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[
1
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Hen
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,
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ased
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ased
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I
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[
1
3
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,
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ased
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I
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[
1
4
]
,
a
C
R
d
ec
is
io
n
e
n
g
i
n
e
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
,
w
h
ic
h
d
eter
m
i
n
e
s
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
a
l
r
ad
io
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
u
s
i
n
g
G
A
f
o
r
o
p
ti
m
al
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
allo
ca
tio
n
i
n
C
R
.
T
h
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
i
n
OF
DM
b
ased
co
g
n
iti
v
e
r
ad
io
r
ela
y
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
(
C
R
R
N)
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
w
it
h
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
to
th
e
P
Us
is
m
a
n
ag
ed
b
elo
w
s
o
m
e
th
r
es
h
o
ld
lev
el
u
s
i
n
g
He
ter
o
g
e
n
eo
u
s
Ge
n
etic
Alg
o
r
it
h
m
(
HG
A
)
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
o
p
ti
m
u
m
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
ate
[
1
5
]
.
A
ll
th
e
a
f
o
r
e
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
w
o
r
k
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
f
o
r
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
in
OFDM
b
ased
C
R
R
N
t
o
th
e
b
est
o
f
o
u
r
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
is
b
a
s
ed
o
n
th
e
a
s
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
t
h
at
s
i
n
g
le
r
el
a
y
is
ab
le
to
r
ela
y
th
e
s
i
g
n
als
f
r
o
m
a
ll
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
o
f
th
e
av
a
ilab
le
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
b
a
n
d
; ig
n
o
r
in
g
t
h
e
p
r
ac
tical
p
o
s
s
i
b
ilit
y
.
F
u
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e
f
air
n
e
s
s
i
n
allo
ca
tin
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
a
m
o
n
g
C
R
s
i
n
O
FDM
b
ased
C
R
R
N
i
s
n
o
t
ad
d
r
ess
ed
w
h
ic
h
i
s
h
ig
h
l
y
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
g
u
ar
an
teei
n
g
q
u
alit
y
o
f
s
er
v
ice
(
Qo
S).
I
n
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
i
n
OF
DM
b
ased
C
R
R
N
w
i
th
m
u
ltip
le
r
ela
y
s
is
in
v
e
s
ti
g
ate
d
to
m
ax
i
m
ize
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
ate
o
f
th
e
C
R
.
T
h
ese
r
elay
s
w
ill
h
elp
C
R
u
s
er
s
to
tr
an
s
m
it
t
h
eir
s
ig
n
al
s
to
th
eir
in
te
n
d
ed
d
esti
n
a
tio
n
e
f
f
ic
ien
t
l
y
p
r
o
v
in
g
m
o
r
e
p
r
ac
tical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
Mu
ltip
le
r
ela
y
s
ca
n
ef
f
icien
tl
y
r
ela
y
s
ig
n
al
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
n
e
s
in
g
le
r
ela
y
i
n
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
as
u
s
ed
i
n
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
o
u
g
h
m
u
l
tip
le
r
ela
y
s
y
s
te
m
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
i
n
[
6
]
,
[
9
]
,
t
h
e
y
h
a
v
e
n
o
t
co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
t
h
e
co
g
n
iti
v
e
r
ad
io
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t,
w
h
ich
h
a
s
b
ee
n
d
o
n
e
in
th
is
p
ap
er
.
Firstl
y
j
o
in
t
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
is
f
o
r
m
u
lated
an
d
C
o
m
p
o
s
i
te
Gen
etic
an
d
Or
d
er
ed
Su
b
ca
r
r
ier
P
air
in
g
(
C
GO
SP
)
alg
o
r
ith
m
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
s
o
lv
e
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
.
T
h
e
n
o
v
el
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
o
f
co
m
b
in
in
g
GA
a
n
d
OSP
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
i.e
.
C
GOSP
g
iv
e
s
a
n
o
ticea
b
le
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
ate
o
f
th
e
C
R
u
s
er
s
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
g
en
e
tic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
o
p
ti
m
a
l
p
o
w
er
a
llo
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
OSP
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
p
air
in
g
.
T
h
i
s
alg
o
r
ith
m
r
ed
u
ce
s
t
h
e
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
o
f
HG
A
al
g
o
r
ith
m
,
a
n
d
i
t
also
i
m
p
r
o
v
es
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
ate
o
f
t
h
e
C
R
u
s
er
s
b
y
m
ai
n
tai
n
i
n
g
i
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
to
P
Us b
elo
w
th
e
t
h
r
es
h
o
l
d
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
g
u
ar
an
tee
Qo
S
r
e
q
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
o
f
C
R
u
s
er
s
f
air
a
llo
ca
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
t
h
ese
u
s
er
s
,
ar
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
allo
ca
ti
n
g
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
p
air
g
r
o
u
p
s
to
r
elay
s
an
d
th
en
t
h
e
s
e
r
ela
y
s
to
t
h
e
C
R
u
s
er
s
ef
f
icie
n
tl
y
.
A
n
o
v
el
R
o
u
n
d
R
o
b
in
allo
ca
ti
o
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
allo
ca
te
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
p
air
g
r
o
u
p
t
o
r
elay
s
to
en
h
a
n
ce
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
f
air
n
e
s
s
w
h
ich
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
s
i
n
g
J
FI.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
t
h
is
p
ap
e
r
is
o
r
g
a
n
ized
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
Sectio
n
2
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
el
an
d
p
r
o
b
lem
f
o
r
m
u
lat
io
n
.
T
h
e
C
GOSP
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
e
x
p
l
ain
ed
in
Sectio
n
3
.
Si
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
ar
e
p
r
esen
t
ed
in
Sectio
n
4
.
Sectio
n
5
co
n
clu
d
es t
h
e
p
ap
er
.
2.
SYST
E
M
M
O
DE
L
AND
P
R
O
B
L
E
M
F
O
R
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
As
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
,
a
t
w
o
-
h
o
p
OFDM
-
b
ased
co
g
n
iti
v
e
r
ela
y
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
.
T
h
is
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
t
w
o
tr
an
s
m
itter
-
r
ec
eiv
er
p
air
s
o
f
t
h
e
C
R
u
s
er
s
,
N
d
ed
icate
d
r
ela
y
s
an
d
M
tr
a
n
s
m
it
ter
-
r
ec
eiv
er
p
air
s
o
f
t
h
e
P
Us.
R
e
l
a
y
s
ar
e
as
s
u
m
ed
to
b
e
o
p
er
ated
w
it
h
Dec
o
d
e
an
d
f
o
r
w
ar
d
(
DF)
p
r
o
to
co
l.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
C
R
u
s
er
s
tak
e
s
p
lace
in
t
w
o
p
h
ases
.
I
n
th
e
f
ir
s
t
p
h
a
s
e,
C
R
s
o
u
r
ce
s
tr
a
n
s
m
it
th
e
m
es
s
ag
e
s
to
th
e
r
ela
y
s
an
d
th
e
n
all
th
e
r
e
la
y
s
d
ec
o
d
e
th
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
m
es
s
ag
e
s
.
I
n
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
h
a
s
e,
th
e
r
ela
y
s
a
g
ai
n
r
e
-
en
co
d
e
th
e
m
ess
a
g
e
s
a
n
d
tr
an
s
m
i
t
t
h
e
m
to
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
.
Her
e,
w
e
as
s
u
m
e
t
h
at
t
h
e
a
llo
ca
ted
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
b
a
n
d
is
d
iv
id
ed
i
n
to
t
w
o
K
n
u
m
b
er
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ie
r
s
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
K
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
ar
e
th
e
allo
ca
ted
to
s
o
u
r
c
es
an
d
t
h
e
o
th
er
K
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
ar
e
allo
ca
ted
to
th
e
r
elay
s
.
A
s
t
h
e
w
h
o
le
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
C
R
u
s
er
s
o
cc
u
r
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
r
ela
y
s
,
we
f
o
r
m
u
late
p
air
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
.
I
f
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
ta
k
es
p
lace
o
n
th
e
i
th
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
in
th
e
f
ir
s
t
p
h
a
s
e
an
d
o
n
th
e
j
th
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
in
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
h
ase
th
e
n
(
i,
j
)
is
s
aid
to
b
e
th
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
p
air
[
1
5
]
.
Ou
r
a
i
m
is
to
f
o
r
m
s
u
c
h
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
p
air
s
an
d
allo
ca
te
p
o
w
er
s
to
th
e
m
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
r
ate
o
f
th
e
C
R
u
s
er
s
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
i
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
f
r
o
m
t
h
ese
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
to
th
e
P
Us
m
u
s
t b
e
b
elo
w
th
e
p
r
ed
ef
i
n
ed
th
r
es
h
o
ld
lev
el
a
n
d
f
air
allo
ca
tio
n
of
t
h
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
a
m
o
n
g
C
R
u
s
er
s
b
y
m
ain
tai
n
in
g
J
FI
[
1
6
]
ab
o
v
e
J
m
in
.
T
h
e
s
i
g
n
al
r
ec
eiv
ed
o
n
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
r
ela
y
s
o
n
t
h
e
i
th
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as,
√
(
1
)
w
h
er
e,
i
{1
,
2
,
…,
K},
is
th
e
p
o
w
er
o
f
C
R
‟
s
n
o
r
m
al
ized
s
ig
n
al
,
is
a
co
m
p
lex
ch
a
n
n
el
c
o
ef
f
icie
n
t
f
r
o
m
C
R
to
r
ela
y
,
is
an
in
te
r
f
er
en
ce
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
P
U
to
th
e
r
ela
y
an
d
is
ad
d
itiv
e
wh
ite
Ga
u
s
s
ia
n
n
o
is
e
w
it
h
ze
r
o
m
ea
n
a
n
d
u
n
it
v
ar
ian
ce
.
Si
m
i
lar
l
y
,
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
al
r
ec
eiv
ed
at
C
R
d
esti
n
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as,
√
(
2
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t 2
0
1
8
:
2
2
3
0
–
2
2
3
8
2232
w
h
er
e,
j
{1
,
2
,
…,
K},
is
th
e
p
o
w
er
o
f
r
ela
y
‟
s
n
o
r
m
alize
d
r
e
-
en
co
d
ed
s
ig
n
al,
.
is
a
co
m
p
le
x
ch
a
n
n
e
l
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
f
r
o
m
r
ela
y
to
t
h
e
d
esti
n
a
tio
n
a
n
d
is
an
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
P
U
to
th
e
d
es
tin
atio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
C
o
g
n
itiv
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m
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ela
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(
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{
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ter
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1
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ce
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i
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L
et
I
(
i,
j
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b
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th
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in
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L
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N
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„
L
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L
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U
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(
n
,
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j
)
b
e
th
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in
d
icato
r
f
o
r
r
ela
y
s
elec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
v
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f
t
h
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i
n
d
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r
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ill
b
e
1
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i,
j
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th
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s
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∑
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(
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(
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(
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(
5
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6
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(
7
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*
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(
8
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∑
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(
9
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(
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1
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CR
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1
3
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o
m
E
q
u
atio
n
s
(
6
)
to
(
1
3
)
.
First
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
t
eq
u
a
tio
n
s
ta
tes
t
h
at
t
h
e
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w
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ter
o
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eq
u
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to
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o
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q
u
atio
n
(
7
)
en
s
u
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th
at
t
h
e
i
n
ter
f
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ce
d
u
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s
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w
t
h
e
p
r
ed
ef
i
n
ed
lev
e
l
P
thresh
.
E
q
u
atio
n
(
8
)
also
en
s
u
r
es
t
h
e
s
a
m
e,
b
u
t
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
b
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u
s
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b
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u
s
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s
.
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q
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(
9
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co
r
r
esp
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n
d
s
to
th
e
to
tal
p
o
w
er
,
w
h
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ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
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th
e
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r
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n
d
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r
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t
s
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q
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(
1
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an
d
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(
1
1
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1
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1
3
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y
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o
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e
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id
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llo
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o
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air
s
to
th
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n
d
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s
to
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t
w
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R
u
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er
s
:
T
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
ate
ac
h
ie
v
ed
b
y
C
R
_
1
:
(
)
∑
∑
∑
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
1
4
)
T
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
ate
ac
h
ie
v
ed
b
y
C
R
_
2
:
(
)
∑
∑
∑
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
1
5
)
Su
c
h
th
at
R
=
R
(
1
)
+
R
(
2
)
ter
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
p
air
in
g
an
d
allo
ca
tio
n
o
f
p
o
w
er
to
th
e
s
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
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air
s
,
to
th
e
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elay
s
an
d
th
en
t
h
ese
r
ela
y
s
t
o
th
e
C
R
u
s
er
s
s
u
c
h
th
at
f
air
n
e
s
s
is
a
ch
iev
ed
an
d
J
FI
ca
n
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e
ca
lcu
lated
as
f
o
llo
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s
a
n
d
m
u
s
t b
e
m
ai
n
tai
n
ed
ab
o
v
e
th
e
J
ain
‟
s
i
n
d
ex
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
J
m
in
.
|
∑
(
)
|
∑
(
)
(
1
6
)
2
.
2
.
I
m
ple
m
ent
a
t
io
n
d
et
a
ils
Su
b
ca
r
r
ier
p
air
in
g
,
p
o
w
er
a
ll
o
ca
tio
n
an
d
f
air
a
llo
ca
tio
n
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
SU
s
ar
e
t
h
e
th
r
ee
ess
e
n
tial
p
ar
ts
o
f
o
u
r
o
p
ti
m
iza
tio
n
p
r
o
b
le
m
.
I
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
C
GO
SP
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
t
w
o
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
ar
e
m
er
g
ed
.
O
n
e
is
th
e
GA
f
o
r
p
o
w
er
allo
ca
tio
n
p
ar
t
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
7
]
an
d
o
th
er
is
an
O
SP
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
p
air
in
g
[
1
0
]
u
n
li
k
e
w
h
er
e
G
A
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
b
o
th
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
p
air
in
g
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
al
l
o
ca
tio
n
p
ar
ts
[
1
5
]
.
Deta
ils
o
f
C
GOSP
al
g
o
r
ith
m
ar
e
g
iv
e
n
f
r
o
m
Step
1
to
Step
6
.
Step
1
: O
SP
f
o
r
s
u
b
c
ar
r
ier
p
ai
r
in
g
As
g
i
v
en
i
n
[
1
0
]
,
th
e
t
w
o
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
;
o
n
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
to
r
ela
y
a
n
d
o
t
h
er
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
ela
y
to
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
,
ar
e
p
air
ed
ac
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
to
th
e
ir
ac
tu
al
ch
a
n
n
el
s
tr
e
n
g
t
h
s
;
f
ir
s
t,
th
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
o
n
b
o
th
th
e
s
id
es
-
on
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
id
e
an
d
o
n
th
e
r
ela
y
s
id
e,
ar
e
s
o
r
ted
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
eir
ch
a
n
n
el
s
tr
e
n
g
t
h
s
.
Step
2
: I
n
itializatio
n
f
o
r
p
o
w
e
r
allo
ca
tio
n
P
o
p
u
latio
n
in
i
tializatio
n
f
o
r
p
o
w
er
allo
ca
tio
n
i.e
.
,
an
d
ca
n
b
e
d
o
n
e
f
ir
s
t
b
y
s
o
l
v
in
g
L
a
g
r
an
g
e
d
u
al
p
r
o
b
lem
a
n
d
th
e
n
ap
p
l
y
i
n
g
KKT
r
es
id
u
e
m
et
h
o
d
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
is
w
i
ll
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
iter
atio
n
s
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
co
n
v
er
g
e
t
h
e
alg
o
r
it
h
m
to
an
o
p
ti
m
al
s
o
l
u
tio
n
.
Step
3
: E
v
alu
atio
n
T
h
e
f
itn
e
s
s
v
alu
e
o
f
ea
ch
p
ar
e
n
t
ch
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
e
i
n
a
n
in
i
tializ
ed
p
o
p
u
latio
n
is
ca
lcu
la
ted
u
s
in
g
f
it
n
e
s
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
Fit
n
es
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
is
g
iv
e
n
b
y
E
q
u
atio
n
(
5
)
w
it
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
r
ela
y
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
t
ter
m
U
(
n
,
i,
j
)
.
B
y
s
u
b
s
t
itu
t
in
g
v
al
u
e
f
o
r
I
(
i,
j
)
o
b
tain
ed
in
s
tep
1
in
E
q
u
atio
n
(
5
)
,
f
itn
es
s
v
alu
e
o
f
ea
c
h
p
ar
en
t
c
h
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
e
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
.
Step
4
: Sele
ctio
n
P
ar
en
t
ch
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
e
s
g
iv
in
g
m
ax
i
m
u
m
f
it
n
es
s
v
al
u
e
ar
e
r
e
tain
ed
an
d
r
est
o
f
t
h
e
ch
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
es
ar
e
d
is
ca
r
d
ed
.
Selecte
d
ch
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
es
u
n
d
er
g
o
cr
o
s
s
o
v
er
an
d
m
u
tatio
n
to
g
en
er
ate
o
f
f
s
p
r
in
g
s
.
Step
5
: Cro
s
s
o
v
er
T
h
e
cr
o
s
s
o
v
er
o
p
er
atio
n
i
n
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
allo
ca
tio
n
p
ar
t
i
s
b
as
ed
o
n
t
h
e
ar
it
h
m
etic
cr
o
s
s
o
v
e
r
o
p
er
atio
n
.
Fo
r
ar
ith
m
etic
cr
o
s
s
o
v
er
,
f
ir
s
t
m
u
tatio
n
m
as
k
is
cr
ea
ted
u
s
in
g
r
an
d
o
m
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
o
f
ze
r
o
s
an
d
o
n
es.
T
h
i
s
r
an
d
o
m
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
i
s
g
e
n
er
ated
w
it
h
a
n
eq
u
al
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
g
e
n
er
atio
n
o
f
ze
r
o
an
d
o
n
e.
T
h
i
s
m
u
tatio
n
m
a
s
k
is
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an
d
(
)
(
1
7
)
w
h
er
e,
an
d
ar
e
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
g
e
n
e
v
al
u
es
(
p
o
w
er
allo
ca
tio
n
)
o
f
th
e
t
w
o
p
ar
en
t
ch
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
e
s
.
an
d
ar
e
th
e
c
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
g
en
e
v
a
lu
e
s
(
p
o
w
er
allo
ca
tio
n
)
o
f
th
e
t
w
o
o
f
f
s
p
r
in
g
ch
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
e
s
an
d
β
is
r
an
d
o
m
l
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
in
(
0
,
1
)
[
1
5
]
.
Step
6
: M
u
tatio
n
Fo
r
u
n
if
o
r
m
m
u
ta
tio
n
,
f
ir
s
t
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
ar
e
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
t
w
o
p
ar
ts
:
t
h
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
,
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
o
v
er
lap
p
ed
w
it
h
th
e
P
Us,
an
d
th
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
,
w
h
ich
ar
e
n
o
t
o
v
er
lap
p
ed
w
it
h
t
h
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
b
an
d
.
Mu
ta
tio
n
m
as
k
is
g
e
n
er
ated
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
m
u
tatio
n
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
p
m
(
0
<
p
m
<
1
)
.
I
f
th
e
m
u
t
atio
n
m
as
k
o
f
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
ele
m
e
n
t
is
o
n
e
th
en
a
n
y
g
e
n
e
v
al
u
e
is
s
elec
te
d
f
o
r
m
u
ta
tio
n
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
C
GO
SP
alg
o
r
ith
m
en
d
s
h
er
e
w
ith
a
n
o
p
ti
m
izat
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
p
air
in
g
an
d
p
o
w
er
allo
ca
tio
n
.
Step
7
: Res
o
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
T
h
e
g
iv
en
K
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
p
air
s
ar
e
r
elay
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
N
r
ela
y
s
.
T
o
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
f
air
n
e
s
s
i
n
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
,
t
w
o
th
in
g
s
ar
e
n
ee
d
ed
to
o
p
tim
ize
f
ir
s
t
i
s
to
f
o
r
m
N
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
f
th
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
p
air
s
an
d
th
e
n
d
ec
id
e
w
h
ic
h
g
r
o
u
p
is
r
ela
y
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
w
h
ich
p
ar
ticu
lar
r
ela
y
.
Se
co
n
d
is
allo
ca
tio
n
o
f
th
e
s
e
r
e
la
y
s
to
th
e
C
R
u
s
e.
F
ir
s
tl
y
,
th
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
p
air
s
ar
e
s
o
r
ted
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
eir
s
i
g
n
al
-
to
-
n
o
is
e
r
atio
(
SNR
)
.
I
n
a
n
o
r
d
er
ed
allo
ca
tio
n
o
f
th
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
p
air
s
,
f
ir
s
t
L
n
u
m
b
er
s
o
f
th
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
w
it
h
m
ax
i
m
u
m
SN
R
ar
e
ass
i
g
n
ed
to
r
ela
y
1
an
d
th
en
th
e
n
ex
t
L
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
w
it
h
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
SNR
to
r
elay
2
an
d
s
o
o
n
.
He
n
ce
,
if
w
e
allo
ca
te
f
ir
s
t
h
al
f
r
ela
y
s
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f
ir
s
t
C
R
u
s
er
s
a
n
d
an
o
t
h
er
h
a
lf
to
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o
n
d
th
e
n
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
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ate
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
th
e
f
ir
s
t
C
R
u
s
er
w
ill b
e
m
o
r
e,
an
d
t
h
is
w
il
l r
ed
u
ce
J
FI.
T
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
J
FI
f
ac
to
r
,
th
e
r
e
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
f
a
ir
allo
ca
tio
n
o
f
th
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
to
all
th
e
r
ela
y
s
,
an
d
f
a
ir
allo
ca
tio
n
o
f
th
e
s
e
r
ela
y
s
to
th
e
C
R
u
s
er
s
.
Fo
r
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e,
R
o
u
n
d
R
o
b
in
allo
ca
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
to
th
e
r
ela
y
s
is
ad
o
p
ted
.
Her
e
s
o
r
tin
g
o
f
th
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
p
air
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
eir
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
S
NR
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t,
th
en
allo
ca
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
p
air
w
it
h
h
ig
h
es
t
SN
R
v
a
lu
e
to
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
r
ela
y
,
t
h
en
s
ec
o
n
d
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
to
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
r
ela
y
,
a
n
d
s
o
o
n
.
F
u
r
t
h
er
,
allo
ca
te
(
N+
1
)
th
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
p
air
to
th
e
f
ir
s
t
r
ela
y
a
n
d
(
N+
2
)
th
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
p
air
to
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
r
elay
,
an
d
s
o
o
n
in
a
r
o
u
n
d
r
o
b
in
f
as
h
io
n
.
Af
te
r
th
at,
allo
ca
te
f
ir
s
t
h
al
f
r
ela
y
s
to
th
e
f
ir
s
t
C
R
u
s
er
a
n
d
th
e
r
e
m
ai
n
i
n
g
r
ela
y
s
to
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
C
R
u
s
er
.
W
ith
t
h
is
R
o
u
n
d
R
o
b
i
n
allo
ca
tio
n
m
eth
o
d
,
ea
ch
C
R
u
s
e
r
w
il
l
ac
h
iev
e
al
m
o
s
t
s
i
m
ilar
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
r
ates,
a
n
d
o
u
r
s
y
s
te
m
w
i
ll
b
e
f
air
er
.
T
h
e
s
tep
s
u
s
ed
in
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
C
GOSP
alg
o
r
it
h
m
i
s
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
in
T
ab
le
1
.
A
lg
o
r
ith
m
d
iv
id
es
i
n
t
w
o
p
h
a
s
es
o
n
e
i
s
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tat
io
n
o
f
C
GOSP
alg
o
r
it
h
m
a
n
d
s
ec
o
n
d
is
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
to
en
h
a
n
ce
f
air
n
es
s
an
d
co
m
p
u
te
J
FI.
T
ab
le
1
.
C
GOSP
A
lg
o
r
it
h
m
a
n
d
I
m
p
le
m
e
n
tat
io
n
Deta
il
s
I
n
p
u
t
,
,
,
,
,
,
O
u
t
p
u
t
I
(
I
,
j
)
,
,
,
R,
J
FI
P
h
a
se
I
P
h
a
se
I
I
I
mp
l
e
me
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
C
G
O
S
P
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
C
a
se
1
:
O
S
P
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m fo
r
s
u
b
c
a
r
r
i
e
r
p
a
i
r
i
n
g
i
)
S
o
r
t
t
h
e
su
b
c
a
r
r
i
e
r
s o
n
t
h
e
so
u
r
c
e
a
n
d
r
e
l
a
y
si
d
e
a
c
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
t
h
e
i
r
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
g
a
i
n
s
i
i
)
A
ssi
g
n
i
n
d
e
x
f
r
o
m 1
t
o
K
t
o
t
h
e
se
so
r
t
e
d
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
s.
i
i
i
)
F
o
r
m su
b
c
a
r
r
i
e
r
p
a
i
r
s
b
y
p
a
i
r
i
n
g
su
b
c
a
r
r
i
e
r
s w
i
t
h
s
a
me
i
n
d
e
x
i
.
e
.
I
(
i
,
j
)
C
a
se
2
:
G
A
f
o
r
p
o
w
e
r
a
l
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
I
n
i
t
i
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
:
C
r
e
a
t
e
p
a
r
e
n
t
c
h
r
o
mo
so
me
s u
si
n
g
t
h
e
me
t
h
o
d
s
i
n
[
1
7
]
.
W
h
i
l
e
(
a
l
l
c
o
n
st
r
a
i
n
t
e
q
u
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
r
e
n
o
t
sa
t
i
sf
i
e
d
)
{
i)
C
o
mp
u
t
e
t
h
e
f
i
t
n
e
ss v
a
l
u
e
s o
f
a
l
l
t
h
e
p
a
r
e
n
t
c
h
r
o
mo
so
me
s u
si
n
g
E
q
u
a
t
i
o
n
(
V
)
ii)
S
e
l
e
c
t
t
h
e
p
a
r
e
n
t
c
h
r
o
mo
so
me
s w
i
t
h
h
i
g
h
e
st
f
i
t
n
e
ss v
a
l
u
e
.
iii)
A
p
p
l
y
a
r
i
t
h
me
t
i
c
-
b
a
se
d
c
r
o
sso
v
e
r
o
n
t
h
e
se
l
e
c
t
e
d
c
h
r
o
mo
so
me
s [
1
5
]
.
i
v
)
A
p
p
l
y
u
n
i
f
o
r
m m
u
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
n
t
h
e
c
r
o
sso
v
e
r
e
d
c
h
r
o
mo
so
me
[
1
5
]
.
v)
S
a
v
e
t
h
i
s
n
e
w
c
h
r
o
mo
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N
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3
4
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10
20
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N
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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p
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N:
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[
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5
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O(K
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H
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[
1
5
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ith
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f
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A
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ith
m
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to
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r
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o
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s
o
f
th
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s
y
s
te
m
i
s
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lated
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s
in
g
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ain
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s
Fair
n
ess
I
n
d
ex
(
J
FI)
.
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m
u
latio
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esu
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s
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alid
ate
t
h
e
s
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g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
i
m
p
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m
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tr
an
s
m
is
s
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ate
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f
t
h
e
C
R
,
l
o
w
co
m
p
u
tatio
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co
m
p
lex
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d
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n
h
a
n
ce
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f
air
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s
s
as
co
m
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ar
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to
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s
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tate
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ar
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w
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k
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n
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h
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f
iel
d
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
S
.
F
o
rc
e
,
“
S
p
e
c
tru
m
p
o
li
c
y
tas
k
fo
rc
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re
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o
rt,
”
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d
e
ra
l
C
o
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
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n
s C
o
mm
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n
ET
D
o
c
k
e
t
0
2
,
v
o
l.
1
3
5
,
2
0
0
2
.
[2
]
J.
M
it
o
la
a
n
d
G
.
Q.
M
a
q
u
ire
,
“
Co
g
n
it
iv
e
ra
d
io
:
M
a
k
in
g
s
o
f
twa
r
e
ra
d
io
s
m
o
re
p
e
rso
n
a
l,
”
IEE
E
Per
s.
Co
mm
u
n
.
,
v
o
l
.
6
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
3
-
1
8
,
1
9
9
9
.
[3
]
A.
S.
Kh
o
b
ra
g
a
d
e
a
n
d
R.
D.
Ra
u
t
,
“
Hy
b
rid
S
p
e
c
tru
m
S
e
n
sin
g
M
e
t
h
o
d
f
o
r
Co
g
n
it
iv
e
Ra
d
i
o
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
ol
.
7
,
n
o
.
5
,
2
0
1
7
.
[4
]
C.
S
.
P
re
e
th
a
m
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
P
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
Co
o
p
e
ra
ti
v
e
H
y
b
rid
Co
g
n
it
i
v
e
Ra
d
io
Ne
tw
o
rk
w
it
h
V
a
ri
o
u
s
Div
e
rsit
y
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
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e
rin
g
,
v
ol
.
6
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
2
1
2
5
-
2
1
3
3
,
2
0
1
6
.
[5
]
H.
V
.
K
u
m
a
r,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
No
v
e
l
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
to
Op
ti
m
ize
Co
g
n
it
iv
e
Ra
d
io
Ne
tw
o
rk
Util
iza
ti
o
n
u
sin
g
Ca
sc
a
d
in
g
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
,
”
T
EL
KOM
NIKA
(
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
C
o
mp
u
ti
n
g
,
El
e
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tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
n
tro
l)
,
v
ol
.
13
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
2
3
3
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2
4
1
,
2
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5
.
[6
]
M
.
S
h
a
a
t,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Re
so
u
rc
e
a
ll
o
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a
ti
o
n
in
OFD
M
-
b
a
se
d
c
o
g
n
it
iv
e
two
-
w
a
y
m
u
lt
ip
le
-
re
la
y
n
e
t
w
o
rk
s
,
”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s o
f
th
e
2
0
1
4
IEE
E
Glo
b
a
l
Co
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
s Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
A
u
stin
,
T
X
,
p
p
.
9
1
7
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2
2
,
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0
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4
.
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2238
[7
]
M.
W
u
,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
P
o
w
e
r
a
ll
o
c
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
c
o
g
n
it
iv
e
re
la
y
n
e
t
w
o
rk
s
,
”
P
ro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
2
n
d
IEE
E
In
ter
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ti
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l
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fer
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fra
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n
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,
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ij
in
g
,
p
p
.
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-
45,
2
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1
0
.
[8
]
C.
N.
Hs
u
,
et
al
.
,
“
Jo
in
t
s
u
b
c
a
rrie
r
p
a
iri
n
g
a
n
d
p
o
w
e
r
a
ll
o
c
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
OFDM
tran
sm
issio
n
w
i
th
d
e
c
o
d
e
-
a
n
d
-
f
o
rw
a
rd
re
la
y
in
g
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
S
i
g
n
a
l
Pr
o
c
e
ss
in
g
,
v
o
l
.
5
9
,
p
p
.
3
9
9
-
4
1
4
,
2
0
1
1
.
[9
]
K.
X
i
o
n
g
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Jo
i
n
t
su
b
c
a
rrier
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p
a
iri
n
g
a
n
d
re
so
u
rc
e
a
ll
o
c
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
tw
o
-
w
a
y
m
u
lt
i
-
re
la
y
OF
DM
n
e
tw
o
r
k
s,”
P
ro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
2
0
1
2
Gl
o
b
a
l
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s Co
n
fer
e
n
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e
,
A
n
a
h
e
im
,
C
A
,
p
p
.
4
8
7
4
-
7
9
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
0
]
Y.
L
i,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
S
u
b
c
a
rrier
p
a
iri
n
g
f
o
r
a
m
p
li
fy
-
a
n
d
-
f
o
r
w
a
rd
a
n
d
d
e
c
o
d
e
-
a
n
d
-
f
o
rw
a
rd
OFDM
re
la
y
li
n
k
s
,”
IEE
E
Co
mm
u
n
.
L
e
t.
,
v
o
l.
13,
p
p
.
2
0
9
-
2
1
1
,
2
0
0
9
.
[1
1
]
H.
S
.
L
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
Jo
in
t
su
b
c
a
rrier
p
a
iri
n
g
s
a
n
d
p
o
w
e
r
a
ll
o
c
a
ti
o
n
s
w
it
h
in
terf
e
r
e
n
c
e
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
in
c
o
g
n
it
iv
e
re
la
y
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
b
a
se
d
o
n
g
e
n
e
ti
c
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
s,”
P
ro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
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th
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2
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o
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.
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5
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H.
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.
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a
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.
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6
]
C.
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u
o
,
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l
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m
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term
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term
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7
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Ho
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H.
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,”
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fi
c
a
me
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v
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2
6
7
,
pp.
66
-
72
,
1
9
9
2
.
[1
8
]
X
.
L
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t
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l
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,
“
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p
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v
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OFDM
A
F
m
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s,
”
IEE
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Co
mm
u
n
.
L
e
tt
.
,
v
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.
17
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
8
7
2
-
8
7
5
,
2
0
1
3
.
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