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g
en
er
ated
f
r
o
m
a
n
SP
L
h
as
a
k
e
y
r
o
le
in
t
h
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
SP
L
.
An
FM
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
:
i)
f
ea
tu
r
es
an
d
s
u
b
-
f
ea
t
u
r
es
o
r
g
an
ized
in
a
f
ea
tu
r
e
tr
ee
,
a
n
d
ii)
o
p
tio
n
al
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
s
s
u
ch
as
“
e
x
clu
d
e
s
”
o
r
“
r
eq
u
ir
es”
to
d
e
s
cr
ib
e
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
cts
o
f
a
p
r
o
d
u
ct
lin
e
in
ter
m
s
o
f
t
h
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
t
h
at
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ex
cl
u
d
ed
(
“
ex
cl
u
d
es”
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
)
an
d
/o
r
n
ee
d
ed
(
“
r
eq
u
ir
es”
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
ts
)
b
y
ea
ch
p
r
o
d
u
ct.
E
ac
h
f
ea
tu
r
e
i
n
a
Fea
tu
r
e
Mo
d
el
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
a
p
r
o
p
er
t
y
o
f
a
p
r
o
d
u
ct
t
h
at
w
i
ll
b
e
v
i
s
ib
le
to
t
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
u
s
er
.
Selecti
n
g
a
s
et
o
f
d
esira
b
le
f
ea
t
u
r
es b
ased
o
n
s
ta
k
eh
o
ld
er
s
’
n
ee
d
s
is
a
co
m
p
le
x
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
ec
au
s
e:
1)
T
h
er
e
ar
e
n
o
r
m
a
ll
y
s
o
m
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
s
b
et
w
ee
n
f
ea
t
u
r
es
th
a
t
m
u
s
t
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
elec
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
y
s
tak
e
h
o
ld
er
s
.
2)
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
f
u
n
c
tio
n
al
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
(
F
R
s
)
,
s
ta
k
eh
o
ld
er
s
m
a
y
h
a
v
e
s
o
m
e
n
o
n
-
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
s
(
NFP
s
)
as
w
e
ll.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
it
m
a
y
n
o
t b
e
s
tr
ai
g
h
tf
o
r
w
ar
d
to
ex
p
r
ess
h
o
w
th
e
N
FR
s
ca
n
b
e
s
atis
f
ied
in
ter
m
s
o
f
f
ea
t
u
r
es i
n
FM.
3)
Stak
e
h
o
ld
er
s
m
a
y
h
a
v
e
s
o
m
e
r
estric
tio
n
s
in
t
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tat
i
o
n
o
f
th
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
i
n
FM
d
u
e
t
o
,
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
lack
o
f
ad
eq
u
ate
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
i
n
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e.
T
h
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
t
h
e
s
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
lead
s
to
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
d
co
m
p
lex
it
y
o
f
th
e
FM
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
s
elec
tin
g
th
e
b
est
s
et
o
f
f
ea
tu
r
es
w
h
ile
co
n
s
id
er
i
n
g
th
e
s
ta
k
e
h
o
ld
er
s
’
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
an
d
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
i
n
f
r
a
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
is
a
h
ar
d
task
.
Du
e
to
th
e
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
o
f
th
e
i
s
s
u
e
o
f
RE
i
n
SP
L
,
m
a
n
y
s
t
u
d
ies
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
d
o
n
e.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
[
5
]
in
th
is
ar
ea
,
t
h
er
e
is
a
lack
o
f
to
o
l
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
an
d
co
m
p
ar
ati
v
e
s
t
u
d
ies
[
5
]
.
A
ls
o
i
n
an
o
t
h
er
r
es
ea
r
ch
,
it
h
as
b
ee
n
s
tated
th
at
i
n
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
a
n
d
co
m
m
u
n
icati
o
n
,
lo
n
g
r
ep
etitio
n
c
y
cle
s
,
an
d
lack
o
f
co
m
p
lia
n
ce
an
d
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
i
n
R
E
p
h
ase
o
f
SP
L
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
co
u
ld
in
cr
e
ase
ef
f
o
r
t
an
d
m
iti
g
ate
d
is
r
u
p
t
io
n
d
u
r
in
g
p
r
o
d
u
ct
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
[
6
]
.
I
n
o
th
er
s
tu
d
y
,
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
i
m
p
o
r
tatn
ce
o
f
R
E
p
h
ase
in
q
u
ali
t
y
o
f
f
i
n
al
p
r
o
d
u
ts
,
th
e
s
ec
u
r
it
y
an
d
r
elate
d
v
er
if
icatio
n
m
e
th
o
d
in
R
E
h
a
s
b
ee
n
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
[
7
]
.
A
d
d
itio
n
al
l
y
,
v
ar
io
u
s
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
m
e
th
o
d
s
h
a
v
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
b
e
e
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
to
h
elp
FM
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
(
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
is
s
u
e
i
n
R
E
p
h
ase)
b
y
au
to
m
ati
n
g
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
f
ea
t
u
r
es
to
s
a
tis
f
y
F
R
s
,
NFR
s
an
d
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
ts
[
8]
-
[
1
0
]
.
So
m
e
o
th
er
s
h
a
v
e
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
th
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
s
s
ati
s
f
a
ctio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
m
et
h
o
d
to
b
u
ild
o
p
ti
m
al
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
[
11
]
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
p
r
o
b
lem
w
it
h
t
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
e
f
f
ic
ien
c
y
.
An
o
th
er
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
is
b
ased
o
n
s
ta
g
ed
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
o
f
FM
th
at
g
i
v
es
m
o
r
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
to
t
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
s
tak
e
h
o
ld
er
s
in
f
ea
t
u
r
e
s
elec
tio
n
b
u
t
co
u
ld
n
o
t
s
o
l
v
e
th
e
N
F
R
s
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
[
12
]
.
Am
o
n
g
t
h
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
t
h
is
a
r
e
a
th
e
a
u
to
m
a
ted
p
lan
n
in
g
i
n
[
13
]
is
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
lete
t
h
a
n
t
h
e
o
th
er
s
b
ec
au
s
e
it
co
v
er
s
FR
s
,
NF
R
s
a
n
d
co
n
s
tr
a
in
ts
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
an
d
also
a
u
to
m
ates
t
h
e
f
ea
t
u
r
e
s
elec
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
u
t
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
s
o
lv
e
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
o
f
s
i
m
u
lta
n
e
o
u
s
p
r
esen
tat
io
n
o
f
A
p
p
licatio
n
an
d
I
n
f
r
astr
u
ctu
r
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es i
n
o
n
e
-
la
y
er
FM.
T
h
e
ab
o
v
e
is
s
u
es
m
o
ti
v
ated
u
s
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
r
es
ea
r
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
:
Ho
w
ca
n
w
e
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
i
n
f
r
a
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
n
ee
d
ed
f
o
r
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tat
io
n
o
f
s
elec
ted
FR
s
an
d
NF
R
s
b
y
s
ta
k
eh
o
ld
er
s
i
n
FM?
An
d
if
a
n
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t 2
0
1
9
:
2
6
4
8
-
2
6
5
8
2650
co
n
f
lic
t
is
f
o
u
n
d
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
i
n
f
r
a
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
n
ee
d
ed
v
er
s
u
s
t
h
at
av
ailab
le,
h
o
w
s
h
o
u
ld
th
e
s
elec
ted
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
b
e
ch
an
g
ed
to
r
eso
lv
e
th
e
co
n
f
lict
?
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
ese
q
u
esti
o
n
s
,
we
lo
o
k
ed
in
to
s
o
m
e
FM
d
esig
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
an
d
f
o
u
n
d
a
m
u
l
ti
-
la
y
er
SP
L
w
it
h
a
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
m
o
d
el
co
n
ce
p
t
in
[
14
]
w
h
ich
i
s
a
co
m
m
o
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
m
a
n
a
g
e
h
i
g
h
l
y
co
m
p
lex
p
r
o
d
u
ct
f
a
m
ilies
.
I
n
[
14
]
,
a
m
u
lti
-
le
v
el
f
ea
t
u
r
e
tr
ee
s
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
th
at
co
n
s
i
s
t
o
f
a
tr
ee
o
f
f
ea
t
u
r
e
m
o
d
el
s
i
n
w
h
ic
h
t
h
e
p
ar
en
t
m
o
d
el
s
er
v
es
as
a
r
e
f
er
en
ce
f
ea
t
u
r
e
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
its
ch
i
ld
r
en
.
B
ase
o
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
i
n
[
14
]
,
w
e
g
u
es
s
ed
th
at
t
h
e
t
w
o
-
la
y
er
f
o
r
m
o
f
SP
L
to
g
e
th
er
w
i
th
t
h
e
v
er
tical
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
ca
n
h
el
p
u
s
to
f
ir
s
t
d
ef
i
n
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
in
ap
p
lica
tio
n
la
y
er
o
f
SP
L
an
d
th
e
n
m
ap
t
h
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
to
th
e
n
ee
d
ed
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
f
o
r
t
h
eir
i
m
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
.
So
w
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
t
w
o
-
la
y
er
F
M,
co
m
p
r
is
i
n
g
an
“A
p
p
licati
o
n
la
y
er
”
an
d
an
“
I
n
f
r
a
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
la
y
er
”.
A
p
p
licatio
n
la
y
er
is
to
in
cl
u
d
e
f
u
n
c
tio
n
al
a
n
d
n
o
n
-
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
f
ea
tu
r
es
o
f
SP
L
a
n
d
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
la
y
er
is
to
d
ea
l
w
ith
th
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
an
d
n
et
w
o
r
k
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
s
t
h
at
h
a
v
e
a
m
aj
o
r
r
o
le
in
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
o
f
a
n
y
p
r
o
d
u
c
t in
s
ta
n
ce
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
ts
ap
p
lied
to
ea
ch
f
ea
tu
r
e
in
th
e
FM
o
f
ap
p
licatio
n
la
y
er
,
w
e
ca
n
d
ef
i
n
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
t
w
o
l
a
y
er
s
o
f
FM,
a
n
d
t
h
er
eb
y
,
s
p
ec
if
y
t
h
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
i
n
f
r
astru
c
t
u
r
e
f
o
r
ea
c
h
s
et
o
f
s
tak
e
h
o
ld
er
s
’
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
.
I
n
th
e
co
n
te
x
t o
f
FM
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
th
e
m
ai
n
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
o
f
th
is
p
ap
er
ar
e
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
-
A
n
e
w
m
et
h
o
d
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
F
M
as
a
t
w
o
-
la
y
er
m
o
d
el
w
it
h
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
s
p
ec
i
f
y
t
h
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
i
n
th
e
s
a
m
e
le
v
el
(
ca
lled
“
I
n
n
er
C
o
n
s
tr
ai
n
ts
”)
an
d
also
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
ts
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
i
n
d
if
f
er
e
n
t la
y
er
s
(
ca
lled
“
I
n
tr
a
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
”)
,
-
An
ea
s
y
w
a
y
to
s
h
o
w
NF
R
s
i
n
ap
p
licatio
n
la
y
er
o
f
FM,
-
W
e
also
s
h
o
w
h
o
w
th
e
s
ta
k
e
h
o
ld
er
s
ca
n
b
e
h
elp
ed
to
s
elec
t
NFR
s
f
r
o
m
FMs
to
r
ef
lec
t
t
h
e
in
f
r
astr
u
ctu
r
e
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
f
o
r
NFR
s
’
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
t
h
is
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
an
ized
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
s
ec
tio
n
2
g
iv
e
s
a
n
o
v
er
v
ie
w
o
f
t
h
e
b
as
ic
r
elate
d
co
n
ce
p
ts
;
i
n
s
ec
tio
n
3
w
e
d
is
cu
s
s
t
h
e
c
h
alle
n
g
es
in
cu
r
r
en
t
FM
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
a
n
d
i
n
s
ec
tio
n
4
w
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
n
e
w
m
et
h
o
d
th
a
t
c
o
v
er
s
all
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
d
es
cr
ib
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
3
;
t
h
is
is
f
o
llo
w
ed
w
i
th
a
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
in
s
ec
tio
n
5
.
Sectio
n
6
s
y
s
te
m
atica
l
l
y
co
m
p
ar
es
o
u
r
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
w
ith
r
elate
d
w
o
r
k
s
,
an
d
f
i
n
all
y
,
t
h
e
p
ap
er
c
o
n
clu
d
es i
n
s
ec
tio
n
7
.
2.
F
O
UNDA
T
I
O
N
I
n
th
i
s
s
ec
tio
n
w
e
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
b
asic c
o
n
ce
p
ts
u
s
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t th
e
p
ap
er
.
2
.
1
.
F
ea
t
ure
m
o
del
s
(
F
M
s
)
I
n
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
d
ev
e
lo
p
m
en
t,
F
M
is
a
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
ed
r
ep
r
esen
tat
i
o
n
o
f
all
t
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
cts
(
g
e
n
er
ated
b
y
a
n
SP
L
)
in
ter
m
s
o
f
t
h
eir
“f
e
atu
r
es”.
FMs
ar
e
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
esp
ec
ially
d
u
r
i
n
g
ap
p
lic
atio
n
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
en
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
p
h
ase,
w
h
er
e
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
t
h
i
s
p
h
ase
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
in
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
o
t
h
er
ass
et
s
s
u
ch
a
s
d
o
cu
m
e
n
t
s
,
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
d
ef
in
i
tio
n
,
o
r
p
iece
s
o
f
co
d
e.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
FOD
A
i
n
[
15
]
,
a
f
ea
t
u
r
e
m
o
d
el
h
as
a
tr
ee
-
lik
e
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
th
at
v
is
u
all
y
d
ep
ic
ts
f
ea
t
u
r
es
an
d
also
th
eir
d
ep
en
d
en
c
ies
as
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
T
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
a
p
ar
en
t
f
ea
tu
r
e
a
n
d
its
ch
ild
f
ea
t
u
r
es
i
n
FM
ar
e
t
y
p
icall
y
cla
s
s
i
f
ied
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
-
Ma
n
d
ato
r
y
–
ch
ild
f
ea
t
u
r
e
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
.
-
Op
tio
n
al
–
ch
ild
f
ea
t
u
r
e
is
o
p
ti
o
n
al.
-
Or
–
at
least o
n
e
o
f
th
e
c
h
ild
-
f
ea
tu
r
es
m
u
s
t b
e
s
elec
ted
.
-
A
lter
n
ati
v
e
(
x
o
r
)
–
o
n
e
(
an
d
o
n
l
y
o
n
e)
o
f
th
e
c
h
ild
-
f
ea
t
u
r
es
m
u
s
t b
e
s
elec
ted
A
l
s
o
w
e
ca
n
d
ef
in
e
s
o
m
e
cr
o
s
s
-
tr
ee
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
s
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
i
n
FM.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
o
f
t
h
i
s
t
y
p
e
ar
e:
-
A
r
eq
u
ir
es B
–
T
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
A
in
a
p
r
o
d
u
ct
i
m
p
lie
s
t
h
e
s
e
lectio
n
o
f
B
.
-
A
e
x
clu
d
e
s
B
–
A
an
d
B
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
s
a
m
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct.
I
n
an
FM
th
e
m
a
in
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
ities
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
cts
th
at
ar
e
co
m
m
o
n
b
et
w
ee
n
all
p
r
o
d
u
cts
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
SP
L
ar
e
s
p
ec
if
ied
as
m
a
n
d
ato
r
y
f
ea
tu
r
es.
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
a
s
u
b
s
et
o
f
th
e
FM
o
f
t
h
e
ex
a
m
p
le
E
-
S
h
o
p
w
eb
s
i
te.
Her
e,
t
h
e
“
ca
talo
g
u
e
”
f
u
n
c
tio
n
ali
t
y
is
ass
u
m
ed
to
b
e
th
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
f
ac
ilit
y
o
f
a
n
y
E
-
Sh
o
p
s
,
s
o
it
i
s
s
et
to
m
a
n
d
ato
r
y
i
n
t
h
e
FM,
f
u
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
th
e
“
B
an
k
tr
an
s
f
er
”
f
ea
t
u
r
e
r
eq
u
ir
es th
e
“
Hi
g
h
s
ec
u
r
it
y
”
f
ea
t
u
r
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
F
ea
tu
r
e
mo
d
el
co
n
fig
u
r
a
tio
n
b
a
s
ed
o
n
tw
o
-
la
ye
r
mo
d
elin
g
.
.
.
(
E
lh
a
m
Da
r
ma
n
a
ki
F
a
r
a
h
a
n
i
)
2651
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
A
s
u
b
s
et
o
f
E
-
S
h
o
p
FM
2
.
2
.
F
un
ct
io
na
l a
nd
no
n
-
f
un
ct
io
n
a
l r
equire
m
ent
s
As
a
p
ar
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
in
v
o
lv
e
s
id
e
n
ti
f
icatio
n
,
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
,
d
o
cu
m
e
n
tatio
n
,
an
d
t
h
e
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
et
o
f
n
ee
d
s
,
d
esire
d
f
ea
tu
r
es
an
d
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
o
f
th
e
s
ta
k
e
h
o
ld
er
s
[
16
].
I
n
a
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
s
y
s
te
m
,
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
ar
e
ca
teg
o
r
ized
in
to
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
a
n
d
n
o
n
-
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
g
r
o
u
p
s
[
16
]
.
T
h
e
ter
m
FR
r
ef
er
s
to
t
h
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
th
at
s
p
ec
i
f
y
t
h
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
m
u
s
t
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
,
w
h
ile
NF
R
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
t
s
o
n
h
o
w
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
m
u
s
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
th
o
s
e
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
s
.
I
n
g
e
n
er
al,
FR
s
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
h
er
ea
s
NFR
s
elab
o
r
ate
o
n
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
NFR
s
ar
e
m
o
s
tl
y
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
s
y
s
te
m
q
u
alitie
s
an
d
t
y
p
icall
y
f
a
ll
in
to
ar
ea
s
s
u
ch
as
:
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
,
s
ec
u
r
it
y
an
d
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ili
t
y
.
An
e
x
a
m
p
le
o
f
a
f
u
n
c
tio
n
al
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
wo
u
ld
b
e:
“A
s
y
s
te
m
m
u
s
t se
n
d
an
e
m
ail
w
h
en
e
v
er
a
ce
r
tain
co
n
d
itio
n
i
s
m
et”
a
n
d
a
r
elate
d
n
o
n
-
f
u
n
ctio
n
a
l
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
th
is
s
y
s
te
m
m
a
y
b
e:
“
E
m
a
ils
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
s
en
t
w
it
h
a
laten
c
y
o
f
n
o
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
1
2
h
o
u
r
s
a
f
ter
t
h
e
r
el
ated
co
n
d
itio
n
is
m
et.
”
R
ep
r
esen
tat
io
n
o
f
F
R
s
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
i
n
a
n
FM.
B
u
t
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
t
h
e
N
FR
s
in
a
n
FM
is
n
o
t
a
s
i
m
p
le
tas
k
,
alth
o
u
g
h
t
h
er
e
ar
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
als
f
o
r
h
o
w
t
h
is
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
e
d
an
d
p
r
esen
ted
to
s
tak
e
h
o
ld
er
s
[
13
,
17
]
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
o
f
th
is
p
ap
er
is
a
m
et
h
o
d
f
o
r
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
NFR
s
in
F
Ms
i
n
a
s
i
m
p
le
w
a
y
.
T
h
is
w
ill b
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
t
h
e
n
e
x
t sec
tio
n
s
.
3.
P
RO
B
L
E
M
ST
AT
E
M
E
NT
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
h
ig
h
li
g
h
ts
t
h
e
m
a
j
o
r
ch
allen
g
e
in
v
o
lv
ed
i
n
s
elec
tin
g
th
e
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
f
ea
tu
r
es
f
r
o
m
th
e
F
M
b
y
s
ta
k
e
h
o
ld
er
s
.
A
s
m
en
t
io
n
e
d
in
s
ec
tio
n
1
,
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
ai
n
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
i
n
s
e
lecti
n
g
t
h
e
d
e
s
ir
ed
f
ea
t
u
r
es
is
t
h
e
m
is
m
atc
h
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
s
a
n
d
th
e
a
v
ai
lab
le
in
f
r
astru
c
tu
r
e.
T
h
is
p
r
o
b
le
m
o
cc
u
r
s
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
s
ta
k
eh
o
ld
er
s
ca
n
o
n
l
y
s
ee
th
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
(
Fu
n
ctio
n
a
l
o
r
No
n
-
Fu
n
ctio
n
al)
in
th
e
FM
b
u
t
ca
n
n
o
t
h
av
e
a
n
y
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
i
n
f
r
astr
u
ctu
r
e
(
Net
w
o
r
k
a
n
d
Har
d
w
ar
e)
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
all
t
h
e
s
elec
ted
f
ea
t
u
r
es.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
let
u
s
co
n
s
id
er
an
FM
f
o
r
th
e
SP
L
o
f
a
web
s
ite
w
h
er
e
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
n
o
n
-
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
ca
n
b
e
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
in
f
ac
e
o
f
a
h
ig
h
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
i
m
u
ltan
eo
u
s
o
n
li
n
e
v
is
i
to
r
s
p
er
m
i
n
u
te.
I
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
er
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
an
d
n
et
w
o
r
k
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ati
o
n
is
n
o
t
p
r
o
v
id
ed
,
th
e
w
eb
s
ite
co
u
ld
b
ec
o
m
e
in
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
to
t
h
e
u
s
er
s
d
u
r
i
n
g
h
e
av
y
tr
a
f
f
ic
p
er
io
d
s
.
T
o
av
o
id
th
is
p
r
o
b
le
m
,
p
r
o
p
er
an
d
ad
eq
u
ate
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
in
th
e
r
elev
a
n
t p
ar
ts
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
I
n
th
e
FM
o
f
t
h
is
w
eb
s
ite,
w
e
ca
n
h
av
e
a
f
ea
tu
r
e
n
a
m
ed
“Ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
”
an
d
s
ta
k
e
h
o
ld
er
s
ca
n
s
elec
t
th
e
p
r
ed
icted
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
v
i
s
ito
r
s
p
er
m
i
n
u
te
.
B
u
t
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
ar
is
e
s
w
h
en
t
h
e
s
tak
e
h
o
ld
er
s
s
elec
t
th
e
p
r
ed
icted
n
u
m
b
er
i
n
th
e
FM
w
it
h
o
u
t
h
a
v
in
g
an
y
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
i
n
f
r
ast
r
u
ctu
r
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
p
r
ed
icted
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
v
i
s
it
o
r
s
.
I
t
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
th
at
t
h
e
s
t
ak
eh
o
ld
er
s
s
elec
t
a
h
ig
h
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
v
is
i
to
r
s
in
t
h
e
FM
b
u
t i
n
p
r
ac
ti
ce
it
m
a
y
n
o
t b
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
an
d
n
et
w
o
r
k
i
n
f
r
astru
c
tu
r
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
h
an
d
le
t
h
e
p
r
ed
icted
o
f
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
v
is
ito
r
s
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
all
th
e
s
ta
k
e
h
o
ld
er
s
’
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
s
r
elate
d
to
th
e
s
elec
ted
f
ea
t
u
r
es,
esp
ec
iall
y
t
h
e
NFR
s
i
n
th
e
FM,
co
u
ld
n
o
t
n
ec
e
s
s
ar
il
y
b
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
.
T
o
s
o
lv
e
th
i
s
p
r
o
b
lem
,
w
e
m
u
s
t
f
i
n
d
a
w
a
y
to
p
r
esen
t
to
t
h
e
s
tak
e
h
o
ld
er
s
t
h
e
i
n
f
r
astru
c
tu
r
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
ea
ch
s
p
ec
ia
l
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
o
r
n
o
n
-
f
u
n
ct
io
n
al
f
ea
t
u
r
e
i
n
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
e
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
p
h
a
s
e.
I
n
t
h
e
n
e
x
t
s
ec
tio
n
w
e
d
escr
ib
e
o
u
r
m
et
h
o
d
t
h
at
co
u
ld
s
o
l
v
e
t
h
is
m
aj
o
r
ch
allen
g
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t 2
0
1
9
:
2
6
4
8
-
2
6
5
8
2652
4.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
F
M
CO
NF
I
G
U
RATI
O
N
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
o
s
o
lv
e
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
d
escr
ib
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
3
,
in
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
w
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
n
e
w
m
et
h
o
d
f
o
r
d
esig
n
i
n
g
FMs
in
an
y
SP
L
s
.
T
o
ad
d
r
e
s
s
th
e
ch
a
llen
g
es
t
h
at
s
ta
k
eh
o
ld
er
s
f
ac
e
in
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
elec
t
i
o
n
in
ap
p
licatio
n
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
en
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
p
h
as
e,
w
e
m
u
s
t
f
in
d
a
m
et
h
o
d
to
ab
le
to
s
im
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
s
h
o
w
to
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
a
n
d
n
o
n
-
f
u
n
ctio
n
a
l
f
ea
t
u
r
es
a
n
d
t
h
e
i
n
f
r
astr
u
ctu
r
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
o
s
e
f
e
atu
r
es.
I
n
t
h
is
w
a
y
th
e
s
ta
k
e
h
o
ld
er
s
ca
n
v
ie
w
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
er
ties
,
o
p
er
atio
n
al
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
a
n
d
th
e
a
v
ailab
le
i
n
f
r
astr
u
ctu
r
e
at
th
e
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e.
So
in
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
w
e
d
esc
r
ib
e
b
o
th
a
n
e
w
m
et
h
o
d
f
o
r
f
ea
tu
r
e
m
o
d
elli
n
g
,
ca
lled
“
T
w
o
-
la
y
er
FM”,
an
d
also
a
r
elate
d
alg
o
r
ith
m
d
escr
ib
in
g
t
h
e
s
tep
s
in
v
o
lv
ed
i
n
FM
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
.
4
.
1
.
T
w
o
-
l
a
y
er
F
M
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
a
n
e
w
m
et
h
o
d
f
o
r
f
ea
t
u
r
e
m
o
d
elli
n
g
ca
lled
“
T
w
o
-
la
y
er
FM”
co
n
s
i
s
ti
n
g
o
f
t
w
o
la
y
er
s
th
at
ea
ch
o
n
e
is
a
FM
(
On
e
f
o
r
ap
p
licatio
n
f
ea
tu
r
es
an
d
an
o
t
h
e
r
f
o
r
in
f
r
a
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es).
T
h
e
d
ep
en
d
en
cies
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
in
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
la
y
er
o
f
t
h
e
FM
ar
e
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
u
s
in
g
“
I
n
n
er
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
ts
”
w
h
ic
h
ta
k
e
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
“
R
eq
u
ir
es”
o
r
“
E
x
cl
u
d
es”
r
elatio
n
s
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
s
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
in
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
an
d
in
f
r
astr
u
ctu
r
e
la
y
er
s
ar
e
d
ef
in
ed
v
ia
t
h
e
“
I
n
tr
a
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
ts
”
w
h
ich
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
“
Use
s
”
r
elatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
o
n
e
f
ea
t
u
r
e
in
ap
p
licatio
n
la
y
er
a
n
d
an
o
th
e
r
o
n
e
in
in
f
r
astr
u
ct
u
r
e
la
y
er
.
4
.
2
.
P
ro
po
s
ed
co
nfig
ura
t
io
n a
lg
o
rit
h
m
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
d
escr
ib
es
t
h
e
n
e
w
FM
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
b
ased
o
n
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
t
w
o
-
la
y
er
FM.
T
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
p
ec
if
ie
s
t
h
e
s
te
p
s
in
v
o
l
v
ed
in
f
ea
t
u
r
e
s
elec
tio
n
lead
in
g
to
th
e
f
i
n
al
cu
s
to
m
iz
ed
FM.
F
M
C
Alg
o
rit
h
m
I
nput
: T
w
o
-
la
y
er
FM
O
utput
: Fi
n
al
C
u
s
to
m
ized
F
M
(
1
)
Stak
eh
o
ld
er
s
s
elec
t t
h
e
d
es
ir
ed
f
u
n
c
tio
n
al
a
n
d
n
o
n
-
f
u
n
cti
o
n
al
f
ea
t
u
r
es
f
r
o
m
ap
p
licatio
n
la
y
er
o
f
FM.
(
2
)
Stak
eh
o
ld
er
s
s
elec
t
t
h
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
e
q
u
ip
m
e
n
t
(
as
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
a
n
d
n
et
w
o
r
k
)
f
r
o
m
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
la
y
er
o
f
FM.
(
3
)
C
h
ec
k
w
h
eth
er
t
h
e
in
n
er
c
o
n
s
tr
ain
ts
i
n
b
o
th
ap
p
licatio
n
an
d
in
f
r
astru
c
tu
r
e
la
y
er
s
ar
e
s
a
tis
f
ied
.
I
f
th
er
e
is
an
y
co
n
f
lic
t b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
s
elec
ted
f
ea
t
u
r
es a
n
d
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
s
Un
til t
h
er
e
is
n
o
co
n
f
l
ict
d
o
:
(3
-
1
)
Sen
d
er
r
o
r
m
ess
a
g
e
to
s
t
ak
eh
o
ld
er
s
to
ch
a
n
g
e
t
h
e
s
e
lec
ted
f
ea
tu
r
es
u
n
til t
h
er
e
is
n
o
c
o
n
f
lic
t.
(
4
)
C
h
ec
k
t
h
e
i
n
tr
a
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
t
s
b
et
w
ee
n
ap
p
licatio
n
an
d
i
n
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
la
y
er
s
ar
e
s
ati
s
f
ie
d
b
y
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
ex
is
t
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
as
S
A
T
s
o
lv
er
[
18
]
o
r
FMVA
[
19
].
I
f
th
er
e
is
an
y
co
n
f
lict
b
et
w
ee
n
a
s
elec
ted
f
ea
t
u
r
e
f
r
o
m
ap
p
licatio
n
la
y
er
an
d
a
s
elec
ted
av
ailab
le
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
in
f
r
astr
u
ctu
r
e
la
y
er
(
w
h
ic
h
m
ea
n
s
t
h
at
th
e
in
tr
a
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
t
s
w
er
e
n
o
t
s
atis
f
ied
)
,
t
w
o
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
w
ill b
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
(
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
s
o
l
u
tio
n
ca
n
b
e
s
elec
ted
)
(4
-
1
)
Stak
eh
o
ld
er
s
ca
n
c
h
an
g
e
th
e
s
elec
ted
f
ea
t
u
r
es
i
n
ap
p
licatio
n
la
y
er
b
ased
o
n
tick
ed
av
ailab
le
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t f
o
r
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
b
y
g
o
in
g
b
ac
k
w
ar
d
f
r
o
m
i
n
f
r
a
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
to
ap
p
licatio
n
la
y
er
.
(4
-
2
)
Stak
eh
o
ld
er
s
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
f
ea
t
u
r
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
la
y
er
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
p
r
ed
ef
in
e
d
in
tr
a
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
an
d
t
h
en
ch
an
g
e
t
h
e
s
elec
ted
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t i
n
in
f
r
astr
u
ctu
r
e
la
y
er
.
end
5.
CASE
S
T
UD
Y
AND
E
VAL
UATI
O
N
T
o
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
f
ea
s
ib
il
it
y
o
f
o
u
r
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
w
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
a
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
r
es
en
ted
FM.
Fo
r
th
i
s
p
u
r
p
o
s
e,
in
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
w
e
p
r
o
v
id
e
t
w
o
-
la
y
er
FM
f
o
r
an
E
-
S
h
o
p
w
eb
s
ite
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
d
ep
icted
in
a
s
i
m
p
le
m
o
d
el
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
2
.
W
it
h
i
n
th
e
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
,
w
e
ar
e
p
ar
ti
cu
lar
l
y
i
n
ter
e
s
ted
i
n
an
s
w
er
i
n
g
t
w
o
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
F
ea
tu
r
e
mo
d
el
co
n
fig
u
r
a
tio
n
b
a
s
ed
o
n
tw
o
-
la
ye
r
mo
d
elin
g
.
.
.
(
E
lh
a
m
Da
r
ma
n
a
ki
F
a
r
a
h
a
n
i
)
2653
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
T
w
o
-
l
a
y
er
FM
f
o
r
E
-
S
h
o
p
w
eb
s
ite
5
.
1
.
RQ
1
(
E
f
f
ec
t
iv
eness
)
:
I
s
t
he
m
et
ho
d
ef
f
ec
t
iv
e
f
o
r
F
M
co
n
f
ig
ura
t
io
n?
T
h
e
m
ai
n
ai
m
o
f
R
Q1
is
to
d
eter
m
in
e
w
h
et
h
er
o
u
r
m
eth
o
d
ca
n
g
en
er
ate
r
eliab
le
r
esu
lt
s
f
o
r
ap
p
licatio
n
en
g
in
ee
r
s
,
a
n
d
als
o
,
w
h
ic
h
le
v
el
o
f
a
u
to
m
at
i
o
n
i
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
it.
I
n
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
e
n
g
i
n
ee
r
s
’
ta
s
k
s
,
b
ased
o
n
s
ta
k
e
h
o
ld
er
s
’
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
,
ar
e
li
m
ited
to
: i)
s
p
ec
i
f
y
in
g
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
an
d
n
o
n
-
f
u
n
ct
io
n
al
f
e
atu
r
es i
n
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
la
y
er
o
f
FM,
i
i)
s
elec
t
in
g
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
in
f
r
astru
c
tu
r
e
(
o
r
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
th
at
ca
n
b
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
)
in
th
e
in
f
r
astr
u
ctu
r
e
la
y
er
o
f
FM.
T
h
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
to
o
l
ca
n
a
u
to
m
a
ticall
y
c
h
ec
k
w
h
et
h
er
th
e
p
r
ed
ef
i
n
ed
in
n
er
a
n
d
in
tr
a
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
ts
ar
e
s
ati
s
f
ied
b
y
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
ex
i
s
ti
n
g
m
eth
o
d
,
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le
S
A
T
s
o
lv
er
[
18
]
o
r
FMV
A
[
19
]
an
d
n
o
tify
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
e
n
g
i
n
ee
r
s
ab
o
u
t th
e
co
n
f
lict
s
f
o
u
n
d
b
et
wee
n
n
o
n
-
f
u
n
ct
io
n
al
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
a
n
d
th
e
s
elec
ted
in
f
r
astru
c
t
u
r
e.
As
a
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
,
w
e
ar
e
ab
le
to
an
s
w
er
R
Q1
p
o
s
itiv
e
l
y
.
B
e
ca
u
s
e
w
e
ca
n
co
n
c
lu
d
e
t
h
at:
i
)
th
e
f
in
al
r
esu
lt
o
f
o
u
r
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
co
r
r
ec
t,
an
d
ii)
an
a
u
to
m
at
ic
s
o
lu
ti
o
n
f
o
r
FM
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
at
io
n
ca
n
b
e
g
en
er
ated
w
h
er
e
th
e
s
ta
k
e
h
o
ld
er
s
n
ee
d
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
th
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
m
an
u
al
ta
s
k
s
.
5
.
2
.
RQ
2
(
Sca
la
bil
it
y
)
:
Ca
n
t
he
m
et
ho
d
co
nfig
ure
F
M
s
in
a
re
a
s
o
na
ble
t
i
m
e
,
ba
s
ed
o
n
f
un
ct
io
na
l
a
nd
no
n
-
f
un
ct
io
na
l r
equire
m
e
nts
?
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
R
Q2
is
to
ev
alu
ate
w
h
et
h
er
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
g
e
n
er
ate
an
FM
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
i
n
a
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
l
en
g
t
h
o
f
t
i
m
e
w
h
e
n
d
ea
lin
g
w
i
th
a
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
f
ea
t
u
r
e
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
.
W
e
ca
n
s
ee
th
at
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
an
d
s
ec
u
r
it
y
ar
e
t
w
o
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
NF
R
s
i
n
th
i
s
FM.
W
h
e
n
w
e
i
n
itial
l
y
d
esig
n
th
e
FM
o
f
E
-
Sh
o
p
SP
L
w
e
h
a
v
e
n
o
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
co
n
te
x
t
o
f
th
e
f
in
al
c
u
s
to
m
ized
w
eb
s
ite,
s
o
w
e
ca
n
n
o
t
in
c
lu
d
e
th
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
v
is
ito
r
s
in
t
h
e
FM.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
w
e
p
r
ef
er
to
ad
d
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
f
ea
t
u
r
es
to
th
e
FM.
T
h
e
s
ta
k
eh
o
ld
er
s
ca
n
s
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
u
s
e
t
h
ese
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
f
ea
tu
r
es
to
ch
o
o
s
e
th
ei
r
p
r
ed
ictio
n
ab
o
u
t th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
v
i
s
ito
r
s
p
er
d
ay
.
I
f
t
h
e
s
tak
e
h
o
ld
er
s
’
p
r
ed
ictio
n
is
i
n
co
r
r
ec
t,
it
m
i
g
h
t
lead
to
s
er
v
ice
f
ail
u
r
e
at
p
ea
k
ti
m
e
s
d
u
e
to
lac
k
o
f
d
ed
icate
d
n
et
w
o
r
k
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
o
r
in
co
m
p
atib
le
s
er
v
er
s
’
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
in
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
p
h
a
s
e
it
is
n
ec
e
s
s
ar
y
th
at
th
e
s
t
ak
eh
o
ld
er
s
h
av
e
t
h
e
co
m
p
lete
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
ab
o
u
t
th
e
i
n
f
r
a
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
n
ee
d
e
d
f
o
r
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
t
h
eir
f
u
n
ct
io
n
al
a
n
d
n
o
n
-
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
.
O
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
,
t
w
o
-
la
y
er
FM,
p
r
o
v
id
es
t
h
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
f
o
r
s
ta
k
eh
o
ld
er
s
t
o
h
av
e
t
h
e
co
m
p
lete
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
ab
o
u
t th
e
f
ea
tu
r
es
an
d
th
eir
r
elatio
n
s
in
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
a
n
d
i
n
f
r
a
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
le
v
el
s
o
f
th
eir
d
esire
d
p
r
o
d
u
cts at
a
g
lan
ce
.
T
h
is
,
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
m
ea
n
s
t
h
at
if
,
b
ased
o
n
a
p
r
ed
ef
in
ed
s
et
o
f
in
tr
a
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
,
t
h
er
e
is
a
n
y
co
n
f
l
ict
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
s
elec
ted
f
ea
t
u
r
e
s
in
ap
p
licatio
n
la
y
er
o
f
FM
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
s
id
e
an
d
th
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
an
d
n
et
w
o
r
k
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
i
n
in
f
r
astr
u
ctu
r
e
la
y
er
o
n
th
e
o
th
er
s
id
e,
th
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
to
o
l
b
ased
o
n
o
u
r
m
et
h
o
d
co
u
ld
d
etec
t
th
is
co
n
f
l
ict,
d
is
p
la
y
a
n
er
r
o
r
m
ess
a
g
e
a
n
d
r
eq
u
est
t
h
e
s
tak
e
h
o
ld
er
s
to
u
n
d
er
tak
e
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
ac
tio
n
s
:
i)
ch
a
n
g
e
th
e
d
esire
d
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
in
a
p
p
licatio
n
la
y
er
o
f
FM,
o
r
ii)
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
an
d
n
et
w
o
r
k
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
i
n
f
r
a
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
la
y
er
an
d
th
e
n
ch
a
n
g
e
t
h
e
s
el
ec
ted
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
an
d
n
et
w
o
r
k
f
ea
t
u
r
es
in
th
e
FM
ac
co
r
d
in
g
l
y
.
I
n
th
i
s
w
a
y
t
h
e
i
n
tr
a
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
w
o
u
ld
b
e
s
atis
f
ied
a
n
d
t
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
o
f
a
cu
s
to
m
iz
ed
p
r
o
d
u
ct
f
o
r
s
ta
k
eh
o
ld
er
s
wo
u
ld
b
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
w
e
ar
e
ab
le
to
an
s
w
er
R
Q2
p
o
s
itiv
el
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t 2
0
1
9
:
2
6
4
8
-
2
6
5
8
2654
A
l
s
o
f
o
r
an
in
s
ta
n
ce
,
w
e
ca
n
ap
p
ly
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
FMC
alg
o
r
ith
m
to
th
e
FM
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
E
-
Sh
o
p
w
eb
s
ite
as s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
.
1)
Stak
e
h
o
ld
er
s
s
elec
t
th
eir
d
es
ir
ed
n
o
n
-
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
f
ea
t
u
r
es
f
r
o
m
ap
p
licatio
n
la
y
er
.
Fo
r
in
s
ta
n
ce
,
“
3
-
5
0
m
illi
o
n
p
ag
e
v
ie
w
s
p
er
d
a
y
”
f
o
r
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
,
“Catalo
g
u
e”
,
“
B
an
k
T
r
an
s
f
er
”
an
d
“
C
r
ed
it
C
ar
d
”
f
o
r
p
ay
m
e
n
t,
an
d
f
in
a
ll
y
,
“
S
tan
d
ar
d
Secu
r
it
y
”.
2)
Stak
e
h
o
ld
er
s
s
elec
t
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
i
n
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
la
y
er
co
m
p
r
is
i
n
g
4
s
er
v
er
s
ea
ch
eq
u
ip
p
ed
w
ith
4
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
,
6
GB
o
f
R
A
M
an
d
a
5
GB
h
ar
d
d
is
k
.
3)
C
h
ec
k
t
h
e
s
ati
s
f
ac
t
io
n
o
f
i
n
n
er
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
ts
i
n
b
o
th
ap
p
licatio
n
a
n
d
i
n
f
r
as
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
la
y
er
s
b
y
FMV
A
m
et
h
o
d
:
T
h
er
e
ar
e
n
o
co
n
f
licts
b
et
w
ee
n
in
n
er
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
t
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
s
tep
(
3
-
1
)
in
th
e
alg
o
r
it
h
m
is
n
o
t ta
k
e
n
.
4)
C
h
ec
k
t
h
e
s
ati
s
f
ac
t
io
n
o
f
i
n
tr
a
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
s
b
et
w
ee
n
ap
p
l
icatio
n
an
d
i
n
f
r
a
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
la
y
er
s
b
y
FMV
A
m
et
h
o
d
.
R
esu
lt:
A
co
n
f
lict
is
d
etec
ted
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
d
es
i
r
ed
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
s
ta
k
eh
o
l
d
er
s
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
s
elec
ted
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
t
w
o
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
f
o
r
r
eso
lv
i
n
g
th
i
s
co
n
f
lict:
a.
Stak
e
h
o
ld
er
s
ca
n
ch
an
g
e
th
e
d
esire
d
lev
el
o
f
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
to
“
Up
to
5
-
m
illi
o
n
-
p
a
g
e
v
ie
w
/d
a
y
”
i
n
ap
p
licatio
n
la
y
er
.
T
h
is
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
f
ea
t
u
r
e
is
s
a
tis
f
ied
b
y
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
ch
o
s
en
i
n
s
tep
2
.
b.
Stak
e
h
o
ld
er
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
9
s
er
v
er
s
ea
ch
eq
u
ip
p
ed
w
it
h
2
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
,
3
GB
o
f
R
A
M
a
n
d
a
2
0
GB
h
ar
d
d
is
k
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
ad
o
p
ted
,
th
e
s
elec
ted
f
ea
t
u
r
es
a
n
d
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ch
a
n
g
ed
an
d
th
e
f
i
n
a
l
cu
s
to
m
ized
FM
w
ill b
e
r
ea
d
y
.
A
s
w
e
ca
n
s
ee
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
“
T
w
o
-
L
a
y
er
FM”
is
a
s
i
m
p
le
an
d
p
r
ac
tical
s
o
l
u
ti
o
n
f
o
r
FM
cu
s
to
m
izatio
n
b
ased
o
n
s
tak
e
h
o
ld
er
s
’
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
a
n
d
av
ail
ab
le
in
f
r
as
tr
u
ct
u
r
e.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Sa
m
p
le
s
elec
ted
f
ea
t
u
r
es b
y
s
ta
k
e
h
o
ld
er
s
in
E
-
S
h
o
p
FM
6.
RE
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
esen
ts
a
s
y
s
te
m
atic
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
m
a
in
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
o
u
r
w
o
r
k
an
d
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
i
n
th
i
s
ar
ea
.
T
o
a
ch
iev
e
th
is
,
w
e
n
ee
d
to
d
ef
in
e
a
s
et
o
f
cr
iter
ia
th
at
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
an
y
FM
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
W
e
h
av
e
ad
o
p
ted
th
e
cr
iter
ia
s
et
d
ef
in
ed
in
[
13
]
an
d
m
o
d
if
ied
it
f
o
r
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
W
e
d
o
n
o
t
clai
m
t
h
at
th
i
s
cr
i
ter
ia
s
et
i
s
p
er
f
ec
t,
b
u
t
it
p
r
o
v
id
es
t
h
e
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
asp
ec
ts
to
co
m
p
ar
e
o
u
r
w
o
r
k
w
it
h
o
th
er
s
’
.
T
h
ese
cr
iter
ia
in
clu
d
e:
1
)
Ma
n
a
g
in
g
NF
R
s
,
2
)
Op
tim
izat
io
n
,
3
)
E
n
s
u
r
in
g
FM
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
ts
,
4
)
A
u
to
m
ati
n
g
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
5
)
P
r
o
v
id
in
g
to
o
lin
g
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
6
)
T
im
e
ef
f
icien
c
y
,
a
n
d
f
i
n
all
y
,
7
)
S
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
e
d
ef
i
n
itio
n
o
f
t
h
e
in
f
r
astru
c
tu
r
e
n
ee
d
ed
f
o
r
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
d
esire
d
FM
o
f
s
tak
e
h
o
ld
er
s
.
6
.
1
.
F
ea
t
ure
m
o
del c
o
nfig
ura
t
io
n a
pp
ro
a
ches
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
is
b
y
C
za
r
n
ec
k
i
et
al.
[
12
]
w
h
o
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
Stag
ed
co
n
f
ig
u
r
at
io
n
.
T
h
ey
d
escr
ib
ed
a
s
tep
w
is
e
s
p
ec
ializatio
n
o
f
f
ea
t
u
r
e
m
o
d
els
w
h
er
e
th
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
at
io
n
ch
o
ices
m
ad
e
i
n
ea
ch
s
tag
e
ar
e
d
ef
in
ed
b
y
s
ep
ar
ate
f
ea
t
u
r
e
m
o
d
els.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
m
o
ti
v
ated
b
y
t
h
e
ch
ar
ac
t
er
is
tic
o
f
a
r
ea
li
s
tic
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
w
h
er
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
ta
k
eh
o
ld
er
s
m
a
k
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ati
o
n
c
h
o
ices
i
n
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
ta
g
es.
I
n
th
is
m
et
h
o
d
th
e
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
ts
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
F
M
ar
e
n
o
t
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
a
n
d
au
to
m
atic
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
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ea
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mo
d
el
co
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fig
u
r
a
tio
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a
s
ed
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n
tw
o
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la
ye
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E
lh
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Da
r
ma
n
a
ki
F
a
r
a
h
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n
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)
2655
is
n
o
t
co
n
s
id
er
ed
.
T
h
is
m
e
th
o
d
co
u
ld
b
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
b
y
a
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
to
o
l
b
u
t
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
af
f
e
ct
th
e
t
i
m
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
ex
ec
u
te
th
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
B
en
av
id
es
et
al.
in
[
11
]
p
r
es
en
ted
h
o
w
a
n
FM
(
w
it
h
o
r
w
it
h
o
u
t
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
ca
r
d
in
alit
ies)
ca
n
b
e
tr
an
s
lated
i
n
to
a
C
o
n
s
tr
ai
n
t
Satis
f
ac
tio
n
P
r
o
b
lem
(
C
SP
)
.
I
n
t
h
at
w
a
y
,
it
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
t
o
u
s
e
o
f
f
–
t
h
e
–
s
h
el
f
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
s
ati
s
f
ac
tio
n
s
o
lv
er
s
to
au
to
m
at
icall
y
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
s
ev
er
al
ta
s
k
s
s
u
ch
as
ca
lc
u
lat
in
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
o
s
s
ib
le
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
a
n
d
d
etec
tin
g
p
o
s
s
ib
le
co
n
f
lict
s
.
W
h
ite
et
al.
[
9
]
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
a
Fil
ter
ed
C
ar
tesi
a
n
F
latten
in
g
(
FC
F)
m
eth
o
d
t
o
s
elec
t
o
p
ti
m
al
f
ea
t
u
r
e
s
ets
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
r
eso
u
r
ce
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
s
.
I
n
t
h
eir
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
th
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
elec
tio
n
p
r
o
b
le
m
i
s
m
ap
p
ed
to
a
m
u
lti
-
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
al,
m
u
l
ti
-
c
h
o
ice
k
n
ap
s
ac
k
p
r
o
b
le
m
(
MM
KP
)
.
B
y
ap
p
l
y
in
g
ex
i
s
ti
n
g
MM
KP
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
atio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
,
t
h
e
y
p
r
o
v
id
ed
p
ar
t
iall
y
o
p
ti
m
a
l f
ea
t
u
r
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
a
tio
n
s
i
n
p
o
l
y
n
o
m
ial
ti
m
e.
Sieg
m
u
n
d
et
al.
[
20
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
s
h
o
w
in
g
n
o
n
-
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
p
r
o
p
er
ties
in
FM
a
n
d
ap
p
lied
C
SP
to
f
i
n
d
o
p
ti
m
a
l
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
b
ased
o
n
u
s
er
d
ef
i
n
ed
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
.
I
n
th
e
ir
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
e
t
h
er
e
ar
e
s
o
m
e
p
r
ep
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
s
tep
s
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
s
ea
r
c
h
s
p
ac
e
f
o
r
o
p
tim
al
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
.
W
h
ite
et
al.
[
21
]
also
f
o
r
m
alize
d
s
tag
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
Mu
lti
-
Ste
p
So
f
t
w
ar
e
C
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
p
r
o
b
L
E
m
s
o
l
v
e
r
(
MU
SC
L
E
)
t
h
at
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
f
o
r
m
al
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
m
u
lti
-
s
tep
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
.
T
h
e
y
co
n
s
id
er
ed
n
o
n
-
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
p
r
o
p
er
ties
s
u
ch
a
s
co
s
t
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
b
et
w
ee
n
t
w
o
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ati
o
n
s
an
d
f
o
r
m
alize
d
th
e
m
as
C
SP
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
ts
.
T
h
eir
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
o
n
l
y
ap
p
licab
le
f
o
r
m
u
lti
-
s
ta
g
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
ati
o
n
an
d
f
o
c
u
s
es
o
n
cr
ea
tin
g
n
e
w
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
at
io
n
s
f
r
o
m
e
x
i
s
ti
n
g
p
r
o
d
u
ct
co
n
f
ig
u
r
a
tio
n
s
.
Me
n
d
o
n
ca
et
al.
[
22
]
in
tr
o
d
u
c
ed
a
tr
an
s
latio
n
o
f
b
asic
f
ea
t
u
r
e
m
o
d
els
b
ased
o
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
itio
n
al
lo
g
ic
an
d
u
s
ed
B
in
ar
y
Dec
i
s
io
n
Di
ag
r
a
m
s
(
B
DD)
as
th
e
r
ea
s
o
n
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
eir
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
cu
s
e
s
o
n
v
alid
ati
n
g
f
ea
t
u
r
e
m
o
d
els
a
n
d
d
o
es
n
o
t
o
f
f
er
a
f
ac
ili
t
y
f
o
r
au
to
m
ated
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
.
T
h
eir
s
o
l
u
tio
n
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
in
a
m
u
lti
-
s
ta
g
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
r
v
alid
atio
n
o
f
th
e
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
e
v
er
y
s
p
ec
ializatio
n
in
o
n
e
FM
(
ca
lled
in
ter
ac
ti
v
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
)
.
A
n
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
o
n
l
y
c
h
ec
k
s
th
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
al
co
n
s
t
r
ain
ts
o
f
FM
s
an
d
d
o
es
n
o
t
co
n
s
id
er
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
an
d
n
o
n
-
f
u
n
ct
io
n
al
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
.
A
to
o
l
w
a
s
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
t
o
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
d
ev
elo
p
er
s
in
v
alid
atio
n
.
Gu
e
et
al.
i
n
[
23
]
ad
d
r
ess
ed
t
h
e
c
h
alle
n
g
e
o
f
o
p
ti
m
izi
n
g
f
e
atu
r
e
m
o
d
el
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
a
n
d
co
v
er
ed
th
is
p
r
o
b
le
m
w
i
th
a
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
n
a
m
ed
G
AFES
w
h
ich
e
m
p
lo
y
s
Gen
et
ic
A
l
g
o
r
ith
m
s
to
o
p
tim
ize
f
ea
t
u
r
e
s
elec
tio
n
.
Ma
c
h
ad
o
et
al.
i
n
[
24
]
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
SP
L
C
o
n
f
ig
a
s
a
to
o
l
t
h
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
au
to
m
at
ic
p
r
o
d
u
ct
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
i
n
SP
L
s
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
g
o
al
o
f
th
is
t
o
o
l
i
s
to
d
er
iv
e
an
o
p
ti
m
ized
f
ea
t
u
r
es
s
et
t
h
at
s
atis
f
ie
s
t
h
e
cu
s
to
m
er
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
s
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
th
eir
wo
r
k
is
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
t
h
e
b
alan
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
co
s
t
a
n
d
cu
s
to
m
er
s
ati
s
f
ac
tio
n
w
h
ile
al
s
o
tak
i
n
g
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
t
h
e
a
v
a
ilab
le
b
u
d
g
et
o
f
c
u
s
to
m
er
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
s
h
o
r
tco
m
i
n
g
o
f
th
i
s
to
o
l is th
at
i
t c
o
u
ld
n
o
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t n
o
n
-
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
f
ea
t
u
r
e
s
as c
o
n
s
tr
ai
n
t
s
.
B
ato
r
y
i
n
[
25
]
d
ef
in
ed
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
to
o
l
ch
ai
n
f
o
r
p
r
o
d
u
ct
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
.
T
h
e
ch
a
in
s
tar
ts
w
it
h
a
to
o
l
th
at
u
s
e
s
a
f
ea
tu
r
e
m
o
d
el
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
to
s
p
ec
if
y
a
p
r
o
d
u
ct.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
is
m
ai
n
tai
n
e
d
in
a
L
o
g
ic
-
T
r
u
th
Ma
in
te
n
an
ce
S
y
s
te
m
(
L
T
MS
)
an
d
u
s
es
a
p
r
o
p
o
s
itio
n
al
s
atis
f
iab
ilit
y
(
S
A
T
)
s
o
lv
er
to
p
r
ev
en
t
i
n
co
n
s
i
s
te
n
t
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
f
ea
t
u
r
e
-
b
ased
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
ca
n
b
e
m
ap
p
ed
o
n
to
a
g
r
a
m
m
ar
f
r
o
m
w
h
ic
h
v
ar
io
u
s
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
p
r
o
d
u
cts.
Su
lta
n
a
et
al.
i
n
[
13
]
em
p
lo
y
ed
th
e
HT
N
p
lan
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
26
]
f
o
r
A
r
ti
f
icial
I
n
telli
g
en
ce
(
A
I
)
p
lan
n
i
n
g
an
d
d
escr
ib
ed
a
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
ased
o
n
th
is
m
et
h
o
d
.
T
h
ey
al
s
o
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
o
p
tim
a
l
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
t
h
a
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
s
ta
k
eh
o
ld
er
s
’
co
n
s
tr
a
in
ts
o
v
er
n
o
n
-
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
f
ea
tu
r
es.
6
.
2
.
Co
m
pa
ring
t
he
a
pp
ro
a
ches
T
ab
le
1
s
u
m
m
ar
ize
s
t
h
e
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
cr
iter
i
a
id
en
ti
f
ied
in
s
ec
tio
n
6
.
A
s
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
,
n
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
(
ex
ce
p
t
o
u
r
s
)
c
o
v
er
all
th
e
cr
iter
ia.
B
elo
w
,
w
e
d
escr
ib
e
ea
ch
cr
ite
r
io
n
in
d
etail.
T
ab
le
1
.
C
o
m
p
ar
ativ
e
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
r
elate
d
w
o
r
k
s
:
“
”:
cr
iter
i
o
n
m
et,
“
-
“
cr
iter
io
n
n
o
t
m
et
A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
C
r
i
t
e
r
i
a
N
F
R
O
p
t
i
mi
z
a
t
i
o
n
C
o
n
st
r
a
i
n
t
A
u
t
o
mat
i
o
n
T
o
o
l
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
T
i
me
Ef
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
I
n
f
r
a
st
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
S
t
a
g
e
d
M
e
t
h
o
d
[
2
1
]
-
-
-
-
-
-
C
S
P
[
1
1
]
-
-
-
F
C
F
[
9
]
-
-
-
-
S
P
L
C
o
n
q
u
e
r
o
r
[
2
0
]
-
-
M
U
S
C
L
E
[
1
4
]
-
-
-
-
B
D
D
[
2
2
]
-
-
-
-
-
G
A
F
ES
[
2
3
]
-
-
-
S
P
L
C
o
n
f
i
g
[
2
4
]
-
-
-
-
-
L
T
M
S
B
a
se
d
T
o
o
l
[
2
5
]
-
-
-
S
u
l
t
a
n
a
F
r
a
me
w
o
r
k
[
1
3
]
-
-
O
u
r
A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t 2
0
1
9
:
2
6
4
8
-
2
6
5
8
2656
Mo
d
elin
g
N
FR
s
:
T
h
e
m
o
d
elli
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
f
ea
t
u
r
es
i
s
a
d
ef
a
u
lt
ab
ili
t
y
o
f
a
n
y
FM.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
w
e
f
o
cu
s
o
n
NF
R
s
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
n
o
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
all
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
FM
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
.
Am
o
n
g
t
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
w
o
r
k
s
,
o
n
l
y
SP
L
C
o
n
q
u
er
o
r
[
20
]
an
d
Su
ltan
a
Fra
m
e
w
o
r
k
[
13
]
p
r
o
v
id
ed
a
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
m
o
d
ellin
g
N
FR
s
.
A
l
s
o
o
u
r
m
et
h
o
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
NF
R
s
as e
x
p
lain
ed
ea
r
l
ier
.
Op
ti
m
izatio
n
an
d
T
im
e
ef
f
ici
en
c
y
:
Ge
n
er
ati
n
g
o
p
ti
m
al
FM
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
b
ased
o
n
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
’
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
i
s
a
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
ta
s
k
.
A
l
m
o
s
t
al
l
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
tac
k
led
th
e
o
p
ti
m
izati
o
n
p
r
o
b
lem
e
x
ce
p
t
s
tag
ed
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
[
2
1
]
an
d
B
DD
[
2
2
]
b
ec
au
s
e
th
eir
m
a
in
f
o
cu
s
h
ad
b
ee
n
o
n
s
ta
k
e
h
o
ld
er
s
’
s
ati
s
f
ac
tio
n
in
s
tead
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
o
r
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
.
O
n
t
h
e
o
t
h
er
h
a
n
d
,
t
h
e
C
SP
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
[
1
1
,
13
,
20
,
21
]
p
r
o
v
id
e
o
p
tim
ized
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
b
u
t
th
e
y
r
eq
u
ir
e
h
i
g
h
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
ti
m
e.
Ou
r
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
p
r
o
v
id
es
o
p
ti
m
izat
io
n
an
d
also
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
s
t
h
e
t
i
m
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
FM
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
b
y
m
a
k
in
g
th
e
s
ta
k
e
h
o
ld
er
s
’
task
s
clea
r
to
th
e
m
an
d
also
p
r
ev
e
n
ti
n
g
r
e
w
o
r
k
o
f
task
s
.
T
h
e
latter
i
s
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
t
h
e
s
tak
e
h
o
ld
er
s
b
ein
g
n
o
ti
f
i
ed
at
an
ea
r
l
y
s
tag
e
ab
o
u
t
an
y
i
n
co
n
s
is
te
n
cies
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
eir
N
FR
s
(
in
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
la
y
er
)
a
n
d
t
h
e
av
a
il
ab
le
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
(
in
th
e
i
n
f
r
astru
c
tu
r
e
la
y
er
)
.
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
s
ta
k
e
h
o
ld
er
s
’
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
ts
:
An
FM
m
a
y
i
m
p
o
s
e
ce
r
tain
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
t
s
b
et
w
ee
n
it
s
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
.
T
h
ese
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
s
n
ee
d
to
b
e
c
o
n
s
id
e
r
ed
b
y
th
e
F
M
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
an
d
o
n
l
y
a
co
n
f
ig
u
r
at
io
n
s
ati
s
f
y
i
n
g
th
e
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
ts
m
u
s
t
b
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
.
T
ab
le
1
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
o
n
l
y
Stag
ed
m
e
th
o
d
[
21
]
,
B
B
D
[
22
]
an
d
SP
L
C
o
n
f
i
g
[
24
]
d
o
n
o
t
ad
d
r
es
s
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
s
.
O
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
allo
w
s
th
e
d
ef
i
n
itio
n
o
f
co
n
s
t
r
ain
s
b
et
w
ee
n
f
ea
t
u
r
es
i
n
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
la
y
er
as
w
ell
a
s
b
et
w
ee
n
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
in
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
an
d
i
n
f
r
astr
u
ctu
r
e
la
y
er
s
o
f
t
h
e
FM.
T
h
is
co
v
er
s
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
o
f
an
y
SP
L
p
r
o
d
u
ct
i
m
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
.
T
o
o
lin
g
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
an
d
au
to
m
a
tio
n
:
A
l
m
o
s
t
all
th
e
m
et
h
o
d
s
in
T
ab
le
1
,
ex
ce
p
t
FC
F
[
9
]
,
w
er
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
o
r
ca
n
b
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
as
an
FM
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
to
o
l
b
u
t
n
o
n
e
co
u
ld
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
co
m
p
let
e
au
to
m
at
io
n
.
O
u
r
m
et
h
o
d
an
d
Su
lta
n
a
et
al.
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
[
13
]
h
as
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
s
h
o
w
all
le
v
els
o
f
FM
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
in
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
v
i
e
w
to
s
tak
e
h
o
ld
er
s
(
Fig
u
r
e
3
)
.
Oth
er
to
o
ls
o
n
ly
p
r
o
v
id
e
b
asic
v
ie
w
s
o
f
F
M
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
to
s
ta
k
eh
o
ld
er
s
.
I
n
f
r
as
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t:
W
e
ca
n
s
tate
w
it
h
ce
r
tai
n
t
y
t
h
at
n
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
m
e
th
o
d
s
ca
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
t th
e
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
o
f
a
p
r
o
d
u
ct
an
d
al
s
o
g
u
ar
a
n
te
e
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
o
f
all
f
u
n
ct
io
n
al
a
n
d
n
o
n
-
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
s
o
f
th
e
s
tak
e
h
o
ld
er
s
.
I
n
all
p
r
ev
io
u
s
m
et
h
o
d
s
w
e
ca
n
n
o
t
f
in
d
an
y
m
e
n
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
n
ee
d
ed
f
o
r
p
r
o
d
u
ct
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
,
t
h
e
y
o
n
l
y
co
v
er
t
h
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
i
n
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
la
y
er
r
eq
u
ir
ed
b
y
th
e
s
ta
k
eh
o
ld
er
s
.
As
w
e
ca
n
s
ee
i
n
T
ab
le
1
,
o
u
r
p
r
o
s
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ca
n
co
v
er
all
t
h
e
d
e
f
in
ed
cr
iter
a.
T
h
e
Mo
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
b
e
n
ef
it
o
f
o
u
r
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
i
s
t
h
e
ea
s
e
o
f
F
M
co
nfig
ura
t
io
n
pro
ce
s
s
a
n
d
t
i
m
e
ef
f
iciency
.
T
h
e
r
ea
s
o
n
f
o
r
th
is
clai
m
i
s
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
FM
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
f
in
il
ized
in
o
n
e
-
s
tep
b
ased
o
n
av
ailab
le
n
ee
d
ed
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
.
I
n
all
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
m
e
th
o
d
s
,
s
tak
e
h
o
ld
er
s
s
elec
ted
Featu
r
es
in
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
a
n
d
i
n
t
h
e
n
ex
t
s
tep
,
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
i
n
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
w
i
ll
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
,
w
h
ich
w
ill
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
ti
m
e
ef
f
ic
ien
c
y
,
t
h
e
q
u
al
it
y
an
d
t
h
e
f
ea
s
ib
ili
t
y
o
f
i
m
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
FM
.
I
n
co
n
tr
as
t,
in
o
u
r
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
all
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
r
s
e
lctio
n
Feat
u
r
es
a
n
d
d
ec
is
io
n
ab
o
u
t n
ee
d
e
d
in
f
r
astr
u
ctu
r
e
f
o
r
i
m
p
le
m
etio
n
ca
n
b
e
d
o
n
e
in
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
-
s
tep
.
7.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
NS
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
w
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
an
o
p
en
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
i
n
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ati
o
n
m
an
a
g
e
m
en
t
o
f
SP
L
s
:
Ho
w
ca
n
w
e
g
u
ar
an
tee
t
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tat
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
d
esire
d
f
u
n
c
tio
n
al
a
n
d
esp
ec
ial
l
y
n
o
n
-
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
f
ea
t
u
r
es
th
at
m
a
y
n
ee
d
s
p
ec
ial
h
ar
d
w
a
r
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
(
e.
g
.
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
,
m
e
m
o
r
y
,
h
ar
d
d
is
k
,
n
et
w
o
r
k
in
g
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t,
etc.
)
.
T
o
an
s
w
er
t
h
is
q
u
est
io
n
,
we
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
:
i)
a
n
e
w
“
T
w
o
-
la
y
er
”
m
o
d
el
co
m
p
r
is
in
g
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
an
d
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
la
y
er
s
,
ii)
n
e
w
“
i
n
n
er
”
an
d
“
in
tr
a’
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
t
t
y
p
e
s
f
o
r
f
ea
t
u
r
e
m
o
d
elli
n
g
,
a
n
d
iii)
a
FM
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
alg
o
r
it
h
m
d
e
s
cr
ib
in
g
t
h
e
s
tep
s
i
n
v
o
l
v
ed
in
f
ea
t
u
r
e
s
elec
tio
n
lead
i
n
g
to
th
e
f
i
n
al
cu
s
to
m
ized
FM.
T
h
ese
co
n
s
tit
u
te
a
co
m
p
lete
p
ac
k
ag
e
to
tack
le
t
h
e
FM
co
n
f
ig
u
r
at
io
n
i
s
s
u
e
i
n
SP
L
E
.
A
ls
o
,
w
e
e
v
al
u
ated
o
u
r
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
u
s
in
g
a
ca
s
e
s
t
u
d
y
in
th
e
SP
L
o
f
a
s
a
m
p
le
E
-
Sh
o
p
w
eb
s
ite.
T
h
is
w
as
f
o
llo
w
e
d
b
y
a
s
y
s
te
m
ati
c
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
o
u
r
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
w
it
h
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
elate
d
w
o
r
k
s
b
ased
o
n
a
s
et
o
f
cr
iter
ia.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
s
h
o
w
t
h
at
o
u
r
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
co
u
ld
h
elp
th
e
s
ta
k
eh
o
ld
er
s
to
h
av
e
co
m
p
lete
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
ab
o
u
t
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
an
d
i
n
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
lev
els
o
f
t
h
eir
d
esire
d
p
r
o
d
u
cts
at
a
g
lan
ce
a
n
d
ch
o
o
s
e
t
h
e
f
ea
tu
r
es
i
n
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
la
y
e
r
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
in
t
h
e
in
f
r
as
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
la
y
er
.
I
n
co
n
clu
s
io
n
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
ca
n
b
e
ev
alu
a
ted
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iately
a
n
d
u
s
ed
i
n
a
n
y
C
M
to
o
l
s
f
o
r
th
e
SP
L
s
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
o
u
r
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
p
r
ev
en
ts
th
e
in
cl
u
s
io
n
o
f
n
o
n
-
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
r
eq
u
ests
f
r
o
m
s
ta
k
eh
o
ld
er
s
t
h
at
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
w
it
h
t
h
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
p
r
o
v
id
ed
in
th
e
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
la
y
er
.
As
y
et,
o
u
r
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
is
n
o
t
im
p
le
m
e
n
ted
in
an
y
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
to
o
l,
s
o
in
f
u
t
u
r
e
w
e
in
te
n
d
to
im
p
le
m
e
n
t
th
i
s
n
e
w
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
th
e
co
n
te
x
t
o
f
a
n
e
w
o
r
ex
is
t
in
g
o
p
en
s
o
u
r
ce
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t to
o
ls
f
o
r
SP
L
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
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n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
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8708
F
ea
tu
r
e
mo
d
el
co
n
fig
u
r
a
tio
n
b
a
s
ed
o
n
tw
o
-
la
ye
r
mo
d
elin
g
.
.
.
(
E
lh
a
m
Da
r
ma
n
a
ki
F
a
r
a
h
a
n
i
)
2657
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
K.
P
o
h
l,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
F
ra
m
e
w
o
rk
f
o
r
S
o
f
tw
a
r
e
P
r
o
d
u
c
t
L
in
e
En
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
,”
S
p
ri
n
g
e
r,
p
p
.
3
-
15
,
2
0
0
5
.
[2
]
P
.
Clem
e
n
ts
a
n
d
L
.
No
rth
r
o
p
,
“
S
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
P
r
o
d
u
c
t
L
in
e
s:
P
ra
c
ti
c
e
s a
n
d
P
a
t
tern
s
,”
A
d
d
iso
n
-
W
e
sle
y
,
2001
.
[3
]
S
o
m
m
e
r
v
il
le
a
n
d
P
.
S
a
wy
e
r
,
“
V
iew
p
o
in
ts:
P
ri
n
c
ip
les
,
P
r
o
b
le
m
s
a
n
d
a
P
ra
c
ti
c
a
l
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
to
Re
q
u
irem
e
n
ts
En
g
in
e
e
r
in
g
,”
An
n
a
ls
S
o
ft
wa
re
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
3
,
p
p
.
1
0
1
-
1
3
0
,
1
9
9
7
.
[4
]
J.
Bo
sc
h
,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
Us
e
S
o
f
tw
a
r
e
A
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
s:
A
d
o
p
ti
n
g
a
n
d
Ev
o
lv
in
g
a
P
ro
d
u
c
t
-
L
in
e
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
,”
A
d
d
iso
n
-
W
e
sle
y
,
2
0
0
0
.
[5
]
V.
A
lv
e
sa
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Re
q
u
irem
e
n
ts
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
F
o
r
S
o
f
tw
a
re
P
ro
d
u
c
t
L
in
e
s:
A
S
y
ste
m
a
ti
c
L
it
e
ra
tu
re
Re
v
iew
,”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
I
n
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
a
n
d
S
o
ft
w
a
re
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
5
2
.
p
p
.
8
0
6
-
8
2
0
,
2
0
1
0
.
[6
]
I.
F.
D.
S
il
v
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
o
f
t
wa
re
P
ro
d
u
c
t
L
in
e
S
c
o
p
i
n
g
a
n
d
Re
q
u
irem
e
n
ts
En
g
in
e
e
r
in
g
In
a
S
m
a
ll
a
n
d
M
e
d
iu
m
-
S
ize
d
En
terp
rise
:
A
n
In
d
u
strial
Ca
se
S
tu
d
y
,”
T
h
e
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
y
ste
ms
a
n
d
S
o
f
twa
re
,
v
o
l.
8
8
,
p
p
.
1
8
9
-
2
0
6
,
2
0
1
3
.
[7
]
S.
Be
sro
u
r
a
n
d
I.
G
h
a
n
i
,
“
M
e
a
su
rin
g
S
e
c
u
rit
y
in
Re
q
u
ire
m
e
n
ts
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
In
fo
rm
a
ti
c
s
a
n
d
Co
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
1
(
2
),
p
p
.
7
2
-
81
,
2
0
1
2
.
[8
]
D.
Be
n
a
v
id
e
s,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
u
to
m
a
ted
Re
a
so
n
in
g
o
n
F
e
a
tu
re
M
o
d
e
ls
,”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
o
f
1
7
th
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
d
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
ms
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
p
p
.
4
9
1
-
5
0
3
,
2
0
0
5
.
[9
]
J.
W
h
it
e
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
e
lec
ti
n
g
Hig
h
l
y
Op
ti
m
a
l
A
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
ra
l
F
e
a
tu
re
S
e
ts
W
it
h
F
il
tere
d
Ca
rtes
ian
F
latt
e
n
in
g
,”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
S
y
ste
ms
&
S
o
ft
wa
re
,
v
o
l.
8
2
,
p
p
.
1
2
6
8
-
1
2
8
4
,
2
0
0
9
.
[1
0
]
D.
M
a
iri
z
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
n
In
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
in
to
th
e
No
ti
o
n
o
f
No
n
-
F
u
n
c
ti
o
n
a
l
Re
q
u
irem
e
n
ts
,”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
o
f
ACM
S
y
mp
o
si
u
m o
n
A
p
p
li
e
d
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
p
p
.
3
1
1
-
3
1
7
,
2
0
1
0
.
[1
1
]
D.
Be
n
a
v
id
e
s,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Us
in
g
Ja
v
a
CS
P
S
o
lv
e
rs
in
th
e
A
u
to
m
a
ted
A
n
a
l
y
se
s
o
f
F
e
a
tu
re
M
o
d
e
ls
,”
Ge
n
e
ra
ti
v
e
a
n
d
T
ra
n
sf
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
a
l
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s in
S
o
ft
wa
re
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
p
p
.
3
9
9
-
4
0
8
,
2
0
0
6
.
[1
2
]
K.
Cz
a
rn
e
c
k
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
tag
e
d
Co
n
f
ig
u
ra
ti
o
n
Us
in
g
F
e
a
tu
re
M
o
d
e
ls
,”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
o
f
S
o
ft
wa
re
Pro
d
u
c
t
L
i
n
e
s
c
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
p
p
.
1
6
2
-
1
6
4
,
2
0
0
4
.
[1
3
]
S
.
S
u
lt
a
n
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
u
to
m
a
ted
P
l
a
n
n
in
g
f
o
r
F
e
a
tu
re
M
o
d
e
l
Co
n
f
ig
u
ra
ti
o
n
b
a
se
d
o
n
F
u
n
c
ti
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
No
n
-
F
u
n
c
ti
o
n
a
l
Re
q
u
irem
e
n
ts
,”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
o
f
1
6
th
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
o
f
twa
re
Pro
d
u
c
t
L
in
e
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
v
o
l.
1
,
p
p
.
5
6
-
65
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
4
]
M
.
Re
ise
r
a
n
d
M
.
W
e
b
e
r
,
“
M
u
l
ti
-
L
e
v
e
l
F
e
a
tu
re
T
re
e
s:
A
P
ra
g
m
a
ti
c
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
t
o
M
a
n
a
g
in
g
H
ig
h
ly
Co
m
p
lex
P
r
o
d
u
c
t
F
a
m
il
ies
,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Req
u
ire
me
n
ts E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
12
,
p
p
.
57
-
75
,
2
0
0
7
.
[1
5
]
K.
C.
Ka
n
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
F
e
a
tu
re
-
Orie
n
ted
Do
m
a
in
A
n
a
l
y
sis
(F
OD
A
)
F
e
a
sib
il
it
y
S
tu
d
y
,”
T
e
c
h
n
ica
l
Rep
o
rt
CM
U/S
EI
-
90
-
TR
-
0
2
1
,
S
EI,
Ca
rn
e
g
ie M
e
ll
o
n
Un
ive
rs
it
y
,
1
9
9
0
.
[1
6
]
G
.
Ko
to
n
y
a
a
n
d
I.
S
o
m
m
e
r
v
il
le
,
“
Re
q
u
irem
e
n
ts E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
P
ro
c
e
ss
e
s a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s
,”
Jo
h
n
W
il
e
y
&
S
o
n
s
,
1
9
9
8
.
[1
7
]
M
.
No
rian
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
No
n
-
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
a
l
P
ro
p
e
rti
e
s
in
S
o
f
tw
a
re
P
ro
d
u
c
t
L
in
e
s
:
A
T
a
x
o
n
o
m
y
f
o
r
c
las
si
f
ica
ti
o
n
,”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
o
f
2
4
th
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
S
o
ft
w
a
re
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
K
n
o
wled
g
e
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
8
]
N.
Eén
a
n
d
N.
S
ö
re
n
ss
o
n
,
“
A
n
Ex
ten
sib
le
S
A
T
S
o
lv
e
r
,”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
o
f
6
t
h
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
T
h
e
o
ry
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
o
f
S
a
ti
sfi
a
b
il
it
y
T
e
sti
n
,
L
NC
S
2
9
1
9
,
p
p
.
5
0
2
-
5
1
8
,
2
0
0
3
.
[1
9
]
E.
D.
F
a
ra
h
a
n
i
a
n
d
J.
Ha
b
ib
i
,
“
F
e
a
tu
re
M
o
d
e
l
Co
n
stra
in
ts
Co
n
t
ro
l
in
S
tag
e
Co
n
f
ig
u
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
S
o
f
twa
re
P
ro
d
u
c
t
L
in
e
s
,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
o
ft
wa
re
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Its
Ap
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
11
,
p
p
.
1
-
12
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
0
]
N.
S
ieg
m
u
n
d
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
P
L
Co
n
q
u
e
ro
r:
T
o
w
a
rd
Op
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
o
f
No
n
-
F
u
n
c
ti
o
n
a
l
P
ro
p
e
rti
e
s
in
S
o
f
twa
re
P
ro
d
u
c
t
L
in
e
s
,”
S
o
ft
wa
re
Qu
a
li
ty J
o
u
rn
a
l
,
2
0
1
1
.
[2
1
]
J.
W
h
it
e
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
u
to
m
a
ted
Re
a
s
o
n
i
n
g
f
o
r
M
u
lt
i
-
S
te
p
F
e
a
tu
re
M
o
d
e
l
Co
n
f
ig
u
ra
ti
o
n
P
ro
b
lem
s
,”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
1
3
t
h
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
o
f
twa
re
Pro
d
u
c
t
L
i
n
e
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
p
p
.
1
1
-
20
,
2
0
0
9
.
[2
2
]
M
.
M
e
n
d
o
n
ç
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
.
P
.
L
.
O.T
.
:
S
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
P
ro
d
u
c
t
L
in
e
s
On
li
n
e
T
o
o
ls
,”
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
o
f
2
4
t
h
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Ob
jec
t
-
Or
ien
ted
Pro
g
ra
mm
in
g
S
y
ste
ms
,
L
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
s a
n
d
Ap
p
li
c
a
t
io
n
s (
OO
PS
L
A)
,
p
p
.
7
6
1
-
7
6
2
,
2
0
0
9
.
[2
3
]
J.
G
u
o
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
G
e
n
e
ti
c
A
l
g
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
Op
ti
m
iz
e
d
F
e
a
tu
re
S
e
lec
ti
o
n
w
it
h
Re
so
u
rc
e
Co
n
str
a
i
n
ts
in
S
o
f
twa
re
P
r
o
d
u
c
t
L
in
e
s
,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
y
ste
ms
a
n
d
S
o
ft
wa
re
, v
o
l.
8
4
,
p
p
.
2
2
0
8
-
2
2
2
1
,
2
0
1
1
.
[2
4
]
L
.
M
a
c
h
a
d
o
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
p
lco
n
f
ig
:
P
r
o
d
u
c
t
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
ti
o
n
i
n
so
f
tw
a
r
e
p
ro
d
u
c
t
li
n
e
,”
Bra
zil
ia
n
Co
n
g
r
e
ss
o
n
S
o
ft
w
a
re
(
CBS
o
ft
),
T
o
o
ls
S
e
ss
io
n
,
p
p
.
1
-
8
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
5
]
D.
Ba
to
ry
,
“
F
e
a
tu
re
M
o
d
e
ls
G
ra
m
m
a
rs,
a
n
d
P
r
o
p
o
siti
o
n
a
l
F
o
rm
u
las
,”
P
ro
c
e
e
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
9
th
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
o
ft
wa
re
Pro
d
u
c
t
L
i
n
e
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(
S
PL
C
2
0
0
5
).
L
e
c
tu
re
No
tes
in
Co
mp
u
t
e
r
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l.
3
7
1
4
,
2
0
0
5
.
[2
6
]
S
.
S
o
h
ra
b
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
HT
N
p
lan
n
in
g
w
it
h
p
re
f
e
re
n
c
e
s
,”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
o
f
2
1
st
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
i
n
t
Co
n
fe
re
n
c
e
Arti
fi
c
ia
l
In
telli
g
e
n
c
e
,
p
p
.
1
7
9
0
-
1
7
9
7
,
2
0
0
9
.
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