
ig
n
als
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
i
n
te
n
d
ed
ce
ll
s
o
u
r
ce
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
ch
a
n
n
e
l
an
d
th
e
i
m
p
air
m
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
ed
in
to
w
h
ite
n
o
i
s
e
an
d
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
f
r
o
m
–
n
eig
h
b
o
r
in
g
ce
l
ls
(
5
)
w
h
er
e
th
e
d
ata
is
tr
a
n
s
m
i
tted
f
r
o
m
i
n
ter
f
er
in
g
ce
ll
s
an
d
r
ec
eiv
ed
in
t
h
e
ce
ll
o
f
in
t
er
est
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
ch
a
n
n
el
.
No
w
,
w
e
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
m
o
d
el
o
f
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
ied
s
y
s
t
e
m
d
ef
i
n
ed
in
E
q
u
a
tio
n
s
(4
)
an
d
(5
)
,
th
e
ST
FD o
f
th
e
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
is
d
en
o
t
ed
as
(
6
)
w
h
er
e
:
a.
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
ST
FD o
f
th
e
i
n
ten
d
ed
ce
ll so
u
r
ce
s
,
b.
is
th
e
ST
FD o
f
t
h
e
in
ter
f
er
en
c
e
c.
an
d
ar
e
th
e
cr
o
s
s
ed
S
T
FDs
b
et
w
e
e
n
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
an
d
in
ter
f
e
r
en
ce
f
r
o
m
n
eig
h
b
o
r
in
g
ce
lls
d.
an
d
s
y
m
b
o
lize
t
h
e
cr
o
s
s
ed
ST
FDs
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
in
ten
d
e
d
ce
ll
s
o
u
r
ce
s
an
d
n
o
is
e,
e.
an
d
ar
e
th
e
cr
o
s
s
ed
S
T
FDs
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
in
ter
f
er
en
c
e
f
r
o
m
n
eig
h
b
o
r
in
g
ce
lls
a
n
d
n
o
is
e.
f.
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
ST
FD o
f
th
e
N
o
is
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
P
ilo
t D
ec
o
n
ta
min
a
tio
n
o
ve
r
Time
F
r
eq
u
en
cy
a
n
d
S
p
a
ce
Do
m
a
in
s
in
Mu
lti
-
C
ell
…
(
La
m
ia
e
Ha
ch
a
d
)
3613
Un
d
er
th
e
as
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
w
h
i
te
n
o
is
e,
th
e
ex
p
ec
tat
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
ST
FD
m
atr
ices
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
i
n
te
n
d
ed
s
o
u
r
ce
s
s
ig
n
al
s
a
n
d
th
e
n
o
i
s
e
,
an
d
an
d
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
i
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
f
r
o
m
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
in
g
ce
lls
an
d
n
o
is
e
an
d
v
an
i
s
h
,
i.e
.
[
]
T
h
e
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
i
s
n
o
t i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t o
f
t
h
e
d
ata
X,
h
e
n
ce
th
e
ST
FD o
f
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
b
ec
o
m
e
s
:
(
7
)
2
.
2
.
P
ilo
t
deco
nta
m
ina
t
io
n us
ing
t
i
m
e
-
f
re
q
uency
El
-
Az
esti
m
a
t
io
n
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
p
ilo
t c
o
n
ta
m
i
n
atio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
ca
n
b
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
f
o
ll
o
w
s
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
Or
g
an
o
g
r
a
m
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
NU
-
TF
-
MU
SIC E
l
-
A
z
esti
m
atio
n
El
-
A
z
e
s
ti
m
atio
n
ca
n
o
n
l
y
b
e
m
ater
ialized
i
f
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
T
F
p
o
in
ts
ar
e
s
elec
ted
in
t
h
e
ST
FD
m
atr
ices
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
as s
h
o
wn
in
Eq
u
a
tio
n
(
7
)
.
2
.
2
.
1
.
T
i
m
e
-
f
re
qu
e
ncy
po
ints select
io
n
W
e
u
s
e
th
e
s
a
m
e
T
F
p
o
in
ts
d
etec
to
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
in
s
ta
n
t
co
n
te
x
t.
I
t
co
n
ce
r
n
s
f
in
d
i
n
g
u
s
e
f
u
l
T
F
p
o
in
ts
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
i
n
s
p
ec
ti
n
g
th
e
ti
m
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
p
o
in
t
s
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
ST
FD
o
b
s
er
v
at
io
n
s
m
atr
ic
es
ar
e
r
an
k
o
n
e.
Fo
r
th
is
r
ea
s
o
n
,
a
Sin
g
u
lar
Valu
e
Dec
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
(
SV
D)
is
u
s
ed
lead
in
g
to
(
8
)
w
it
h
et
ar
e
t
w
o
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
0
8
8
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I
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5
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2
9
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2
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2
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3
.
El
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ated
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h
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a
tio
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n
iq
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e
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SIC
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ti
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ates
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1
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ter
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ated
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3.
P
E
RF
O
RM
ANCE E
VA
L
U
AT
I
O
N
I
n
t
h
is
s
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t
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,
w
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a
lu
ate
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o
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ap
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s
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tex
t
b
y
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d
u
ct
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g
Mo
n
t
e
C
ar
lo
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
s
.
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n
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
,
w
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co
n
s
id
er
t
w
o
h
ex
a
g
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l
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s
h
ap
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t
w
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ac
h
b
ase
s
tatio
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h
as
a
t
o
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n
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m
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er
o
f
1
2
8
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ten
n
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m
e
n
t
s
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w
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co
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e
p
o
s
s
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le
d
im
en
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o
f
m
ass
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MI
MO
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
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1
2
8
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ten
n
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m
en
ts
ar
e
ex
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ed
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v
er
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d
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s
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r
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r
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ll
u
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m
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p
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w
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:
√
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w
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is
t
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ated
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u
m
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d
r
e
p
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m
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latio
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
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lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
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P
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3615
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ased
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u
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atin
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NU
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ased
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a
m
e
elev
atio
n
a
n
g
le
v
al
u
es a
s
th
e
f
o
u
r
in
te
n
d
ed
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
NU
-
TF
-
MU
SIC sp
e
ctr
u
m
f
o
r
a
SNR
v
al
u
e
o
f
1
5
d
B
F
ig
u
r
e
5
d
ep
icts
th
e
an
g
les
es
ti
m
atio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
w
it
h
th
e
ar
r
ay
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
,
a
co
h
er
en
ce
in
ter
v
al
o
f
,
an
d
a
v
alu
e
o
f
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
t
h
at
elev
atio
n
a
n
d
az
i
m
u
t
h
an
g
les
ca
n
b
e
clea
r
l
y
o
b
s
er
v
ed
.
T
h
e
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
h
as
b
ee
n
co
m
p
u
ted
f
o
r
all
v
alu
e
s
o
f
r
an
g
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
to
an
d
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
to
,
w
it
h
an
an
g
u
lar
s
tep
s
ize
o
f
1
◦
.
NU
-
TF
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MU
SIC
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
e
x
h
ib
its
a
p
ea
k
at
ea
ch
s
o
u
r
ce
lo
ca
tio
n
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d
.
Af
ter
w
ar
d
,
w
e
p
r
esen
t
t
h
e
R
MSE
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
a
ch
v
er
s
u
s
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
SN
R
v
al
u
es
an
d
w
e
co
m
p
ar
e
t
h
e
r
esu
l
t f
o
r
t
w
o
t
y
p
es o
f
th
e
ar
r
a
y
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
360
9
–
3
6
1
9
3616
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
R
MS
E
of
NU
-
TF
-
MU
SIC
a
n
d
C
o
n
v
-
MU
SIC
v
er
s
u
s
S
NR
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
t
y
p
es o
f
ar
r
ay
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
W
e
s
h
o
w
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
,
th
e
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
o
f
R
MSE
o
f
No
n
U
n
itar
y
T
im
e
Fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
MU
SI
C
m
eth
o
d
,
d
en
o
ted
b
y
NU
-
TF
-
MU
SIC
,
an
d
C
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
MU
SIC
m
e
th
o
d
,
d
en
o
ted
b
y
C
o
n
v
-
MU
SI
C
,
v
er
s
u
s
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
SNR
v
al
u
e
s
f
o
r
th
e
f
o
u
r
i
n
te
r
f
er
in
g
s
o
u
r
ce
s
h
a
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
ele
v
atio
n
a
n
g
le
v
al
u
es
as
th
e
f
o
u
r
i
n
te
n
d
ed
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
e
v
a
lu
e
o
f
R
MSE
o
f
b
o
th
m
et
h
o
d
s
an
d
f
o
r
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
ar
r
a
y
s
i
s
u
n
d
er
1
w
it
h
SNR
r
an
g
es
f
r
o
m
to
.
A
s
it
h
as
b
ee
n
p
o
in
ted
o
u
t
as
th
e
SNR
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
s
,
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
t
w
o
m
et
h
o
d
s
a
m
elio
r
ates.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
ea
ch
ar
r
a
y
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
t
w
o
m
e
th
o
d
s
i
s
ill
u
s
tr
ated
b
y
a
cu
r
v
e
as
m
en
tio
n
ed
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
ar
r
ay
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
h
a
s
ac
ted
i
n
e
x
ce
lle
n
t
q
u
al
it
y
f
o
r
b
o
th
N
U
-
TF
-
MU
SIC
an
d
C
o
n
v
-
MU
SIC.
C
o
m
p
ar
i
n
g
t
h
e
t
w
o
ar
r
a
y
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
,
it
i
s
i
n
ter
es
tin
g
to
n
o
tice
t
h
at
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
an
ten
n
a
ele
m
e
n
t
alo
n
g
X
a
n
d
/o
r
Y
ax
es
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
in
g
t
h
e
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
o
f
a
n
g
les
e
s
ti
m
atio
n
.
T
h
e
r
ea
s
o
n
f
o
r
w
h
ich
w
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
a
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
et
w
e
en
t
h
e
R
M
SE
v
al
u
es
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
to
f
o
r
th
e
t
w
o
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
.
T
h
is
o
p
en
is
s
u
e
w
ill
b
e
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
w
it
h
r
esear
c
h
er
s
o
f
o
u
r
L
ab
o
r
ato
r
y
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
o
n
An
te
n
n
a
s
u
b
j
ec
ts
.
Nex
t,
w
e
d
is
p
la
y
al
s
o
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
w
it
h
a
n
o
th
er
ar
r
a
y
g
eo
m
etr
y
to
s
ee
th
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
a
n
ten
n
a
g
eo
m
et
r
y
o
n
o
u
r
m
eth
o
d
.
W
e
ch
o
o
s
e
th
e
Un
i
f
o
r
m
C
ir
c
u
lar
A
r
r
a
y
UC
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r
ep
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b
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th
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s
teer
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n
g
v
ec
to
r
at
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y
d
ir
ec
tio
n
as i
n
[
3
1
]
,
[
3
2
]
[
(
)
(
)
]
(
1
5
)
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
NU
-
TF
-
MU
SIC
s
p
e
ctr
u
m
f
o
r
a
UC
A
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
an
d
f
o
r
a
SN
R
v
al
u
e
o
f
15dB
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
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8708
P
ilo
t D
ec
o
n
ta
min
a
tio
n
o
ve
r
Time
F
r
eq
u
en
cy
a
n
d
S
p
a
ce
Do
m
a
in
s
in
Mu
lti
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C
ell
…
(
La
m
ia
e
Ha
ch
a
d
)
3617
F
ig
u
r
e
7
illu
s
tr
ates
t
h
e
a
n
g
l
es
esti
m
atio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
a
UC
A
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
,
a
co
h
er
en
ce
in
t
er
v
al
o
f
,
an
d
a
v
alu
e
o
f
.
T
h
e
elev
atio
n
a
n
d
az
i
m
u
t
h
an
g
le
s
c
a
n
b
e
clea
r
l
y
o
b
s
er
v
ed
also
f
o
r
UC
A
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ati
o
n
.
W
e
ca
n
co
n
cl
u
d
e
th
a
t
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
w
ell
f
o
r
th
e
UR
A
a
n
d
UC
A
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
.
I
n
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
,
w
e
c
h
o
o
s
e
t
h
e
ar
r
ay
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
to
co
m
p
u
te
t
h
e
r
est
o
f
s
i
m
u
latio
n
s
.
W
e
ev
alu
a
te
t
h
e
R
M
SE
o
f
NU
-
TF
-
MU
SIC
a
n
d
C
o
n
v
-
MU
SIC
v
er
s
u
s
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
S
NR
v
al
u
es
f
o
r
t
w
o
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
a
m
p
les
v
al
u
es.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
R
MS
E
of
NU
-
TF
-
MU
SIC
a
n
d
C
o
n
v
-
MU
SIC
v
er
s
u
s
S
NR
f
o
r
d
if
f
e
r
en
t v
al
u
es o
f
co
h
er
en
ce
ti
m
e
C
F
ig
u
r
e
8
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
NU
-
TF
-
MU
SIC
a
n
d
C
o
n
v
-
M
USI
C
w
i
th
an
ar
r
a
y
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
o
f
,
an
d
t
w
o
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
v
al
u
es
o
f
co
h
er
en
ce
i
n
ter
v
al
C
.
Ob
v
io
u
s
l
y
,
a
s
w
e
g
et
m
o
r
e
s
a
m
p
le
s
to
es
t
i
m
ate
t
h
e
s
teer
in
g
m
atr
i
x
,
th
e
an
g
le
s
est
i
m
a
tio
n
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
w
ill
e
n
h
an
ce
.
All
v
al
u
es
o
f
R
MSE
o
f
t
h
e
t
w
o
m
et
h
o
d
s
ar
e
u
n
d
er
0
.
9
w
it
h
SN
R
r
an
g
e
s
f
r
o
m
0
d
B
to
3
0
d
B
.
T
h
e
NU
-
TF
-
MU
SI
C
m
et
h
o
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
b
etter
th
a
n
th
e
C
o
n
v
-
MU
SIC
m
et
h
o
d
f
o
r
th
e
t
w
o
v
al
u
es o
f
c
o
h
er
en
ce
in
ter
v
al
an
d
.
T
o
g
et
a
m
o
r
e
q
u
a
n
tita
ti
v
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
h
o
w
E
l
-
A
z
esti
m
atio
n
m
eth
o
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
i
n
a
m
u
lti
-
C
el
l
m
as
s
i
v
e
MI
MO
s
y
s
te
m
,
w
e
d
i
s
p
la
y
a
n
o
t
h
er
s
i
m
u
latio
n
to
p
r
o
v
e
w
h
at
a
m
a
s
s
iv
e
an
te
n
n
a
n
u
m
b
er
ca
n
b
r
i
n
g
an
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t in
o
u
r
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
R
MS
E
of
NU
-
TF
-
MU
SIC
a
n
d
C
o
n
v
-
MU
SIC
v
er
s
u
s
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
an
te
n
n
a
ele
m
e
n
ts
f
o
r
a
SNR
=1
5
d
B
an
d
f
o
r
f
o
u
r
in
te
n
d
ed
s
o
u
r
ce
s
an
d
f
o
u
r
in
ter
f
er
in
g
o
n
es
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
360
9
–
3
6
1
9
3618
W
e
ex
h
ib
it
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
9
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
esti
m
a
t
io
n
er
r
o
r
o
f
th
e
t
w
o
m
et
h
o
d
s
v
er
s
u
s
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
an
ten
n
a
ele
m
e
n
t
s
(
3
2
,
6
4
,
8
0
,
9
6
,
1
1
2
an
d
1
2
8
)
co
v
er
in
g
th
e
eig
h
t
s
o
u
r
ce
s
f
o
r
a
SNR
v
alu
e
of
.
T
h
e
v
alu
e
s
o
f
R
MSE
i
s
u
n
d
er
1
.
4
f
o
r
th
e
an
ten
n
a
ele
m
en
ts
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
3
2
,
6
4
,
8
0
an
d
9
6
f
o
r
b
o
th
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
W
e
c
an
e
m
p
h
as
ize
t
h
at
a
s
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
a
n
te
n
n
a
ele
m
e
n
ts
in
cr
ea
s
es
(
b
e
y
o
n
d
9
6
)
,
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
NU
-
TF
-
MU
SIC
a
n
d
C
o
n
v
-
MU
SIC
g
et
m
o
r
e
e
f
f
icie
n
t.
T
h
e
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
a
n
d
s
i
m
u
latio
n
s
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
9
n
o
te
th
a
t
th
e
C
o
n
v
-
MU
SIC
m
e
th
o
d
o
u
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
o
u
r
s
o
lu
t
io
n
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
to
g
et
a
m
elio
r
ated
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
it i
s
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
to
r
aise t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
ea
li
s
ati
o
n
s
o
f
o
u
r
m
et
h
o
d
to
attai
n
a
g
o
o
d
m
atc
h
b
et
w
ee
n
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
a
n
d
t
h
eo
r
etica
l
r
esu
lt
s
.
I
n
o
u
r
ca
s
e,
it
w
as d
i
f
f
icu
lt d
u
e
to
t
h
e
li
m
itatio
n
o
f
o
u
r
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
eq
u
ip
m
en
t.
T
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
i
s
a
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
t
o
th
e
o
n
g
o
in
g
d
is
c
u
s
s
io
n
s
ab
o
u
t
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
p
ilo
t
co
n
t
a
m
i
n
atio
n
o
u
tco
m
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
r
eu
s
e
o
f
p
ilo
ts
o
v
er
ce
ll
s
i
n
m
u
l
ti
-
ce
ll
Ma
s
s
i
v
e
MI
MO
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
W
e
h
av
e
ad
d
r
ess
ed
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
d
is
cr
i
m
i
n
ati
n
g
t
h
e
tar
g
et
ce
ll
u
s
er
s
an
d
i
n
ter
f
er
i
n
g
o
n
es
esp
ec
iall
y
t
h
o
s
e
s
it
u
a
ted
o
n
ed
g
e
o
f
th
e
ce
ll.
T
h
e
o
r
ig
in
ali
t
y
o
f
o
u
r
s
o
lu
tio
n
l
ies
i
n
t
h
e
f
ac
t
th
at
t
h
e
p
ilo
t
co
n
ta
m
i
n
atio
n
is
r
es
o
lv
ed
as
a
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ep
ar
atio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
u
s
i
n
g
ti
m
e
,
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
,
a
n
d
s
p
ac
e
v
ar
iab
l
es.
T
h
es
e
r
es
u
lts
ar
e
i
n
g
o
o
d
ag
r
ee
m
e
n
t
w
ith
t
h
e
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
t
h
e
b
eg
in
n
i
n
g
s
tip
u
lati
n
g
t
h
at
in
cl
u
d
in
g
2
D
DO
A
(
E
l
a
n
d
A
z
a
n
g
les)
w
o
u
ld
s
ep
ar
ate
th
e
u
s
er
s
o
f
ea
c
h
ce
l
l
in
co
n
tr
a
s
t
o
f
o
t
h
er
s
t
u
d
ies
w
h
ic
h
co
n
s
id
er
ed
a
1
D
DOA
.
On
e
q
u
e
s
tio
n
s
till
u
n
a
n
s
w
er
e
d
is
w
h
et
h
er
th
is
al
g
o
r
ith
m
ca
n
b
e
r
ea
d
il
y
u
s
ed
in
p
r
ac
tice
f
o
r
r
ea
l sy
s
te
m
w
it
h
h
ig
h
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
th
e
p
ilo
t
co
n
tam
i
n
atio
n
p
r
o
b
le
m
,
r
eg
ar
d
ed
as
a
b
o
ttlen
ec
k
o
f
Mu
lt
i
-
C
el
l
Ma
s
s
i
v
e
MI
MO
S
y
s
te
m
s
,
w
a
s
p
o
s
ed
an
d
s
o
lv
ed
as
a
s
o
u
r
ce
s
s
ep
ar
atio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
o
v
er
ti
m
e,
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
a
n
d
s
p
ac
e
d
o
m
ai
n
s
.
W
e
h
av
e
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
at
in
cl
u
d
in
g
a
n
o
th
er
p
ar
a
m
eter
f
o
r
DOA
es
ti
m
atio
n
(
b
o
th
ele
v
atio
n
an
d
az
i
m
u
th
)
in
s
tead
o
f
1
D
DO
A
(
elev
atio
n
o
n
l
y
)
b
r
o
u
g
h
t
m
o
r
e
p
r
ec
is
io
n
an
d
s
u
cc
ee
d
to
d
is
cr
i
m
i
n
ate
u
s
er
s
a
n
d
en
h
an
ce
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
s
ep
ar
atio
n
in
M
u
l
ti
-
C
ell
Ma
s
s
i
v
e
MI
MO
s
y
s
te
m
s
co
n
tex
t.
T
h
e
id
ea
f
u
ll
y
e
x
p
lo
its
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
Sp
atial
T
i
m
e
Fre
q
u
en
c
y
r
ep
r
esen
tat
io
n
s
an
d
th
eir
ap
p
licatio
n
to
d
ir
ec
tio
n
f
in
d
i
n
g
.
W
e
h
a
v
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
a
n
e
w
NU
-
TF
-
MU
SIC
m
et
h
o
d
f
o
r
E
l
-
A
z
e
s
ti
m
atio
n
t
o
d
is
t
in
g
u
is
h
b
et
w
ee
n
i
n
te
n
d
ed
u
s
er
s
an
d
in
ter
f
er
in
g
o
n
es.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
is
an
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
s
i
g
n
a
l
lo
ca
lizatio
n
an
d
s
ep
ar
atio
n
u
s
in
g
ti
m
e,
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
,
a
n
d
s
p
ac
e
v
ar
iab
les.
Nu
m
er
ical
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
ts
ill
u
s
tr
ated
th
e
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
a
n
d
e
f
f
ic
ie
n
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
th
e
Mu
lti
-
C
ell
Ma
s
s
i
v
e
MI
MO
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
N.
M
a
rc
h
e
tt
i,
“
T
o
w
a
rd
s th
e
5
t
h
G
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
W
irele
ss
Co
m
m
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
s
”
,
Co
RR
,
v
o
l.
a
b
s/1
7
0
2
.
0
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
]
J.
G
.
A
n
d
re
w
s
e
t
a
l.
,
“
W
h
a
t
W
il
l
5
G
Be
?
”
,
S
e
l.
Are
a
s Co
mm
u
n
.
IE
EE
J
.
,
v
o
l.
3
2
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
0
6
5
-
1
0
8
2
,
2
0
1
4
.
[3
]
F
.
Bo
c
c
a
rd
i,
R
.
He
a
th
,
A
.
L
o
z
a
n
o
,
T
.
L
.
M
a
rz
e
tt
a
,
a
n
d
P
.
P
o
p
o
v
sk
i,
“
F
iv
e
Disru
p
ti
v
e
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Dire
c
ti
o
n
s
f
o
r
5G
”
,
IEE
E
Co
mm
u
n
.
M
a
g
.
,
v
o
l
.
5
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
7
4
-
8
0
,
2
0
1
4
.
[4
]
A
.
Rg
h
io
u
i
a
n
d
A
.
Ou
m
n
a
d
,
“
In
t
e
rn
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s:
S
u
rv
e
y
s
f
o
r
m
e
a
su
rin
g
h
u
m
a
n
a
c
ti
v
it
ies
f
ro
m
e
v
e
r
y
w
h
e
r
e
”
,
In
t.
J
.
El
e
c
tr.
Co
mp
u
t.
E
n
g
.
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
.
2
4
7
4
,
2
0
1
7
.
[5
]
D.
-
T
.
Do
a
n
d
D.
-
A
.
N
g
u
y
e
n
,
“
T
h
e
M
a
x
i
m
a
l
S
INR
S
e
lec
ti
o
n
M
o
d
e
f
o
r
5
G
M
il
li
m
e
ter
-
W
a
v
e
M
IM
O:
M
o
d
e
l
S
y
st
e
m
s an
d
A
n
a
l
y
sis
”
,
In
d
o
n
e
s.
J
.
El
e
c
tr.
En
g
.
C
o
mp
u
t.
S
c
i.
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
5
0
-
1
5
7
,
2
0
1
7
.
[6
]
S
.
S
h
in
j
o
,
K.
Na
k
a
tan
i,
K.
T
su
ts
u
m
i,
a
n
d
H.
Na
k
a
m
izo
,
“
In
teg
ra
ti
n
g
th
e
F
ro
n
t
E
n
d
:
A
Hig
h
l
y
In
teg
ra
ted
RF
F
ro
n
t
En
d
f
o
r
Hig
h
-
S
HF
W
id
e
-
Ba
n
d
M
a
ss
iv
e
M
IM
O i
n
5
G
”
,
IEE
E
M
icr
o
w.
M
a
g
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
8
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
3
1
-
4
0
,
2
0
1
7
.
[7
]
G
.
F
o
d
o
r
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
n
Ov
e
rv
ie
w
o
f
M
a
ss
iv
e
M
IM
O
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
in
M
ET
IS
”
,
IEE
E
Co
mm
u
n
.
M
a
g
.
,
v
o
l.
5
5
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
5
5
-
1
6
1
,
2
0
1
7
.
[8
]
D.
Ge
sb
e
rt,
M
.
Ko
u
n
to
u
ris,
R.
W
.
He
a
th
,
C.
B.
Ch
a
e
,
a
n
d
T
.
S
ä
lze
r,
“
S
h
if
ti
n
g
th
e
M
IM
O
P
a
ra
d
ig
m
”
,
IEE
E
S
ig
n
a
l
Pro
c
e
ss
.
M
a
g
.
,
v
o
l
.
2
4
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
3
6
-
4
6
,
2
0
0
7
.
[9
]
G
.
Ca
ire
a
n
d
S
.
S
h
a
m
a
i,
“
On
th
e
A
c
h
ie
v
a
b
le
T
h
ro
u
g
h
p
u
t
o
f
a
M
u
l
ti
-
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
G
a
u
ss
ian
Bro
a
d
c
a
st
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
.
I
n
f.
T
h
e
o
ry
,
v
o
l.
4
9
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
1
6
9
1
-
1
7
0
6
.
[1
0
]
P
.
V
isw
a
n
a
th
a
n
d
D.
N.
C.
T
se
,
“
S
u
m
c
a
p
a
c
it
y
o
f
th
e
v
e
c
to
r
Ga
u
ss
ian
b
ro
a
d
c
a
st
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
a
n
d
u
p
li
n
k
-
d
o
w
n
li
n
k
d
u
a
li
t
y
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
I
n
f.
T
h
e
o
ry
,
v
o
l.
4
9
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
1
9
1
2
-
1
9
2
1
,
2
0
0
3
.
[1
1
]
S
.
V
ish
w
a
n
a
th
,
N.
Jin
d
a
l,
a
n
d
A
.
G
o
ld
s
m
it
h
,
“
Du
a
li
t
y
,
A
c
h
iev
a
b
le
Ra
te
s,
a
n
d
S
um
-
r
a
te
C
a
p
a
c
it
y
o
f
G
a
u
ss
ian
M
IM
O
Bro
a
d
c
a
st C
h
a
n
n
e
ls
”
,
IE
E
E
T
ra
n
s.
In
f.
T
h
e
o
ry
,
v
o
l.
4
9
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
2
6
5
8
-
2
6
6
8
,
2
0
0
3
.
[1
2
]
T
.
L
.
M
a
rz
e
tt
a
,
“
Ho
w
m
u
c
h
train
in
g
is
re
q
u
ired
f
o
r
m
u
lt
iu
se
r
M
I
M
O?
”
,
Co
n
f
.
Rec
.
-
Asil
o
ma
r
C
o
n
f.
S
i
g
n
a
ls,
S
y
st.
Co
mp
u
t
.
,
p
p
.
3
5
9
-
3
6
3
,
2
0
0
6
.
[1
3
]
F
.
Ru
se
k
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
c
a
li
n
g
u
p
M
IM
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