I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l a
nd
Co
m
p
ute
r
E
ng
in
ee
ring
(
I
J
E
CE
)
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2021
,
p
p
.
293
~
29
9
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
ec
e
.
v
11
i
1
.
pp
2
9
3
-
299
293
J
o
ur
na
l ho
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ep
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g
e
:
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ttp
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Co
ntactless
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cho
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ete
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icro
co
n
troller
R.
P
a
la
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m
y
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Vidy
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s
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g
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r
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ly
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da
ra
m
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Sridh
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r
De
p
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rtme
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e
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se
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in
a
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t
p
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o
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th
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R
P
M
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Dig
ital ta
c
h
o
m
eter
Me
m
o
r
y
u
n
it
M
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
T
r
an
s
m
itter
an
d
r
ec
eiv
er
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
S.
Vid
y
asa
g
ar
,
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
an
d
E
lectr
o
n
ics E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
SR
M
I
n
s
tit
u
te
o
f
Sc
ien
ce
a
n
d
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Kattan
k
u
lath
u
r
,
C
h
en
n
ai,
I
n
d
i
a.
E
m
ail:
v
id
y
a
s
as
@
s
r
m
is
t.e
d
u
.
i
n
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
b
asic o
p
er
atin
g
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
a
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
tac
h
o
m
e
ter
is
a
m
o
v
ab
le
m
a
g
n
et
d
r
iv
en
b
y
t
h
e
r
o
tatin
g
in
p
u
t
s
h
a
f
t
t
h
at
i
n
ter
ac
t
s
clo
s
el
y
w
it
h
a
n
ed
d
y
cu
r
r
en
t
s
e
n
s
o
r
th
at
g
e
n
er
ates
t
h
e
r
ea
d
in
g
[1
-
5]
.
T
h
e
r
o
tatin
g
m
ag
n
et
w
it
h
in
th
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
f
o
r
ce
s
th
e
in
d
icato
r
n
ee
d
le
to
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
r
ea
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
g
i
v
e
n
o
u
tp
u
t
m
et
h
o
d
as
p
er
th
e
en
g
i
n
e
s
p
ee
d
,
w
h
er
ea
s
a
co
u
n
ter
i
n
g
s
p
r
in
g
ac
t
s
ag
ai
n
s
t
th
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
f
o
r
ce
to
b
r
in
g
it
to
a
s
tab
le
s
to
p
p
in
g
p
o
in
t
(
o
u
tp
u
t
r
ea
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
d
ial)
[
6
]
.
A
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
a
d
ig
ital
tach
o
m
eter
,
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
k
in
d
f
ac
es
m
a
n
y
i
s
s
u
es
li
k
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
m
ec
h
a
n
ic
al
f
ail
u
r
e,
w
ea
r
o
f
p
ar
ts
w
it
h
a
g
e
th
at
m
i
g
h
t
g
iv
e
er
r
o
r
s
[7
-
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
b
asic
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
an
8
0
5
1
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
a
r
e
as
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
,
Fla
s
h
Me
m
o
r
y
=
8
k
B
,
R
A
M=
2
5
6
B
y
te
s
,
C
lo
ck
s
p
ee
d
=1
2
Mh
z,
o
n
e
o
p
er
atin
g
c
y
cl
e=
1
2
clo
ck
c
y
cles,
8
0
5
1
o
p
er
atin
g
v
o
lta
g
e
i
s
g
en
er
all
y
b
et
w
ee
n
5
V
to
6
.
6
V
an
d
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
c
u
r
r
en
t r
eq
u
ir
ed
is
2
5
m
Am
p
s
[
1
2
-
14]
.
Sin
g
le
i
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
e
x
ec
u
ted
in
2
m
ac
h
i
n
e
c
y
cles
Ge
n
er
al
I
D
E
an
d
b
u
r
n
er
ca
n
u
s
ed
to
w
r
it
e
an
d
co
m
p
ile
co
d
e
in
as
s
e
m
b
l
y
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
f
o
r
8
0
5
1
.
P
r
o
g
r
am
m
er
n
ee
d
s
to
k
n
o
w
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
r
eg
is
ter
s
an
d
p
in
s
a
n
d
t
h
eir
s
p
ec
if
ic
o
p
er
atio
n
s
b
y
co
m
p
il
er
alo
n
g
w
it
h
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
p
ec
if
ic
SF
R
,
s
a
n
d
in
ter
r
u
p
t
r
o
u
tin
e
s
to
w
r
ite
co
d
e
f
o
r
8
0
5
1
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
o
co
d
e
a
8
0
5
1
co
n
tr
o
ller
w
e
n
ee
d
a
b
u
r
n
er
al
s
o
k
n
o
w
n
as
an
ex
ter
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
er
as it d
o
es n
o
t
d
ir
e
ctl
y
i
n
ter
ac
t d
ir
ec
tl
y
w
it
h
a
m
o
d
er
n
co
m
p
u
ter
[
1
5
-
17]
.
I
t is to
u
g
h
to
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
in
Ass
e
m
b
l
y
la
n
g
u
a
g
e.
No
E
E
P
R
OM
.
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
b
o
ar
d
s
n
ee
d
a
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
o
f
5
V
to
o
p
e
r
ate
an
d
w
o
r
k
u
p
to
a
r
ag
e
o
f
2
0
V.
I
t
ca
n
b
d
ir
ec
tl
y
p
o
w
er
ed
b
y
t
h
e
d
ev
ice
b
ei
n
g
u
s
ed
to
co
d
e
it
te
s
tin
g
as
it
i
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
u
s
in
g
a
b
asic
US
B
ca
b
le
th
at
is
ea
s
il
y
a
v
ailab
le.
T
h
e
y
ca
n
al
s
o
b
e
p
o
w
er
ed
u
s
i
n
g
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t so
u
r
ce
s
u
s
i
n
g
a
n
ex
ter
n
al
ad
a
p
ter
[
1
8
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2021
:
29
3
-
29
9
294
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
is
p
r
esen
t
i
n
lo
g
ic
5
V
an
d
3
.
3
V.
T
h
at
lets
u
s
u
s
e
ar
d
u
in
o
m
o
r
e
ad
ap
tab
ly
as
c
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
an
8
0
5
1
an
d
ca
n
in
ter
f
ac
ed
w
it
h
a
5
V
lo
g
ic
in
p
u
t
d
e
v
ice
an
d
lo
w
er
v
o
ltag
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
w
it
h
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
t
h
at
ca
n
b
e
tak
en
d
ir
ec
tl
y
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
ar
d
u
i
n
o
b
o
ar
d
.
T
h
at
elim
in
ate
s
th
e
n
ee
d
o
f
a
lev
el
co
n
v
er
ter
[
1
9
-
21]
.
Min
i
m
u
m
r
eq
u
ir
ed
p
o
w
er
i
n
g
cu
r
r
en
t is 2
5
m
Am
p
s
th
at
i
s
li
k
e
8
0
5
1
.
I
ts
GP
I
O
p
in
s
b
e
u
s
ed
alo
n
g
s
id
e
4
0
m
a
m
p
s
o
f
cu
r
r
e
n
t
w
h
i
ch
is
v
er
y
ad
v
an
ta
g
eo
u
s
w
h
e
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
an
8
0
5
1
’
s
o
n
b
o
ar
d
g
p
io
[
2
2
]
.
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
u
n
o
Fla
s
h
Me
m
o
r
y
is
f
i
x
ed
at
3
2
k
B
,
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
u
n
o
’
s
R
A
M
is
p
r
e
-
s
et
to
2
k
B
,
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
uno
E
E
P
R
OM
at
1
k
B
,
clo
ck
s
p
ee
d
at
1
6
Mh
z
th
at
ca
n
b
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
u
p
to
2
0
Mh
z,
h
er
e
w
e
co
n
s
id
er
it
as
:
o
n
e
o
p
er
atin
g
c
y
c
le
=
1
o
p
er
at
in
g
clo
c
k
s
c
y
cle
.
An
i
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
r
u
n
f
o
r
a
s
in
g
le
o
p
er
atio
n
cy
cle
[
2
3
]
.
I
t is ea
s
ier
to
co
d
e
in
c
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
in
g
la
n
g
u
a
g
e.
P
I
C
n
ee
d
s
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
a
s
i
n
g
le
clo
ck
c
y
cle
f
o
r
ev
er
y
i
n
s
tr
u
cti
o
n
.
A
V
R
C
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
i
n
g
let
s
u
s
e
x
ec
u
te
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
i
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
in
a
s
in
g
le
c
lo
ck
c
y
cle
[
2
4
]
.
P
I
C
h
as
a
f
i
x
ed
m
e
m
o
r
y
s
tack
th
at
h
as
v
er
y
li
m
i
ted
s
p
ac
e,
s
o
it
li
m
it
s
u
s
f
r
o
m
s
tac
k
in
g
th
e
m
v
er
y
d
ee
p
l
y
an
d
h
e
n
ce
s
u
b
r
o
u
ti
n
es a
r
e
li
m
i
ted
to
a
ce
r
tain
ex
te
n
t a
n
d
C
c
o
m
p
iler
ca
n
n
o
t
m
a
k
e
b
i
g
s
tac
k
f
r
a
m
es.
Stac
k
p
o
in
ter
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
ad
d
r
ess
all
r
eg
is
ter
s
o
f
R
A
M
t
h
at
ar
e
av
ailab
le
in
th
e
g
i
v
en
m
e
m
o
r
y
s
p
ac
e
[
2
5
,
2
6
]
.
P
I
C
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
d
ir
ec
tly
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I
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N:
2088
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8708
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CO
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I
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11
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Feb
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:
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3
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6
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in
t
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m=9
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flo
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in
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1
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i
r
p
m;
in
o
ld
time=0
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in
t
i
time;
vo
id
is
r
(
)
//in
ter
r
u
p
t
i
s
ervice
r
o
u
tin
e
{
r
ev
++;
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vo
id
i
s
etu
p
(
)
{
// set u
p
th
e
i
LC
D'
s
n
u
mb
er
i
o
f c
o
lu
mn
s
a
n
d
r
o
w
s
:
lcd
i
b
eg
in
(
1
6
,
2
)
;
// P
r
in
t
i
a
mess
a
g
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to
th
e
LC
D.
a
tta
ch
I
n
terr
u
p
t(
2
,
is
r
,
R
I
S
I
N
G)
;
}
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
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&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
C
o
n
ta
ctless
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ig
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l ta
ch
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u
s
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R
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a
la
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297
vo
id
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lo
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p
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d
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1
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d
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ch
i
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t
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u
p
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//d
eta
ch
es
i
th
e
in
terr
u
p
t
time=mill
is
(
)
i
o
ld
time;
//fi
n
d
s
th
e
time
r
p
m=(
r
ev
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me
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*
6
0
0
0
0
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//ca
lcu
la
tes
i
r
p
m
o
ld
time=mi
llis
(
)
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a
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//fi
n
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th
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d
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ty
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r
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n
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"
_
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r
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ch
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I
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p
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0
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is
r
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I
S
I
N
G)
;
4.
CO
NT
RO
L
L
I
NG
T
H
E
SP
E
E
D
O
F
M
O
T
O
R
Fo
r
r
eg
u
lati
n
g
t
h
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
to
r
,
a
p
o
ten
tio
m
eter
i
s
ad
d
ed
to
th
e
cir
cu
it.
Fo
r
d
r
iv
i
n
g
th
e
m
o
to
r
,
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
Q1
is
u
s
ed
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
li
m
it
in
g
r
esi
s
ta
n
ce
R
1
,
t
h
e
b
ase
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
P
W
M
p
in
9
o
f
t
h
e
ar
d
u
i
n
o
.
An
alo
g
p
in
A
0
o
f
t
h
e
ar
d
u
i
n
o
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
t
h
e
w
ip
er
o
f
th
e
s
p
ee
d
co
n
tr
o
l
p
o
t
R
4
.
Usi
n
g
th
e
an
alo
g
r
ea
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
at
t
h
is
p
in
is
co
n
v
er
ted
in
to
a
v
al
u
e
b
et
w
ee
n
0
a
n
d
1
0
2
3
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
f
it
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
b
et
w
ee
n
0
to
2
5
5
,
th
is
v
al
u
e
is
d
i
v
id
e
d
b
y
4
.
Usi
n
g
t
h
e
an
alo
g
W
r
ite
f
u
n
ctio
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,
th
e
v
alu
e
i
s
w
r
it
ten
to
th
e
P
W
M
p
in
9
.
R
e
s
u
lt
is
s
ee
n
at
p
in
9
.
I
ts
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
is
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
th
e
v
al
u
e
w
r
itte
n
u
s
i
n
g
a
n
alo
g
w
r
ite
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
if
t
h
e
v
alu
e
i
s
1
2
7
,
th
e
d
u
ty
c
y
cle
will
b
e
5
0
%
an
d
if
t
h
e
v
alu
e
i
s
2
5
5
,
th
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
c
le
w
il
l
b
e
1
0
0
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1
is
a
n
o
is
e
b
y
p
as
s
ca
p
ac
ito
r
an
d
D1
is
a
f
r
ee
w
h
ee
li
n
g
d
io
d
e.
Usi
n
g
th
e
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
liq
u
id
cr
y
s
tal
lib
r
ar
y
,
t
h
e
R
P
M
an
d
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
ar
e
d
is
p
la
y
ed
.
C
o
n
tact
less
i
tach
o
m
eter
i
s
a
d
ev
ice
u
s
ed
to
i
m
ea
s
u
r
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
a
m
o
to
r
b
y
co
u
n
ti
n
g
th
e
i
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
o
tatio
n
s
p
er
s
ec
o
n
d
i
o
f
a
r
o
tat
in
g
s
h
a
f
t
u
s
in
g
m
icr
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i
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
A
s
th
e
n
a
m
e
i
i
n
d
icate
s
,
it
c
an
v
er
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ac
cu
r
atel
y
m
ea
s
u
r
e
i
t
h
e
r
o
tatio
n
al
s
p
ee
d
o
f
a
s
h
a
f
t
i
w
it
h
o
u
t
e
v
en
t
o
u
c
h
in
g
it.
T
h
is
is
i
n
ter
es
tin
g
i
b
ec
au
s
e
m
a
k
i
n
g
d
ir
ec
t
co
n
tact
i
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
h
af
t i
s
n
o
t a
n
i
op
tio
n
,
an
d
w
il
l r
ed
u
ce
th
e
s
p
ee
d
i
o
f
th
e
s
h
a
f
t g
i
v
i
n
g
f
a
u
lt
y
i
r
ea
d
in
g
s
.
5.
E
XP
E
R
I
M
E
NT
A
L
RE
SUL
T
T
h
is
ca
n
also
b
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
i
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
m
o
to
r
s
i
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
at
u
n
r
ea
c
h
a
b
le
p
lace
s
.
T
h
is
d
ev
ice
i
i
s
b
u
i
lt
o
n
a
m
i
cr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
–
A
t
m
eg
a3
2
8
,
s
p
ee
d
is
d
etec
ted
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
I
R
tr
an
s
m
itter
a
n
d
r
ec
eiv
er
p
air
,
r
ea
d
in
g
s
ar
e
d
i
s
p
lay
ed
u
s
in
g
i
a
L
C
D
d
is
p
la
y
a
n
d
i
th
e
s
p
ee
d
is
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
a
i
p
o
t.
I
t
w
o
r
k
s
o
n
th
e
p
r
in
cip
le
i
t
h
at
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ti
m
e
s
i
t
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e
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R
r
ec
ei
v
er
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tr
a
n
s
m
itter
i
cir
c
u
it
i
s
cu
t
a
n
d
r
e
-
es
t
ab
lis
h
ed
in
i
a
s
ec
o
n
d
g
iv
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s
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
i
o
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s
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er
s
ec
o
n
d
.
T
h
e
v
alu
e
i
s
i
d
is
p
l
a
y
ed
o
n
th
e
L
C
D
i
d
is
p
la
y
.
T
h
e
im
a
g
e
s
h
o
w
s
i
t
h
e
tach
o
m
eter
cir
cu
it
th
at
h
as
i
b
ee
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u
s
ed
as
o
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r
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m
o
d
el
f
o
r
tr
ac
k
in
g
i
t
h
e
R
P
M
o
f
a
d
c
i
m
o
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h
a
s
b
ee
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o
w
er
ed
i
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
tl
y
.
T
h
e
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
i
i
n
itia
lizatio
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f
t
h
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c
u
i
t
w
h
e
n
th
e
th
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n
o
m
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v
e
m
en
t
i
an
d
L
C
D
r
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d
s
0
R
P
M.
T
h
e
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
w
s
an
R
P
M
o
f
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7
3
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at
th
e
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m
o
d
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ac
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r
o
m
t
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e
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h
e
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C
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d
i
s
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la
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g
f
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al
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t
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s
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o
w
n
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F
ig
u
r
e
6
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
E
x
p
er
i
m
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tal
s
et
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Fig
u
r
e
5
.
I
n
itialized
cir
cu
it
f
o
r
R
P
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m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2021
:
29
3
-
29
9
298
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
L
C
D
d
i
s
p
la
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n
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f
i
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l RP
M
o
u
tp
u
t
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
i
s
f
ast
-
g
r
o
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n
g
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ld
o
f
tech
n
o
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ies
i
n
t
h
e
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
en
ter
p
r
is
e,
m
o
to
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an
d
g
en
er
at
o
r
ar
e
o
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tial
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ar
ts
o
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t
h
e
i
n
d
u
s
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.
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r
a
p
ar
tic
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lar
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lic
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n
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n
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d
u
s
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ies,
t
h
e
s
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ee
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s
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to
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e
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ix
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d
f
o
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th
i
s
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ea
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o
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it
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n
o
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t
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e
s
p
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d
in
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o
l
u
tio
n
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er
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n
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ter
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d
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at
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r
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s
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o
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h
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e
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e
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M
o
f
t
h
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e.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
V.
Ra
m
y
a
,
a
n
d
B.
P
a
lan
iap
p
a
n
,
“
Em
b
e
d
d
e
d
s
y
ste
m
Ha
z
a
rd
o
u
s
G
a
s
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
a
n
d
A
lertin
g
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Distrib
u
ted
a
n
d
P
a
ra
l
lel
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
8
7
-
3
0
0
,
2
0
1
2
.
[2
]
S
e
lv
a
p
riy
a
,
S
a
th
y
a
P
ra
b
h
a
,
A
b
d
u
lrah
im
,
A
a
rth
i
K
.,
“
L
P
G
L
e
a
k
a
g
e
M
u
lt
i
lev
e
l
A
lertin
g
S
y
ste
m
,”
S
a
th
y
a
Pra
b
h
a
S
2
,
Ab
d
u
lra
h
im
M
3
,
2
0
1
3
.
[3
]
S
a
g
a
r
S
h
in
d
e
,
S
.
B.
P
a
ti
l,
A.
J.
P
a
ti
l
“
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
M
o
v
a
b
le
Tan
k
e
r
L
e
a
k
a
g
e
D
e
tec
ti
o
n
Us
in
g
W
irele
ss
S
e
n
so
r
Ne
tw
o
rk
B
a
se
d
o
n
Em
b
e
d
d
e
d
S
y
ste
m
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
Res
e
a
rc
h
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
(
IJ
T
ER
A)
,
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
1
8
0
-
1
1
8
3
,
2
0
1
2
.
[4
]
A
sh
ish
S
h
riv
a
sta
v
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
G
S
M
Ba
se
d
G
a
s
L
e
a
k
a
g
e
De
tec
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Eme
rg
i
n
g
T
re
n
d
s i
n
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
El
e
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tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
4
2
-
4
5
,
2
0
1
3
.
[5
]
T.
S
o
u
n
d
a
ry
a
,
a
n
d
J.
V
.
A
n
c
h
it
a
a
lag
a
m
m
a
i
,
“
Co
n
tro
l
a
n
d
M
o
n
it
o
rin
g
S
y
ste
m
f
o
r
L
iq
u
e
f
ied
P
e
tro
l
e
u
m
Ga
s
(
L
P
G
)
De
tec
ti
o
n
,
”
In
t
.
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
In
n
o
v
a
t
io
n
s in
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
6
9
6
-
7
0
0
,
2
0
1
4
.
[6
]
Zh
a
o
Ya
n
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Re
se
a
rc
h
o
n
L
e
a
k
a
g
e
f
o
r
De
tec
ti
o
n
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
L
e
a
k
a
g
e
P
o
in
t
i
n
th
e
G
a
s
P
i
p
e
li
n
e
S
y
ste
m
,
”
Op
e
n
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
S
a
fety
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l.
1
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
9
4
-
1
0
0
,
2
0
1
1
.
[7
]
S
e
lv
a
k
u
m
a
r
K
,
P
a
lan
isa
m
y
R
,
a
n
d
Vijay
a
k
u
m
a
r
K
,
“
H
y
ste
re
sis
c
o
n
tro
l
3
-
L
e
v
e
l
S
I
-
NP
C
i
n
v
e
rter
w
i
th
W
in
d
e
n
e
rg
y
s
y
ste
m
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
7
6
4
-
1
7
7
0
,
2
0
1
7
.
[8
]
Bh
a
g
y
a
L
a
k
sh
m
i.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
He
a
rt
Be
a
t
a
De
tec
to
r
u
sin
g
In
f
ra
re
d
P
u
lse
S
e
n
s
o
r
,
”
IJ
S
RD
-
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
S
c
ien
ti
ic R
e
se
a
rc
h
&
De
v
e
lo
p
me
n
t,
v
o
l
.
3
,
n
o
.
0
9
,
2
0
1
5
.
[9
]
Na
z
m
u
s
S
a
q
u
ib
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
M
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
o
f
He
a
rt
Ra
te
Us
in
g
P
h
o
to
p
leth
y
s
m
o
g
ra
p
h
y
”
Emb
e
d
d
e
d
L
a
b
.
PC
-
b
a
se
d
ra
t
e
mo
n
it
o
r u
si
n
g
Ard
u
in
o
a
n
d
Ea
sy
Pu
lse
se
n
so
r,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
0
]
R.
Ra
j
a
n
d
S
.
J.
Jo
th
i,
“
Esti
m
a
ti
o
n
o
f
He
a
rt
Ra
te
f
ro
m
P
h
o
to
p
leth
y
s
m
o
g
ra
p
h
ic
S
ig
n
a
l
Us
in
g
S
V
R
M
e
th
o
d
,
”
T
h
e
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
c
ie
n
c
e
&
T
e
c
h
n
o
led
g
e
,
v
o
l
.
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
1
]
P
a
lan
isa
m
y
R
,
a
n
d
V
ij
a
y
a
k
u
m
a
r
K
,
“
P
a
p
e
r
S
VP
W
M
f
o
r
3
-
p
h
a
se
3
-
lev
e
l
n
e
u
tral
p
o
in
t
c
lam
p
e
d
in
v
e
rter
fe
d
in
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
o
to
r
c
o
n
tr
o
l
,
”
I
n
d
o
n
e
sia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
7
0
3
-
7
1
0
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
2
]
S
a
g
a
r
C.
C
h
h
a
trala
,
M
it
u
l
R.
Kh
a
n
d
h
e
d
ia.,
“
Ub
i
q
u
it
o
u
s
P
h
y
si
o
lo
g
ica
l
M
o
n
it
o
rin
g
o
f
S
P
O
2
&
He
a
rt
Ra
te
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
f
o
r R
e
se
a
rc
h
in
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ica
l
S
t
u
d
ies
,
v
o
l.
1
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
4
-
7
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
1
4
.
[1
3
]
Uf
o
a
r
o
h
S
.
U
,
Ora
n
u
g
o
C.
O,
Uc
h
e
c
h
u
k
w
u
M
.
E.
,
“
He
a
rtb
e
a
t
m
o
n
it
o
rin
g
sy
ste
m
u
sin
g
G
S
M
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
Res
e
a
rc
h
a
n
d
Ge
n
e
ra
l
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
6
-
3
4
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
4
]
B.
S
.
Kim
a
n
d
S
.
K.
Y
o
o
,
“
M
o
ti
o
n
a
rti
f
a
c
t
re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
in
p
h
o
t
o
p
leth
y
s
m
o
g
ra
p
h
y
u
sin
g
in
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
t
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
a
n
a
ly
sis,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
Bi
o
me
d
ica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
5
3
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
5
6
6
-
5
6
8
,
2
0
0
6
.
[1
5
]
Z.
Zh
a
n
g
,
Z.
P
i,
a
n
d
B.
L
iu
,
“
T
ro
ik
a
:
A
g
e
n
e
ra
l
f
ra
m
e
w
o
rk
f
o
r
h
e
a
rt
ra
te
m
o
n
it
o
rin
g
u
sin
g
w
rist
-
t
y
p
e
p
h
o
to
p
leth
y
s
m
o
g
ra
p
h
ic sig
n
a
ls d
u
rin
g
in
ten
siv
e
p
h
y
sic
a
l
e
x
e
rc
is
e
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
Bi
o
me
d
ic
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
6
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
5
2
2
-
5
3
1
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
6
]
F
.
W
a
d
e
h
n
,
D.
Ca
rn
a
l,
a
n
d
H.
-
A
.
L
o
e
li
g
e
r,
“
Esti
m
a
ti
o
n
o
f
h
e
a
rt
ra
te
a
n
d
h
e
a
rt
ra
te
v
a
riab
il
it
y
f
ro
m
p
u
lse
o
x
im
e
ter
re
c
o
rd
in
g
s
u
si
n
g
lo
c
a
li
z
e
d
m
o
d
e
l
f
it
ti
n
g
,
”
3
7
th
An
n
u
a
l
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
f
th
e
IEE
E
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
i
n
M
e
d
icin
e
a
n
d
Bi
o
lo
g
y
S
o
c
iety
(
EM
BC)
,
p
p
.
3
8
1
5
-
3
8
1
8
,
2
0
1
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
C
o
n
ta
ctless
d
ig
ita
l ta
ch
o
mete
r
u
s
in
g
micro
co
n
tr
o
ller
(
R
.
P
a
la
n
is
a
my)
299
[1
7
]
R.
G
ra
a
ff
,
A
.
Da
s
se
l,
W
.
Zi
jl
stra
,
F
.
De
M
u
l,
a
n
d
J
.
A
a
rn
o
u
d
se
,
“
Ho
w
ti
ss
u
e
o
p
ti
c
s
i
n
f
lu
e
n
c
e
s
re
f
lec
t
a
n
c
e
p
u
lse
o
x
im
e
tr
y
,
”
Ox
y
g
e
n
tra
n
sp
o
rt
to
T
issu
e
XV
II.
S
p
ri
n
g
e
r,
B
o
sto
n
,
M
A
,
p
p
.
1
1
7
-
1
3
2
,
1
9
9
6
.
[1
8
]
S
.
M
.
L
´
o
p
e
z
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
He
u
risti
c
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
p
h
o
t
o
p
let
h
y
s
m
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic
h
e
a
rt
ra
te
trac
k
in
g
d
u
rin
g
m
a
x
i
m
a
l
e
x
e
rc
is
e
tes
t,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
M
e
d
ica
l
a
n
d
Bi
o
lo
g
ic
a
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
3
2
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
8
1
-
1
8
8
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
9
]
Z.
Zh
a
n
g
,
“
He
a
rt
ra
te
m
o
n
it
o
rin
g
f
ro
m
w
rist
-
t
y
p
e
p
h
o
to
p
leth
y
s
m
o
g
ra
p
h
ic
(P
P
G
)
sig
n
a
ls
d
u
rin
g
i
n
ten
siv
e
p
h
y
sic
a
l
e
x
e
rc
is
e
,
”
T
h
e
2
n
d
IEE
E
Glo
b
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
S
i
g
n
a
l
a
n
d
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
Pr
o
c
e
ss
in
g
,
p
p
.
6
9
8
-
7
0
2
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
0
]
P
.
S
t
o
ica
a
n
d
R.
L
.
M
o
se
s,
“
S
p
e
c
tral
a
n
a
ly
si
s o
f
sig
n
a
ls,”
Pea
rs
o
n
/
Pre
n
ti
c
e
Ha
ll
Up
p
e
r S
a
d
d
le R
ive
r,
NJ
,
2
0
0
5
.
[2
1
]
I.
F
.
G
o
ro
d
n
it
sk
y
a
n
d
B.
D.
Ra
o
,
“
S
p
a
rse
sig
n
a
l
re
c
o
n
stru
c
ti
o
n
f
ro
m
li
m
it
e
d
d
a
ta
u
sin
g
F
OCU
S
S
:
a
re
-
w
e
ig
h
ted
m
in
i
m
u
m
n
o
rm
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
o
n
S
ig
n
a
l
Pro
c
e
ss
in
g
,
v
o
l.
4
5
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
6
0
0
-
6
1
6
,
1
9
9
7
.
[2
2
]
D.
Do
n
o
h
o
,
“
Co
m
p
re
ss
e
d
se
n
sin
g
,
”
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
f
o
rm
a
t
io
n
T
h
e
o
ry
,
v
o
l.
5
2
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
2
8
9
-
1
3
0
6
,
2
0
0
6
.
[2
3
]
M
.
El
a
d
,
“
S
p
a
rse
a
n
d
Re
d
u
n
d
a
n
t
Re
p
re
se
n
tatio
n
s:
F
ro
m
T
h
e
o
ry
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[2
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R.
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[2
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.
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