I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l a
nd
Co
m
p
ute
r
E
ng
in
ee
ring
(
I
J
E
CE
)
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
201
9
,
p
p
.
1924
~
1
9
3
4
I
SS
N:
2088
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8708
,
DOI
: 1
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1
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5
9
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i
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.
v
9
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3
.
p
p
1
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2
4
-
1934
1924
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ia
e
s
co
r
e
.
co
m/
jo
u
r
n
a
ls
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d
ex
.
p
h
p
/
I
JE
C
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A
c
o
lla
bo
ra
tive
p
hy
sica
l
l
a
y
er
secu
rity s
che
m
e
Di
m
it
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E
f
s
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a
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De
p
a
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n
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o
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In
f
o
rm
a
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s E
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e
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T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ica
l
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
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a
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In
stit
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Ce
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tral
M
a
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ia
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S
e
rre
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nfo
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to
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y:
R
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y
9
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2
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1
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ev
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v
1
7
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0
1
8
A
cc
ep
ted
Dec
1
1
,
2
0
1
8
Hig
h
lev
e
l
o
f
s
e
c
u
rit
y
is
e
ss
e
n
ti
a
l
in
w
irele
ss
5
G
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
.
T
h
e
las
t
f
e
w
y
e
a
r
s
th
e
re
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
a
n
in
c
r
e
a
se
in
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
st
in
th
e
p
o
ten
ti
a
l
o
f
th
e
ra
d
io
c
h
a
n
n
e
l’s
p
h
y
sic
a
l
p
ro
p
e
rti
e
s
to
p
ro
v
i
d
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
se
c
u
rit
y
.
T
h
e
se
r
e
se
a
r
c
h
e
ff
o
rts
in
v
e
stig
a
t
e
f
a
d
in
g
,
in
terf
e
re
n
c
e
,
a
n
d
p
a
th
d
iv
e
rsity
to
d
e
v
e
lo
p
se
c
u
rit
y
te
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s
f
o
r
im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
i
n
5
G
Ne
w
R
a
d
io
(NR).
In
th
is
p
a
p
e
r,
w
e
p
ro
p
o
se
a
c
o
ll
a
b
o
ra
ti
v
e
sc
h
e
m
e
to
e
x
isti
n
g
p
h
y
s
ica
l
la
y
e
r
se
c
u
rit
y
s
c
h
e
m
e
s,
ta
k
in
g
a
d
v
a
n
tag
e
o
f
th
e
c
h
a
ra
c
teristic
s
o
f
th
e
OFDM
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
.
A
n
OFDM
s
y
m
b
o
l
in
c
lu
d
e
s
th
e
p
il
o
t
su
b
c
a
rriers
,
ty
p
ica
ll
y
e
ss
e
n
ti
a
l
f
o
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th
e
p
il
o
t
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
e
stim
a
ti
o
n
p
ro
c
e
ss
p
e
rf
o
rm
e
d
a
t
th
e
leg
it
ima
te
re
c
e
iv
e
r.
In
th
is
w
o
rk
w
e
p
ro
p
o
s
e
th
e
p
o
siti
o
n
s
o
f
th
e
su
b
c
a
rriers
to
c
h
a
n
g
e
o
n
e
v
e
ry
OFDM
s
y
m
b
o
l
f
o
ll
o
w
i
n
g
a
p
ro
b
a
b
il
it
y
d
istri
b
u
t
io
n
k
n
o
w
n
o
n
ly
to
th
e
leg
it
im
a
te
tran
s
m
it
ter
a
n
d
leg
it
im
a
te
re
c
e
iv
e
r.
A
n
e
a
v
e
sd
ro
p
p
e
r,
d
o
e
s
n
o
t
h
a
v
e
a
c
c
e
ss
to
th
e
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
p
il
o
t
su
b
c
a
rriers
p
o
siti
o
n
s
so
,
it
p
e
rf
o
r
m
s
b
li
n
d
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
e
stim
a
ti
o
n
.
T
h
e
th
e
o
re
ti
c
a
l
a
n
a
ly
sis
is
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
th
e
o
re
ti
c
p
ro
b
lem
f
o
rm
u
latio
n
a
n
d
is
c
o
n
f
irme
d
b
y
sim
u
latio
n
s.
T
h
e
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
m
e
tri
c
s
u
se
d
a
re
th
e
se
c
re
c
y
c
a
p
a
c
it
y
a
n
d
th
e
o
u
tag
e
p
ro
b
a
b
il
it
y
.
T
h
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
sc
h
e
m
e
is
v
e
r
y
si
m
p
le
a
n
d
ro
b
u
st
,
stre
n
g
th
e
n
i
n
g
se
c
u
rit
y
in
m
u
lt
im
e
d
ia ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
OFDM
O
u
ta
g
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
P
h
y
s
ical
la
y
er
s
ec
u
r
it
y
P
ilo
t c
h
an
n
e
l e
s
ti
m
atio
n
Secr
ec
y
ca
p
ac
it
y
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
2
0
1
9
In
stit
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts
re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Di
m
itrio
s
E
f
s
tath
io
u
,
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
I
n
f
o
r
m
atic
s
E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
,
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
ical
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
a
l I
n
s
titu
te
o
f
C
e
n
tr
al
Ma
ce
d
o
n
ia,
T
er
m
a
Ma
g
n
esia
s
Stre
et,
Ser
r
es 6
2
1
2
4
,
Gr
ee
ce
.
E
m
ail:
d
ef
s
tat
@
tei
s
er
.
g
r
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
1
.
1
.
B
a
ck
g
ro
un
d
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
p
a
y
m
u
c
h
att
en
tio
n
to
s
ec
u
r
it
y
i
s
s
u
es
f
o
r
t
h
e
5
G
Ne
w
R
ad
io
(
NR
)
p
h
y
s
ical
la
y
er
.
T
h
is
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
m
an
d
ato
r
y
d
u
e
to
th
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
all
-
I
P
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
th
e
g
r
o
w
i
n
g
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
u
b
s
cr
ib
er
s
,
t
h
e
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
t
io
n
o
f
m
o
s
t
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
to
t
h
e
i
n
ter
n
et
a
n
d
h
ig
h
p
r
i
v
ac
y
n
ee
d
s
o
f
s
o
m
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
ec
u
r
it
y
r
u
n
n
i
n
g
o
n
to
d
a
y
’
s
s
m
ar
t
d
ev
ic
es
is
v
u
ln
er
ab
le
to
m
al
w
ar
e
an
d
o
th
er
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
-
b
ased
attac
k
s
,
a
s
t
h
ese
d
e
v
ice
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
in
s
en
s
iti
v
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
lik
e
b
a
n
k
in
g
,
lo
ca
tio
n
-
b
ase
d
s
er
v
ices,
o
r
ev
e
n
e
-
h
ea
lth
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
m
a
k
in
g
th
e
m
m
o
r
e
attr
ac
tiv
e
i
n
attac
k
s
.
So
th
er
e
is
a
n
ee
d
f
o
r
f
u
r
th
e
r
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
an
d
s
tr
en
g
th
e
n
i
n
g
o
f
5
G
m
o
b
ile
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
ec
u
r
it
y
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
s
.
Mo
s
t
s
ec
u
r
it
y
p
r
o
to
co
ls
ap
p
ly
cr
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
ic
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
f
o
r
b
it
s
cr
am
b
li
n
g
at
th
e
u
p
p
er
la
y
er
s
o
f
a
w
ir
ele
s
s
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
b
y
ex
p
lo
iti
n
g
a
s
h
ar
ed
s
ec
r
et
k
e
y
b
et
w
ee
n
p
air
s
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
icat
in
g
n
o
d
e
s
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
b
en
e
f
it
o
f
p
h
y
s
ical
la
y
er
s
ec
u
r
it
y
–
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
cr
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
ic
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
-
i
s
t
h
at
it c
a
n
e
x
p
lo
it t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
m
o
s
tl
y
t
h
e
ch
a
n
n
el
c
h
ar
ac
te
r
is
tics
,
li
k
e
m
u
ltip
ath
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
,
w
it
h
o
u
t
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
m
u
c
h
,
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
u
p
p
er
-
la
y
er
s
ec
u
r
it
y
.
A
l
s
o
,
it
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
in
co
n
j
u
n
ctio
n
w
i
th
u
p
p
er
la
y
er
s
ec
u
r
it
y
s
c
h
e
m
es,
l
ik
e
au
th
e
n
tica
tio
n
,
en
cr
y
p
t
io
n
,
ad
m
is
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io
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co
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tr
o
l,
etc.
,
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o
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f
o
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s
ec
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r
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.
T
h
e
tu
to
r
i
al
p
ap
er
b
y
Fa
n
g
et
a
l
.
[
1
]
p
r
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t
a
n
o
v
er
v
ie
w
o
f
th
e
p
h
y
s
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ch
e
m
es,
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iv
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m
i
n
to
th
r
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p
atial
d
o
m
ai
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-
b
ased
,
ti
m
e
d
o
m
ai
n
-
b
ased
,
an
d
f
r
eq
u
en
c
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d
o
m
ai
n
-
b
ased
.
T
h
ey
co
n
cl
u
d
e
b
y
p
r
ese
n
ti
n
g
t
h
e
o
p
en
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esear
ch
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s
u
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a
n
d
d
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tio
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s
i
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th
is
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ea
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
A
co
lla
b
o
r
a
tive
p
h
ysica
l la
ye
r
s
ec
u
r
ity
s
ch
eme
(
Dimit
r
io
s
E
f
s
ta
th
io
u
)
1925
L
i
u
et
a
l
.
[
2
]
p
r
esen
t
a
r
ev
ie
w
o
f
p
h
y
s
ical
la
y
er
s
ec
u
r
it
y
r
es
ea
r
ch
ef
f
o
r
t
s
b
ased
o
n
co
d
in
g
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p
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o
d
in
g
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ig
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al
p
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o
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s
s
in
g
,
a
n
d
c
h
an
n
el
e
s
ti
m
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n
tech
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lo
g
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s
to
tac
k
l
e
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r
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elate
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n
g
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m
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ate
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o
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C
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,
co
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p
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d
ch
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P
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-
k
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en
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o
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a
u
t
h
en
t
icatio
n
attac
k
s
.
Mu
k
h
er
j
ee
et
a
l
.
[
3
]
p
r
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t
s
o
m
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
f
o
r
s
ec
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ased
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alo
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ased
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r
y
a
n
d
s
to
ch
ast
ic
g
eo
m
e
tr
y
.
T
s
o
u
r
i
an
d
W
u
lich
i
n
[
4
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
m
u
ltip
le
ac
ce
s
s
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
s
ec
u
r
in
g
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
a
l
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
d
i
v
i
s
io
n
m
u
ltip
le
x
i
n
g
(
OF
DM
)
o
v
er
w
ir
eles
s
ti
m
e
-
v
ar
y
in
g
c
h
a
n
n
e
ls
.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
u
s
es
r
e
v
er
s
e
p
ilo
tin
g
f
o
r
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ti
n
g
s
u
p
er
p
o
s
itio
n
m
o
d
u
latio
n
w
it
h
j
o
in
t
d
ec
o
d
in
g
at
th
e
r
ec
eiv
e
r
.
I
t
m
ak
e
s
u
s
e
o
f
ch
an
n
el
r
a
n
d
o
m
n
ess
,
r
ec
ip
r
o
cit
y
,
a
n
d
f
a
s
t
d
ec
o
r
r
elatio
n
i
n
s
p
ac
e
to
s
ec
u
r
e
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
with
lo
w
o
v
er
h
ea
d
s
.
Z
u
r
ita
et
a
l
[
5
]
ad
d
r
ess
p
h
y
s
i
ca
l
la
y
er
s
ec
u
r
it
y
i
n
m
u
ltip
le
-
in
p
u
t
-
m
u
lt
ip
le
-
o
u
tp
u
t
(
MI
SO
)
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
.
B
ea
m
f
o
r
m
in
g
a
n
d
ar
tif
ic
ial
n
o
is
e
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
tin
g
ar
e
ch
o
s
e
n
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
s
ec
u
r
it
y
.
T
h
e
tar
g
et
is
an
o
p
ti
m
izat
io
n
s
t
r
ateg
y
t
h
at
i
n
telli
g
e
n
tl
y
s
et
s
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
i
o
n
p
o
w
er
an
d
t
h
e
s
ize
o
f
t
h
e
“p
r
o
tecte
d
zo
n
e”
to
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilis
ticall
y
ac
h
ie
v
e
s
ec
r
ec
y
at
a
s
p
ec
if
ied
tar
g
et
s
ec
r
e
c
y
r
ate.
S
w
i
n
d
le
h
u
r
s
t
in
[
6
]
ass
u
m
e
s
s
o
m
e
p
r
io
r
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
o
f
th
e
ea
v
esd
r
o
p
p
er
’
s
ch
a
n
n
el
a
n
d
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
th
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
t
h
eo
r
etic
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
s
ec
r
ec
y
ca
p
ac
it
y
i
n
a
MI
MO
s
y
s
te
m
,
u
s
i
n
g
SIN
R
a
s
t
h
e
s
ec
u
r
it
y
m
etr
ic.
Z
h
u
et
a
l
[
7
]
p
r
esen
t
a
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
e
to
s
ec
u
r
e
d
o
w
n
l
in
k
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
i
n
a
m
u
ltip
le
-
i
n
p
u
t
m
u
ltip
le
-
o
u
tp
u
t
(
MI
MO
)
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
y
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
s
tat
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
ea
v
esd
r
o
p
p
er
to
b
e
u
n
av
ai
lab
le
at
th
e
le
g
iti
m
ate
tr
an
s
m
itter
,
s
o
th
e
y
u
s
e
li
n
ea
r
p
r
ec
o
d
in
g
o
f
d
ata
an
d
ar
tif
icial
n
o
is
e
to
e
n
h
a
n
ce
s
ec
r
ec
y
.
1
.
2
.
T
he
p
ro
ble
m
T
h
e
3
GPP
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
f
o
r
5
G
N
e
w
R
ad
io
(
NR
)
s
p
ec
if
y
cr
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
ic
m
e
th
o
d
s
to
p
r
o
tect
w
i
r
eless
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
.
T
h
e
5
G
d
ev
ice
s
w
i
ll
r
an
g
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
u
p
p
er
en
d
o
n
es
th
at
h
a
v
e
b
u
i
lt
-
in
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
an
d
ca
n
u
s
e
s
tate
-
of
-
th
e
ar
t
cr
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
ic
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
d
o
w
n
to
lo
w
co
s
t
d
ev
ices.
So
m
e
o
f
t
h
ese
lo
w
c
o
s
t
d
ev
ices
ca
n
n
o
t
in
cl
u
d
e
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
c
ir
cu
itr
y
,
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
a
n
d
co
d
e
s
p
ac
e
n
ee
d
ed
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
o
f
cr
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
ic
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
ies.
Du
e
to
th
e
li
m
ited
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
o
f
s
o
m
e
5
G
d
ev
ice
s
w
e
h
a
v
e
to
co
n
s
id
er
tr
ad
eo
f
f
s
w
h
e
n
w
e
s
tu
d
y
s
y
s
te
m
s
ec
u
r
it
y
a
n
d
id
en
ti
f
y
o
r
d
er
iv
e
n
e
w
l
o
w
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
to
en
h
a
n
ce
s
ec
u
r
it
y
o
n
tr
an
s
m
itted
d
ata.
1
.
3
.
P
r
o
po
s
ed
s
o
lutio
n
R
o
b
u
s
t
an
d
lo
w
co
m
p
lex
it
y
p
h
y
s
ical
la
y
er
s
ec
u
r
it
y
m
et
h
o
d
s
ca
n
s
u
p
p
le
m
e
n
t
o
r
r
ep
lace
cr
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
i
c
tech
n
iq
u
es.
I
n
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
th
eo
r
etic
s
ec
u
r
it
y
m
et
h
o
d
s
u
s
e
t
h
e
f
ad
i
n
g
esti
m
atio
n
o
f
w
ir
eles
s
ch
an
n
el
s
.
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
w
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
an
e
x
te
n
s
io
n
o
f
an
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t sc
h
e
m
e
to
e
x
i
s
ti
n
g
p
h
y
s
ical
la
y
er
s
ec
u
r
it
y
tech
n
iq
u
es
f
o
r
OFDM
b
ased
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
p
o
s
itio
n
s
o
f
th
e
p
ilo
t
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
c
h
an
g
e
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
OFDM
s
y
m
b
o
l
to
th
e
n
e
x
t
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
a
s
elec
ted
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
d
i
s
t
r
ib
u
tio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
p
r
ed
ef
in
ed
f
ix
ed
p
o
s
itio
n
s
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
O
FDM
s
y
m
b
o
ls
.
T
h
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
il
o
t
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
in
an
OFDM
s
y
m
b
o
l
a
n
d
th
e
c
y
cle
p
r
ef
ix
d
u
r
atio
n
in
th
e
s
ec
r
ec
y
ca
p
ac
it
y
a
n
d
th
e
u
ta
g
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
i
s
an
a
l
y
s
ed
an
d
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lt
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
we
d
escr
ib
e
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
el,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
tech
n
iq
u
e
a
n
d
th
e
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
s
ec
r
ec
y
ca
p
ac
it
y
an
d
o
u
ta
g
e
P
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
in
a
R
a
y
le
ig
h
f
ad
i
n
g
ch
a
n
n
e
l
.
2
.
1
.
S
y
s
t
em
m
o
del
Fig
u
r
e
1
p
r
esen
t
s
t
h
e
OFD
M
b
aseb
an
d
s
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
el
th
at
i
s
u
s
ed
in
th
i
s
p
ap
er
.
A
t
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
(
A
lice)
,
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
d
ata
ar
e
m
ap
p
ed
in
to
1
6
-
QA
M
s
y
m
b
o
ls
an
d
ar
e
co
m
b
in
ed
w
it
h
p
ilo
t
s
y
m
b
o
ls
a
n
d
f
o
r
m
ed
to
p
ar
allel
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
.
T
h
e
p
i
lo
ts
an
d
th
e
d
ata
ar
e
eq
u
i
p
o
w
er
ed
,
a
f
ac
t
th
at
m
ak
e
s
d
if
f
icu
lt
f
o
r
a
p
o
ten
tial
ea
v
esd
r
o
p
p
er
(
E
v
e)
to
d
etec
t
t
h
e
p
ilo
t
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
b
y
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
r
ec
ei
v
ed
p
o
w
er
s
i
g
n
al
en
v
elo
p
e
[
9
]
.
Data
an
d
p
ilo
t
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
ar
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
to
ti
m
e
d
o
m
ai
n
b
y
an
in
v
er
s
e
d
is
cr
ete
Fo
u
r
ier
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
(
I
DFT
)
.
A
c
y
clic
p
r
ef
ix
o
f
le
n
g
th
Ncp
is
ad
d
ed
to
th
e
I
DFT
o
u
tp
u
t
s
a
m
p
les,
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
t
h
e
n
p
u
l
s
e
-
s
h
a
p
ed
to
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
th
e
ti
m
e
d
o
m
ai
n
s
i
g
n
a
l
f
o
r
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
.
W
e
ass
u
m
e
th
at
b
o
th
th
e
m
ai
n
ch
a
n
n
el
a
n
d
th
e
a
n
d
th
e
ea
v
e
s
d
r
o
p
p
er
ch
an
n
el
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
f
ad
in
g
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
ch
a
n
n
el
g
ai
n
s
r
e
m
ain
co
n
s
ta
n
t
d
u
r
i
n
g
ea
c
h
co
h
er
en
ce
in
ter
v
a
l
an
d
ch
an
g
e
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
tl
y
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
co
h
er
en
ce
i
n
ter
v
al
to
th
e
n
ex
t
in
th
e
co
h
er
e
n
ce
in
ter
v
al.
T
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
al
b
y
B
o
b
an
d
ea
v
esd
r
o
p
p
er
,
ar
e
g
iv
e
n
b
y
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
1
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
,
1
,
2
,
.
.
.
b
b
b
e
e
e
y
m
h
m
x
m
n
m
y
m
h
m
x
m
n
m
m
N
(
1
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
201
9
:
1
9
2
4
–
1934
1926
w
h
er
e
N
i
s
th
e
len
g
t
h
o
f
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
s
ig
n
al
p
er
OFD
M
s
y
m
b
o
l,
a
n
d
h
b
(
m
)
a
n
d
h
e
(
m
)
a
r
e
th
e
ch
a
n
n
el
g
ain
s
o
f
th
e
m
a
in
a
n
d
t
h
e
ea
v
e
s
d
r
o
p
p
er
ch
an
n
el
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
A
d
d
itio
n
all
y
,
n
b
(
m
)
an
d
n
e
(
m
)
ar
e
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
an
d
id
en
ticall
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
Ga
u
s
s
i
an
n
o
is
e
w
i
th
ze
r
o
m
ea
n
an
d
u
n
it
v
ar
ian
ce
co
r
r
u
p
tin
g
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
it
ted
s
i
g
n
al
(σ
b
2
=1
,
σ
e
2
=1
)
.
T
h
e
f
ad
in
g
ch
an
n
el
p
o
w
er
g
ai
n
s
o
f
th
e
m
ai
n
an
d
t
h
e
ea
v
esd
r
o
p
p
er
ch
an
n
els
ar
e
d
en
o
ted
b
y
g
b
(
m
)
=
|
h
b
(
m
)
|
2
an
d
g
e
(
m
)
=
|
h
e
(
m
)
|
2
.
W
e
ass
u
m
e
t
h
at
g
b
an
d
g
e
ar
e
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t a
n
d
id
en
tica
ll
y
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
ted
(
i.i.
d
)
r
an
d
o
m
R
a
y
eig
h
v
ar
iab
les
w
it
h
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
σ
b
an
d
σ
e
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
B
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
f
o
r
th
e
w
ir
eles
s
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
b
et
w
e
en
A
lice
an
d
B
o
b
in
t
h
e
p
r
ese
n
ce
o
f
ea
v
esd
r
o
p
p
er
E
v
e
T
h
e
ch
an
n
el
esti
m
atio
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
f
o
r
O
FDM
r
ec
ei
v
er
s
ca
n
b
e
g
e
n
er
all
y
s
ep
ar
ated
in
to
t
w
o
m
et
h
o
d
s
,
p
ilo
t
-
b
ased
c
h
an
n
e
l
esti
m
atio
n
an
d
b
li
n
d
ch
a
n
n
el
es
ti
m
atio
n
.
P
ilo
t
-
b
a
s
ed
ch
an
n
el
e
s
ti
m
atio
n
esti
m
ates
t
h
e
c
h
an
n
el
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
b
y
o
b
tain
i
n
g
t
h
e
ch
a
n
n
el
i
m
p
u
l
s
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
il
o
t
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
.
T
h
e
p
ilo
t
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
ca
r
r
y
tr
ai
n
in
g
s
y
m
b
o
l
s
th
at
ar
e
a
p
r
io
r
i
k
n
o
w
n
to
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
.
T
h
e
b
lin
d
ch
an
n
el
es
ti
m
a
tio
n
r
elies
o
n
l
y
o
n
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
y
m
b
o
l
s
to
ac
q
u
ir
e
ch
a
n
n
el
s
tate
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
(
C
SI)
b
lin
d
l
y
.
C
o
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
b
li
n
d
ch
an
n
el
e
s
ti
m
atio
n
,
p
ilo
t
-
b
as
ed
ch
an
n
el
est
i
m
at
io
n
i
s
a
m
o
r
e
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
m
e
th
o
d
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
an
O
FDM
s
y
s
te
m
t
h
at
th
e
p
ilo
t s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
ar
e
lo
ca
ted
1
6
s
u
b
-
ca
r
r
ier
s
ap
ar
t.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
OFDM
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
d
e
s
cr
ip
tio
n
B
o
th
th
e
leg
iti
m
ate
r
ec
eiv
er
a
n
d
th
e
ea
v
esd
r
o
p
p
er
k
n
o
w
t
h
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
th
e
p
ilo
t
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
in
t
h
e
OFDM
s
y
m
b
o
l,
s
o
th
e
y
ca
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
p
ilo
t
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
ch
an
n
e
l
esti
m
atio
n
,
d
e
m
o
d
u
late,
d
ec
o
d
e
an
d
d
ec
r
y
p
t
th
e
d
ata
th
at
Alice
tr
an
s
m
its
.
I
n
t
h
is
w
o
r
k
w
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
th
e
p
o
s
i
tio
n
o
f
th
e
p
ilo
t
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
t
o
ch
an
g
e
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
OFDM
s
y
m
b
o
l
to
t
h
e
n
e
x
t
u
s
i
n
g
a
d
is
cr
ete
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
ar
o
u
n
d
t
h
e
f
i
x
ed
p
ilo
t
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
p
o
s
itio
n
s
d
e
f
in
ed
i
n
t
h
e
tec
h
n
ical
s
p
ec
i
f
icatio
n
s
(
I
E
E
E
8
0
2
.
1
1
,
I
E
E
E
8
0
2
.
1
6
,
L
T
E
etc.
)
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
p
ilo
t
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
is
g
e
n
er
ated
o
n
ce
an
d
s
h
ar
ed
b
et
w
e
en
t
h
e
le
g
iti
m
at
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
a
n
d
leg
i
ti
m
ate
r
ec
e
iv
er
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
a
u
t
h
en
t
icatio
n
p
h
ase.
T
h
e
ea
v
esd
r
o
p
p
er
d
o
es
n
o
t
h
a
v
e
ac
ce
s
s
to
th
is
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
an
d
th
u
s
i
n
e
v
itab
l
y
h
as
to
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
b
li
n
d
ch
an
n
el
es
ti
m
atio
n
t
h
at
is
le
s
s
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
p
ilo
t su
b
ca
r
r
ier
ch
an
n
el
e
s
ti
m
atio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
A
co
lla
b
o
r
a
tive
p
h
ysica
l la
ye
r
s
ec
u
r
ity
s
ch
eme
(
Dimit
r
io
s
E
f
s
ta
th
io
u
)
1927
W
e
u
s
e
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
eo
r
etic
p
r
o
b
lem
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
to
s
tu
d
y
th
e
s
ec
u
r
it
y
ca
p
ac
it
y
an
d
th
e
o
u
ta
g
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
c
h
e
m
e.
T
h
e
s
ec
r
ec
y
ca
p
ac
i
t
y
o
f
f
ad
in
g
w
ir
ele
s
s
ch
a
n
n
el
is
ex
p
lo
r
ed
in
[
1
0]
-
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
e
m
e
is
co
m
p
le
m
e
n
tar
y
to
ex
is
ti
n
g
s
ec
u
r
it
y
tech
n
iq
u
es.
F
u
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
it
is
tar
g
eted
to
m
u
lti
m
ed
ia
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
,
s
in
ce
t
h
ese
ap
p
licatio
n
s
r
e
q
u
ir
e
h
i
g
h
SN
R
a
n
d
lo
w
b
it
-
er
r
o
r
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
as
a
q
u
alit
y
o
f
s
er
v
ice
(
Qo
S)
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
t
[
1
4]
,
[
1
5
]
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
w
e
in
v
est
ig
ate
th
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
ch
an
n
el
f
ad
in
g
o
n
t
h
e
s
ec
r
ec
y
ca
p
ac
it
y
an
d
o
u
ta
g
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
in
t
h
e
h
ig
h
s
i
g
n
al
-
to
-
n
o
is
e
r
a
tio
(
SNR
)
r
eg
i
m
e.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
an
d
o
m
co
d
in
g
ar
g
u
m
e
n
t
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
[
1
3]
,
[
1
6
]
,
w
e
as
s
u
m
e
th
a
t
A
l
ice
en
co
d
es
a
m
es
s
ag
e
b
lo
ck
,
r
ep
r
ese
n
ted
b
y
r
an
d
o
m
v
ar
iab
le
W
∈
W
={
1
,
.
.
.
,
K},
i
n
to
a
co
d
e
w
o
r
d
,
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
a
r
an
d
o
m
v
ar
iab
le
x
k
=
{x
(
1
)
,
x
(
2
)
,
.
.
.
,
x
(
k
)
}
∈
X
k
,
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
a
s
to
ch
asti
c
en
co
d
er
f
k
(
·
)
:
W
→X
k
.
T
h
e
en
tr
o
p
y
G(
W
)
is
th
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
o
f
th
i
s
tr
an
s
m
itted
m
es
s
ag
e
W
.
B
o
b
d
ec
o
d
es
th
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
al
y
k
b
=
{
y
b
(
1
)
,
y
b
(
2
)
,
.
.
.
,
y
b
(
k
)
}
∈
Y
k
b
y
u
s
in
g
a
d
ec
o
d
er
q
(
·
)
:
Yk
→
W
.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
r
ate
f
r
o
m
Alice
to
B
o
b
is
g
iv
en
b
y
R
=G
(
W
)
/k
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
f
o
r
ea
v
esd
r
o
p
p
er
’
s
u
n
ce
r
tai
n
t
y
ab
o
u
t W
is
d
ef
i
n
e
d
as
1
(
)
(
2
)
k
ee
R
G
W
Y
k
(
2
)
w
h
er
e
G(
W
|
Y
e
k
)
is
th
e
r
e
m
ai
n
in
g
e
n
tr
o
p
y
o
f
W
g
i
v
e
n
t
h
a
t
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
Y
e
k
is
k
n
o
w
n
.
A
s
ec
r
ec
y
r
ate
R
s
is
ac
h
iev
ab
le
i
f
t
h
er
e
ex
is
t
s
a
(
2
kRs
,
k
)
co
d
e
f
o
r
a
s
u
f
f
ic
ien
t
lar
g
e
k
s
u
c
h
th
at
R
e
≥
R
s
−ε
an
d
f
o
r
an
y
g
iv
e
n
ε>
0
[1
3
]
.
Secr
ec
y
ca
p
ac
it
y
o
f
w
ir
e
less
c
h
a
n
n
el
s
i
s
d
e
f
in
ed
a
s
t
h
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
ate
t
h
a
t th
e
m
a
in
ch
a
n
n
el
ca
n
ac
h
ie
v
e
i
n
th
e
p
r
ese
n
ce
o
f
an
ea
v
e
s
d
r
o
p
p
er
.
T
h
e
s
ec
r
ec
y
ca
p
ac
it
y
is
t
h
en
g
i
v
en
b
y
th
e
e
x
p
r
ess
io
n
:
s
u
p
(
3
)
ss
C
r
e
m
u
m
R
(
3
)
W
e
ass
u
m
e
t
h
at
th
e
tr
an
s
m
it
ter
d
o
es
n
o
t
k
n
o
w
t
h
e
ch
a
n
n
el
s
tate
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
(
C
SI)
o
f
th
e
m
a
in
ch
an
n
el
an
d
th
e
ea
v
e
s
d
r
o
p
p
er
ch
a
n
n
el.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
s
et
s
u
p
a
ce
r
tai
n
v
al
u
e
f
o
r
th
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
ate
R
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
tati
s
tical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
th
e
ch
an
n
el.
W
e
d
ef
in
e
t
h
at
o
u
t
ag
e
h
ap
p
en
s
w
h
e
n
th
e
in
s
ta
n
ta
n
eo
u
s
s
ec
r
ec
y
ca
p
ac
it
y
C
s
i
s
les
s
th
a
n
t
h
e
tar
g
et
s
ec
r
ec
y
r
ate
R
s
.
2
.
2
.
Ana
ly
s
is
o
f
s
ec
re
cy
c
a
pa
cit
y
a
nd
o
uta
g
e
pro
ba
bil
it
y
T
h
e
leg
iti
m
ate
r
ec
ei
v
er
(
B
o
b
)
k
n
o
w
s
t
h
e
p
ilo
t
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
’
p
o
s
itio
n
p
er
OF
DM
s
y
m
b
o
l
an
d
u
s
es
th
i
s
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
p
ilo
t
-
b
ased
ch
a
n
n
el
est
i
m
a
tio
n
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ar
y
,
t
h
e
ea
v
esd
r
o
p
p
er
(
E
v
e)
d
o
es
n
o
t
h
av
e
ac
ce
s
s
to
th
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
n
p
ilo
t
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
’
p
o
s
itio
n
a
n
d
ap
p
lies
a
b
lin
d
ch
an
n
el
e
s
ti
m
atio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
to
d
em
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[
1
2]
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3
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an
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y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
201
9
:
1
9
2
4
–
1934
1928
22
l
o
g
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g
1
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8
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N
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h
e
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ac
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en
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n
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o
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5
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d
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n
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22
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/N
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y
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ig
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tr
an
s
m
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l
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as
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in
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m
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T
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b
ab
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f
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ex
p
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[
1
7
]
2
2
2
21
(
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e
x
p
(
1
4
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2
s
s
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b
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be
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PR
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E
g
E
g
(
1
4
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
A
co
lla
b
o
r
a
tive
p
h
ysica
l la
ye
r
s
ec
u
r
ity
s
ch
eme
(
Dimit
r
io
s
E
f
s
ta
th
io
u
)
1929
2
.
3
.
Cha
nn
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esti
m
a
t
io
n t
ec
hn
iq
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n
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h
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s
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tio
n
w
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d
escr
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e
t
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e
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a
n
n
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m
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et
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d
s
a
d
o
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ted
b
y
t
h
e
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g
iti
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ate
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ec
ei
v
er
(
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o
b
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d
th
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d
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p
p
er
(
E
v
e)
.
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o
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k
n
o
w
s
t
h
e
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ilo
t
s
u
b
ca
r
r
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m
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n
d
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ase
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ch
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n
t
h
is
w
o
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t
s
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u
a
r
es
(
L
S)
est
i
m
ato
r
d
escr
ib
ed
in
[
1
8
]
g
iv
e
n
b
y
1
ˆ
(
1
5
)
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H
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b
p
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p
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{
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m
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y
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m
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r
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n
o
u
r
w
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k
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=1
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e
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ato
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f
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u
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ased
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ar
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ip
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ac
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at
m
a
k
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d
if
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lt
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o
r
a
p
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p
p
er
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t su
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
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y
m
ea
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g
t
h
e
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g
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v
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n
n
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t
f
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n
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t
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r
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y
m
b
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l
b
asis
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s
e
t
h
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ilo
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s
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r
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ier
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h
av
e
n
o
n
-
f
i
x
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o
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itio
n
s
.
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h
u
s
,
s
h
e
h
as
to
ap
p
ly
a
b
li
n
d
ch
a
n
n
el
es
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m
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tio
n
tec
h
n
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u
e
[
9
]
,
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
0
]
.
I
n
th
is
w
o
r
k
w
e
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n
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t
h
e
iter
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lin
d
c
h
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n
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est
i
m
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tio
n
tec
h
n
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e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
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an
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i
an
d
R
.
Vau
g
h
an
[
9
]
.
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n
t
h
is
s
ch
e
m
e,
w
h
e
n
an
OFDM
s
y
m
b
o
l
is
r
ec
ei
v
ed
,
a
d
ec
is
io
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
est
i
m
a
tes
th
e
d
ata,
an
d
th
en
,
t
h
e
p
r
i
m
ar
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d
at
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esti
m
a
tes ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
m
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n
i
m
u
m
M
SE
(
MM
SE)
ch
a
n
n
el
e
s
t
i
m
atio
n
.
T
h
e
m
et
h
o
d
is
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
c
h
a
n
n
el
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
e
s
ti
m
ate
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
OFDM
s
y
m
b
o
l
i
n
ter
v
al
ˆ
1,
e
H
n
k
(k
-
th
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
,
n
-
1
O
FDM
s
y
m
b
o
l)
an
d
o
n
th
e
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
atio
n
o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
t
-
o
r
d
er
au
to
r
eg
r
ess
i
v
e
(
A
R
)
p
r
o
ce
s
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
r
elatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
H[
n
-
1
,
k
]
an
d
H[
n
,
k
]
.
2
,
(
)
1
,
1
(
)
,
(
1
6
)
e
O
F
D
M
e
H
O
F
D
M
H
n
k
T
H
n
k
T
w
n
k
(
1
6
)
w
h
er
e
σ
2
H
i
s
t
h
e
to
tal
av
er
a
g
e
p
o
w
er
g
a
in
o
f
t
h
e
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
22
1
l
L
Hh
l
(
in
o
u
r
w
o
r
k
L
=1
)
,
w
[
n
,
k
]
is
a
w
h
it
e
Gau
s
s
ia
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
w
it
h
v
ar
ia
n
ce
eq
u
al
to
1
an
d
ρ
(T
OFDM
)
is
th
e
n
o
r
m
al
ized
ti
m
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
,
s
p
ec
if
ied
b
y
J
ak
es
’
m
o
d
el
(
ρ
(T
OFDM
)
=J
0
(2
π
f
D
T
OFDM
)
)
w
it
h
f
D
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
Do
p
p
ler
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
a
n
d
J
0
(
·
)
th
e
ze
r
o
-
th
o
r
d
er
B
ess
el
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
t
k
in
d
.
W
h
e
n
E
v
e
r
ec
eiv
es
t
h
e
n
-
th
OFDM
s
y
m
b
o
l,
u
s
es
a
d
ec
i
s
io
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
to
o
b
tain
a
p
r
i
m
ar
y
d
ata
esti
m
ate
o
f
x
[
n
,
k
]
,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
d
en
o
ted
ˆ
[
,
]
p
r
i
X
n
k
,
f
o
r
t
h
e
k
-
th
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
b
ased
o
n
a
co
n
s
tr
ain
ed
lin
ea
r
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
m
ea
n
s
q
u
ar
e
er
r
o
r
(
MM
SE)
cr
iter
io
n
.
T
h
en
,
th
ese
es
ti
m
ates
ar
e
ap
p
lied
to
o
p
tim
al
MM
SE
ch
a
n
n
el
e
s
ti
m
ato
r
to
esti
m
a
te
E
v
e
’
s
c
h
an
n
el
g
ain
h
e
g
i
v
en
b
y
12
2
ˆ
ˆ
(
1
7
)
1
ˆˆ
HH
L
p
r
i
e
e
HH
L
p
r
i
p
r
i
L
e
e
F
X
y
h
A
F
X
X
F
(
1
7
)
w
h
er
e,
12
2
2
2
,
,
.
.
.
,
L
h
h
h
A
d
i
a
g
,
I
f
all
th
e
co
n
s
tellatio
n
p
o
in
t
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
a
l
h
av
e
th
e
s
a
m
e
av
er
ag
e
en
er
g
y
E
s
,
t
h
e
n
(
1
7
)
ca
n
b
e
s
i
m
p
li
f
ied
to
ˆ
ˆ
(
1
8
)
HH
e
L
p
r
i
e
h
B
F
X
y
(
1
8
)
w
h
er
e
B
is
a
d
iag
o
n
al
m
atr
ix
w
it
h
ele
m
e
n
ts
2
22
,
1
,
.
.
.
,
(
1
9
)
i
i
h
ii
s
h
e
B
i
L
E
(
1
9
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
201
9
:
1
9
2
4
–
1934
1930
E
v
e
ca
n
esti
m
ate
t
h
e
ch
a
n
n
el
g
ain
h
e
an
d
d
etec
t
th
e
tr
an
s
m
it
ted
s
y
m
b
o
ls
.
Fo
r
th
e
i
n
itia
liza
tio
n
o
f
th
e
d
escr
ib
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
w
e
as
s
u
m
e
t
h
at
E
v
e
h
a
s
ac
ce
s
s
to
t
h
e
p
ilo
t
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
p
o
s
itio
n
o
n
l
y
f
o
r
f
ir
s
t
OFDM
s
y
m
b
o
l.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
I
n
th
i
s
s
ec
tio
n
,
w
e
p
r
ese
n
t
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
s
an
d
t
h
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
r
esu
lt
s
.
W
e
co
n
s
id
er
a
f
ad
in
g
ch
an
n
el
w
h
er
e
th
e
ch
a
n
n
el
g
ai
n
s
r
e
m
ai
n
co
n
s
ta
n
t
d
u
r
i
n
g
ea
c
h
co
h
er
en
ce
in
ter
v
al
an
d
ch
a
n
g
e
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
tl
y
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
co
h
er
en
ce
i
n
ter
v
a
l
to
t
h
e
n
e
x
t.
W
e
co
n
s
id
er
th
at
t
h
e
m
ea
n
p
o
w
er
o
f
th
e
ch
an
n
el
i
s
eq
u
a
l
to
1
(
2
1
i
h
)
.
An
O
FDM
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
N
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
is
s
i
m
u
lated
,
an
d
t
h
e
le
n
g
t
h
o
f
th
e
c
y
clic
p
r
ef
i
x
i
s
s
et
to
N
cp
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
OFDM
s
y
m
b
o
l d
u
r
atio
n
i
s
eq
u
al
to
T
OF
DM
=
(
N
+N
cp
)T
s
,
w
it
h
T
s
th
e
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
a
n
i
n
p
u
t
d
ata
s
y
m
b
o
l.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
as
e
v
al
u
ate
d
f
o
r
N=
2
5
6
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
w
h
er
e
N
p
=8
,
1
6
,
3
2
ar
e
p
ilo
t
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
an
d
r
est
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
ar
e
allo
ca
ted
t
o
tr
a
n
s
m
it
d
ata.
T
h
e
p
ilo
t
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
an
d
th
e
d
ata
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
u
s
e
1
6
-
Q
A
M
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
c
h
e
m
e.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
tak
e
s
i
n
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
t
h
at
t
h
e
leg
i
ti
m
at
e
r
ec
eiv
er
an
d
th
e
ea
v
esd
r
o
p
p
er
m
o
v
e
w
ith
s
p
ee
d
5
0
k
m
/h
o
r
2
0
0
k
m
/
h
o
r
5
0
0
k
m
/h
to
th
e
s
a
m
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
.
W
e
ass
u
m
e
th
at
th
e
le
g
it
i
m
a
te
r
ec
eiv
er
(
B
o
b
)
esti
m
ates
t
h
e
c
h
an
n
el
g
ain
u
s
in
g
e
x
p
r
ess
io
n
(
1
5
)
.
T
h
e
ea
v
esd
r
o
p
p
er
(
E
v
e)
,
esti
m
ates
t
h
e
c
h
an
n
el
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
b
li
n
d
m
et
h
o
d
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
(
1
8
)
.
B
o
th
r
ec
eiv
er
s
(
B
o
b
an
d
E
v
e)
e
s
ti
m
at
e
th
e
in
p
u
t d
ata
f
o
r
ev
er
y
OFD
M
s
y
m
b
o
l u
s
i
n
g
th
e
k
n
o
w
n
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
m
ea
n
s
q
u
ar
e
er
r
o
r
(
M
MSE
)
esti
m
a
to
r
*
2
2
2
*
2
2
2
ˆ
ˆ
,
1
,
....,
(
20)
ˆ
ˆ
,
1
,
....,
b
e
b
bb
y
b
x
e
ee
y
e
x
Hm
x
m
y
m
m
N
Hm
Hm
x
m
y
m
m
N
Hm
(
2
0
)
Fin
all
y
,
a
Viter
b
i d
ec
o
d
er
d
ec
o
d
es th
e
d
ata
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t o
f
t
h
e
d
e
m
o
d
u
lato
r
.
T
h
e
f
ig
u
r
es
p
r
esen
ted
b
elo
w
ar
e
cr
ea
ted
b
y
r
u
n
n
i
n
g
m
u
ltip
le
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
s
,
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
m
i
n
i
m
ize
t
h
e
s
tatis
t
ical
er
r
o
r
s
an
d
to
ass
u
r
e
th
e
v
alid
it
y
o
f
th
e
r
es
u
lt
s
.
T
h
e
m
e
tr
ics
u
n
d
er
test
ar
e
th
e
s
e
cr
ec
y
ca
p
ac
it
y
a
n
d
th
e
o
u
ta
g
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
o
u
ta
g
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
f
o
r
an
OFDM
s
y
s
t
e
m
w
it
h
N=
2
5
6
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
w
it
h
t
h
r
ee
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
h
as
8
p
ilo
t
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
(
F
ig
u
r
e
3
(
a
)
)
,
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
h
a
s
16
p
ilo
t
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
(
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
(
b
)
)
an
d
th
e
th
ir
d
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
at
io
n
h
a
s
3
2
p
ilo
t
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
(
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
(
c
)
)
.
T
h
e
p
o
s
itio
n
s
o
f
th
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
ca
r
r
y
in
g
t
h
e
p
ilo
t s
y
m
b
o
ls
c
h
an
g
e
r
a
n
d
o
m
l
y
o
n
e
v
er
y
OFDM
s
y
m
b
o
l.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
ted
cu
r
v
es
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
to
a
m
o
b
ile
d
ev
ic
e
v
elo
cit
y
o
f
1
0
0
k
m
/
h
a
n
d
5
0
0
k
m
/
h
.
T
h
e
c
y
clic
p
r
ef
i
x
d
u
r
atio
n
i
s
1
/8
o
f
th
e
OFDM
s
y
m
b
o
l d
u
r
at
io
n
(
T
CP
=T
OFDM
/8
)
.
T
h
e
co
h
er
en
ce
in
ter
v
al
is
eq
u
al
to
th
e
co
d
e
w
o
r
d
le
n
g
t
h
o
f
3
s
y
m
b
o
ls
.
T
h
e
s
o
lid
lin
es
p
r
ese
n
t
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lt
s
a
n
d
th
e
li
n
es
w
it
h
t
h
e
m
ar
k
er
s
p
r
ese
n
t
t
h
e
cu
r
v
e
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
clo
s
ed
f
o
r
m
e
x
p
r
ess
io
n
(
1
4
)
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
lat
io
n
r
esu
l
ts
ar
e
v
er
y
s
i
m
ilar
to
th
e
cu
r
v
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
th
e
clo
s
ed
f
o
r
m
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
f
o
r
SNR
>
2
0
d
B
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
(
1
4
)
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
esti
m
ate
t
h
e
o
u
ta
g
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
in
t
h
e
h
ig
h
S
NR
r
eg
io
n
(
2
5
d
B
-
6
0
d
B
)
th
at
is
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
o
r
m
u
lti
m
ed
ia
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
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I
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8
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8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
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m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
201
9
:
1
9
2
4
–
1934
1932
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
r
es
u
lt
s
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
6
co
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r
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o
n
d
to
a
m
o
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e
v
elo
cit
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o
f
1
0
0
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m
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n
d
5
0
0
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m
/h
.
T
h
e
c
y
clic
p
r
ef
ix
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r
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n
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/8
o
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th
e
OFDM
s
y
m
b
o
l
d
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n
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CP
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)
.
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h
e
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v
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,
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
A
co
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b
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l la
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r
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r
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s
ch
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(
Dimit
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io
s
E
f
s
ta
th
io
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1933
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Ou
tag
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o
b
ab
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y
v
er
s
u
s
SN
R
an
d
C
y
cli
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ef
i
x
ti
m
e
d
u
r
atio
n
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
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ed
s
ch
e
m
e
i
n
t
h
i
s
w
o
r
k
p
r
o
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a
s
i
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p
le
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n
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
to
s
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r
e
co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
f
o
r
5
G
Ne
w
R
ad
io
(
NR
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.
T
h
is
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llab
o
r
ativ
e
s
ec
u
r
it
y
s
c
h
e
m
e
w
o
u
l
d
n
o
t
w
o
r
k
to
ap
p
licatio
n
s
t
h
a
t
ca
n
o
p
er
ate
in
lo
w
SNR
v
al
u
es
as
v
o
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t
r
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
.
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h
e
m
aj
o
r
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
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o
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ed
s
ch
e
m
e
i
s
t
h
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it i
s
v
er
y
s
i
m
p
le,
w
it
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m
i
n
i
m
al
co
s
t
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m
p
le
x
it
y
,
th
u
s
p
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ce
s
s
in
g
ti
m
e,
a
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
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tan
t
i
s
s
u
e
in
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
s
s
ec
u
r
it
y
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
F
u
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
t
h
e
r
es
u
lts
ar
e
v
er
y
p
r
o
m
is
i
n
g
w
h
e
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
o
th
er
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
.
Ou
r
r
esear
c
h
ai
m
m
o
v
in
g
ah
e
ad
is
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
m
ath
e
m
atic
al
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
th
e
s
ec
r
ec
y
ca
p
a
cit
y
u
p
p
er
b
o
u
n
d
an
d
o
u
tag
e
p
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b
ab
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w
er
b
o
u
n
d
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t
to
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
ilo
t s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
p
er
OFDM
s
y
m
b
o
l.
W
e
w
i
ll
d
er
iv
e
clo
s
ed
f
o
r
m
ex
p
r
e
s
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io
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t
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w
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d
s
an
d
al
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o
a
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at
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e
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ati
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l
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al
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is
o
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t
h
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m
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u
tatio
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al
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m
p
lex
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h
a
t
th
e
ea
v
esd
r
o
p
p
er
n
ee
d
s
in
o
r
d
er
to
b
e
a
b
le
to
d
etec
t
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
s
o
f
th
e
p
ilo
t
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
s
ec
u
r
i
t
y
s
ch
e
m
e
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
to
e
x
is
t
in
g
p
h
y
s
ical
la
y
er
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ec
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r
it
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ar
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cter
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tics
o
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t
h
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tech
n
iq
u
e.
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h
e
p
o
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itio
n
s
o
f
th
e
s
u
b
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r
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ier
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m
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n
e
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s
y
m
b
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l
to
th
e
n
e
x
t
f
o
llo
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n
g
d
is
cr
ete
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
n
o
m
in
a
l
p
o
s
itio
n
s
o
f
p
ilo
t
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
d
ef
in
ed
in
th
e
tech
n
ical
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
.
I
n
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
lt
s
s
ec
tio
n
w
e
s
h
o
w
ed
th
e
s
ec
r
ec
y
ca
p
ac
it
y
a
n
d
th
e
o
u
ta
g
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
in
a
f
ast
f
ad
in
g
c
h
a
n
n
el.
W
e
s
h
o
w
ed
t
h
at
w
e
ca
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
tr
ad
e
o
f
f
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et
w
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o
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ta
g
e
p
r
o
b
ab
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p
er
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o
r
m
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ce
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th
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ata
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ata
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s
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r
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r
d
in
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l
y
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n
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w
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s
s
h
o
w
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th
at
th
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en
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lti
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SN
R
v
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u
es
w
h
e
r
e
B
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R
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w
(
B
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R
<1
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)
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d
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ca
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l I
n
s
titu
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tr
al
Ma
ce
d
o
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ia
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n
d
er
th
e
g
r
an
t S
A
T
/GS/1
5
/1
/1
7
-
01
-
2018.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
W
.
F
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
In
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
S
e
c
u
rit
y
o
f
P
HY
L
a
y
e
r
in
W
irele
ss
Ne
t
w
o
rk
s
,
”
Hin
d
a
wi
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
e
n
so
rs
,
v
o
l.
2
0
1
6
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
]
Y.
L
iu
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
P
h
y
sic
a
l
L
a
y
e
r
S
e
c
u
rit
y
f
o
r
Ne
x
t
G
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
W
irele
ss
Ne
t
w
o
rk
s:
T
h
e
o
ries
,
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
,
a
n
d
Ch
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
,
”
IEE
E
Co
mm
u
n
ica
t
i
o
n
s
S
u
rv
e
y
s
&
T
u
to
ria
ls
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
19
(
1
)
,
p
p
.
3
4
7
-
3
7
6
,
2
0
1
7
.
[3
]
A
.
M
u
k
h
e
rjee
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
P
ri
n
c
ip
les
o
f
P
h
y
sic
a
l
L
a
y
e
r
S
e
c
u
rit
y
in
M
u
lt
i
u
s
e
r
W
irele
ss
Ne
t
w
o
rk
s:
A
S
u
rv
e
y
,
”
IEE
E
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s S
u
r
v
e
y
s
&
T
u
to
ria
ls
,
v
ol
/
issu
e
:
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(
3
)
,
p
p
.
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5
5
0
-
1
5
7
3
,
2
0
1
4
.
[4
]
G
.
R.
T
so
u
ri
a
n
d
D.
W
u
li
c
h
,
“
S
e
c
u
rin
g
OFDM
o
v
e
r
W
irel
e
ss
T
i
m
e
-
V
a
r
y
in
g
Ch
a
n
n
e
ls
U
sin
g
S
u
b
c
a
rrier
Ov
e
rlo
a
d
in
g
w
it
h
Jo
i
n
t
S
ig
n
a
l
C
o
n
ste
ll
a
ti
o
n
s,”
EUR
AS
IP
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
n
W
ire
les
s
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
Ne
two
rk
in
g
-
S
p
e
c
ia
l
issu
e
o
n
wire
les
s p
h
y
sic
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l
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y
e
r se
c
u
rity
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ss
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e
:
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(
1
)
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p
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2
0
0
9
.
[5
]
N.
Ro
m
e
ro
-
Zu
rit
a
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
P
HY
L
a
y
e
r
S
e
c
u
rit
y
Ba
s
e
d
o
n
P
r
o
te
c
ted
Zo
n
e
a
n
d
A
rti
f
icia
l
No
ise
,
”
IEE
E
S
ig
n
a
l
Pro
c
e
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in
g
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e
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0
.
1
0
.
1
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2
0
.
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0
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3
0
.
3
5
S
N
R
(
d
B
)
S
e
c
r
e
c
y
C
a
p
a
c
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t
y
R
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e
(
b
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s
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s
/
H
z
)
5
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k
m
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h
T
c
p
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T
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m
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p
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T
o
f
d
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.