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m
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In
ter
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e
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o
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ra
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t
h
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a
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e
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m
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rs
a
s
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c
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g
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h
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m
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i
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m
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e
d
e
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in
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m
s,
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h
e
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th
e
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lev
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e
a
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re
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io
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tec
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e
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im
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e
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ted
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IM
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e
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rrier
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to
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terf
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c
e
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e
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m
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sid
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m
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o
d
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g
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re
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n
a
l
y
z
e
d
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n
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v
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lu
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ted
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e
r
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su
lt
s
h
a
d
d
e
m
o
n
stra
ted
a
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
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a
n
sm
is
sio
n
m
o
d
e
l
w
it
h
a
n
d
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h
o
u
t
RNS
.
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w
o
r
d
s
:
B
it
-
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o
r
-
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ate
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to
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ter
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DM
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©
2
0
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9
In
stit
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te o
f
A
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i
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l
rig
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ts re
se
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d
.
C
o
r
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s
p
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nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
M.
A
b
d
E
lg
h
an
y
,
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
i
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Dep
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m
en
t,
Facu
lit
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Al
-
Azh
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ail:
m
o
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a
m
ed
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h
et
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@
y
a
h
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o
.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
I
n
MI
MO
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
t
h
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
i
g
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i
s
tr
a
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s
m
itted
t
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r
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g
h
t
h
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co
m
m
u
n
icatio
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k
t
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o
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g
h
th
e
u
s
a
g
e
o
f
v
ar
io
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s
Sp
ac
e
–
T
im
e
B
lo
ck
C
o
d
in
g
(
ST
B
C
)
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
e
ith
er
h
i
g
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tr
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s
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is
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io
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d
ata
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ates
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en
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ce
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te
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p
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f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
o
r
th
e
s
a
m
e
d
ata
r
ate
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
T
h
e
OFDM
as
a
m
u
lti
-
ca
r
r
ier
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
c
h
e
m
e
h
a
d
s
h
o
wn
it
s
ab
ilit
y
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
h
i
g
h
t
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
ate
s
,
b
ec
au
s
e
it
h
as
s
ev
er
al
u
n
iq
u
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
lik
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
n
es
s
to
m
u
ltip
ath
f
ad
in
g
o
v
er
co
m
i
n
g
I
n
ter
-
S
y
m
b
o
l
-
I
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
(
I
SI)
,
h
ig
h
s
p
ec
tr
al
ef
f
icien
c
y
,
i
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
to
i
m
p
u
ls
e
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
,
o
v
er
co
m
i
n
g
ti
m
e
d
is
p
e
r
s
io
n
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
,
f
le
x
ib
ilit
y
an
d
ea
s
y
eq
u
aliza
tio
n
o
v
er
w
ir
ele
s
s
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ch
a
n
n
els [
3
]
,
[
4
]
.
Fo
r
MI
MO
-
OFD
M
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
5
]
,
th
e
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
alit
y
s
ee
n
in
OFDM
tech
n
i
q
u
e
is
lo
s
t
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
s
u
b
-
ca
r
r
ier
s
d
u
e
to
th
e
s
e
n
s
iti
v
it
y
o
f
O
FDM
to
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
f
s
et
g
e
n
er
ated
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
Do
p
p
ler
s
h
i
f
t
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
an
d
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
.
T
h
is
r
e
s
u
l
ts
i
n
I
C
I
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
s
y
m
b
o
ls
t
h
at
ca
u
s
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
[
6
]
.
Dif
f
er
en
t
I
C
I
ca
n
ce
llatio
n
te
ch
n
iq
u
es
ar
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
l
y
a
v
aila
b
le
lik
e
t
i
m
e
-
d
o
m
ai
n
w
id
o
w
i
n
g
,
p
u
ls
e
s
h
ap
i
n
g
an
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
eq
u
a
li
za
tio
n
,
w
h
ic
h
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
I
C
I
l
ev
els
an
d
th
u
s
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
MI
MO
-
OF
DM
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
S
till
th
ese
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
ar
e
co
s
tl
y
an
d
h
i
g
h
co
m
p
lex
eit
h
er
o
n
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
o
r
r
ec
eiv
er
s
id
e.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
an
ef
f
icie
n
t
I
C
I
ca
n
ce
llat
i
o
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
u
ti
lizatio
n
o
f
R
esid
u
e
co
d
in
g
s
c
h
e
m
e;
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
is
a
n
al
y
ze
d
an
d
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
cu
r
r
en
t
m
i
tig
a
tio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
es.
I
n
Sectio
n
2
,
t
h
e
p
ap
er
p
r
o
v
id
es
s
o
m
e
b
asic
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
o
n
R
N
S.
Sectio
n
3
a
n
d
4
p
r
o
v
id
e
an
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
t
h
e
I
C
I
an
d
a
r
e
v
ie
w
f
o
r
c
u
r
r
en
t
I
C
I
ca
n
ce
l
lat
io
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
l
y
.
Sectio
n
5
d
e
s
cr
ib
es
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
MI
MO
-
R
NS
-
OFD
M
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
.
I
n
Sec
tio
n
6
,
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lts
ar
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
a
n
d
f
i
n
all
y
in
Sectio
n
7
,
th
e
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
v
id
ed
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il 2
0
1
9
:
1
2
0
9
-
1219
1210
2.
RE
S
I
DU
E
SYS
T
E
M
B
ACK
G
RO
UND
2
.
1
.
Resid
ue
nu
m
ber
s
y
s
t
e
m r
ev
iew
T
h
e
R
NS
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
lar
g
e
i
n
te
g
er
s
b
y
s
et
o
f
s
m
aller
o
n
e
s
,
an
d
h
av
e
t
w
o
f
ea
t
u
r
es.
First,
th
e
ca
r
r
y
-
f
r
ee
ar
ith
m
etic
t
h
at
e
n
ab
les
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
p
ar
allel
m
at
h
e
m
atica
l
o
p
er
atio
n
s
r
elate
d
to
th
e
i
n
d
i
v
id
u
al
r
esid
u
e
s
y
m
b
o
l
s
.
Seco
n
d
,
th
er
ei
is
n
o
w
ei
g
h
t
-
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
ca
r
r
ier
s
,
wh
ich
p
r
ev
e
n
t e
r
r
o
r
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
[
7
]
.
R
NS
i
s
d
ef
in
ed
b
y
s
elec
ti
n
g
v
p
o
s
itiv
e
p
air
-
w
is
e
r
elat
iv
e
p
r
i
m
es
m
i
(
i=
1
,
2
,
3
…
v
)
,
s
u
c
h
t
h
at
a
n
y
in
te
g
er
N,
d
escr
ib
in
g
a
m
e
s
s
a
g
e,
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
t
h
e
s
eq
u
en
ce
(
r
1
,
r
2
..r
v
)
in
t
h
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r
an
g
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0
<N
<M
I
i
n
a
u
n
iq
u
e
m
atter
,
w
h
er
e;
r
i
=
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(
m
o
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m
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; T
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d
ig
it o
f
N
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p
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n
d
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s
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b
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m
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(
1
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W
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e;
r
i
is
least p
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m
ain
d
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w
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N
is
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l
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n
a
m
ic
r
a
n
g
e.
(
2
)
T
h
u
s
,
u
s
e
th
e
Mi
x
ed
R
ad
i
x
C
o
n
v
er
s
io
n
(
M
R
C
)
m
et
h
o
d
[
8
]
,
to
r
ec
o
v
er
s
y
m
b
o
ls
.
W
h
er
e
f
o
r
a
g
i
v
e
n
s
et
o
f
p
air
-
w
i
s
e
r
elati
v
el
y
p
r
i
m
e
m
o
d
u
li
{
m
1
,
m
2
,
….
,
m
n
}
an
d
a
r
esid
u
e
s
tate
{r
1
,
r
2
,
….
r
n
}
o
f
a
n
u
m
b
er
X,
th
at
n
u
m
b
er
ca
n
b
e
u
n
iq
u
el
y
r
ep
r
esen
ted
in
m
ix
ed
-
r
ad
ix
f
o
r
m
a
s
s
ee
n
i
n
n
e
x
t:
X
=
{z
1
, z
2
,
…,
z
n
}
(3
)
An
d
;
X
=
z
1
+ z
2
m
1
+ z
3
m
2
m
1
+
….
.
+
z
n
m
n
-
1
m
n
-
2
….
m
1
; 0
z
i
r
i
(4
)
W
h
er
e;
z
i
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
d
u
l
i a
n
d
r
esid
u
e
r
e
p
r
esen
tatio
n
s
a
s
s
ee
n
i
n
T
ab
le
1
.
T
ab
le
1
.
R
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
z
i
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
R
e
p
r
e
se
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
z
1
= r
1
z
2
=
|
|
m
1
-
1
|
m2
(r
2
-
z
1
)|
m2
z
3
=
|
|
(
m
2
m
1
)
-
1
|
m3
(r
3
–
(z
2
m
1
+ z
1
)|
m3
z
n
=
|
|
(
m
n
……
m
2
m
1
)
-
1
|
mn
(r
n
-
z
n
-
1
m
n
-
2
…
.
.
z
2
m
1
+ z
1
)|
mn
2
.
2
.
Redund
a
nt
re
s
idu
e
n
u
m
b
er
s
y
s
t
e
m
T
h
e
R
NS
m
o
d
u
l
i
u
ti
lized
f
o
r
er
r
o
r
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
o
f
a
d
d
itio
n
al
R
NS
m
o
d
u
li
as
r
ed
u
n
d
a
n
c
y
s
y
m
b
o
ls
;
th
at
is
ca
lled
R
ed
u
n
d
an
t
R
esid
u
e
Nu
m
b
er
S
y
s
te
m
(
R
R
NS)
.
I
n
th
i
s
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
,
ea
ch
r
ed
u
n
d
an
t
m
o
d
u
li
s
e
lecte
d
to
b
e
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
a
n
y
o
f
th
e
o
t
h
er
ch
o
s
e
n
m
o
d
u
li
s
et
a
n
d
d
o
n
’
t
p
la
y
a
n
y
r
o
le
in
d
eter
m
in
i
n
g
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
d
y
n
a
m
ic
r
an
g
e.
So
,
a
n
R
R
N
S
i
s
o
b
tain
e
d
b
y
ap
p
en
d
in
g
a
n
ad
d
itio
n
al
(
u
−
v
)
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
m
o
d
u
li
m
v
+
1
;m
v+
2
;
….
.
;
m
u
,
w
h
er
e
m
v+
j
m
ax
{
m
1
;m
2
;
…
…;
m
v
}
is
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
as
a
r
ed
u
n
d
an
t
m
o
d
u
l
u
s
,
to
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
R
NS,
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
f
o
r
m
a
n
R
R
N
S
o
f
u
p
o
s
itiv
e,
p
air
w
is
e
r
elativ
e
p
r
i
m
e
m
o
d
u
li.
[
9
,
1
0
]
.
Fo
r
th
e
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
er
r
o
r
,
u
s
in
g
th
e
M
R
C
m
eth
o
d
,
a
test
o
n
ea
ch
o
f
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
m
o
d
u
li
w
i
th
t
h
e
t
w
o
r
ed
u
n
d
an
t
m
o
d
u
li
i
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
te
s
t
it
is
ab
le
to
id
en
ti
f
y
a
n
d
co
r
r
ec
t th
e
b
it
w
h
ich
g
en
er
ate
d
th
e
er
r
o
r
[
1
1
]
.
3.
ANALY
SI
S O
F
I
N
T
E
R
-
CA
RRIE
R
-
I
N
T
E
RF
E
R
E
NC
E
I
n
MI
MO
-
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
t
h
e
lo
s
s
o
f
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
all
y
b
et
w
ee
n
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
,
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
I
C
I
b
et
w
ee
n
s
u
b
-
ca
r
r
ier
s
an
d
d
e
g
r
ad
es
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
h
is
is
attr
ib
u
ted
to
t
h
e
Do
p
p
ler
s
h
if
t
g
e
n
er
ated
f
r
o
m
s
en
s
iti
v
it
y
o
f
th
e
r
elat
iv
e
m
o
ti
o
n
b
et
w
ee
n
b
o
th
s
id
es
o
f
t
h
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
li
n
k
th
at
ca
u
s
e
d
a
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
f
s
et
b
et
w
ee
n
s
u
b
-
ca
r
r
ier
s
,
an
d
w
o
u
ld
r
esu
lt in
a
r
ed
u
ce
d
s
i
g
n
al
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
an
d
I
C
I
as p
r
esen
ted
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
C
I
a
n
d
P
A
P
R
en
h
a
n
ce
men
t i
n
MIMO
-
OF
DM sys
tem
u
s
in
g
R
N
S
co
d
in
g
(
M.
I
.
Yo
u
s
s
ef
)
1211
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
E
f
f
ec
t o
f
ca
r
r
ier
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
f
s
e
t
T
h
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
f
s
et
(
ε)
is
m
o
d
eled
as sh
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
w
h
er
e
th
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
i
g
n
al
r
ep
r
ese
n
ted
as;
Y(
n
)
=
x
(
n
)
e
j
2
n
ε
N
+
W
(
n
)
(
5
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Fre
q
u
ec
n
y
o
f
f
s
et
m
o
d
el
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
t o
f
t
h
i
s
o
f
f
s
et
o
n
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
tr
ea
m
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
y
m
b
o
l Y
(
k
)
;
Y(
k
)
=
X(
k
)
S(0
)
+
∑
X
(
l
)
S
(
l
−
k
)
+
n
N
−
1
l
=
0
,
l
≠
k
k
(
6
)
W
h
er
e:
X(
k
)
: T
r
an
s
m
i
tted
s
y
m
b
o
l
f
o
r
k
th
s
u
b
-
ca
r
r
ier
.
n
k
:
T
h
e
FF
T
o
f
w
(
n
)
.
N,
S(l
-
k
)
: T
o
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
u
b
-
ca
r
r
ier
s
,
an
d
I
C
I
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
f
o
r
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
al
r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
.
T
h
e
I
C
I
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
ar
e
th
e
in
ter
f
er
i
n
g
s
i
g
n
al
s
tr
an
s
m
itte
d
o
n
s
u
b
-
ca
r
r
ier
s
,
w
h
er
e
th
ei
r
co
m
p
le
x
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
s
ar
e
g
i
v
en
b
y
;
S(l
-
k
)
=
s
i
n
(
π
(
l
+
ε
−
k
)
N
s
i
n
(
π
(
l
+
ε
−
k
)
N
)
ex
p
(
j
π
(
1
−
1
N
)
(
l
+
ε
−
k
)
(
7
)
4.
I
CI
M
I
T
I
G
A
T
I
O
N
T
E
CH
N
I
Q
U
E
S
T
h
e
ac
cu
r
ate
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
an
d
ti
m
e
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
izatio
n
ar
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
f
o
r
OFDM
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
h
e
s
en
s
iti
v
it
y
to
w
ar
d
s
g
e
n
er
ated
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
f
s
et
f
ac
to
r
s
l
ea
d
s
to
lo
s
s
o
f
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
alit
y
a
m
o
n
g
ca
r
r
ier
s
an
d
y
ield
s
i
n
ca
u
s
in
g
i
n
ter
-
ca
r
r
ier
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
(
I
C
I
)
,
w
h
ich
d
e
g
r
ad
es s
y
s
te
m
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
[
1
2
]
-
[
1
4
]
h
av
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
I
C
I
m
iti
g
atio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
to
r
eso
lv
e
th
is
p
r
o
b
lem
as;
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
-
d
o
m
ain
eq
u
aliza
t
io
n
,
ti
me
–
w
i
n
d
o
w
i
n
g
,
s
elf
-
ca
n
ce
llatio
n
,
an
d
P
u
ls
e
s
h
ap
i
n
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
.
T
h
ese
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
ar
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
as
w
el
l
f
o
r
t
h
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
t
h
e
P
ea
k
-
A
v
er
ag
e
-
P
o
w
er
R
atio
(
P
A
P
R
)
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
s
id
e
lo
b
es
in
ea
ch
ca
r
r
ier
,
an
d
m
a
k
i
n
g
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
s
to
th
e
o
v
er
all
s
i
g
n
al
to
n
o
is
e
r
atio
(
SNR
)
at
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
er
.
A
d
etailed
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
ex
i
s
t
in
g
I
C
I
m
iti
g
atio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
es,
p
r
o
v
id
ed
n
ex
t
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il 2
0
1
9
:
1
2
0
9
-
1219
1212
4
.
1
.
Self
-
c
a
ncella
t
io
n t
ec
hn
iqu
e
T
h
e
in
p
u
t
s
y
m
b
o
ls
ar
e
m
o
d
u
l
ated
to
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
w
it
h
p
r
e
-
d
ef
i
n
ed
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
s
s
u
ch
t
h
at
th
e
I
C
I
s
i
g
n
als
w
o
u
ld
ca
n
ce
l
e
ac
h
o
t
h
er
i
n
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
.
So
,
o
n
e
d
ata
s
y
m
b
o
l
is
m
o
d
u
lated
i
n
to
t
w
o
co
n
s
ec
u
ti
v
e
s
u
b
-
ca
r
r
ier
s
,
s
u
c
h
th
at
th
e
d
ata
s
y
m
b
o
l
‘
a’
is
m
o
d
u
lated
in
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
u
b
-
ca
r
r
ier
,
an
d
‘
-
a’
is
m
o
d
u
lated
i
n
to
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
t
l
y
,
th
e
g
en
er
ated
I
C
I
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
t
w
o
s
u
b
-
ca
r
r
ier
s
w
ill b
e
ca
n
ce
lled
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
is
s
c
h
e
m
e
,
it
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
an
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
in
C
ar
r
ier
-
I
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
-
R
atio
(
C
I
R
)
o
f
ab
o
u
t
2
0
d
B
f
o
r
0
<ε
<
0
.
5
,
d
u
e
to
th
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
th
e
I
C
I
lev
els
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
[
1
5
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
is
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
d
o
esn
’
t
n
ee
d
an
est
i
m
a
tio
n
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
an
d
is
s
i
m
p
le
i
n
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
,
b
u
t o
n
t
h
e
o
t
h
er
h
a
n
d
,
d
u
e
to
th
e
r
ed
u
n
d
an
c
y
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
,
it is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
a
l
ar
g
er
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
.
4
.
2
.
F
re
qu
ency
do
m
a
in equ
a
liza
t
io
n
A
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
p
ilo
t
s
y
m
b
o
l
is
i
n
s
er
ted
b
et
w
ee
n
t
w
o
s
u
b
-
b
lo
ck
s
a
s
s
ee
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
w
h
er
e
i
t
is
ab
le
to
d
eter
m
in
e
t
h
e
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
s
o
f
t
h
e
eq
u
alize
r
s
t
h
at
ar
e
u
s
ed
in
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
d
o
m
ai
n
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
s
i
m
ilar
to
th
e
Ma
x
i
m
u
m
L
ik
e
lih
o
o
d
(
ML
)
esti
m
atio
n
a
n
d
th
e
E
x
t
en
d
ed
Ka
l
m
an
F
ilter
(
E
KF)
,
w
h
ic
h
esti
m
ate
th
e
o
f
f
s
et
an
d
co
r
r
ec
t it
at
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
s
id
e.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
P
ilo
t
s
u
b
-
ca
r
r
ier
ar
r
a
n
g
e
m
e
n
t
4
.
3
.
Wind
o
w
ing
t
ec
hn
iqu
e
I
t
is
s
y
s
te
m
eq
u
aliza
tio
n
i
n
ti
m
e
-
d
o
m
ai
n
[
1
7
]
,
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
s
i
g
n
a
l
is
m
u
ltip
li
ed
b
y
a
n
ex
p
o
n
en
t
ial
f
u
n
ctio
n
b
ef
o
r
e
ca
lcu
lati
n
g
its
Fo
u
r
ier
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
,
as
s
ee
n
in
(
8
)
,
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
d
is
co
n
ti
n
u
i
ties
at
b
o
th
e
n
d
s
o
f
th
e
d
is
cr
ete
s
i
g
n
al.
b
k
= a
k
(
1
–
ex
p
(
j
2
πn
/N)
)
(
8
)
W
h
er
e;
b
k
is
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
d
ata
s
a
m
p
les o
n
th
e
k
t
h
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
T
h
is
m
i
tig
a
tio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
s
tar
t
a
n
d
e
n
d
s
o
f
wav
ef
o
r
m
,
as
w
ell
a
s
tr
a
n
s
ie
n
t
s
an
d
th
u
s
r
ed
u
ce
s
t
h
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
s
p
r
ea
d
in
g
.
Als
o
,
it
is
u
ti
lized
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
s
e
n
s
it
iv
it
y
to
w
ar
d
s
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
er
r
o
r
s
an
d
s
o
r
ed
u
cin
g
B
E
R
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
A
ll
t
h
e
w
i
n
d
o
w
s
in
cl
u
d
e
Han
n
in
g
,
N
y
q
u
i
s
t,
an
d
Kaiser
etc,
g
iv
e
s
o
m
e
r
ed
u
ct
io
n
in
th
e
s
en
s
iti
v
it
y
to
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
f
s
et.
4
.
4
.
P
uls
e
Sh
a
pin
g
T
ec
hn
i
q
ue
Th
e
p
ea
k
p
o
w
er
i
s
as
s
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
m
ai
n
lo
b
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
ig
n
al,
w
h
er
ea
s
t
h
e
I
C
I
p
o
w
e
r
i
s
a
s
s
o
ciate
d
w
ith
s
id
e
lo
b
es.
S
o
th
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
is
to
r
ed
u
ce
s
id
e
-
lo
b
es
a
m
p
li
tu
id
e
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
m
a
in
lo
b
e.
T
h
is
is
d
o
n
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
u
s
i
n
g
a
n
e
w
p
u
ls
e
s
h
ap
in
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
s
id
e
lo
p
s
in
ea
c
h
ca
r
r
ier
an
d
co
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
,
r
ed
u
ce
I
C
I
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
i
s
v
er
y
s
i
m
ila
r
to
th
e
w
in
d
o
w
i
n
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e,
an
d
ev
en
is
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
in
s
i
m
i
lar
w
a
y
s
,
b
u
t
th
e
ir
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
ar
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t.
T
h
e
p
u
ls
e
s
h
ap
i
n
g
m
ea
n
s
c
h
o
o
s
in
g
a
p
u
l
s
e
w
it
h
th
e
d
esire
d
s
p
ec
tr
al
an
d
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
ali
t
y
p
r
o
p
er
ties
f
o
r
I
C
I
p
o
w
er
r
ed
u
ctio
n
.
Sev
er
al
p
u
ls
e
s
h
ap
in
g
f
u
n
ct
i
o
n
s
ar
e
p
r
ese
n
t
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
as
:
R
aised
C
o
s
in
e
p
u
ls
e
(
R
C
)
,
an
d
Sq
u
ar
e
R
o
o
t Rai
s
ed
C
o
s
in
e
p
u
ls
e
(
S
R
R
Q)
,
w
h
ich
p
r
esen
ted
in
(
9
)
an
d
(
10
)
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
:
P
RC
(
f
)
=
s
in
c
(
f
t)
co
s
(
π
(
ft
)
1
−
(
2
ft
)
2
(
9
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
C
I
a
n
d
P
A
P
R
en
h
a
n
ce
men
t i
n
MIMO
-
OF
DM sys
tem
u
s
in
g
R
N
S
co
d
in
g
(
M.
I
.
Yo
u
s
s
ef
)
1213
W
h
er
e;
:
T
h
e
r
o
ll o
f
f
f
ac
to
r
,
f
,
t:
T
h
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
,
an
d
t,
r
es
p
ec
tiv
el
y
P
S
RRC
(
f
)
=
s
in
c
(
f
t)
(
4
−
(
f
)
0
.
5
c
os
(
1
+
)
(
f
t
)
)
+
(
t
4
f
s
i
n
(
1
−
)
t
1
−
(
4
f
/
t
)
0
.
5
)
(
1
0
)
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
i
s
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
t
h
e
s
i
d
e
lo
o
p
p
o
w
er
is
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
t
o
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
I
C
I
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
ad
j
ac
en
t
ca
r
r
ier
s
an
d
ac
h
ie
v
e
b
etter
b
an
d
w
id
th
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
,
w
h
ic
h
c
o
u
ld
b
e
f
u
r
t
h
er
en
h
a
n
ce
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
f
ilter
co
ef
f
icie
n
ts
,
a
s
,
in
d
icate
d
in
p
r
ev
io
u
s
liter
at
u
r
e
[
1
9
]
.
5.
SYST
E
M
M
O
DE
L
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
MI
MO
-
R
NS
-
O
FDM
s
y
s
te
m
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
i
s
i
n
itialized
w
i
th
a
b
in
ar
y
d
at
a
r
an
d
o
m
s
o
u
r
ce
,
co
n
v
er
t
ed
to
r
esid
u
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
p
ac
k
et
is
th
en
m
o
d
u
lated
,
co
d
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
ST
B
C
en
co
d
er
,
p
ass
ed
to
a
Ser
ial
-
To
-
P
ar
allel
(
S/P
)
co
n
v
er
ter
f
o
r
p
ar
allel
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
,
an
d
th
e
n
p
ass
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
an
I
FF
T
b
lo
ck
an
d
f
in
al
l
y
tr
an
s
m
itted
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
a
n
ten
n
a
.
A
t
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
s
id
e
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
b
lo
ck
s
ar
e
th
e
r
ev
er
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
m
itter
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
MI
MO
-
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
el
T
h
e
ab
o
v
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
is
e
v
alu
a
ted
b
y
m
ea
s
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
C
ar
r
ier
-
I
n
ter
f
er
en
c
e
-
R
a
tio
(
C
I
R
)
g
iv
e
n
i
n
(
1
1
)
,
an
d
th
e
B
it E
r
r
o
r
R
ate
(
B
E
R
)
o
f
th
e
s
i
g
n
a
l sh
o
w
n
i
n
(
1
2
)
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
CIR =
|
(
)
|
∑
|
(
−
)
|
−
=
,
≠
(
1
1
)
W
h
er
e;
S(l
-
k
)
C
o
m
p
le
x
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
f
o
r
I
C
I
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
in
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
i
n
g
s
ig
n
al.
An
d
; th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
er
r
o
r
f
o
r
M
-
P
SK
m
o
d
u
lated
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
is
g
i
v
en
b
y
:
P
ERR
=
∑
(
√
2
s
in
(
(
2
−
1
)
)
)
m
i
n
(
2
,
[
4
]
)
=
1
(
1
2
)
=
2
m
ax
(
2
,
2
)
(
1
3
)
W
h
er
e;
M
is
th
e
co
n
s
tellat
io
n
s
ize
is
t
h
e
SN
R
p
er
s
y
m
b
o
l
x
is
a
ch
i
-
s
q
u
ar
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
r
a
n
d
o
m
v
ar
iab
le
T
x
D
a
t
a
R
N
S
En
c
o
d
i
n
g
M
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
S
p
a
c
e
-
T
i
me
En
c
o
d
i
n
g
S
u
b
-
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
I
F
F
T
A
d
d
CP
T
x
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
A
r
r
a
y
R
x
D
a
t
a
R
N
S
D
e
c
o
d
i
n
g
De
-
M
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
S
p
a
c
e
-
T
i
me
D
e
c
o
d
i
n
g
De
-
S
u
b
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
FFT
R
e
m
o
v
e
CP
R
x
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
A
r
r
a
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il 2
0
1
9
:
1
2
0
9
-
1219
1214
6.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
S
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
MA
T
L
A
B
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
s
ar
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
,
w
h
er
e
v
ar
io
u
s
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
h
ad
b
ee
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
o
n
MI
MO
-
R
NS
-
O
FDM
s
y
s
te
m
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
it
s
r
esil
ien
ce
to
w
ar
d
s
I
C
I
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
s
i
m
u
latio
n
,
1
0
0
0
s
y
m
b
o
ls
ar
e
5
1
2
-
Q
A
M
m
o
d
u
l
ated
an
d
tr
a
n
s
m
itted
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m
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li
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a
r
e
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e
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r
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atio
n
m
o
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li
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s
a
n
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t (
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r
e
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d
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li
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et
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M
O
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F
DM
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y
s
t
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I
n
Fig
u
r
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5
th
e
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er
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o
r
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a
n
ce
o
f
co
m
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n
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s
y
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te
m
i
n
th
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ated
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s
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R
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ent
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n
Fig
u
r
e
6
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r
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te
m
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d
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icate
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.
1
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n
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r
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et
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n
d
if
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er
en
t
m
o
d
u
li
’
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
E
r
r
o
r
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r
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MO
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R
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g
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r
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Fig
u
r
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7
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e
i
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en
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ch
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R
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m
e
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in
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as
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6
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2
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.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
E
r
r
o
r
f
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r
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R
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O
FDM
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m
s
6
.
4
.
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f
f
ec
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m
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m
o
d
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et
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w
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g
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r
e
8
it
i
s
n
o
ted
th
at
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h
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a
m
p
lit
u
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alize
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g
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r
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h
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q
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Fig
u
r
e
9
.
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M
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-
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NS
s
y
s
te
m
w
i
th
/
w
it
h
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t e
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al
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6
.
6
.
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I
M
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m
e
Usi
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ata
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u
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ate
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h
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i
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e
in
s
el
f
-
ca
n
ce
llatio
n
s
c
h
e
m
e,
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
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m
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ce
is
ev
alu
a
ted
as see
n
in
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ig
u
r
e
1
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v
er
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h
f
ad
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n
g
c
h
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n
n
el.
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r
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o
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er
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ate
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h
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n
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te
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w
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r
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r
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r
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n
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h
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it
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ea
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0
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3
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o
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th
e
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y
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te
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w
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h
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er
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r
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n
.
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R
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h
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ce
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e.
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ith
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iti
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e
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)
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ith
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t
m
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g
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n
s
c
h
e
m
e
Fig
u
r
e
10.
MI
MO
-
OFDM
R
N
S s
y
s
te
m
s
el
f
-
ca
n
ce
l
latio
n
Sc
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.