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Un
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[
1
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2
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.
UM
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[
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So
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[
5
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6
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8
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9
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[
10
]
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p
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ich
u
s
es
t
h
e
s
et
th
eo
r
y
f
o
r
d
eter
m
i
n
in
g
t
h
e
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
s
eq
u
e
n
tial
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
i
n
d
icate
s
t
h
at
th
e
m
o
s
t
w
ell
-
k
n
o
w
n
is
s
u
e
f
o
r
UM
L
is
lack
o
f
o
b
v
io
u
s
s
e
m
a
n
tic
s
,
v
ar
io
u
s
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
d
ia
g
r
a
m
a
n
d
i
n
co
n
s
i
s
te
n
c
y
a
m
o
n
g
d
iag
r
a
m
s
.
T
h
i
s
lead
s
to
a
m
b
i
g
u
it
y
,
er
r
o
r
s
,
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
q
u
ali
t
y
.
i
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
p
o
p
u
lar
UM
L
d
ia
g
r
am
s
u
s
ed
i
n
in
d
u
s
tr
y
ar
e
u
s
e
c
ase,
class
,
s
eq
u
en
c
e
to
in
teg
r
ate
w
i
th
f
o
r
m
al
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
B
u
t,
T
h
e
f
o
r
m
al
s
p
ec
if
ic
atio
n
s
h
av
e
n
o
t
b
ee
n
m
ad
e
f
r
o
m
ac
ti
v
it
y
d
iag
r
a
m
.
Hen
ce
,
t
h
e
co
m
b
in
a
tio
n
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
al
m
e
th
o
d
a
n
d
f
o
r
m
al
m
eth
o
d
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
h
a
n
d
le
a
m
b
ig
u
it
y
,
s
p
ec
if
y
i
n
g
co
n
s
is
ten
c
y
a
n
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
co
m
p
lete
n
e
s
s
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
th
is
p
ap
er
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
an
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
at
ai
m
s
to
in
te
g
r
ate
o
f
UM
L
u
s
e
ca
s
e
an
d
ac
tiv
it
y
d
ia
g
r
a
m
s
w
i
th
f
o
r
m
al
s
p
ec
i
f
icatio
n
m
e
th
o
d
,
to
b
r
i
d
g
e
a
g
ap
b
et
w
ee
n
in
f
o
r
m
al
a
n
d
f
o
r
m
al
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
f
o
cu
s
o
f
t
h
is
p
ap
er
is
o
n
co
n
s
is
te
n
c
y
a
n
d
co
m
p
le
m
en
t
a
m
o
n
g
UM
L
us
e
ca
s
e
d
iag
r
a
m
,
UM
L
ac
ti
v
it
y
d
ia
g
r
a
m
an
d
Z
s
ch
e
m
as
.
B
esid
es,
th
er
e
w
a
s
a
r
esear
ch
g
ap
o
f
p
r
o
p
e
r
in
te
g
r
atio
n
o
f
ac
ti
v
it
y
d
iag
r
a
m
s
w
ith
f
o
r
m
al
s
p
ec
if
ica
tio
n
s
.
A
l
s
o
,
Z
n
o
tatio
n
u
s
ed
f
o
r
f
o
r
m
al
an
a
l
y
s
is
o
f
L
MS
(
L
MS)
w
h
ich
i
s
f
u
r
t
h
er
v
er
i
f
ie
d
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
Z
/EV
E
S to
o
l.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
th
i
s
p
ap
er
o
r
g
an
iz
ed
as
f
o
llo
w
s
.
Sect
io
n
2
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
t
h
e
r
elate
d
w
o
r
k
.
Secti
o
n
3
f
u
ll
y
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
in
te
g
r
ate
o
f
UM
L
u
s
e
ca
s
e
a
n
d
ac
ti
v
it
y
d
iag
r
a
m
s
w
it
h
f
o
r
m
a
l
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
m
e
th
o
d
.
Sectio
n
4
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
r
es
u
lt
s
o
f
t
h
e
c
ase
s
t
u
d
y
to
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
n
e
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
Sectio
n
5
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
s
tr
en
g
t
h
an
d
w
ea
k
n
ess
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
an
d
f
in
all
y
Sectio
n
6
r
e
m
ar
k
s
th
e
co
n
clu
s
i
o
n
s
.
2.
RE
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
S
T
h
e
f
o
r
m
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
s
s
p
ec
i
f
icatio
n
u
s
i
n
g
Z
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
t
h
at
h
ad
b
ee
n
ad
d
r
ess
ed
b
y
m
an
y
r
esear
c
h
er
s
[
4
,
6
–
8
,
1
1
,
1
2
]
,
th
ey
w
er
e
o
f
f
er
ed
it
in
d
if
f
er
en
t
a
s
p
ec
ts
.
T
h
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
h
as
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
w
it
h
g
r
ea
ter
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
t
h
an
i
n
f
o
r
m
al
m
et
h
o
d
.
Min
h
as,
et
al.
[
4
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
UM
L
s
p
ec
if
ica
tio
n
w
it
h
f
o
r
m
al
s
p
ec
if
icat
io
n
.
T
h
e
y
h
av
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
UM
L
s
e
q
u
en
ce
d
ia
g
r
a
m
a
n
d
Z
la
n
g
u
ag
e
f
o
r
d
ev
elo
p
ed
.
T
h
e
Fli
g
h
t
R
e
s
er
v
atio
n
S
y
s
te
m
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
t
h
e
y
co
n
clu
d
e
d
to
u
s
e
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
o
n
e
U
ML
d
iag
r
a
m
,
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
th
e
r
es
u
lts
ca
n
b
e
m
o
r
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
.
T
o
c
o
v
er
am
b
ig
u
it
y
,
id
en
tify
i
n
g
co
n
s
i
s
ten
c
y
a
n
d
en
h
a
n
cin
g
co
m
p
lete
n
es
s
,
th
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
al
an
d
f
o
r
m
al
m
et
h
o
d
co
m
b
in
at
io
n
is
p
r
o
p
er
to
d
ev
elo
p
th
e
R
o
ad
T
r
af
f
ic
Ma
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
S
y
s
te
m
b
y
Sin
g
h
,
et
al.
[
6
]
.
I
n
th
eir
s
tu
d
y
UM
L
u
s
e
ca
s
e,
class
a
n
d
s
eq
u
en
ce
d
iag
r
a
m
s
w
i
th
Z
lan
g
u
a
g
e
u
s
ed
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
Z
/E
VE
s
to
o
l
u
s
ed
to
v
er
if
y
Z
s
c
h
e
m
a
s
.
I
n
th
e
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
v
id
ed
f
r
o
m
B
ak
r
i
et
al.
[
7
]
,
r
elate
d
to
o
u
r
r
esear
ch
s
tu
d
y
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
y
o
f
f
er
a
f
o
r
m
al
s
p
ec
i
f
icatio
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
in
v
e
n
to
r
y
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
i
n
g
Z
lan
g
u
ag
e.
T
h
eir
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
b
ased
o
n
tr
an
s
la
tin
g
t
h
e
UM
L
s
p
ec
i
f
icatio
n
i
n
to
Z
s
c
h
e
m
a
s
.
I
t a
ls
o
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
th
e
co
n
s
i
s
ten
c
y
b
et
w
ee
n
UM
L
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
an
d
Z
s
c
h
e
m
a,
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
l
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
s
y
s
te
m
r
el
iab
ilit
y
a
n
d
r
ed
u
c
e
d
ef
ec
t
f
o
r
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
t
h
e
i
n
v
en
to
r
y
s
y
s
te
m
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
in
t
h
eir
s
t
u
d
y
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
U
ML
cla
s
s
d
iag
r
a
m
.
R
esear
ch
er
s
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
[
8
,
1
1
,
1
2
]
f
o
r
m
al
s
p
ec
if
ica
tio
n
s
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
UM
L
u
s
e
ca
s
e
d
iag
r
a
m
a
n
d
Z
s
c
h
e
m
as
t
o
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
co
r
r
ec
tn
es
s
,
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
a
n
d
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
.
A
s
it
u
s
ed
to
r
ed
u
ce
ti
m
e
an
d
co
s
t
at
an
i
n
itia
l
s
ta
g
e.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
in
[
8
]
h
av
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
Z
/EV
E
s
to
o
l
to
v
er
i
f
y
Z
s
c
h
e
m
a
s
.
W
h
i
le,
in
b
o
th
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
ie
s
[
1
1
,
1
2
]
n
o
to
o
l
u
s
ed
to
v
er
i
f
y
Z
s
c
h
e
m
as.
T
h
e
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
r
elate
d
w
o
r
k
s
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
f
o
r
m
a
l
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
as r
ev
ie
w
ed
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
ab
le
1
.
R
ev
ie
w
o
f
r
elate
d
w
o
r
k
s
A
u
t
h
o
r
n
a
me
/
y
e
a
r
A
P
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
T
h
e
r
e
su
l
t
s o
b
t
a
i
n
e
d
f
r
o
m t
h
e
c
o
mb
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
mal
a
n
d
f
o
r
mal
sp
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
U
M
L
d
i
a
g
r
a
ms
F
o
r
mal
M
e
t
h
o
d
V
e
r
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
S
.
H
.
B
a
k
r
i
,
e
t
a
l
.
2
0
1
3
[
7
]
U
se
c
a
se
,
C
l
a
ss
Z
l
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
Z
/
EV
Es
t
o
o
l
I
mp
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
sy
st
e
m q
u
a
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
r
e
d
u
c
e
c
o
st
M
.
W
.
A
z
e
e
m
,
e
t
a
l
.
2
0
1
4
[
1
1
]
U
se
c
a
se
Z
l
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
_
_
_
I
mp
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
l
y
,
f
i
x
i
n
g
b
u
g
s a
n
d
r
e
d
u
c
e
t
i
me
a
n
d
c
o
st
N
.
M
.
M
i
n
h
a
s,
e
t
a
l
.
2
0
1
5
[
4
]
S
e
q
u
e
n
c
e
Z
l
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
F
u
z
z
t
o
o
l
T
h
e
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
n
g
o
f
se
q
u
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
o
t
h
e
r
U
M
L
d
i
a
g
r
a
m i
s
mo
r
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
S
.
A
.
K
h
a
n
&
H
.
Ja
msh
e
d
,
2
0
1
6
[
1
2
]
U
se
c
a
se
Z
l
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
_
_
_
I
mp
r
o
v
e
c
o
r
r
e
c
t
n
e
ss,
r
e
l
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
,
u
se
r
f
r
i
e
n
d
l
i
n
e
ss
a
n
d
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
.
M
.
S
i
n
g
h
,
e
t
a
l
.
2
0
1
6
[
6
]
U
se
c
a
se
,
C
l
a
ss,
S
e
q
u
e
n
c
e
Z
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2
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1
7
[
8
]
U
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t
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s sy
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e
d
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t
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r
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r
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
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lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
A
n
in
teg
r
a
tio
n
o
f u
ml
u
s
e
ca
s
e
d
ia
g
r
a
m
a
n
d
a
ctivity
d
ia
g
r
a
m
w
ith
Z
la
n
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u
a
g
e…
(
Za
in
a
b
H
a
s
s
a
n
Mu
h
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ma
d
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3071
B
ased
o
n
T
a
b
le
1
,
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
in
d
icate
s
th
a
t
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
o
p
u
lar
UM
L
d
iag
r
a
m
s
u
s
ed
in
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
ar
e
u
s
e
ca
s
e,
class
,
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
.
T
h
e
f
o
r
m
al
s
p
ec
i
f
icatio
n
s
d
id
n
o
t
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
f
r
o
m
ac
ti
v
it
y
d
iag
r
a
m
a
s
w
ell.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
p
ap
er
is
u
s
ed
c
o
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
UM
L
u
s
e
ca
s
e
an
d
ac
tiv
i
t
y
d
ia
g
r
a
m
w
i
th
Z
f
o
r
m
al
s
p
ec
if
ica
tio
n
lan
g
u
a
g
e
to
d
esig
n
t
h
e
L
M
S.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
,
w
e
h
av
e
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
ea
r
lier
th
at
th
e
m
o
s
t
well
-
k
n
o
w
n
is
s
u
e
f
o
r
UM
L
is
lack
o
f
clea
r
s
e
m
an
t
ics,
d
if
f
er
en
t
i
n
ter
p
r
etatio
n
o
f
th
e
d
escr
ib
ed
m
o
d
el
an
d
i
n
c
o
n
s
is
ten
c
y
a
m
o
n
g
m
o
d
el
s
.
Hen
ce
,
t
h
e
co
n
s
i
s
te
n
c
y
b
et
w
ee
n
UM
L
d
ia
g
r
a
m
s
an
d
Z
s
c
h
e
m
a
f
o
cu
s
ed
in
t
h
is
p
ap
er
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
UM
L
i
s
a
co
m
m
o
n
m
o
d
elli
n
g
m
e
th
o
d
in
a
n
o
b
j
ec
t
-
o
r
ien
t
ed
b
ased
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
co
n
s
i
s
ten
c
y
is
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
r
u
le
b
et
w
ee
n
d
iag
r
a
m
s
,
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
i
m
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
d
ia
g
r
a
m
s
is
co
m
p
le
m
en
t
in
g
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
co
n
s
is
te
n
c
y
b
et
w
ee
n
u
s
e
-
ca
s
e
d
iag
r
a
m
an
d
ac
tiv
it
y
d
iag
r
a
m
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
b
y
[
1
3
,
1
4
]
.
On
t
h
e
o
t
h
er
h
an
d
,
Fo
r
m
al
m
e
th
o
d
s
ar
e
a
n
es
s
en
tial
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
th
e
is
s
u
e
s
r
elate
d
to
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
a
n
al
y
s
is
an
d
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
it
d
escr
ib
es
o
f
u
n
a
m
b
ig
u
it
y
r
e
q
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
s
p
ec
i
f
icatio
n
s
,
a
n
d
en
s
u
r
es
th
at
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
in
d
ee
d
s
ati
s
f
ies
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
,
r
eliab
ili
t
y
a
n
d
co
r
r
ec
ts
[
1
0
]
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
,
th
is
p
ap
er
ai
m
s
to
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
an
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
at
i
n
te
g
r
ates
UM
L
d
ia
g
r
a
m
s
(
u
s
e
ca
s
e
d
iag
r
a
m
an
d
ac
ti
v
it
y
d
iag
r
a
m
)
w
it
h
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
al
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
(
Z
la
n
g
u
a
g
e)
f
o
r
s
p
ec
i
f
y
i
n
g
r
eq
u
i
r
e
m
en
t
s
f
o
r
L
MS,
a
n
d
t
h
en
v
er
if
ied
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
Z
/EV
E
S
t
y
p
e
ch
ec
k
er
to
o
l.
T
h
is
to
o
l
u
s
ed
f
o
r
v
er
if
y
i
n
g
th
e
s
c
h
e
m
a
s
p
ec
if
ica
tio
n
,
th
a
t
w
r
o
te
b
ased
o
n
Z
n
o
tatio
n
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
[
7
]
.
T
h
is
v
er
if
ica
tio
n
i
n
cl
u
d
es
s
y
n
ta
x
an
d
s
e
m
an
t
ics
o
f
th
e
L
MS
f
o
r
m
al
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
f
o
r
d
esig
n
i
n
g
L
M
S u
s
es UM
L
a
n
d
th
e
f
o
r
m
a
l
m
et
h
o
d
as s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
s
tep
s
to
in
teg
r
ate
UM
L
s
p
ec
if
ic
atio
n
w
it
h
f
o
r
m
a
l sp
ec
if
i
ca
tio
n
4.
CASE
S
T
UD
Y
AND
AP
P
R
O
ACH
M
O
DE
L
L
I
N
G
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
w
e
p
r
esen
t
a
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
A
L
ib
r
ar
y
Ma
n
ag
e
m
en
t
S
y
s
te
m
(
L
MS)
.
A
d
ev
el
o
p
er
w
an
ts
to
d
ev
elo
p
L
MS.
W
h
e
n
a
u
s
er
w
a
n
ts
to
b
o
r
r
o
w
a
b
o
o
k
,
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ab
le
to
v
er
if
y
th
e
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
o
f
th
e
u
s
er
f
ir
s
t,
if
t
h
e
u
s
er
is
a
m
e
m
b
er
,
th
e
n
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
c
h
ec
k
s
t
h
e
av
ai
lab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
b
o
o
k
.
I
f
th
e
b
o
o
k
is
av
ailab
le,
th
e
n
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
lets
th
e
m
e
m
b
er
r
eser
v
es
t
h
e
b
o
o
k
an
d
th
e
d
atab
ase
n
ee
d
s
to
u
p
d
ate
to
in
d
icate
th
at
th
e
b
o
o
k
is
n
o
t
av
a
ilab
le
an
y
m
o
r
e.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
is
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
s
an
al
y
s
i
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
ce
n
ar
io
as
in
th
e
n
e
x
t s
u
b
s
ec
tio
n
.
4
.
1
.
Sy
s
t
em
re
q
uire
m
e
nts a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
an
al
y
s
is
s
tag
e
w
as
t
h
e
b
asis
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
d
esi
g
n
.
At
th
is
s
ta
g
e,
it
n
ee
d
s
to
o
b
tain
t
h
e
u
s
er
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
as
ac
c
u
r
ate,
a
n
d
an
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
d
e
m
an
d
,
t
h
u
s
to
s
p
ec
if
y
s
y
s
te
m
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
a
n
al
y
s
is
i
s
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
T
h
e
L
MS
en
tr
u
s
ted
b
y
b
o
o
k
b
o
r
r
o
w
i
n
g
an
d
b
o
o
k
r
etu
r
n
b
u
s
in
es
s
.
B
o
o
k
b
o
r
r
o
w
s
m
an
a
g
e
m
en
t
n
ee
d
to
v
er
if
y
th
e
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
o
f
t
h
e
u
s
er
a
n
d
ch
ec
k
th
e
av
ai
lab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
b
o
o
k
.
A
s
b
o
o
k
r
etu
r
n
m
an
a
g
e
m
en
t
n
ee
d
to
v
er
i
f
y
th
e
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
o
f
t
h
e
u
s
er
an
d
th
e
leg
a
lit
y
o
f
t
h
e
b
o
o
k
.
L
ib
r
ar
ian
tas
k
w
as
to
m
ain
t
ain
t
h
e
n
e
w
b
o
o
k
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ad
d
itio
n
.
T
h
e
s
t
ak
eh
o
ld
er
s
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
ar
e
L
ib
r
ar
ian
a
n
d
Me
m
b
er
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
h
a
s
b
asic
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
t
h
at
ar
e
Ver
if
y
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
,
C
h
ec
k
a
b
o
o
k
a
v
ailab
ilit
y
,
B
o
r
r
o
w
a
b
o
o
k
,
R
etu
r
n
a
b
o
o
k
a
n
d
A
d
d
a
b
o
o
k
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
201
9
:
3
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9
-
3
0
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6
3072
4
.
2
.
Sy
s
t
em
de
s
ig
n ba
s
e
d o
n UM
L
s
pecif
ica
t
io
ns
B
ased
o
n
th
e
ab
o
v
e
an
al
y
s
i
s
,
w
e
t
h
en
d
r
a
w
t
h
e
d
iag
r
a
m
s
o
f
UM
L
m
ain
l
y
t
h
e
u
s
e
ca
s
e
d
i
ag
r
a
m
a
n
d
ac
tiv
it
y
d
iag
r
a
m
.
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
e
r
,
th
e
R
atio
n
al
R
o
s
e
UM
L
to
o
l
u
s
ed
to
cr
ea
te
a
co
m
p
le
te
UM
L
d
iag
r
a
m
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
u
s
e
ca
s
e
d
iag
r
a
m
f
o
r
t
h
e
L
M
S.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
t
w
o
u
s
er
s
to
u
s
e
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
,
w
h
i
ch
ar
e
L
ib
r
ar
ian
a
n
d
Me
m
b
er
.
A
L
ib
r
ar
ian
ca
n
d
o
ac
tiv
i
tie
s
f
o
r
B
o
r
r
o
w
a
b
o
o
k
,
R
etu
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n
a
b
o
o
k
a
n
d
A
d
d
a
b
o
o
k
.
A
s
a
Me
m
b
er
ca
n
d
o
ac
tiv
ities
f
o
r
B
o
r
r
o
w
a
b
o
o
k
an
d
R
et
u
r
n
a
b
o
o
k
.
W
h
ile
,
th
e
f
u
n
ct
io
n
s
Ver
if
y
m
e
m
b
e
r
s
h
ip
a
n
d
C
h
ec
k
a
b
o
o
k
'
s
av
ailab
il
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e
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cl
u
d
ed
f
u
n
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n
s
o
f
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m
.
B
as
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o
n
t
h
e
u
s
e
ca
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e
d
ia
g
r
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in
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
t
h
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o
k
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
ac
tiv
it
y
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
L
MS
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
t
h
ese
t
h
r
ee
ac
tiv
itie
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
ac
ti
v
it
y
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
A
d
d
a
b
o
o
k
f
u
n
cti
o
n
in
L
MS.
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
ac
ti
v
it
y
d
i
ag
r
a
m
o
f
B
o
r
r
o
w
a
b
o
o
k
f
u
n
c
tio
n
i
n
L
M
S;
it
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
s
w
h
e
n
a
n
y
u
s
er
w
an
ts
to
b
o
r
r
o
w
a
b
o
o
k
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
en
ter
in
g
h
is
/
h
er
d
etai
ls
an
d
th
e
b
o
o
k
d
etails.
L
MS
w
il
l
v
er
i
f
y
t
h
e
u
s
er
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
.
I
f
it
is
i
n
co
r
r
ec
t,
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
ill
d
is
p
la
y
a
n
er
r
o
r
m
es
s
ag
e.
Ot
h
er
w
is
e,
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
i
ll
ch
ec
k
th
e
av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
b
o
o
k
.
I
f
it
is
n
o
t
av
ai
lab
le,
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
ill
d
is
p
la
y
an
er
r
o
r
m
es
s
ag
e.
W
h
ile,
i
f
it
i
s
av
ailab
le,
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
ill r
ec
o
r
d
th
e
b
o
o
k
as len
t b
o
o
k
,
d
elete
it f
r
o
m
s
h
el
v
es a
n
d
d
is
p
la
y
a
s
u
cc
es
s
m
e
s
s
a
g
e.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
ca
s
e
d
iag
r
a
m
f
o
r
L
MS
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
A
cti
v
it
y
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
B
o
r
r
o
w
a
b
o
o
k
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
L
M
S
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
ac
ti
v
it
y
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
R
et
u
r
n
a
b
o
o
k
f
u
n
c
t
io
n
in
L
MS
;
it
ex
p
lai
n
s
w
h
e
n
an
y
u
s
er
w
a
n
ts
to
r
etu
r
n
a
b
o
o
k
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
en
ter
in
g
h
is
/
h
er
d
etails
an
d
th
e
b
o
o
k
d
etail
s
.
L
MS
w
il
l
v
er
i
f
y
t
h
e
u
s
er
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
.
I
f
it
i
s
i
n
co
r
r
ec
t,
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
ill
d
i
s
p
la
y
a
n
e
r
r
o
r
m
es
s
ag
e.
Oth
er
w
i
s
e,
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
ill
v
er
i
f
y
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
b
o
o
k
.
I
f
it
is
n
o
t
le
n
t
,
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
ill
d
is
p
la
y
a
n
er
r
o
r
m
es
s
ag
e.
W
h
i
le,
if
it
i
s
le
n
t,
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
ill
d
elete
it f
r
o
m
b
ein
g
lo
an
,
r
ec
o
r
d
it o
n
th
e
s
h
el
v
e
s
an
d
d
is
p
la
y
a
s
u
cc
e
s
s
m
es
s
ag
e.
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
ac
tiv
i
t
y
d
i
ag
r
a
m
o
f
A
d
d
a
b
o
o
k
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
L
MS;
i
t
s
h
o
w
s
w
h
en
a
n
y
u
s
er
w
a
n
t
s
to
ad
d
a
b
o
o
k
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
en
ter
i
n
g
h
is
/
h
er
d
etails
an
d
t
h
e
b
o
o
k
t
d
etails.
L
M
S
w
ill
v
er
i
f
y
t
h
e
u
s
er
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
.
I
f
it
i
s
n
o
t
a
l
ib
r
ar
ian
,
th
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
w
il
l
d
is
p
la
y
a
n
er
r
o
r
m
es
s
ag
e.
E
ls
e,
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
ill
let
t
h
e
lib
r
ar
ian
to
e
n
ter
th
e
b
o
o
k
d
etails.
T
h
en
,
ad
d
t
h
e
b
o
o
k
d
etails
in
to
ca
talo
g
u
e
r
ec
o
r
d
it
o
n
th
e
s
h
el
v
es
an
d
d
is
p
lay
a
s
u
cc
ess
m
es
s
ag
e.
E
ac
h
f
u
n
ctio
n
w
ith
i
ts
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
ac
ti
v
it
y
d
iag
r
a
m
w
il
l
b
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
to
Z
s
c
h
e
m
a
,
w
it
h
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
f
o
r
co
n
s
is
ten
c
y
b
et
w
ee
n
UM
L
d
iag
r
a
m
s
a
n
d
th
e
Z
s
c
h
e
m
a
as
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
t
h
e
n
e
x
t sectio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J
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&
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m
p
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N:
2088
-
8708
A
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g
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(
Za
in
a
b
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a
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n
Mu
h
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3073
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
ac
tiv
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d
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r
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m
o
f
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etu
r
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a
b
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o
k
f
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n
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n
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M
S
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
ac
tiv
it
y
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
A
d
d
a
b
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o
k
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
L
M
S
4
.
3
.
Sy
s
t
e
m
i
m
ple
m
ent
a
t
io
n ba
s
ed
o
n f
o
r
m
a
l sp
ec
if
ica
t
io
ns
T
h
e
Z
is
a
f
o
r
m
al
s
p
ec
i
f
icati
o
n
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
f
o
r
s
y
s
te
m
s
p
ec
i
f
icatio
n
,
a
n
d
it
b
a
s
ed
on
s
et
t
h
eo
r
y
a
n
d
m
at
h
e
m
a
tical
lo
g
ic
.
Z
n
o
tatio
n
s
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
i
n
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
;
it
u
s
ed
in
t
h
is
p
ap
er
as
to
b
e
th
e
m
ai
n
p
ar
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
's
is
s
u
e.
Z
s
c
h
e
m
as
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
s
tatic
an
d
d
y
n
a
m
ic
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
o
f
a
s
y
s
te
m
li
k
e
s
tate
tr
an
s
itio
n
,
o
p
er
at
io
n
s
an
d
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
.
T
h
e
Z
s
ch
e
m
as
d
es
cr
ib
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
p
ec
if
ica
tio
n
s
a
n
d
its
b
eh
av
io
u
r
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
u
f
f
ic
ien
t
co
n
f
id
en
ce
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ef
o
r
e
co
d
in
g
.
I
t
w
r
itte
n
as
t
w
o
p
ar
ts
,
t
h
e
d
ec
lar
atio
n
p
ar
t
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
u
s
ed
v
ar
iab
les
f
o
r
f
u
n
ct
io
n
,
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d
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
p
ar
t
d
em
o
n
s
tr
a
t
es
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
v
al
u
es
o
f
t
h
o
s
e
v
ar
iab
les [
11
]
.
I
n
th
i
s
s
ec
tio
n
,
th
e
L
MS
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
ar
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
b
ased
o
n
Z
s
c
h
e
m
a
s
an
d
u
s
ed
Z
/EV
E
s
to
o
l
f
o
r
v
er
if
icatio
n
.
Z
/EV
E
s
is
an
in
ter
ac
ti
v
e
to
o
l
w
h
ich
wr
ites
,
v
er
if
ie
s
an
d
an
al
y
s
i
s
Z
n
o
tatio
n
s
.
T
h
is
to
o
l
p
r
o
v
id
es
t
w
o
i
n
ter
f
ac
e
s
:
a
g
r
ap
h
ical
in
ter
f
ac
e
a
n
d
a
co
m
m
an
d
li
n
e
i
n
ter
f
ac
e.
B
o
th
in
t
er
f
ac
es
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
an
al
y
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is
o
f
s
p
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if
ica
tio
n
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d
m
an
a
g
e
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h
e
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n
c
h
r
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n
izati
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
a
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al
y
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s
w
it
h
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
s
to
th
e
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
t
h
is
p
ap
er
in
d
ic
ates
to
in
te
g
r
ate
a
n
d
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
UM
L
u
s
e
-
ca
s
e
d
iag
r
a
m
an
d
ac
ti
v
it
y
d
iag
r
a
m
w
it
h
Z
lan
g
u
ag
e.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
e
n
t
l
y
,
UM
L
ac
t
iv
it
y
d
iag
r
a
m
s
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
b
ased
o
n
UM
L
u
s
e
-
ca
s
e
d
ia
g
r
a
m
i
n
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
ec
tio
n
.
I
n
th
is
s
e
ctio
n
,
Z
s
p
ec
i
f
icatio
n
in
te
r
p
r
eted
f
r
o
m
th
e
UM
L
ac
tiv
it
y
d
iag
r
a
m
.
T
h
e
ac
tiv
it
y
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
L
MS
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
th
r
ee
ac
ti
v
it
y
d
ia
g
r
a
m
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
m
ai
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
in
th
e
u
s
e
-
ca
s
e
d
iag
r
a
m
.
E
ac
h
ac
ti
v
it
y
d
ia
g
r
a
m
h
as
t
w
o
ca
s
es
:
v
a
lid
ac
ti
v
it
y
ca
s
e
a
n
d
i
n
v
a
lid
ac
tiv
it
y
ca
s
e.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
Z
s
c
h
e
m
as
co
n
s
tr
u
c
ted
f
o
r
t
w
o
ca
s
e
s
o
f
ea
ch
ac
ti
v
it
y
d
iag
r
a
m
as
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
:
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
w
s
Z
Sc
h
e
m
a
d
ec
lar
es
th
e
p
o
w
er
s
ets
B
OOK
an
d
P
E
R
SON.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
w
e
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
m
es
s
ag
e
b
y
u
s
in
g
v
ar
iab
le
L
MSM
E
S
S
A
GE
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
o
n
l
y
t
w
o
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
r
esp
o
n
s
e
,
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
SUC
C
E
SS
o
r
F
A
I
L
.
L
MS
i
n
it
ialized
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d
all
d
ef
au
lt
v
alu
e
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
e
t
t
o
in
itial
v
al
u
e.
B
o
o
k
s
id
en
tif
ied
as
o
n
_
lo
an
an
d
o
n
_
s
h
el
v
es.
L
ib
r
ar
ian
an
d
m
e
m
b
er
ar
e
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
er
s
,
t
h
e
y
d
ec
lar
ed
a
s
P
E
R
SON
s
et.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
,
L
en
t_
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t
h
e
r
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n
s
h
ip
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t
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n
e
x
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t
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et
w
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n
a
B
o
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k
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d
a
P
er
s
o
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r
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ted
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y
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Z
Sc
h
e
m
a
f
o
r
I
n
itiali
za
tio
n
s
tate
o
f
L
M
S
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
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p
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n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
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4
,
A
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g
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s
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201
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3
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Fig
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ig
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5.
RE
SU
L
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S AN
D
D
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n
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t
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t
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m
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e
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if
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l
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n
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p
r
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tain
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n
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h
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s
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m
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le
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llo
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en
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l
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UM
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p
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i
f
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a
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e:
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5
.
1
.
Reduced
t
he
a
m
big
uity
T
h
is
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
b
i
g
g
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t
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ased
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s
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te
m
r
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m
e
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s
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m
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er
r
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r
s
.
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.
3
.
I
m
pro
v
ed
t
he
q
ua
lity
Fo
r
m
al
m
eth
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d
s
u
s
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m
at
h
e
m
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tical
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d
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o
r
m
aliza
tio
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r
m
al
m
eth
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d
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h
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s
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m
t
h
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n
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ase
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f
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d
d
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s
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r
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Dev
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m
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(
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5
.
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.
Co
nfident
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t
w
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ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
f
o
r
m
al
m
e
th
o
d
s
.
B
y
i
m
p
le
m
en
t
in
g
Z
s
c
h
e
m
a
f
o
r
ea
ch
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
t
h
at
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e.
T
h
u
s
,
it
m
a
k
es
it
ea
s
ier
to
m
a
n
ag
e
an
d
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
th
e
co
d
e
an
d
m
ak
e
it
s
ec
u
r
e
ag
ain
s
t
u
n
a
u
t
h
o
r
ized
ac
ce
s
s
.
W
ith
th
i
s
w
e
ca
n
s
o
r
t
th
a
t
w
h
ich
u
s
er
ca
n
ac
ce
s
s
w
h
at
t
y
p
e
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
.
So
t
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
is
p
r
o
tecte
d
.
B
r
ief
l
y
,
th
e
r
es
u
lts
o
f
t
h
e
in
te
g
r
atio
n
UM
L
s
p
ec
if
ica
tio
n
w
i
th
f
o
r
m
al
s
p
ec
i
f
icatio
n
ar
e
r
e
d
u
ce
d
th
e
a
m
b
ig
u
it
y
a
n
d
E
r
r
o
r
,
an
d
I
m
p
r
o
v
ed
th
e
q
u
ali
t
y
a
n
d
co
n
f
id
en
t
ialit
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
i
n
t
h
e
ea
r
l
y
s
ta
g
es.
H
o
w
e
v
er
,
t
h
e
li
m
itatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
th
a
t
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
co
d
e
g
en
er
atio
n
.
E
v
en
i
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
d
esig
n
L
M
S
d
o
es
n
o
t
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
f
in
e
-
g
r
ain
e
d
s
tep
s
an
d
p
r
ac
tices
f
o
r
i
m
p
letatio
n
p
h
a
s
e,
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
in
t
h
is
p
ap
er
allo
w
th
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
d
e
v
elo
p
er
to
d
escr
ib
e
an
d
ca
p
t
u
r
e
th
e
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
a
n
d
d
esig
n
p
h
a
s
es
f
o
r
L
MS.
Ho
wev
er
,
s
i
n
ce
t
h
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
Z
n
o
tatio
n
s
u
s
ed
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
co
d
e
g
e
n
er
atio
n
b
y
a
n
y
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
i
n
g
lan
g
u
ag
e.
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
f
o
r
m
aliza
tio
n
o
f
L
i
b
r
ar
y
Ma
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
S
y
s
te
m
(
L
MS)
b
y
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
i
n
te
g
r
atio
n
a
n
d
c
o
n
s
is
ten
c
y
b
et
w
ee
n
U
ML
s
p
e
cif
icatio
n
a
n
d
f
o
r
m
al
m
et
h
o
d
.
T
h
e
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
s
p
ec
i
f
ied
f
r
o
m
s
y
s
t
e
m
'
s
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
s
,
a
n
d
t
h
en
t
r
an
s
lated
to
UM
L
u
s
e
ca
s
e
d
iag
r
a
m
an
d
ac
tiv
it
y
d
iag
r
a
m
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
t
h
e
Z
s
ch
e
m
as
w
er
e
ad
ap
ted
b
ased
o
n
ac
tiv
i
t
y
d
ia
g
r
a
m
s
.
T
h
e
s
y
n
ta
x
an
d
s
e
m
a
n
tics
o
f
L
MS
s
p
ec
i
f
icatio
n
s
ar
e
v
er
if
i
ed
w
it
h
t
h
e
Z
/EV
E
S
to
o
l.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
an
i
n
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
UM
L
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
w
it
h
Z
la
n
g
u
a
g
e,
as
a
r
esu
l
t
th
a
t
h
a
s
b
ee
n
b
r
id
g
ed
a
g
ap
b
et
w
ee
n
in
f
o
r
m
al
a
n
d
f
o
r
m
al
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
T
h
e
o
b
tain
ed
r
esu
l
ts
w
er
e
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
's
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
d
u
r
i
n
g
an
al
y
s
is
an
d
d
es
i
g
n
p
h
a
s
es
in
ter
m
s
r
ed
u
ce
d
th
e
a
m
b
i
g
u
i
t
y
a
n
d
er
r
o
r
,
im
p
r
o
v
ed
th
e
q
u
al
it
y
a
n
d
co
n
f
id
e
n
tialit
y
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
w
o
u
ld
li
k
e
to
th
a
n
k
th
e
U
n
i
v
er
s
it
y
o
f
K
u
f
a,
Min
i
s
tr
y
o
f
Hi
g
h
er
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
Scien
ti
f
ic
R
esear
ch
(
Mo
HE
S
R
)
,
Dir
ec
to
r
ate
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
i
n
Naj
af
an
d
th
e
I
r
aq
i M
in
is
tr
y
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
f
o
r
th
eir
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
w
it
h
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
an
d
as
s
is
ta
n
ce
in
t
h
i
s
r
esear
ch
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
N.
Ib
ra
h
im
,
R.
Ib
ra
h
im
,
M
.
Z.
S
a
rin
g
a
t
,
D.
M
a
n
so
r
&
T
.
He
r
a
w
a
n
,
"
Co
n
siste
n
c
y
ru
les
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
UM
L
u
se
c
a
se
a
n
d
a
c
ti
v
it
y
d
iag
ra
m
s
u
sin
g
l
o
g
ica
l
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
,"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
o
ft
wa
re
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
it
s
Ap
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
V
o
l
.
5
,
No
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
1
9
-
1
3
4
,
2
0
1
1
.
[
2
]
B.
M
o
n
d
a
l
,
B.
Da
s
&
P
.
Ba
n
e
rje
e
,
"
F
o
rm
a
l
S
p
e
c
if
ic
a
ti
o
n
o
f
UML
Us
e
Ca
se
Dia
g
ra
m
-
A
C
A
S
L
Ba
se
d
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
,
"
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
C
o
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
,
V
o
l
.
5
,
No
.
9
,
p
p
.
2
1
1
3
-
2
7
1
7
,
2
0
1
4
.
[
3
]
B.
F
a
lah
,
M
.
A
k
o
u
r,
I.
A
ra
b
&
Y.
M
’h
a
n
n
a
,
"
A
n
A
tt
e
m
p
t
T
o
w
a
rd
s
a
F
o
rm
a
li
z
in
g
U
M
L
Clas
s
Dia
g
ra
m
S
e
m
a
n
ti
c
s
,
"
In
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
Ne
w
T
re
n
d
s
in
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
NT
IT
-
2
0
1
7
),
T
h
e
Un
ive
rs
it
y
o
f
J
o
rd
a
n
,
Amma
n
,
J
o
rd
a
n
,
p
p
.
2
1
-
27
,
25
-
27
,
A
p
ril
2
0
1
7
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
201
9
:
3
0
6
9
-
3
0
7
6
3076
[
4
]
N.
M
.
M
in
h
a
s,
A
.
M
.
Qa
z
i,
S
.
S
h
a
h
z
a
d
i
&
S
.
G
h
a
f
o
o
r,
"
A
n
In
te
g
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
UML
S
e
q
u
e
n
c
e
Dia
g
ra
m
w
i
th
F
o
rm
a
l
S
p
e
c
if
ica
ti
o
n
M
e
th
o
d
s
-
A
F
o
rm
a
l
S
o
lu
ti
o
n
Ba
se
d
o
n
Z
,
"
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
o
ft
w
a
re
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
8
,
p
p
.
3
7
2
-
3
8
3
,
2
0
1
5
.
[
5
]
M
.
S
i
n
g
h
,
A
.
K.
S
h
a
rm
a
&
R.
S
a
x
e
n
a
,
"
W
h
y
F
o
rm
a
l
M
e
th
o
d
s
A
re
Co
n
sid
e
re
d
f
o
r
S
a
f
e
t
y
Crit
ica
l
S
y
st
e
m
s?
,"
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
o
ft
w
a
re
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
V
o
l.
8
,
No
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
5
3
1
-
538
,
2
0
1
5
.
[
6
]
M
.
S
i
n
g
h
,
A
.
K.
S
h
a
rm
a
&
R.
S
a
x
e
n
a
,
"
F
o
rm
a
l
T
ra
n
s
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
o
f
UML
Dia
g
ra
m
:
Us
e
Ca
se
,
Clas
s,
S
e
q
u
e
n
c
e
Dia
g
ra
m
w
it
h
Z
No
tatio
n
f
o
r
R
e
p
re
se
n
ti
n
g
th
e
S
tati
c
a
n
d
Dy
n
a
m
ic
P
e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
e
s
o
f
S
y
ste
m
,
"
In
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
ICT
fo
r S
u
sta
i
n
a
b
le De
v
e
lo
p
me
n
t
,
S
p
r
in
g
e
r S
in
g
a
p
o
re
,
p
p
.
2
5
-
3
8
,
2
0
1
6
.
[
7
]
S
.
H.
Ba
k
ri,
H.
Ha
ru
n
,
A
.
A
l
z
o
u
b
i,
R.
Ib
ra
h
im
,
Z.
Ja
m
a
lu
d
in
,
N.
Ch
e
P
a
&
M
.
S
.
A
.
Ba
k
a
r,
"
T
h
e
f
o
r
m
a
l
sp
e
c
if
ic
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
th
e
in
v
e
n
to
ry
s
y
ste
m
u
sin
g
Z
lan
g
u
a
g
e
,"
In
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
4
th
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Co
mp
u
t
in
g
a
n
d
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
c
s(
ICOCI)
,
p
p
.
2
8
-
30
,
2
0
1
3
.
[
8
]
P
.
S
a
ra
th
a
,
G
.
V
.
U
m
a
&
B.
S
a
n
th
o
sh
,
"
F
o
rm
a
l
S
p
e
c
if
i
c
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
On
li
n
e
F
o
o
d
Ord
e
rin
g
S
y
ste
m
Us
in
g
Z
L
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
,
"
In
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Rec
e
n
t
T
re
n
d
s
a
n
d
C
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
i
n
Co
mp
u
t
a
ti
o
n
a
l
M
o
d
e
ls (
ICRT
CCM
),
S
e
c
o
n
d
In
te
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l,
IE
EE
,
p
p
.
3
4
3
-
3
4
8
,
2
0
1
7
.
[
9
]
P
.
S
ric
h
e
tt
a
,
"
Co
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
F
ra
m
e
w
o
rk
o
f
T
ra
n
s
f
o
rm
in
g
In
f
o
r
m
a
l
Re
q
u
irem
e
n
ts
S
p
e
c
if
ica
ti
o
n
to
Z
S
p
e
c
if
ica
ti
o
n
,"
In
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
C
o
mp
u
ter
a
n
d
S
o
ft
w
a
re
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
IPC
S
IT
,
S
i
n
g
a
p
o
r
e
,
p
p
.
1
9
-
2
4
,
2
0
1
1
.
[
10
]
M
.
Ba
tra,
"
F
o
r
m
a
l
m
e
th
o
d
s:
Be
n
e
f
it
s,
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
a
n
d
f
u
tu
re
d
irec
ti
o
n
,
"
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Gl
o
b
a
l
Res
e
a
rc
h
in
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
,
Vo
l.
4
,
N
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
2
1
-
25
,
2
0
1
3
.
[
11
]
M
.
W
.
A
z
e
e
m
,
M
.
A
h
sa
n
,
N.
M
.
M
in
h
a
s
&
K.
No
re
e
n
,
"
S
p
e
c
i
f
ica
t
io
n
o
f
e
-
He
a
lt
h
s
y
ste
m
u
sin
g
Z:
A
m
o
ti
v
a
ti
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n
to
f
o
r
m
a
l
m
e
th
o
d
s
,
"
In
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
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l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
fo
r
Co
n
v
e
rg
e
n
c
e
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
ICCT
),
IEE
E
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
1
4
.
[
12
]
S
.
A
.
Kh
a
n
&
H.
Ja
m
sh
e
d
,
"
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n
a
ly
sis
o
f
f
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m
a
l
m
e
th
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d
s
f
o
r
sp
e
c
if
ica
ti
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n
o
f
e
-
Co
m
m
e
rc
e
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
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n
s
,
"
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e
h
ra
n
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ive
rs
it
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Res
e
a
rc
h
J
o
u
rn
a
l
Of
E
n
g
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e
e
rin
g
&
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e
c
h
n
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g
y
,
V
o
l.
3
5
,
No
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
9
-
28
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
3
]
D
.
K
.
Kim
,
"
D
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
M
o
b
il
e
Cl
o
u
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
u
si
n
g
UML
,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
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n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
),
V
o
l
.
8
,
No
.
1
,
p
p
.
5
9
6
-
6
0
4
,
F
e
b
r
u
a
r
y
2
0
1
8
.
[1
4
]
A
.
L
a
sb
a
h
a
n
i,
M
.
Ch
h
ib
a
&
A
.
T
a
b
y
a
o
u
i
,
"
A
UM
L
P
ro
f
il
e
f
o
r
S
e
c
u
rit
y
a
n
d
Co
d
e
G
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
,
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In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
t
e
r E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
),
V
o
l
.
8
,
No
.
6
,
p
p
.
5
2
7
8
-
5
2
9
1
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
8
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Za
in
a
b
H
a
ss
a
n
M
u
h
a
m
a
d
r
e
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
Ba
c
h
e
lo
r’s
d
e
g
re
e
in
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
in
e
c
e
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Ba
b
y
lo
n
,
Ira
q
,
in
2
0
0
7
,
a
n
d
th
e
M
a
ste
r’s
d
e
g
re
e
in
S
o
f
twa
re
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
u
n
Hu
ss
e
in
On
n
M
a
la
y
sia
(U
T
HM),
Ba
tu
P
a
h
a
t,
M
a
la
y
sia
.
S
h
e
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
L
e
c
tu
re
r
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
a
t
Dire
c
to
ra
te
o
f
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
Ira
q
i
M
in
istry
o
f
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
Na
jaf
,
Ira
q
.
He
r
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts in
c
lu
d
e
so
f
t
w
a
re
e
n
g
in
e
rin
g
,
so
f
t
w
a
r
e
te
stin
g
a
n
d
f
o
rm
a
l
m
e
th
o
d
.
Dh
a
f
e
r
A
b
d
u
la
m
e
e
r
Abd
u
l
m
o
n
i
m
re
c
e
i
v
e
d
th
e
Ba
c
h
e
lo
r’s
d
e
g
re
e
in
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
in
e
c
e
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Ba
b
y
lo
n
,
Ba
b
il
,
Ir
a
q
,
in
2
0
0
7
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
M
a
ste
r’s
d
e
g
re
e
in
S
o
f
twa
re
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
r
siti
T
u
n
Hu
ss
e
in
O
n
n
M
a
lay
sia
(U
T
HM),
Ba
tu
P
a
h
a
t,
M
a
lay
sia
,
in
2
0
1
5
.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
Lec
tu
re
r
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
a
t
Dire
c
to
ra
te
o
f
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
Op
e
n
E
d
u
c
a
ti
n
a
l
Co
ll
e
g
e
,
Na
ja
f
,
Ira
q
.
His
re
se
a
r
c
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
so
f
tw
a
re
e
n
g
in
e
rin
g
,
so
f
tw
a
r
e
tes
ti
n
g
a
n
d
f
o
r
m
a
l
m
e
th
o
d
.
B
a
sh
a
r
Ala
t
h
a
r
i
re
c
e
iv
e
d
a
M
.
S
c
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
so
f
tw
a
re
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
UT
HM
in
2
0
1
5
f
ro
m
M
a
la
y
sia
.
He
is
w
o
rk
in
g
lec
tu
re
a
n
d
Re
se
a
rc
h
e
r
in
u
n
iv
e
rsity
o
f
k
u
f
a
,
I
T
RDC.
Am
o
n
g
h
is r
e
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts a
re
r
e
se
a
rc
h
in
so
f
twa
re
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
n
e
tw
o
rk
in
g
.
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