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.
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e
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
v
er
i
f
ied
u
s
in
g
m
atl
ab
/ si
m
u
li
n
k
to
o
l.
2.
P
V
SYST
E
M
AND
M
P
P
T
AL
G
O
R
I
T
H
M
2
.
1
.
P
V
s
y
s
t
em
m
o
dellin
g
A
p
h
o
to
v
o
lta
ic
(
P
V)
ce
ll
u
n
it
o
r
p
h
o
to
elec
tr
ic
ce
ll
u
n
it
is
a
p
o
w
er
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
d
ev
ice
th
a
t
ex
ch
a
n
g
es
l
ig
h
t
e
n
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
to
elec
tr
ical
e
n
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
b
y
P
V
ef
f
ec
t
co
n
d
itio
n
[
1
3
]
.
I
f
t
h
e
e
n
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
p
h
o
to
n
o
f
li
g
h
t
i
s
s
u
p
er
io
r
to
t
h
e
b
an
d
g
ap
a
f
ter
w
ar
d
s
th
e
el
ec
tr
o
n
is
r
elea
s
ed
a
n
d
t
h
e
elec
tr
o
n
f
lo
w
g
en
er
ate
s
cu
r
r
en
t so
u
r
ce
.
Nev
er
th
e
less
a
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
ce
ll u
n
it i
s
d
is
s
i
m
ilar
f
r
o
m
a
p
h
o
to
d
io
d
e
u
n
it.
I
n
a
p
h
o
to
d
io
d
e
u
n
it
lig
h
t
s
o
u
r
ce
f
alls
o
n
n
-
c
h
an
n
e
l
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
j
u
n
ctio
n
p
o
in
t
an
d
o
b
tain
r
eh
ab
ilit
ated
in
to
cu
r
r
en
t
o
r
v
o
ltag
e
s
ig
n
al
b
u
t
a
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
ce
ll
u
n
it
is
f
o
r
ev
er
f
o
r
w
ar
d
b
iased
co
n
d
itio
n
[
1
4
]
.
P
V
ar
r
ay
m
o
d
ell
in
g
cir
cu
it
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
2
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
P
V
ar
r
ay
m
o
d
ellin
g
cir
cu
it
A
P
V
ar
r
a
y
u
n
it
co
n
tai
n
s
o
f
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
c
ells
i
n
s
er
ie
s
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
a
n
d
p
ar
allel
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
.
Ser
ies
co
n
n
ec
te
d
s
ch
e
m
es
ar
e
ac
co
u
n
tab
le
f
o
r
escalati
n
g
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
h
ile
th
e
p
ar
allel
co
n
n
ec
ted
s
ch
e
m
es
ar
e
ac
co
u
n
tab
le
f
o
r
escala
tin
g
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
i
n
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
[
1
5
]
.
I
n
g
e
n
er
all
y
a
s
o
lar
ce
ll
s
ch
e
m
e
ca
n
b
e
d
esig
n
e
d
b
y
a
cu
r
r
en
t
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
an
u
p
tu
r
n
ed
d
io
d
e
ass
o
ciate
d
in
p
ar
allel
to
s
y
s
te
m
.
I
t
h
as
it
s
o
w
n
s
er
ies
r
esi
s
tan
ce
an
d
p
ar
allel
r
esis
ta
n
ce
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
[
1
6
]
.
Ser
ies
r
esis
ta
n
ce
is
d
u
e
to
im
p
ed
i
m
e
n
t
i
n
th
e
p
ath
o
f
el
ec
tr
o
n
s
f
lo
w
f
r
o
m
n
-
c
h
a
n
n
el
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
to
p
-
ch
a
n
n
e
l
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
j
u
n
ctio
n
p
o
in
t
an
d
p
ar
allel
r
esis
tan
ce
is
d
u
e
to
th
e
leak
a
g
e
cu
r
r
en
t,
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
S
imu
la
tio
n
o
f v
a
r
io
u
s
d
c
-
d
c
co
n
ve
r
ters
fo
r
p
h
o
to
vo
lta
ic
s
ystem
(
R
.
P
a
la
n
is
a
my
)
919
o
u
tp
u
t c
u
r
r
e
n
t f
r
o
m
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
ar
r
a
y
u
n
it d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
,
(
1
)
(
2
)
W
h
er
e
I
p
is
th
e
r
ev
er
s
e
s
at
u
r
atio
n
c
u
r
r
en
t
o
f
th
e
d
io
d
e,
y
is
th
e
elec
tr
o
n
ch
ar
g
e,
Vd
d
is
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
ac
r
o
s
s
t
h
e
d
io
d
e,
w
is
B
o
ltz
m
an
n
co
n
s
ta
n
t a
n
d
Q
is
t
h
e
j
u
n
c
tio
n
te
m
p
e
r
atu
r
e,
f
r
o
m
E
q
u
atio
n
s
(
1
)
an
d
(
2
)
,
(
3
)
(
4
)
I
n
in
s
tr
u
ct
to
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
th
e
s
o
lar
p
an
el
u
n
i
t,
it
n
ec
es
s
ita
tes
t
w
o
d
io
d
e
s
ch
e
m
e
m
o
d
el
s
b
u
t
in
t
h
e
p
r
o
j
ec
ted
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
it
is
i
n
ad
eq
u
ate
to
th
e
s
in
g
le
d
io
d
e
m
o
d
el.
A
l
s
o
,
th
e
s
h
u
n
t
r
esi
s
ta
n
ce
is
v
er
y
elev
a
ted
an
d
ca
n
b
e
d
eser
ted
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
p
ath
o
f
th
e
d
is
c
u
s
s
io
n
[
1
3
]
.
2
.
2
.
M
P
P
T
a
lg
o
rit
hm
(
P
&O
m
et
ho
d
)
A
d
is
ti
n
cti
v
e
s
o
lar
p
an
el
u
n
it
ex
ch
a
n
g
es
o
n
l
y
3
0
to
4
0
p
er
c
en
t
o
f
th
e
i
n
cid
en
t
li
g
h
t
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
s
o
u
r
ce
in
to
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
.
T
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
t
h
e
Ma
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
p
o
in
t
tr
ac
k
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
(
MP
PT)
m
et
h
o
d
is
u
s
ed
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Ma
x
i
m
u
m
P
o
w
er
T
r
an
s
f
er
th
eo
r
e
m
,
th
e
p
o
w
e
r
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
a
cir
cu
i
t
is
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
,
w
h
e
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
o
u
r
ce
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
m
atc
h
es
w
i
th
t
h
e
lo
ad
im
p
ed
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
.
P
-
V
s
y
s
te
m
c
h
ar
ac
te
r
is
tics
cu
r
v
e
o
f
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
ce
ll
u
n
it
a
n
d
tr
ac
k
i
n
g
o
f
MP
P
v
alu
e
b
y
P
&
O
m
et
h
o
d
b
en
ea
th
q
u
ic
k
l
y
alter
i
n
g
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
3.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
(
a)
P
-
V
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
ti
cs c
u
r
v
e
o
f
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
ce
ll
(
b
)
tr
ac
k
in
g
o
f
MP
P
b
y
P
&
O
al
g
o
r
ith
m
u
n
d
er
r
ap
id
ly
v
ar
y
i
n
g
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
P
er
tu
r
b
&
Ob
s
er
v
e
(
P
&
O)
i
s
t
h
e
o
n
e
o
f
MP
PT
m
eth
o
d
,
w
h
i
ch
s
i
m
p
le
an
d
ea
s
y
to
d
esi
g
n
.
I
t
e
m
p
lo
y
s
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
v
o
lta
g
e
s
en
s
o
r
u
n
it,
to
s
en
s
e
t
h
e
P
V
ar
r
a
y
v
o
lta
g
e
v
alu
e
a
n
d
s
o
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
ac
co
m
p
li
s
h
m
en
t
i
s
v
er
y
less
a
n
d
th
er
e
f
o
r
e
u
n
co
m
p
lica
ted
to
ex
ec
u
te.
T
h
e
ti
m
e
i
n
tr
i
ca
c
y
o
f
t
h
i
s
MP
PT
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
v
er
y
m
in
i
m
u
m
,
b
u
t
o
n
attai
n
m
en
t
ex
tr
e
m
el
y
s
ec
u
r
e
to
th
e
r
ea
c
h
MP
P
it
d
o
esn
’
t
d
is
co
n
t
in
u
e
at
t
h
e
MP
P
an
d
m
a
in
ta
in
o
n
d
is
q
u
ieti
n
g
o
n
b
o
th
th
e
d
ir
ec
ti
o
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
P
er
tu
r
b
&
Ob
s
er
v
e
MP
PT
s
ch
e
m
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
t
h
at
w
h
e
n
th
e
w
o
r
k
in
g
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
th
e
P
V
p
an
el
u
n
it
is
p
er
t
u
r
b
ed
b
y
a
d
i
m
i
n
u
tiv
e
a
u
g
m
e
n
tat
io
n
,
i
f
th
e
en
s
u
in
g
r
ev
o
l
u
tio
n
ize
in
c
h
a
n
g
e
i
n
p
o
w
er
Δ
P
is
p
o
s
itiv
e
c
h
ar
g
e
(
Δ
P
>0
)
,
th
e
n
it
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
to
b
u
d
g
e
i
n
t
h
e
t
r
ac
k
o
f
MP
P
an
d
it
r
e
m
ai
n
o
n
d
is
q
u
ieti
n
g
i
n
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
s
y
s
te
m
.
I
f
Δ
P
is
n
e
g
ati
v
e
c
h
ar
g
e
(
Δ
P
<0
)
,
it lea
v
e
s
ab
s
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
d
ir
ec
t
io
n
o
f
MP
P
an
d
th
e
in
d
icatio
n
o
f
p
er
tu
r
b
atio
n
ab
o
u
n
d
i
n
g
h
as
to
b
e
d
is
to
r
ted
.
T
h
e
f
lo
w
ch
ar
t
f
o
r
P
&
O
al
g
o
r
ith
m
i
s
s
h
o
wn
in
F
ig
u
r
e
4.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il 2
0
1
9
:
9
1
7
-
9
2
5
920
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Flo
w
c
h
ar
t
f
o
r
P
&
O
alg
o
r
ith
m
3.
CO
M
P
ARIS
O
N
O
F
VARIO
US D
C
-
DC
CO
NV
E
RT
E
R
S
T
h
e
d
c
-
d
c
co
n
v
er
ter
is
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
y
s
te
m
w
h
ic
h
co
n
v
er
ts
d
c
s
o
u
r
ce
v
o
lta
g
e
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
v
o
lt
ag
e
r
an
g
e
to
an
o
th
er
v
o
lta
g
e
r
a
n
g
e.
I
t
at
t
r
ac
ts
m
an
y
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
er
s
to
b
o
o
s
t
o
r
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
en
e
w
ab
le
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
te
m
s
li
k
e
f
u
el
ce
ll,
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
a
n
d
w
in
d
e
n
er
g
y
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
d
c
–
d
c
co
n
v
er
ter
s
ar
e
p
o
w
er
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
co
n
v
er
ter
wh
ich
i
n
n
ate
l
y
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
a
ce
r
tain
a
m
o
u
n
t
r
ip
p
le
i
n
c
u
r
r
en
t
o
u
tp
u
t,
w
h
ich
is
m
i
n
i
m
is
ed
w
it
h
h
elp
o
f
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
d
c
-
d
c
co
n
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ter
s
lik
e
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p
ic
co
n
v
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ter
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d
ze
ta
co
n
v
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ter
.
Gen
er
all
y
th
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
d
c
-
d
c
co
n
v
er
ter
s
o
n
l
y
ap
p
licab
le
f
o
r
lo
w
p
o
w
er
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
to
h
ig
h
p
o
w
er
ap
p
licatio
n
s
u
s
i
n
g
is
o
l
ated
a
n
d
n
o
n
is
o
lated
co
n
v
er
ter
s
.
I
n
F
ig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
d
iag
r
a
m
f
o
r
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
u
s
ed
to
b
o
o
s
t
in
p
u
t
d
c
v
o
lta
g
e.
W
h
e
n
th
e
p
o
w
er
s
w
itc
h
i
s
O
N
co
n
d
itio
n
,
t
h
e
in
d
u
cto
r
ch
ar
g
e
e
n
er
g
y
i
n
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
e
lectr
o
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
a
n
d
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
en
er
g
y
w
h
e
n
p
o
w
er
s
w
it
ch
is
o
f
f
co
n
d
itio
n
.
T
h
e
ti
m
e
co
n
s
t
a
n
t
R
C
o
f
t
h
e
c
ir
cu
it
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
ize.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
b
o
o
s
t
lev
el
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
d
u
t
y
r
atio
o
f
th
e
s
w
itc
h
an
d
ap
p
lied
in
p
u
t v
o
ltag
e,
w
h
ich
is
d
ef
in
ed
as,
(
5
)
W
h
er
e,
Vo
is
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
lta
g
e,
Vi
–
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
G
-
d
u
t
y
r
atio
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
C
ir
cu
it d
ia
g
r
a
m
o
f
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
C
ir
cu
it d
ia
g
r
a
m
o
f
b
u
ck
co
n
v
er
ter
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
S
imu
la
tio
n
o
f v
a
r
io
u
s
d
c
-
d
c
co
n
ve
r
ters
fo
r
p
h
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to
vo
lta
ic
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ystem
(
R
.
P
a
la
n
is
a
my
)
921
I
n
F
ig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
w
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th
e
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
B
u
ck
co
n
v
er
ter
,
w
h
ich
i
s
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
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g
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is
les
s
th
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th
at
o
f
ap
p
lied
in
p
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v
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g
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h
er
e
w
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e
n
th
e
s
w
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O
N
co
n
d
itio
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,
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
f
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w
s
t
h
r
o
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g
h
in
d
u
cto
r
an
d
ca
p
ac
ito
r
.
T
h
e
s
w
itc
h
b
r
in
g
s
t
o
o
f
f
co
n
d
itio
n
t
h
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
i
s
d
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
f
r
o
m
s
o
u
r
ce
,
w
h
ich
lead
s
m
in
i
m
is
e
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
t
h
an
s
o
u
r
ce
v
o
lta
g
e.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
ltag
e
eq
u
at
io
n
is
w
r
i
tten
a
s
,
(
6
)
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
C
ir
cu
it d
ia
g
r
a
m
o
f
b
u
ck
-
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
Si
m
i
lar
l
y
b
u
c
k
-
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
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ter
u
s
ed
to
d
o
th
e
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th
in
cr
e
ase
t
h
e
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o
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e
le
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el
a
n
d
d
e
cr
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s
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th
e
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o
ltag
e
le
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el
o
f
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p
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n
p
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t
v
o
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h
e
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u
tp
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t
v
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lta
g
e
eq
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ca
n
b
e
d
ef
i
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as,
C
ir
cu
it
d
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r
a
m
o
f
b
u
ck
-
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
,
w
h
ic
h
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
7
.
(
7
)
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
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ir
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it d
ia
g
r
a
m
o
f
c
u
k
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o
n
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ter
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
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ir
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it d
ia
g
r
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ic
co
n
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ter
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
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ir
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it d
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A
c
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k
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ate
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d
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in
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s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
8
.
C
o
m
p
ar
e
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to
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ck
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b
o
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t
an
d
b
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ck
-
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o
s
t
co
n
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ter
,
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e
cu
k
co
n
v
er
ter
u
s
e
s
an
ex
tr
a
in
d
u
cto
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a
n
d
ca
p
ac
ito
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to
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e
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e
e
n
er
g
y
.
W
h
e
n
t
h
e
p
o
w
e
r
s
w
itc
h
is
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co
n
d
itio
n
,
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
d
u
cto
r
s
tar
ts
to
in
cr
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s
e
li
n
e
ar
l
y
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An
d
w
h
e
n
th
e
p
o
w
er
s
w
i
tch
is
o
f
f
co
n
d
itio
n
,
t
h
e
d
io
d
e
ca
r
r
ies
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t;
th
e
en
er
g
y
i
s
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ed
f
r
o
m
in
d
u
cto
r
to
ca
p
ac
ito
r
C
2
,
r
esu
lt
i
n
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
th
e
i
n
d
u
cto
r
cu
r
r
en
t
v
alu
e
.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
is
,
(
8
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il 2
0
1
9
:
9
1
7
-
9
2
5
922
T
h
e
s
in
g
le
e
n
d
ed
p
r
i
m
ar
y
in
d
u
cto
r
co
n
v
er
ter
i
s
ca
lled
a
s
SEP
I
C
co
n
v
er
ter
,
w
h
ic
h
g
e
n
er
ates
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
d
c
v
o
ltag
e
i
s
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
,
less
t
h
an
o
r
eq
u
al
to
ap
p
lied
in
p
u
t
d
c
v
o
ltag
e.
I
ts
m
o
d
i
f
ie
d
f
r
o
m
b
u
c
k
-
boos
t
co
n
v
er
ter
,
w
h
ic
h
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
9
&
ca
n
b
e
o
p
er
ated
i
n
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
a
n
d
d
is
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
m
o
d
e
o
p
er
atio
n
,
w
h
e
n
p
o
w
er
s
w
itc
h
is
ON
co
n
d
itio
n
,
t
h
e
i
n
d
u
cto
r
L
1
s
tar
ts
to
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
an
d
w
h
e
n
b
r
in
g
s
to
o
f
f
co
n
d
itio
n
t
h
e
in
d
u
cto
r
L
2
s
tar
ts
to
d
is
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
ca
p
ac
ito
r
C
1
,
d
io
d
e
D
an
d
ca
p
ac
ito
r
C
2
.
Fro
m
t
h
at
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
ca
n
ab
le
in
cr
ea
s
e,
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
o
r
eq
u
al
to
ap
p
lied
v
o
ltag
e
b
ased
o
n
th
e
d
u
t
y
r
atio
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
p
o
w
er
s
w
i
tch
.
Si
m
i
lar
l
y
ze
ta
co
n
v
er
ter
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
p
o
s
itiv
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
ap
p
lied
d
c
s
o
u
r
ce
,
w
h
i
ch
m
a
y
b
e
g
r
ea
ter
o
r
less
t
h
an
t
h
e
ap
p
lied
in
p
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e.
I
t c
o
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
2
in
d
u
cto
r
s
a
n
d
2
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
an
d
a
cla
m
p
in
g
d
io
d
e,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
1
0
.
W
h
en
s
w
itc
h
s
is
ON
co
n
d
itio
n
,
i
n
d
u
cto
r
L
1
i
s
c
h
ar
g
i
n
g
a
n
d
w
h
e
n
o
f
f
co
n
d
it
io
n
its
s
tar
ts
t
o
d
is
c
h
ar
g
in
g
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
C
1
ca
p
ac
ito
r
,
L
2
in
d
u
cto
r
an
d
C
2
ca
p
ac
ito
r
,
s
i
m
ilar
to
s
e
p
ic
co
n
v
er
ter
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
b
e
o
p
er
ated
in
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
an
d
d
is
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
m
o
d
e
o
p
er
atio
n
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
eq
u
atio
n
is
s
a
m
e
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
,
w
h
ic
h
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
E
q
u
atio
n
(
6
)
.
4.
SI
M
UL
A
T
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
S
AND
DIS
CUSS
I
O
N
T
h
e
r
ec
ital
o
f
t
h
e
v
ar
io
u
s
d
c
-
d
c
co
n
v
er
ter
w
it
h
P
V
s
y
s
t
e
m
a
u
t
h
en
tica
ted
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
MA
T
L
A
B
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
en
t
P
V
ar
r
a
y
o
p
er
atin
g
s
it
u
atio
n
s
.
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
&
F
ig
u
r
e
1
2
s
h
o
w
s
s
i
m
u
li
n
k
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
P
V
ar
r
ay
an
d
P
&
O
MP
PT
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
is
tes
ted
w
it
h
v
ar
i
o
u
s
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
s
f
r
o
m
4
0
0
W
/m
2
to
8
0
0
W
/m
2
a
n
d
v
ar
io
u
s
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
es (
0
-
3
8
)
C
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
P
V
ar
r
ay
m
o
d
el
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
S
imu
la
tio
n
o
f v
a
r
io
u
s
d
c
-
d
c
co
n
ve
r
ters
fo
r
p
h
o
to
vo
lta
ic
s
ystem
(
R
.
P
a
la
n
is
a
my
)
923
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
.
P
&
O
–
MPPT
alg
o
r
ith
m
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
s
h
o
w
s
d
u
t
y
r
atio
g
en
er
atio
n
f
r
o
m
MP
PT
al
g
o
r
ith
m
,
w
h
ic
h
v
ar
io
u
s
f
r
o
m
0
to
1
.
T
h
e
v
ar
io
u
s
d
c
-
d
c
co
n
v
er
ter
s
ar
e
test
ed
w
i
th
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
in
p
u
t
d
c
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
2
0
V.
T
h
e
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
g
en
er
ate
s
o
u
tp
u
t
4
8
V
d
c,
w
h
ich
is
2
.
4
ti
m
e
s
o
f
ap
p
lied
in
p
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e,
w
h
ich
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
4
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.
RE
F
E
R
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NC
E
S
[1
]
Ya
n
g
,
W
.
L
i,
Y.
Zh
a
o
,
a
n
d
X
.
He
,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
a
n
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l
y
sis
o
f
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g
rid
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
P
V
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
st
e
m
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
.,
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l.
2
5
,
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4
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p
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9
9
2
–
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0
0
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p
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2
0
1
0
.
[2
]
J.
S
e
lv
a
ra
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a
n
d
N.
A
.
Ra
h
im
,
“
M
u
lt
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e
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ted
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V
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ig
it
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o
n
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E
T
ra
n
s.
In
d
.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
5
6
,
n
o
.
1
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p
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1
4
9
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5
8
,
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n
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2
0
0
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.
[3
]
L
.
S
.
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g
,
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.
J.
L
ian
g
,
H.
C.
Lee
,
a
n
d
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F
.
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e
n
,
“
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h
ste
p
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u
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it
s
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E
T
ra
n
s.
In
d
.
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.
,
v
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l.
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8
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6
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2
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.
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]
Q.
Zh
a
o
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n
d
F
.
C.
L
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,
“
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g
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ig
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DC
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E
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ra
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we
r
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tro
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.,
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1
8
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p
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6
5
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3
,
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2
0
0
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.
[5
]
R.
P
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lan
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y
,
K.
V
ij
a
y
a
k
u
m
a
r
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n
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Dr
ive
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ms
(
IJ
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PDS
)
,
v
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l
8
,
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u
e
2
,
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n
e
2
0
1
7
.
[6
]
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.
Yu
,
H.
Qia
n
,
a
n
d
J.
S
.
L
a
i,
“
De
sig
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f
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c
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c
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h
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re
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ff
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y
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e
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e
n
t
”
,
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E
T
ra
n
s P
o
we
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lec
tro
n
.
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v
o
l.
2
5
,
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o
.
3
,
p
p
.
6
5
0
–
6
5
8
,
M
a
r.
2
0
1
0
.
[7
]
Y.
R.
J.
W
a
i
a
n
d
R.
Y.
Du
a
n
,
“
Hig
h
ste
p
-
up
c
o
n
v
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it
h
c
o
u
p
l
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in
d
u
c
to
r
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
.
Po
we
r
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tro
n
.,
v
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l.
20
,
n
o
.
5
,
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p
.
1
0
2
5
–
1
0
3
5
,
S
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p
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2
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0
5
.
[8
]
R.
P
a
lan
isa
m
y
,
K.
V
ij
a
y
a
k
u
m
a
r,
Ko
m
a
ri
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h
il
,
M
a
d
h
u
m
a
th
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Iy
e
r,
Ra
m
a
c
h
a
n
d
a
r
Ra
o
,
”
A
P
ro
p
o
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d
S
VM
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o
r
3
-
lev
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T
ra
n
s
f
o
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m
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r
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s
Du
a
l
In
v
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S
c
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
G
rid
Co
n
n
e
c
ted
P
V
S
y
ste
m
”
In
d
ia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
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ien
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e
a
n
d
T
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c
h
n
o
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o
g
y
,
2
0
1
6
No
v
,
9
(4
2
).
[9
]
P
o
h
Ch
ian
g
L
o
h
,
F
e
n
g
G
a
o
,
F
re
d
e
Blaa
b
jerg
,
a
n
d
S
o
k
w
e
il
i
m
.
“
O
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
a
l
A
n
a
ly
sis
a
n
d
M
o
d
u
lat
io
n
Co
n
tro
l
o
f
T
h
re
e
L
e
v
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l
Z
-
S
o
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rc
e
I
n
v
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rters
W
it
h
En
h
a
n
c
e
d
O
u
tp
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t
W
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
Qu
a
li
t
y
”
.
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
o
n
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
Ju
ly
2
0
1
0
.
Vo
l.
2
4
,
N
o
.
7
.
[1
0
]
S
.
C.
T
a
n
,
Y.M
.
L
a
i,
C.
K.
T
se
,
“
I
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
P
u
lse
-
W
id
th
-
M
o
d
u
latio
n
b
a
se
d
S
li
d
in
g
M
o
d
e
Co
n
tr
o
ll
e
r
f
o
r
Bo
o
st co
n
v
e
rters
,
”
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E
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l.
3
,
No
.
4
,
De
c
.
2
0
0
6
,
p
p
.
1
3
0
-
1
3
5
.
[1
1
]
S
.
S
.
M
u
ley
,
R.
M
.
Na
g
a
r
a
l
e
,
“
S
li
d
in
g
M
o
d
e
Co
n
tr
o
l
Of
Bo
o
st
c
o
n
v
e
rter,”
IJ
ET
AE
IS
S
N:2
2
5
0
-
2
2
5
9
,
v
o
l.
3
,
Iss
u
e
9
,
S
e
p
t.
2
0
1
3
.
[1
2
]
R.
P
a
lan
isa
m
y
,
A
.
U M
u
ta
w
a
k
k
il
,
K.
V
ij
a
y
a
k
u
m
a
r
“
H
y
st
e
re
sis S
V
M
f
o
r
c
o
u
p
le
d
in
d
u
c
t
o
r
z
so
u
rc
e
d
io
d
e
c
lam
p
e
d
3
-
lev
e
l
in
v
e
rter
b
a
se
d
g
rid
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
P
V
sy
ste
m
”
,
In
te
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
(IJEP
EDS
)
,
v
o
l
7
,
Iss
u
e
4
,
De
c
2
0
1
6
.
[1
3
]
Q.
Zh
a
o
a
n
d
F
.
C.
L
e
e
,
“
Hi
g
h
-
e
fficie
n
c
y
,
h
ig
h
ste
p
-
u
p
DC
–
DC
c
o
n
v
e
rters
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
.,
v
o
l.
1
8
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
6
5
–
7
3
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
0
3
.
[1
4
]
W
.
Yu
,
H.
Qia
n
,
a
n
d
J.
S
.
L
a
i,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
h
ig
h
-
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
b
i
d
irec
ti
o
n
a
l
d
c
–
d
c
c
o
n
v
e
rter
a
n
d
h
ig
h
-
p
re
c
isio
n
e
ff
ici
e
n
c
y
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
2
5
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
6
5
0
–
6
5
8
,
M
a
r.
2
0
1
0
.
[1
5
]
Y.
R.
J.
W
a
i
a
n
d
R.
Y.
Du
a
n
,
“
Hig
h
ste
p
-
u
p
c
o
n
v
e
rter
w
it
h
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