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5
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C
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[
2
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p
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p
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4
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[
5
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.
P
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6
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ates
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ter
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P
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7
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co
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I
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4
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9
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1
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ea
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w
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th
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A
G
C
s
t
u
d
ies
o
f
th
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r
esp
ec
tiv
e
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y
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te
m
s
.
P
ap
er
[
1
1
]
also
d
ea
ls
w
it
h
th
e
u
s
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o
f
I
P
FC
in
t
h
e
p
o
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m
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d
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t
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d
ie
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th
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f
r
eq
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en
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y
co
n
tr
o
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o
f
t
h
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y
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m
.
Gai
n
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f
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co
n
tr
o
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ar
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ed
u
tili
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atter
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r
ch
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h
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ased
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p
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tech
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iq
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e.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
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AGC
u
n
d
er
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estru
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ed
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te
m
s
w
a
s
s
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cc
e
s
s
f
u
ll
y
e
x
p
lain
ed
in
[
1
2
]
.
Hy
b
r
id
izatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
l
o
ca
l
-
u
n
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m
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al
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h
&
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ch
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lear
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in
g
b
ased
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p
tim
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et
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o
d
is
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to
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co
n
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tr
ai
n
ts
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f
P
I
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co
n
tr
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a
n
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ter
co
n
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cted
p
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w
er
s
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m
f
o
r
A
G
C
an
al
y
s
is
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
u
s
e
o
f
n
e
w
l
y
ac
ce
p
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n
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m
izin
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p
o
w
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m
w
as
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
u
s
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o
f
2
DOF
P
I
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co
n
tr
o
ller
as
a
s
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ar
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n
tr
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d
its
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p
tim
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s
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g
T
L
B
O
tech
n
iq
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e
i
s
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
in
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
A
G
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in
a
d
er
eg
u
late
d
en
v
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t
u
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f
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tech
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iq
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to
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p
tim
ize
co
n
tr
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g
a
in
s
is
p
r
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p
o
s
ed
in
[
1
6
]
.
P
a
p
er
s
[
1
7
,
1
8
]
d
ea
l
w
i
th
th
e
ap
p
l
icatio
n
o
f
m
o
d
er
n
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p
tim
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tec
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n
iq
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k
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g
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d
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th
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o
f
i
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t
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co
n
n
ec
ted
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m
s
.
P
ap
er
[
1
9
]
d
ea
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w
it
h
t
h
e
a
u
to
m
atic
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er
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E
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ar
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t
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n
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f
a
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I
n
t
h
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ar
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[
2
0
]
h
y
b
r
id
alg
o
r
ith
m
n
a
m
ed
as
DE
-
GW
O
is
ap
p
lied
to
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j
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s
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th
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ased
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h
au
s
ti
v
e
liter
at
u
r
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s
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r
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t
to
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at
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s
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h
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k
p
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C
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h
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s
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it
t
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o
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cillatio
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s
in
t
h
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f
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eq
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n
c
y
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f
th
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in
ter
co
n
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p
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w
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s
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s
te
m
w
i
th
SME
S
as
an
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
in
g
d
ev
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alo
n
g
w
it
h
UP
FC
a
s
a
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
is
w
o
r
k
also
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
Fu
zz
y
-
P
I
D
F
co
n
tr
o
ller
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
L
FC
f
o
r
th
e
p
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p
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s
ed
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
s
r
elate
d
to
Fu
zz
y
-
P
I
D/
Fu
zz
y
-
P
I
DF
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
ar
e
o
p
tim
al
l
y
tu
n
ed
u
s
i
n
g
a
n
e
w
l
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
o
p
tim
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n
n
a
m
ed
a
s
Si
n
e
-
C
o
s
A
lg
o
r
it
h
m
.
T
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
m
o
ti
v
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
w
o
r
k
is
li
s
ted
b
elo
w
:
a.
Desig
n
i
n
g
a
m
u
lti
-
s
o
u
r
ce
d
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
UP
FC
a
n
d
SME
S.
b.
T
u
n
e
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
o
f
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
co
n
tr
o
ller
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
s
in
e
-
co
s
i
n
e
alg
o
r
it
h
m
.
c.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
u
s
i
n
g
F
u
zz
y
-
P
I
DF
&
Fu
zz
y
-
P
I
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
i
n
t
h
e
d
esig
n
ed
h
y
b
r
id
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
.
E
s
tab
lis
h
m
e
n
t
o
f
r
o
b
u
s
tn
e
s
s
o
f
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
co
n
tr
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ller
b
y
s
cr
u
tin
izin
g
t
h
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
u
n
d
er
p
ar
am
eter
v
ar
iatio
n
s
a
n
d
lo
ad
v
ar
iatio
n
s
.
2.
S
YST
E
M
SCRUT
I
NI
Z
E
D
T
r
an
s
f
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
h
y
b
r
id
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
alo
n
g
w
it
h
UP
F
C
a
n
d
SME
S
i
s
d
ep
icted
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
.
I
t
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
r
eh
ea
t
th
er
m
al,
h
y
d
r
o
as
w
ell
a
s
g
as
g
en
er
ati
n
g
u
n
its
i
n
ea
c
h
ar
ea
.
Fu
zz
y
-
P
I
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
w
it
h
d
e
r
iv
ati
v
e
f
ilter
i
s
s
u
g
g
ested
f
o
r
ea
ch
o
f
t
h
e
u
n
it
s
f
o
r
th
e
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
r
eg
u
lat
io
n
.
I
n
t
h
is
h
y
b
r
id
i
n
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
,
d
if
f
er
en
t
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
d
escr
ib
ed
in
t
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
clat
u
r
e
s
ec
tio
n
.
Her
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
g
e
n
er
ati
n
g
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ar
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u
s
e
d
alo
n
g
w
it
h
S
ME
S
in
ea
ch
ar
ea
.
T
h
e
UP
FC
an
d
SME
S
ar
e
d
escr
ib
ed
in
th
e
n
e
x
t
s
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
d
ev
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n
in
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
is
r
eg
u
la
ted
w
h
ile
m
i
n
i
m
izi
n
g
t
h
e
AC
E
(
A
r
ea
C
o
n
tr
o
l e
r
r
o
r
)
.
T
h
e
A
C
E
p
r
esen
t
ed
in
ea
ch
o
f
t
h
e
ar
ea
s
is
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
as
1
1
2
1
1
f
B
P
A
C
E
tie
an
d
2
2
1
2
2
f
B
P
A
C
E
tie
(
1
)
w
h
er
e
t
i
e
P
is
th
e
o
s
cillatio
n
o
f
in
ter
lin
e
p
o
w
er
w
ith
in
b
o
th
t
h
e
ar
ea
s
,
1
B
as
w
e
ll
as
2
B
ar
e
f
r
eq
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en
c
y
b
ias
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
s
o
f
r
esp
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ti
v
e
ar
ea
s
.
1
f
alo
n
g
w
i
th
2
f
o
s
cillatio
n
s
o
f
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
in
d
is
tin
c
tiv
e
ar
ea
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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s
o
f
a
s
u
p
er
co
n
d
u
cti
n
g
w
ir
e
n
ea
r
ze
r
o
lo
s
s
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
.
I
t
e
n
a
b
les
to
k
ee
p
a
n
d
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
a
lar
g
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
p
o
w
er
i
m
m
ed
iate
l
y
.
SME
S
h
el
p
s
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
q
u
ali
t
y
o
f
p
o
w
er
b
y
r
ep
lacin
g
v
o
ltag
e
s
a
g
s
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
o
u
ta
g
es.
I
t
p
lay
s
an
i
m
p
er
ativ
e
r
o
le
to
m
ai
n
tain
g
r
id
r
eliab
ilit
y
b
et
w
ee
n
r
en
e
w
ab
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
a
n
d
tr
an
s
m
is
s
i
o
n
an
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
e
p
ar
ts
o
f
SME
S
lik
e
ac
-
d
c
co
n
v
er
ter
,
i
n
v
er
ter
-
co
n
v
er
ter
u
n
it
,
a
n
d
a
s
tep
-
d
o
wn
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
ar
e
s
tatic
i
n
n
at
u
r
e
an
d
g
i
v
es
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
er
p
o
w
er
s
to
r
a
g
e
d
ev
ices.
I
t
also
in
clu
d
e
s
s
u
p
er
co
n
d
u
c
tin
g
co
il
an
d
p
o
w
er
co
n
d
itio
n
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
.
I
n
v
er
ter
s
o
r
r
ec
tif
i
er
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
A
C
to
D
C
i
n
p
o
w
er
co
n
d
iti
o
n
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
,
a
n
d
lo
s
s
e
s
ab
o
u
t (
2
-
3
)
% o
cc
u
r
r
ed
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
er
s
to
r
in
g
en
er
g
y
d
ev
ice
s
.
T
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
q
u
ali
t
y
,
SME
S
q
u
i
ck
l
y
d
i
s
ch
ar
g
e
A
C
p
o
w
er
to
th
e
g
r
id
d
u
r
i
n
g
an
a
b
r
u
p
t
in
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
d
e
m
an
d
o
f
t
h
e
lo
ad
.
T
h
e
s
u
p
er
co
n
d
u
cti
n
g
co
il
i
s
c
h
ar
g
ed
to
m
ai
n
tai
n
th
e
s
tab
ili
t
y
d
ir
u
n
g
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
.
T
h
e
m
ag
n
etic
en
er
g
y
g
et
s
s
to
r
ed
in
d
ef
i
n
itel
y
d
u
r
in
g
ch
ar
g
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
.
T
o
attain
th
e
s
tead
y
s
tate
v
al
u
e,
th
e
co
il
d
i
s
ch
ar
g
es
t
h
e
ex
tr
a
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
en
er
g
y
to
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
q
u
ick
d
i
s
ch
ar
g
e
an
d
ti
m
e
d
ela
y
d
u
r
in
g
c
h
ar
g
i
n
g
m
a
k
es
SME
S
m
o
r
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
a
m
o
n
g
all
o
t
h
er
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
a
g
e
d
ev
ice
s
.
E
x
ce
p
t
th
at
h
i
g
h
r
eliab
il
it
y
o
f
s
u
p
p
ly
an
d
le
s
s
lo
s
s
o
f
p
o
w
er
ar
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
ad
v
an
ta
g
es
o
f
SME
S.
T
o
m
a
in
tai
n
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
t
o
its
n
o
m
in
a
l
v
a
lu
e,
S
ME
S
a
r
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
i
n
ar
ea
-
1
a
s
w
ell
a
s
i
n
ar
ea
-
2
.
P
er
tu
r
b
atio
n
i
n
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
(
f
)
al
o
n
g
w
i
th
t
h
e
v
ar
iatio
n
in
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
v
ec
to
r
(
S
ME
S
P
)
ac
t
as
in
p
u
t
an
d
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
SME
S
co
n
tr
o
l
ler
r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
.
T
h
e
g
ain
s
o
f
SME
S
co
n
tr
o
ll
er
(
S
M
E
S
K
)
an
d
ti
m
e
co
n
s
ta
n
t (
S
M
E
S
T
)
h
as to
b
e
o
p
tim
ized
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
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lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t 2
0
1
9
:
2
8
1
3
-
2821
2816
2
.
2
.
Unifie
d
po
w
er
f
lo
w
co
ntr
o
lle
r
(
UP
F
C)
Flex
ib
le
A
C
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
(
F
AC
T
S)
b
ased
o
n
p
o
w
er
elec
tr
o
n
ics
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
h
el
p
s
i
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
th
e
q
u
ali
t
y
o
f
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
b
y
s
u
p
p
l
y
i
n
g
in
d
u
cti
v
e
/
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
to
th
e
g
r
id
.
Un
i
f
ied
p
o
w
er
f
lo
w
co
n
tr
o
l
ler
(
UP
FC
)
h
a
s
t
h
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
s
u
p
p
r
ess
i
n
g
t
h
e
o
s
cillatio
n
s
i
n
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
tr
an
s
ien
t
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
.
Stat
ic
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s
co
m
p
en
s
ato
r
(
S
T
A
T
C
OM
)
p
lu
s
s
tatic
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
s
er
ie
s
co
m
p
e
n
s
ato
r
(
SS
S
C
)
ar
e
co
u
p
led
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
g
en
er
al
D
C
v
o
l
tag
e
lin
k
i
n
UP
FC
.
L
i
n
e
r
ea
ct
an
ce
,
p
h
ase
an
g
le,
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
ar
e
th
e
co
n
tr
o
llab
le
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
UP
F
C
.
V
se
an
d
Φ
se
ar
e
th
e
s
er
ies
v
o
lta
g
e
m
a
g
n
it
u
d
e
an
d
th
e
p
h
ase
an
g
le
o
f
s
er
ie
s
v
o
lta
g
e
as
ex
p
o
s
ed
in
th
e
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
r
ea
l
p
o
w
er
n
ee
d
ed
b
y
t
h
e
s
er
ies
co
n
v
er
ter
is
m
ai
n
tai
n
ed
b
y
in
j
ec
tin
g
a
s
u
itab
le
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
s
h
u
n
t
v
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l
tag
e
b
y
s
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u
n
t
co
n
v
er
ter
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h
e
b
elo
w
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p
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io
n
in
d
icate
s
t
h
e
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m
p
le
x
p
o
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a
t
th
e
r
ec
eiv
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n
g
en
d
o
f
t
h
e
li
n
e.
)
(
*
x
j
V
V
V
V
jQ
P
r
se
S
r
r
e
a
c
t
i
v
e
r
e
a
l
(
2
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Ser
ies
v
o
ltag
e
se
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ca
n
b
e
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n
tr
o
l
led
f
r
o
m
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m
a
x
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se
V
an
d
se
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n
b
e
v
a
r
ied
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et
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n
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d
3
6
0
d
eg
r
ee
s
at
an
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p
o
w
er
an
g
le.
T
h
e
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
UP
FC
ca
n
b
e
d
o
n
e
b
y
)
(
1
1
)
(
S
F
ST
S
P
U
P
F
C
U
P
F
C
(
3
)
U
P
F
C
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is
th
e
ti
m
e
co
n
s
ta
n
t o
f
UP
FC
.
A
R
E
A
1
A
R
E
A
2
sh
Z
se
Z
sh
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se
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se
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sh
P
sh
V
se
V
s
V
r
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sh
T
se
T
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DC
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li
ne
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S
h
u
n
t
c
o
n
v
e
r
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e
r
S
e
r
i
e
s
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s
I
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
o
f
U
P
FC
in
a
t
w
o
ar
ea
s
y
s
te
m
3.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
T
E
CH
NI
Q
U
E
3
.
1
.
Co
ntr
o
ller
s
t
ruct
ure
(
f
u
zzy
-
P
I
D
co
ntr
o
ller
w
it
ho
ut
&
w
it
h der
iv
a
t
iv
e
f
ilte
r
)
P
r
im
ar
il
y
P
I
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
ar
e
p
lan
n
ed
to
o
p
er
ate
at
a
s
p
ec
if
ied
r
an
g
e
o
f
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
iti
o
n
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
,
a
n
d
o
p
er
ato
r
m
an
u
all
y
ca
n
ad
j
u
s
t
t
h
e
p
ar
am
e
ter
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
s
y
s
te
m
.
So
t
h
is
class
ical
P
I
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
n
o
t
p
er
f
ec
t
f
o
r
ti
m
e
-
i
n
v
ar
ia
n
t
p
lan
t
s
h
a
v
i
n
g
n
o
n
-
li
n
ea
r
it
y
&
ti
m
e
-
d
ela
y
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
.
So
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
i
s
p
r
o
b
le
m
Z
ad
eh
p
r
esen
te
d
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
co
n
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
w
it
h
w
o
r
d
s
w
h
ich
d
ea
ls
w
it
h
t
h
e
i
m
p
r
ec
i
s
io
n
an
d
u
n
ce
r
t
ai
n
tie
s
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
Fo
r
b
etter
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
eg
u
la
tio
n
in
th
is
r
esear
c
h
ar
ticle
,
w
e
i
n
j
ec
ted
a
d
er
iv
ativ
e
f
ilter
alo
n
g
w
it
h
t
h
e
f
u
zz
y
-
P
I
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
o
u
tli
n
e
o
f
F
u
zz
y
-
P
I
DF
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
f
iv
e
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
f
o
r
in
p
u
t
a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t
v
ar
iab
les
o
f
Ma
m
d
a
n
i
t
y
p
e
f
u
zz
y
r
u
le
-
b
a
s
ed
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
f
u
zz
y
r
u
les
o
f
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
f
u
zz
y
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
ar
e
d
ep
icted
in
T
ab
le
1
.
B
ig
n
eg
a
tiv
e
(
B
N)
,
s
m
all
n
eg
ati
v
e
(
SN)
,
Z
er
o
(
Z
)
,
S
m
all
p
o
s
it
iv
e
(
SP
)
&
B
i
g
p
o
s
iti
v
e
(
B
P
)
ar
e
f
i
v
e
li
n
g
u
i
s
tic
v
ar
iab
les
u
s
ed
f
o
r
b
o
th
i
n
p
u
t a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
f
u
zz
y
s
y
s
te
m
.
A
r
ea
co
n
tr
o
ller
er
r
o
r
ac
t
as
an
i
n
p
u
t
to
t
h
e
d
esig
n
ed
co
n
tr
o
ller
f
o
r
t
h
is
s
u
g
g
es
ted
t
w
o
ar
ea
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
1
.
A
C
E
is
d
ef
i
n
ed
as
t
h
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
lin
ea
r
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
d
ev
iat
io
n
s
t
h
at
o
cc
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
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2821
2818
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2819
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it
s
s
u
p
r
e
m
ac
y
.
F
u
r
th
er
,
a
s
en
s
iti
v
it
y
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
h
as
b
ee
n
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
v
ar
y
in
g
t
h
e
g
o
v
er
n
o
r
s
p
ee
d
r
eg
u
latio
n
(
R
)
an
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
b
ias
p
ar
am
e
ter
(
B
)
.
Fro
m
ab
o
v
e
an
al
y
s
i
s
,
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
an
d
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
o
u
tp
u
ts
,
i
t
ca
n
b
e
co
n
clu
d
ed
th
at
th
e
s
in
-
co
s
o
p
ti
m
ized
Fu
zz
y
-
P
I
DF
co
n
tr
o
ller
in
AGC
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
w
e
ll
ag
ain
s
t
r
an
d
o
m
lo
ad
in
g
p
er
tu
r
b
atio
n
an
d
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
le
x
en
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
as c
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
er
o
p
tim
i
za
ti
o
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
P.
Ku
n
d
u
r,
“
P
o
w
e
r
s
y
st
e
m
sta
b
il
it
y
a
n
d
c
o
n
tro
l
,”
in
N
.
J.
Ba
l
u
a
n
d
M
.
G
.
L
a
u
b
y
,
Ne
w
Yo
rk
,
M
c
G
r
a
w
-
h
il
l,
v
o
l.
7
,
1
9
9
4
.
[2
]
N.
Co
h
n
,
“
S
o
m
e
a
sp
e
c
ts
o
f
ti
e
-
li
n
e
b
ias
c
o
n
tro
l
o
n
in
terc
o
n
n
e
c
ted
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
s
,”
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
f
th
e
Ame
ric
a
n
In
stit
u
te
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rs
.
Pa
rt I
II:
P
o
we
r A
p
p
a
r
a
tu
s
a
n
d
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
75
(
3
),
p
p
.
1
4
1
5
-
1
4
3
6
,
1
9
5
6
.
[3
]
P.
Ku
m
a
r,
“A
G
C
str
a
te
g
ies
:
A
c
o
m
p
re
h
e
n
siv
e
re
v
ie
w
,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
p
o
we
r
&
e
n
e
rg
y
sy
ste
ms
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
16
(
2
),
p
p
.
1
0
7
-
1
1
2
,
1
9
9
6
.
[4
]
C.
S
.
Ch
a
n
g
a
n
d
W
.
Fu
,
“
A
re
a
lo
a
d
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
c
o
n
tro
l
u
sin
g
f
u
z
z
y
g
a
i
n
sc
h
e
d
u
li
n
g
o
f
P
I
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
rs
,”
El
e
c
tric
Po
we
r S
y
ste
ms
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
42
(
2
),
p
p
.
1
4
5
-
1
5
2
,
1
9
9
7
.
[5
]
P.
Ku
m
a
r
a
n
d
D
.
P
.
Ko
th
a
ri
,
“
Re
c
e
n
t
p
h
il
o
so
p
h
ies
o
f
a
u
to
m
a
ti
c
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
c
o
n
tr
o
l
stra
teg
ie
s
in
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
s
,”
IEE
E
tra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
p
o
we
r sy
ste
ms
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
20
(
1
),
p
p
.
3
4
6
-
3
5
7
,
2
0
0
5
.
[6
]
S
.
P
.
G
h
o
sh
a
l,
“
Op
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
s
o
f
P
ID
g
a
in
s
b
y
p
a
rti
c
le
s
wa
r
m
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
s
in
f
u
z
z
y
b
a
se
d
a
u
to
m
a
ti
c
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
c
o
n
tro
l
,”
El
e
c
tric P
o
we
r
S
y
ste
ms
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
72
(
3
),
p
p
.
203
-
2
1
2
,
2
0
0
4
.
[7
]
V
.
K.
Ka
m
b
o
j,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
u
to
m
a
ti
c
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
c
o
n
tr
o
l
f
o
r
in
terc
o
n
n
e
c
ted
h
y
d
ro
-
th
e
rm
a
l
s
y
ste
m
with
th
e
h
e
l
p
o
f
c
o
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
rs
,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
2
(
4
)
,
p
p
.
547
,
201
2.
[8
]
C.
S
.
Ra
o
,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
a
rti
f
icia
l
in
telli
g
e
n
t
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
r
f
o
r
a
u
to
m
a
t
ic
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
tw
o
a
re
a
h
y
d
ro
th
e
rm
a
l
s
y
ste
m
,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
2
(
2
),
p
p
.
1
8
3
,
2
0
1
2
.
[9
]
K.
S
u
b
b
a
ra
m
a
i
a
h
,
“
Co
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
S
S
S
C
a
n
d
T
CP
S
i
n
a
u
to
m
a
ti
c
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
h
y
d
ro
th
e
rm
a
l
s
y
ste
m
u
n
d
e
r
d
e
re
g
u
late
d
sc
e
n
a
rio
,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
t
e
r
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
1
(
1
),
p
p
.
21
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
0
]
I.
A
.
Ch
id
a
m
b
a
ra
m
a
n
d
B.
P
a
ra
m
a
siv
a
m
,
“
Op
ti
m
i
z
e
d
lo
a
d
-
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
si
m
u
latio
n
in
re
stru
c
tu
re
d
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
st
e
m
w
it
h
Re
d
o
x
F
lo
w
Ba
tt
e
ries
a
n
d
I
n
terli
n
e
P
o
w
e
r
F
lo
w
Co
n
t
ro
ll
e
r
,
”
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
P
o
we
r
&
En
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
50
,
p
p
.
9
-
24
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
1
]
A
.
Ra
h
m
a
n
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
M
a
id
e
n
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
h
y
b
rid
p
a
tt
e
rn
se
a
rc
h
-
b
io
g
e
o
g
ra
p
h
y
b
a
se
d
o
p
ti
m
isa
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
in
a
u
to
m
a
ti
c
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
a
m
u
lt
i
-
a
re
a
s
y
st
e
m
in
c
o
rp
o
ra
ti
n
g
in
terlin
e
p
o
w
e
r
f
lo
w
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r
,”
IET
Ge
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
,
T
ra
n
sm
issio
n
&
Distrib
u
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
10
(
7
),
p
p
.
1
6
5
4
-
1
6
6
2
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
2
]
P
.
K.
Ho
ta
a
n
d
B
.
Mo
h
a
n
ty
,
“
Au
to
m
a
ti
c
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
m
u
lt
i
-
so
u
rc
e
p
o
w
e
r
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
u
n
d
e
r
d
e
re
g
u
late
d
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t
,”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
P
o
we
r
&
En
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
75
,
p
p
.
2
0
5
-
2
1
4
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
3
]
B.
K.
S
a
h
u
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
n
o
v
e
l
h
y
b
rid
L
US
–
T
L
BO o
p
ti
m
iz
e
d
f
u
z
z
y
-
P
ID c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r
f
o
r
lo
a
d
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
m
u
lt
i
-
so
u
rc
e
p
o
w
e
r
sy
ste
m
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
Po
we
r
&
En
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
74
,
p
p
.
58
-
69
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
4
]
M.
Ra
ju
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
u
to
m
a
ti
c
g
e
n
e
r
a
ti
o
n
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
a
m
u
lt
i
-
a
re
a
s
y
ste
m
u
sin
g
a
n
t
li
o
n
o
p
ti
m
ize
r
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
b
a
se
d
P
ID
p
lu
s
se
c
o
n
d
o
r
d
e
r
d
e
riv
a
ti
v
e
c
o
n
t
ro
ll
e
r
,”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
Po
we
r
&
En
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
80
,
p
p
.
52
-
63
,
2
0
1
6
.
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2821
[1
5
]
R.
K.
S
a
h
u
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
T
e
a
c
h
in
g
lea
rn
in
g
b
a
se
d
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
a
lg
o
ri
th
m
f
o
r
a
u
to
m
a
ti
c
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
sy
ste
m
u
sin
g
2
-
DO
F
P
ID
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r
,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
Po
we
r
&
En
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
77
,
p
p
.
287
-
3
0
1
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
6
]
S
.
B.
S
h
re
e
a
n
d
N.
Ka
m
a
r
a
j
,
“
H
y
b
rid
n
e
u
ro
f
u
z
z
y
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
f
o
r
a
u
to
m
a
ti
c
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
c
o
n
tr
o
l
i
n
re
stru
c
tu
re
d
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
Po
we
r &
En
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
74
,
p
p
.
2
7
4
-
2
8
5
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
7
]
D.
G
u
h
a
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
S
tu
d
y
o
f
d
iffer
e
n
ti
a
l
se
a
rc
h
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
b
a
s
e
d
a
u
to
m
a
ti
c
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
a
n
in
terc
o
n
n
e
c
ted
th
e
rm
a
l
-
th
e
r
m
a
l
s
y
ste
m
w
it
h
g
o
v
e
rn
o
r
d
e
a
d
-
b
a
n
d
,”
A
p
p
li
e
d
S
o
ft
C
o
mp
u
t
in
g
,
v
o
l
.
52
,
p
p
.
1
6
0
-
1
7
5
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