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Vo
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201
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3551
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1.
I
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RO
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O
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C
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r
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m
h
i
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to
co
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[1
]
.
No
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it
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to
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co
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n
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-
ca
lled
ac
ad
em
ic
ad
v
i
s
i
n
g
a
f
f
air
s
[
2
]
.
T
h
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ac
ad
em
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ad
v
is
o
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p
r
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ce
s
s
i
s
k
n
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p
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d
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[
3
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.
Facu
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a
s
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ican
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s
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cc
ess
.
T
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ac
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v
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s
o
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is
r
esp
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n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
:
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h
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t
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d
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in
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tatio
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w
i
th
s
p
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tio
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;
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f
o
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w
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-
u
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v
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o
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s
tu
d
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c
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m
ester
;
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a
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d
d
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w
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s
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v
i)
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m
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p
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f
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v
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s
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m
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d
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[
2
]
.
C
u
r
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en
t
w
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r
k
d
is
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s
s
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h
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ial
f
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to
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t
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s
tu
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ts
'
s
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I
t
s
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ts
to
co
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b
in
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t
h
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co
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t
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m
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al
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m
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.
T
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p
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p
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s
ed
m
o
d
el
ai
m
s
to
p
r
esen
t
a
f
r
a
m
e
w
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k
f
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th
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f
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t
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-
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m
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s
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.
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w
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k
is
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g
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t
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f
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:
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2
p
r
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th
e
f
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m
u
latio
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o
f
t
h
e
co
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s
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p
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b
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3
p
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r
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d
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tial
f
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to
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ata
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.
Secti
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d
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icu
l
u
m
p
l
an
)
f
o
r
o
b
tain
in
g
a
u
n
i
v
er
s
it
y
d
eg
r
ee
.
E
ac
h
co
u
r
s
e
c
∈
C
g
i
v
es
a
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
cr
ed
its
r
C
∈
ℤ
+
an
d
ar
e
m
i
g
h
t
b
e
in
p
r
er
eq
u
is
ite
r
elatio
n
(
m
i
g
h
t
f
in
d
co
u
r
s
e
s
w
it
h
o
u
t
a
n
y
p
r
er
eq
u
is
ite
s
u
ch
u
n
i
v
er
s
it
y
r
eq
u
ir
ed
co
u
r
s
es).
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
p
lan
ℒ
is
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
a
ca
d
em
ic
y
ea
r
s
,
a
n
d
ea
ch
ac
ad
em
ic
y
ea
r
is
d
i
v
id
ed
in
to
s
e
m
e
s
ter
s
.
E
ac
h
s
e
m
e
s
ter
s
,
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
ar
e
f
ac
ed
w
it
h
s
elec
ti
n
g
l
is
t
o
f
co
u
r
s
es
c
∈
C
t
w
h
er
e
C
t
is
lis
t
o
f
a
v
ailab
le
co
u
r
s
es
at
a
n
ac
ad
em
ic
s
e
m
ester
s
in
ca
s
e
th
e
y
s
ati
s
f
y
t
h
e
co
u
r
s
e
s
p
er
q
u
is
i
tes,
C
t
∈
∁
.
T
h
e
p
r
er
e
q
u
is
i
tes
ar
e
f
o
r
m
alize
d
as
a
d
ir
ec
ted
ac
y
clic
g
r
ap
h
D
=
(
V
c
,
A
)
,
w
h
er
e
V
c
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
co
u
r
s
e,
an
d
ea
ch
ar
c
(
i
,
j
)
∈
A
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
p
r
ec
ed
en
ce
r
elatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
co
u
r
s
e
i
an
d
j
in
ca
s
e
th
e
j
−
th
co
u
r
s
e
ca
n
n
o
t
m
a
s
ter
w
ith
o
u
t
tau
g
h
t
t
h
e
i
−
th
co
u
r
s
e.
L
et
also
ℒ
(
C
i
)
=
(
h
,
c
t
,
N
)
r
ep
r
esen
t
im
p
ac
t
o
f
a
i
th
co
u
r
s
e
o
n
th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
la
n
ℒ
,
w
h
er
e
h
is
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
le
v
el
o
f
C
i
,
c
t
is
o
p
en
ed
co
u
r
s
e
in
th
e
n
ex
t
s
e
m
e
s
ter
s
t
+
i
an
d
i
=
1
,
2
,
3
,
.
.
.
,
n
,
an
d
N
is
th
e
to
tal
o
p
en
ed
co
u
r
s
es in
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
p
l
an
ℒ
.
L
et
al
s
o
t
h
e
i
th
co
u
r
s
e
c
i
is
ta
u
g
h
t
b
y
d
if
f
er
en
t
i
n
s
tr
u
cto
r
s
T
at
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ti
m
e.
E
ac
h
s
e
m
e
s
ter
s
h
as
a
n
allo
w
ed
ac
ad
e
m
ic
lo
ad
λ
.
T
h
e
ac
ad
em
ic
lo
ad
is
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
tu
d
e
n
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
(
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
g
r
ad
e
p
o
in
t G
P
A
)
at
th
e
s
e
m
e
s
ter
t
−
1
.
L
et
λ
o
b
ey
s
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
:
-
if
s
t
u
d
en
t
's
GP
A
at
t
h
e
s
e
m
e
s
t
er
−
1
is
less
th
a
n
p
r
ed
ef
in
ed
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
,
o
n
ly
t
h
e
m
in
i
m
u
m
co
u
r
s
e
lo
ad
0
(
a
v
alu
e
o
f
ac
ad
e
m
ic
cr
ed
its
p
er
s
em
es
ter
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
co
n
s
id
er
a
s
tu
d
en
t
as
f
u
l
l
ti
m
e)
i
s
allo
w
ed
to
r
eg
is
ter
at
t
h
e
s
e
m
ester
o
th
er
wis
e
u
p
to
th
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
co
u
r
s
e
lo
ad
1
.
-
if
s
tu
d
e
n
t
i
s
ex
p
ec
ted
to
g
r
ad
u
ate
a
n
d
s
till
at
leas
t
a
q
u
i
te
litt
le
h
o
u
r
s
to
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
h
is
/
h
er
s
t
u
d
y
,
t
h
e
co
u
r
s
e
lo
ad
(
ex
ten
d
co
u
r
s
e
l
o
ad
)
is
e
x
ten
d
a
n
d
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
ar
e
allo
w
ed
to
r
eg
i
s
ter
m
o
r
e
h
o
u
r
s
at
th
e
s
e
m
e
s
ter
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
in
r
ea
l
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
r
ea
lm
,
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
av
o
id
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ab
o
v
e
s
ce
n
ar
io
,
th
e
ac
ad
em
ic
w
o
r
k
lo
ad
p
er
s
e
m
es
ter
n
ee
d
to
b
alan
ce
k
ee
p
in
g
th
e
p
r
er
eq
u
is
ite
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
th
at,
i
f
co
u
r
s
e
s
c
i
,
c
j
an
d
c
i
,
c
j
∈
C
ar
e
in
p
r
er
eq
u
is
i
te
r
elatio
n
,
t
h
en
it
i
s
b
etter
i
f
a
co
u
r
s
e
c
i
is
f
o
llo
w
ed
a
s
clo
s
e
as
p
o
s
s
ib
l
e
b
y
a
co
u
r
s
e
c
j
[
4
]
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
af
o
r
e
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
,
th
e
co
u
r
s
e
s
e
lectio
n
p
r
o
b
le
m
C
SP
,
n
o
w
,
is
f
o
r
m
u
lated
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
F
in
d
in
g
th
ese
co
u
r
s
es
p
er
s
eme
s
te
r
t
h
a
t
a
r
e,
o
n
o
n
e
h
a
n
d
,
mee
t
s
t
u
d
en
t's
p
r
eferen
ce
s
.
On
th
e
o
th
er h
a
n
d
,
ma
ximize h
is
/h
er g
r
a
d
u
a
tio
n
fin
a
l g
r
a
d
e
s
.
P
r
ac
tice
s
h
o
w
s
th
a
t
p
er
s
o
n
al
izin
g
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
'
s
t
u
d
y
p
lan
a
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
eir
p
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
lead
s
to
en
h
a
n
ce
th
eir
lear
n
i
n
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
w
it
h
a
lo
t
o
f
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
to
co
m
p
o
s
e
th
e
u
n
i
v
er
s
i
t
y
cu
r
r
ic
u
la,
r
estrictio
n
s
,
p
r
er
eq
u
is
ite
s
an
d
s
o
m
eti
m
es
t
h
e
u
n
i
v
er
s
it
y
's
r
u
l
e,
s
tu
d
en
t
s
m
a
y
n
o
t
b
e
ab
le
to
s
elec
t
co
u
r
s
e
s
et
th
at
m
ee
t
th
e
ir
n
ee
d
s
an
d
p
r
e
f
er
en
ce
s
.
F
u
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
i
f
t
h
e
y
d
o
n
o
t k
n
o
w
i
n
ad
v
a
n
ce
,
w
h
ic
h
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
k
ills
ar
e
ch
allen
g
ed
in
th
e
p
ar
ticu
l
ar
co
u
r
s
e,
th
e
y
m
a
y
s
elec
t/en
r
o
ll
in
co
u
r
s
e
s
th
a
t
ar
e
n
o
t
ad
eq
u
ate,
at
least,
at
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
ter
m
.
W
e
d
ef
en
d
o
n
th
e
id
ea
t
h
at,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
s
t
u
d
en
ts
w
it
h
s
u
itab
le
co
u
r
s
e
s
s
e
t
lead
s
to
m
ax
i
m
ize
th
eir
f
i
n
al
GP
A
.
T
h
e
co
u
r
s
e
s
elec
t
io
n
is
al
s
o
a
f
f
ec
ted
b
y
o
th
er
f
ac
to
r
s
:
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
'
s
r
ep
u
tatio
n
w
h
o
g
i
v
e
t
h
e
co
u
r
s
e
[
5
]
,
th
e
co
u
r
s
e
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
y
[
6
]
,
GP
A
v
alu
e
f
o
r
th
e
co
u
r
s
e
[
7
]
,
co
u
r
s
e
ti
m
e
s
c
h
ed
u
li
n
g
[
8
]
,
m
ar
k
et
d
em
a
n
d
[
9
]
,
p
ee
r
s
'
ad
v
ices,
an
d
ex
is
ti
n
g
f
r
ie
n
d
s
i
n
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
g
r
o
u
p
/s
ec
tio
n
(
s
ee
Sectio
n
4
)
.
3.
RE
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
S
Du
r
in
g
t
h
e
r
eg
is
tr
atio
n
p
er
io
d
,
at
an
ac
ad
em
ic
in
s
tit
u
tio
n
,
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
s
h
o
u
ld
d
eter
m
in
e
w
h
ic
h
co
u
r
s
e
s
w
ill
b
e
tak
in
g
o
r
d
r
o
p
p
in
g
w
i
th
i
n
a
v
ailab
l
e
r
eg
is
tr
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
teac
h
i
n
g
s
ta
f
f
a
n
d
ad
m
in
i
s
tr
at
io
n
w
it
h
clea
r
v
is
io
n
ab
o
u
t
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
'
p
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
,
r
eq
u
ir
ed
class
lis
t
s
,
a
n
d
t
h
eir
n
u
m
b
er
i
n
ea
c
h
c
lass
.
Ho
wev
er
,
t
h
e
s
itu
a
tio
n
,
in
r
ea
lit
y
,
is
o
n
t
h
e
o
p
p
o
s
ite.
T
h
e
t
i
m
etab
le
co
m
m
ittee
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
s
t
h
e
w
h
o
le
ti
m
e
tab
l
es
an
d
th
e
n
as
k
s
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
to
c
h
o
o
s
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
a
v
ailab
le
co
u
r
s
e
lis
t
s
.
St
u
d
en
ts
,
i
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
n
ee
d
to
co
n
s
u
lt
t
h
ei
r
ac
ad
em
ic
ad
v
is
o
r
s
b
e
f
o
r
e
ac
ce
s
s
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
I
n
ca
s
e
o
f
u
n
av
ai
lab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
ad
v
is
o
r
o
r
lazin
e
s
s
to
s
ee
k
a
d
v
ice,
th
e
s
e
m
a
y
ca
u
s
e
to
d
e
la
y
t
h
e
r
eg
is
tr
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
th
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
m
a
k
e
d
ec
is
io
n
s
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
t
h
eir
o
w
n
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
an
d
th
e
a
v
ailab
le
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
[
6
]
.
I
n
d
ee
d
,
th
e
d
escr
ib
ed
ab
o
v
e
p
r
o
b
lem
ca
n
b
e
tac
k
led
s
e
v
er
al
w
a
y
s
.
J
u
s
t
a
s
e
x
a
m
p
le
s
,
w
e
ca
n
m
en
tio
n
ed
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
:
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
i
n
g
(
C
P
)
[
1
0
]
,
in
te
g
e
r
li
n
ea
r
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
in
g
(
I
L
P
)
p
r
o
b
lem
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
,
h
y
b
r
id
te
ch
n
iq
u
es
b
ased
o
n
g
e
n
etic
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
a
n
d
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
in
g
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
,
in
te
g
er
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
i
n
g
a
n
d
h
y
b
r
id
lo
ca
l
s
ea
r
ch
m
et
h
o
d
[
4
]
,
g
e
n
er
alize
d
q
u
ad
r
atic
ass
ig
n
m
en
t
p
r
o
b
le
m
[
1
5
]
,
an
d
an
t c
o
lo
n
y
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
m
eta
-
h
eu
r
i
s
tic
m
o
d
el
[
1
6
]
.
I
n
th
is
w
o
r
k
,
w
e
p
r
esen
t
t
h
e
C
SP
as
m
u
lti
-
cr
iter
ia
b
ased
d
ec
is
io
n
p
r
o
b
lem
(
M
C
DP
)
.
Gu
n
ad
h
i
et
al.
,
[
1
6
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
d
ec
is
io
n
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
co
u
r
s
e
ad
v
is
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
o
n
s
tu
d
e
n
t’
s
n
ee
d
to
k
n
o
w
“wh
at
to
d
o
”
an
d
“
h
o
w
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
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8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
7
:
3
5
3
6
–
3
5
5
1
3538
to
d
o
it”.
A
t
th
e
co
r
e
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
lies
t
h
e
cu
r
r
ic
u
lu
m
g
e
n
er
ato
r
w
h
ic
h
cu
s
to
m
ize
s
th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
lan
to
ea
ch
in
d
iv
id
u
al
'
s
n
ee
d
s
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
c
es
a
s
c
h
ed
u
le
f
o
r
th
e
co
u
r
s
es
ch
o
s
en
.
C
u
s
to
m
izi
n
g
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
p
lan
is
d
ep
en
d
o
n
th
e
co
u
r
s
e
s
elec
tio
n
cr
iter
io
n
.
So
m
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
allo
w
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
to
r
eq
u
est
o
n
l
y
co
u
r
s
es
f
o
r
w
h
ich
th
e
y
h
av
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
p
r
e
r
eq
u
is
ites
a
n
d
co
-
r
eq
u
is
ite
s
[
1
7
]
.
I
n
th
e
o
th
e
r
s
,
th
e
co
u
r
s
es
ar
e
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
b
ased
o
n
b
alan
cin
g
th
e
co
u
r
s
e
lo
ad
,
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
th
e
co
u
r
s
e
o
f
f
er
i
n
g
,
s
h
o
r
ten
i
n
g
th
e
p
at
h
le
n
g
th
to
g
r
ad
u
atio
n
,
s
t
u
d
en
ts
'
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
an
d
t
h
eir
p
r
o
g
r
ess
in
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
C
u
r
r
en
t
ac
ad
e
m
ic
s
y
s
te
m
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
a
v
ai
lab
le
co
u
r
s
es
a
n
d
p
r
o
f
ess
o
r
s
w
h
o
w
il
l
teac
h
t
h
e
m
,
s
ec
t
io
n
s
,
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
i
n
ea
c
h
s
ec
tio
n
,
a
n
d
s
ch
ed
u
le.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
ab
o
u
t
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
'
p
r
ev
io
u
s
p
r
o
g
r
ess
f
r
o
m
c
u
r
r
en
t/p
ast
en
r
o
ll
m
en
t
i
s
u
s
u
a
ll
y
i
g
n
o
r
ed
ev
en
t
h
o
u
g
h
s
u
c
h
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ar
e
p
r
icele
s
s
tr
ea
s
u
r
e
in
f
i
n
d
in
g
i
n
ter
d
ep
en
d
en
t
co
u
r
s
es.
I
n
t
h
i
s
d
ir
ec
tio
n
,
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
d
ata
m
i
n
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
s
u
cc
e
s
s
f
u
ll
y
ap
p
lied
.
Ass
o
cia
tio
n
r
u
les
e.
g
.
,
ar
e
u
s
ed
a
s
a
w
a
y
to
s
ee
k
d
ep
en
d
e
n
c
y
a
m
o
n
g
co
u
r
s
es
o
f
a
cu
r
r
icu
l
u
m
p
lan
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
co
u
r
s
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ics
s
i
m
ilar
ities
o
f
f
o
r
m
er
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
'
s
t
u
d
y
w
er
e
u
s
ed
i
n
o
p
tim
izin
g
c
u
r
r
icu
la
o
f
c
u
r
r
en
t stu
d
e
n
ts
[
7
]
,
[
2
3
]
.
4.
I
NF
L
U
E
N
T
I
A
L
F
AC
T
O
RS
on
ST
UD
E
N
T
S
S
E
L
E
C
T
I
O
N
I
n
th
e
u
n
i
v
er
s
itie
s
w
h
er
e
s
t
u
d
en
ts
h
av
e
a
ch
a
n
ce
to
s
elec
t
a
n
d
en
r
o
ll
in
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
co
u
r
s
e,
s
elec
tin
g
th
e
o
p
ti
m
u
m
s
et
o
f
co
u
r
s
e
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
a
v
ailab
le
co
u
r
s
es
p
o
o
l
is
a
h
ig
h
r
is
k
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
a
k
in
g
s
it
u
atio
n
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
cu
m
u
lati
v
e
i
m
p
ac
t
w
ill
e
f
f
ec
t
n
eg
a
tiv
e
l
y
/
p
o
s
it
iv
el
y
o
n
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
'
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
p
r
o
g
r
ess
,
th
eir
e
x
p
ec
ted
g
r
ad
u
ate
d
ate
an
d
t
h
e
f
i
n
al
G
P
A
as
w
ell
as
th
e
ir
ca
r
ee
r
d
ir
ec
tio
n
a
n
d
f
u
t
u
r
e
e
m
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
.
A
s
m
en
tio
n
ed
b
e
f
o
r
e,
co
u
r
s
e
s
ele
ctio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
s
i
n
f
l
u
en
ce
d
s
e
v
er
al
f
ac
to
r
s
.
An
al
y
s
i
s
t
h
e
r
es
ea
r
ch
liter
at
u
r
e
a
n
d
th
e
co
n
d
u
cted
q
u
e
s
tio
n
n
air
e,
w
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ize
t
h
e
s
e
f
ac
to
r
s
in
to
t
h
r
ee
m
ain
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
f
co
n
ce
r
n
s
:
(
i)
co
u
r
s
e
fa
cto
r
s
,
(
ii)
s
o
cia
l
fa
cto
r
s
,
an
d
(
iii)
in
d
ivid
u
a
l
fa
cto
r
s
.
I
n
d
e
ed
,
th
ese
g
r
o
u
p
s
i
s
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
ed
in
to
s
u
b
-
g
r
o
u
p
s
w
h
ic
h
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
n
t
h
e
w
h
o
l
e
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
S
in
ce
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
co
u
r
s
es
ar
e
s
el
ec
ted
w
i
th
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
an
d
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es,
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
m
u
s
t ta
k
e
a
ll th
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
co
n
c
u
r
r
en
tl
y
(
s
ee
Fig
u
r
e
1
b
elo
w
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
I
n
f
u
en
t
ial
f
ac
to
r
s
o
n
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
'
co
u
r
s
e
s
elec
tio
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
S
o
lvin
g
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o
u
r
s
e
S
elec
tio
n
P
r
o
b
lem
b
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mb
in
a
tio
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f Co
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tio
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A
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lysi
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(
Mo
h
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d
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l
-
S
a
r
em
)
3539
Nex
t,
w
e
d
is
cu
s
s
th
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
th
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
o
n
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
'
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
a
k
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
s
h
o
w
h
o
w
w
il
l
t
h
e
y
en
g
a
g
e
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
ab
le
1
g
iv
es
a
b
r
ief
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
d
ec
i
s
io
n
attr
ib
u
tes
th
at
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
d
r
iv
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Descr
ip
tio
n
o
f
cr
iter
ia
an
d
d
ec
is
io
n
attr
ib
u
te
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
s
elec
ti
n
g
a
co
u
r
s
e
C
r
i
t
e
r
i
a
D
e
c
i
si
o
n
a
t
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
s
R
e
f
e
r
s t
o
:
C
o
u
r
se
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
C
o
u
r
se
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
st
i
c
s
C
o
u
r
se
c
r
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d
i
t
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r
s,
D
i
st
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a
c
o
u
r
se
a
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q
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i
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s,
S
t
u
d
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n
t
c
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p
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f
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a
g
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r
se
I
n
st
r
u
c
t
o
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c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
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st
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c
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P
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r
so
n
a
l
i
n
st
r
u
c
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h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
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c
s
,
I
n
s
t
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u
c
t
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a
sse
ssm
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n
t
a
p
p
r
o
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h
,
I
n
st
r
u
c
t
o
r
l
e
c
t
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t
y
l
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T
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a
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a
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a
g
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C
o
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t
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a
c
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a
g
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S
o
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t
o
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s
P
e
e
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o
p
i
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o
n
s
P
e
e
r
s' f
e
e
d
b
a
c
k
C
l
o
se
d
F
r
i
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n
d
Ex
i
st
i
n
g
i
n
t
h
e
c
l
a
ss
a
c
l
o
se
d
f
r
i
e
n
d
C
a
m
p
u
s
L
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
L
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
c
l
a
ss
r
o
o
m,
C
a
mp
u
s l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
I
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
C
o
u
r
se
t
i
me
sch
e
d
u
l
i
n
g
T
i
me
w
h
e
n
st
u
d
e
n
t
a
t
t
e
n
d
t
h
e
c
l
a
ss
S
t
u
d
e
n
t
d
e
ma
n
d
s
S
t
u
d
e
n
t
's
i
n
t
e
r
e
st
i
n
a
c
o
u
r
se
,
j
o
b
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
i
t
i
e
s,
L
o
c
a
l
l
a
b
o
r
.
L
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
st
y
l
e
A
w
a
y
o
r
a
n
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
a
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
f
o
l
l
o
w
s i
n
t
h
e
c
o
u
r
se
o
f
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
.
4
.
1
.
Co
urs
e
Cha
ra
ct
er
is
t
ics
-
Co
urs
e
Cha
ra
ct
er
is
t
ics
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
a
ir
e
r
esu
lt
s
s
h
o
w
t
h
at
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
'
ch
o
ices
r
e
g
a
r
d
in
g
co
u
r
s
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
a
r
e
d
ep
en
d
m
ai
n
l
y
o
n
th
e
d
i
f
f
icu
l
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
co
u
r
s
e,
co
u
r
s
e
w
e
ig
h
t
(
co
u
r
s
e
cr
ed
it
h
o
u
r
)
,
d
is
tan
ce
b
etw
ee
n
a
co
u
r
s
e
an
d
its
p
r
er
eq
u
is
ites
,
a
n
d
s
tu
d
e
n
t c
o
m
p
ete
n
ce
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Cha
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[
5
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[
2
4
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d
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w
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l
t
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2
5
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No
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2
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[
2
9
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[
3
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cc
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2
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3
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v
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ip
[
3
3
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3
4
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3
2
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f
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3
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.
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.
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4
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4
.
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I
t
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h
a
t
a
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se
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p
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s'
o
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0
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6
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5.
W
O
RK
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
T
h
e
co
r
e
o
f
th
is
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
is
t
o
b
u
ild
a
d
ec
is
io
n
m
o
d
el
w
h
i
ch
ai
m
a
t
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elp
a
n
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
e
n
r
o
ll
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
r
eg
is
tr
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
is
t
w
o
-
p
h
a
s
ed
p
r
o
ce
s
s
(
Fig
u
r
e
2
)
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
p
h
ase
,
is
s
i
m
ilar
to
t
h
o
s
e
p
r
ese
n
ted
i
n
[
2
3
]
w
h
er
e
th
e
m
o
s
t c
o
r
r
elate
d
co
u
r
s
es a
r
e
g
e
n
er
ated
.
A
t
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
h
ase,
t
h
e
s
tu
d
e
n
t
p
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
ar
e
tak
i
n
g
in
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
.
T
h
is
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
ar
e
p
r
io
r
itized
u
s
i
n
g
m
u
lti
-
cr
iter
ia
a
n
al
y
tic
h
ier
ar
ch
y
p
r
o
ce
s
s
(
MC
-
A
HP
)
.
T
o
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
c
o
n
tex
t
a
n
d
th
e
u
s
ed
d
ata,
in
t
h
e
n
ex
t
s
ec
tio
n
s
,
w
e
p
r
esen
t a
b
r
ief
ex
p
la
n
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
u
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
s
,
th
e
ap
p
licati
o
n
d
o
m
ai
n
,
an
d
t
h
e
g
at
h
er
ed
d
ata.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
7
:
3
5
3
6
–
3
5
5
1
3542
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
R
esear
ch
Me
th
o
d
o
lo
g
y
5
.
1
.
T
he
Used M
et
ho
ds
-
Co
rr
ela
t
io
n Ana
ly
s
is
Ob
s
er
v
i
n
g
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
a
m
o
n
g
v
ar
iab
les i
s
a
clas
s
ical
d
ata
m
in
i
n
g
tas
k
.
B
r
o
ad
ly
,
t
h
er
e
ar
e
f
o
u
r
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
m
in
i
n
g
: a
s
s
o
ciatio
n
r
u
le
m
i
n
in
g
,
co
r
r
elatio
n
m
i
n
in
g
,
s
eq
u
en
t
ial
p
atter
n
m
i
n
in
g
,
a
n
d
ca
u
s
a
l d
ata
m
i
n
in
g
[
8
]
.
T
o
h
elp
s
tu
d
en
t
in
m
a
k
i
n
g
a
d
ec
is
io
n
o
f
w
h
ic
h
c
o
u
r
s
e
h
e
/s
h
e
s
h
o
u
ld
to
tak
e,
it
is
h
elp
f
u
l
f
in
d
i
n
g
p
o
s
itiv
e
o
r
n
eg
at
iv
e
li
n
ea
r
co
r
r
elatio
n
s
b
et
w
ee
n
co
u
r
s
es.
Of
te
n
,
to
r
ep
r
esen
t t
h
e
co
r
r
elat
io
n
g
r
ap
h
icall
y
,
a
s
ca
t
ter
d
ia
g
r
a
m
i
s
u
s
ed
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
p
air
o
f
p
o
in
ts
/d
ata
(
x
,
y
)
is
allo
ca
ted
o
n
a
n
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
co
o
r
d
in
ate
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
lin
ea
r
co
r
r
elatio
n
co
ef
f
ic
ien
t
m
ea
s
u
r
es
th
e
s
tr
en
g
t
h
o
f
th
e
l
in
ea
r
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
t
w
o
v
ar
iab
les;
it
r
ef
lect
s
t
h
e
co
n
s
is
ten
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
t t
h
at
a
c
h
an
g
e
i
n
o
n
e
v
ar
iab
le
h
a
s
o
n
th
e
o
th
er
.
I
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
l
r
ea
l
m
,
th
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
t
w
o
co
u
r
s
e
s
C
i
a
n
d
C
j
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
c
or
r
(
C
i
,
C
j
)
=
∑
(
g
i
c
i
−
g
̅
c
i
)
(
g
i
c
j
−
g
̅
c
j
)
k
i
=
1
√
∑
(
g
i
c
i
−
g
̅
c
i
)
2
k
i
=
1
√
∑
(
g
i
c
j
−
g
̅
c
j
)
2
k
i
=
1
(
4
)
g
i
c
i
-
is
g
r
ad
e
p
o
in
ts
f
o
r
th
e
i
th
co
u
r
s
e
g
i
c
j
-
is
g
r
ad
e
p
o
in
ts
f
o
r
th
e
j
th
co
u
r
s
e
g
̅
c
i
-
is
a
v
er
ag
e
g
r
ad
e
p
o
in
t f
o
r
all
s
tu
d
en
ts
w
h
o
ta
k
e
t
h
e
i
th
co
u
r
s
e
g
̅
c
j
-
is
a
v
er
ag
e
g
r
ad
e
p
o
in
t f
o
r
all
s
tu
d
en
ts
w
h
o
ta
k
e
t
h
e
j
th
co
u
r
s
e
k
-
is
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
w
h
o
ta
k
e
C
i
an
d
C
j
.
T
h
e
lin
ea
r
co
r
r
elatio
n
co
ef
f
ici
en
t
tak
e
s
v
a
lu
e
b
et
w
ee
n
−1
an
d
+1
:
c
or
r
(
C
i
,
C
j
)
=
+1
r
ef
lects a
p
er
f
ec
t p
o
s
itiv
e
lin
ea
r
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
b
o
th
co
u
r
s
es
C
i
an
d
C
j
.
c
or
r
(
C
i
,
C
j
)
=
−1
r
ef
lects a
p
er
f
ec
t n
e
g
ativ
e
lin
ea
r
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
b
o
th
co
u
r
s
es
C
i
an
d
C
j
.
c
or
r
(
C
i
,
C
j
)
=
0
m
ea
n
s
t
h
at
t
h
er
e
is
NO
li
n
ea
r
co
r
r
elatio
n
.
if
th
e
ca
lc
u
lated
v
al
u
e
is
clo
s
e
to
+1
o
r
−
1
,
w
e
th
e
n
s
u
p
p
o
s
e
th
at
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
t
w
o
v
ar
iab
les
th
er
e
is
a
lin
ea
r
co
r
r
elatio
n
.
-
M
ulti
-
cr
it
er
ia
Ana
ly
t
ic
H
ier
a
rc
hy
P
ro
ce
s
s
A
HP
i
s
a
w
ell
-
estab
li
s
h
ed
d
ec
is
io
n
m
a
k
i
n
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
d
ea
lin
g
w
it
h
m
u
lti
-
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
a
l
an
d
o
f
te
n
co
n
tr
ad
icto
r
y
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
o
f
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als
[
5
]
.
T
h
e
A
HP
r
an
k
s
alter
n
a
tiv
e
s
i
n
v
ie
w
o
f
cr
ite
r
ia
an
d
s
u
b
-
cr
i
ter
ia
(
f
ac
to
r
s
)
.
I
n
AHP
,
w
e
s
tar
t
f
ir
s
tl
y
w
it
h
r
ep
r
ese
n
tin
g
th
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
w
it
h
a
h
ier
ar
ch
al
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
w
h
ic
h
i
s
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
all
f
ac
to
r
s
an
d
alter
n
ati
v
es.
T
h
e
h
ier
ar
ch
al
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
m
ai
n
l
y
estab
li
s
h
e
s
t
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
lev
e
ls
o
f
th
e
h
ier
ar
c
h
y
o
r
d
er
at
w
h
ic
h
w
e
p
lace
t
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
(
th
e
Go
al)
at
th
e
to
p
o
f
th
e
h
ier
ar
c
h
y
,
th
e
cr
iter
ia
a
n
d
s
u
b
-
cr
iter
ia
at
in
ter
m
ed
iate
le
v
els,
a
n
d
f
i
n
all
y
th
e
alter
n
ati
v
es a
r
e
p
lace
d
at
th
e
lo
w
est le
v
el
o
f
th
e
o
r
d
er
.
I
n
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
tep
,
a
p
air
-
w
is
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
j
u
d
g
m
e
n
ts
ar
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t,
f
o
r
ea
ch
cr
iter
io
n
,
u
s
in
g
a
n
in
e
p
o
in
ts
s
ca
le
(
1
=
eq
u
iv
a
len
t,.
.
.
,
9
=
ex
tr
e
m
el
y
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
)
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
ea
ch
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
is
a
m
atr
ix
(
n
×
n
)
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
d
iag
o
n
al
ele
m
e
n
ts
a
ii
ar
e
eq
u
al
to
o
n
e,
i
=
1
,
2
,
…
,
n
,
an
d
if
a
ij
=
x
,
th
en
a
ij
=
1
x
⁄
w
h
er
e
x
≠
0
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
S
o
lvin
g
C
o
u
r
s
e
S
elec
tio
n
P
r
o
b
lem
b
y
a
C
o
mb
in
a
tio
n
o
f Co
r
r
ela
tio
n
A
n
a
lysi
s
…
(
Mo
h
a
mme
d
A
l
-
S
a
r
em
)
3543
A
=
[
a
11
a
12
⋯
a
1n
a
21
⋮
a
22
⋯
⋮
⋱
a
2n
⋮
a
n1
a
n2
⋯
a
nn
]
Nex
t
s
tep
o
f
th
e
A
HP
(
s
co
r
in
g
a
n
d
w
ei
g
h
tin
g
)
is
to
co
m
p
u
te
eig
en
v
ec
to
r
s
u
j
=
(
u
1
,
u
2
,
…
,
u
n
)
b
y
s
o
lv
i
n
g
AW
=
λ
m
ax
.
W
,
w
h
er
e
λ
-
i
s
an
ei
g
en
-
v
alu
e
an
d
W
-
is
ei
g
en
v
ec
to
r
.
T
h
e
f
in
al
s
tep
o
f
A
HP
is
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
co
n
s
is
ten
c
y
ch
ec
k
(
co
n
s
is
te
n
c
y
r
atio
CR
)
b
y
d
iv
id
in
g
t
h
e
co
n
s
is
ten
c
y
in
d
e
x
CI
b
y
th
e
r
an
d
o
m
i
n
d
ex
RI
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
co
n
s
i
s
ten
c
y
i
n
d
ex
CI
is
ca
lcu
lated
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
CI
=
(
λ
m
ax
−
n
)
/
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2
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Appl
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t
io
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m
a
in
T
o
s
h
o
w
h
o
w
t
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d
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r
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tr
atio
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p
r
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ce
s
s
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th
e
e
x
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t
ial
p
ar
t o
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t
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k
w
as
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ev
elo
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in
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h
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S
y
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te
m
at
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ah
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i
v
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y
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Ki
n
g
d
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A
r
ab
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s
t
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y
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T
aib
ah
Un
i
v
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s
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ar
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ea
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p
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w
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is
o
p
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l
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if
t
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is
a
q
u
ite
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u
m
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o
f
s
tu
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ts
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h
o
f
ailed
p
ass
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co
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r
s
e
i
n
r
eg
u
la
r
ter
m
s
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h
e
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u
lar
ter
m
s
ar
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s
p
an
n
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f
o
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m
o
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t
h
s
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w
h
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t
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m
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m
p
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ess
ed
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n
ce
2
0
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th
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ac
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ic
p
r
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m
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r
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w
e
v
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n
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m
b
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cr
ed
it
h
o
u
r
s
is
s
till
th
e
s
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m
e.
E
ac
h
p
r
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g
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co
n
s
is
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f
t
w
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p
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:
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th
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p
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w
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1
4
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o
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u
n
i
v
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t
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r
eq
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,
1
9
cr
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it
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r
s
o
f
f
ac
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lt
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eq
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d
4
6
cr
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it
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r
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f
d
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tm
e
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t r
eq
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ir
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s
es n
i
n
e
o
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t
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m
ar
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co
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I
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er
to
p
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6
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r
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t
u
d
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w
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GP
A
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an
t
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p
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2
.
5
o
u
t
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f
5
)
f
o
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eq
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en
tial
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ic
ter
m
s
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w
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t
b
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ab
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to
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t
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a
m
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p
r
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t
h
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lin
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m
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m
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y
as
s
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m
ic
a
d
v
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s
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h
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d
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s
elig
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p
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y
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5
.
3
.
Da
t
a
Descript
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Sin
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t
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ac
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ti
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t
h
e
h
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to
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ical
r
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ata
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r
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m
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if
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t
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ea
c
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m
w
it
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4
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co
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s
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r
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etails
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to
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s
t
u
d
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a
n
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class
e
s
,
s
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T
ab
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.
Du
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to
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m
o
d
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f
icat
io
n
o
r
ch
a
n
g
es
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n
t
h
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r
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s
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p
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eq
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ch
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g
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)
,
w
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f
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s
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2
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1
to
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n
a
m
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T
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ac
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m
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av
er
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clas
s
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