I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l a
nd
Co
m
p
ute
r
E
ng
in
ee
ring
(
I
J
E
CE
)
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2020
,
p
p
.
210
~
222
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
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.
v
1
0
i
1
.
pp
2
1
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-
222
210
J
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ter
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ter
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C
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Dep
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Saad
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lab
Un
i
v
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it
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R
o
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te
So
u
m
aa
,
B
lid
a
1
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A
l
g
er
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.
E
m
ail:
k
el
m
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ao
u
i@
g
m
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co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
h
ig
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t
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a
n
d
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p
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s
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in
d
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c
tio
n
m
o
to
r
(
I
M)
th
e
m
o
s
t
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
elec
tr
ical
m
ac
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in
e
i
n
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
.
D
u
r
i
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h
is
w
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k
li
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it
s
u
f
f
er
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ltip
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lead
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to
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tato
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ter
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a
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lts
,
r
o
to
r
f
au
lt
s
o
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b
ea
r
in
g
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Stato
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to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
all
t
y
p
e
o
f
f
au
lt
s
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
s
tato
r
in
ter
-
t
u
r
n
s
h
o
r
t
cir
cu
it
(
SIT
SC
)
ca
n
b
e
in
d
u
ce
d
b
y
ex
ce
s
s
iv
e
r
ai
s
e
o
f
te
m
p
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e,
m
a
in
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ca
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s
ed
b
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p
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m
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o
r
b
y
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cr
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ed
cu
r
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en
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d
u
e
to
r
ep
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s
tar
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g
o
f
th
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M
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lo
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n
.
I
f
n
o
t
q
u
icl
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etec
ted
,
SIT
SC
ca
n
lead
to
ca
tast
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o
p
h
ic
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M
b
eh
av
io
r
.
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h
u
s
,
it
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s
m
an
d
ato
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d
etec
t SI
T
SC
at
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ea
r
l
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ta
g
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to
p
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ev
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t d
a
m
a
g
e
to
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t o
r
p
er
s
o
n
n
el
[
2
]
.
I
M
C
o
n
d
itio
n
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
r
ec
eiv
ed
a
lo
t
o
f
ef
f
o
r
t
d
u
r
in
g
last
d
ec
ad
es.
On
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
p
ar
t
w
as
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
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ti
n
g
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v
ailab
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s
ig
n
al
f
r
o
m
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M
ter
m
i
n
al,
m
ain
l
y
s
tato
r
cu
r
r
en
ts
an
d
v
o
lta
g
es.
Mo
to
r
cu
r
r
en
t
s
ig
n
at
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an
al
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s
is
(
M
C
S
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)
p
r
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ce
s
s
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s
tato
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cu
r
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en
t
s
b
y
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s
i
n
g
s
p
ec
tr
al
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a
l
y
s
is
in
o
r
d
er
t
o
d
etec
t
p
ar
ticu
lar
f
r
eq
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en
c
ies
in
d
icat
in
g
th
e
f
a
u
lt
o
cc
u
r
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en
ce
.
T
h
o
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g
h
,
h
i
g
h
s
p
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tr
al
r
eso
lu
tio
n
an
d
ac
cu
r
ate
v
alu
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o
f
t
h
e
I
M
s
lip
ar
e
r
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q
u
ir
ed
,
an
d
t
h
e
co
n
s
tan
t
s
p
ee
d
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
.
T
h
i
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
w
as
u
p
g
r
ad
ed
b
y
i
n
tr
o
d
u
cin
g
w
av
ele
t
an
al
y
s
is
w
it
h
t
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
li
m
itatio
n
s
o
f
th
e
M
C
S
A
m
et
h
o
d
[
3
]
.
Oth
er
s
tr
ateg
ies,
w
id
el
y
ap
p
lied
f
o
r
f
au
lt
d
etec
tio
n
,
ar
e
b
as
ed
o
n
n
eg
ati
v
e
-
s
eq
u
en
ce
c
u
r
r
en
t
[
4
]
o
r
n
eg
ativ
e
-
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
[
5
]
.
T
h
e
s
o
-
ca
lled
P
ar
k
‟
s
v
ec
to
r
ap
p
r
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ac
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co
m
m
o
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l
y
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s
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b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
its
i
n
h
er
e
n
t
s
i
m
p
licit
y
[
3
]
.
T
h
ese
m
et
h
o
d
s
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
e
s
tato
r
cu
r
r
en
t
s
an
d
ca
n
d
etec
t
m
is
m
atc
h
o
f
cu
r
r
e
n
t
a
m
p
lit
u
d
es
w
h
ich
ca
n
b
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ca
u
s
ed
b
y
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i
th
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f
a
u
lt
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p
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v
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m
b
ala
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w
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,
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at
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eq
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m
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p
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d
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d
b
y
t
h
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I
M
in
tr
in
s
ic
as
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m
m
etr
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a
ls
o
.
An
o
th
er
p
o
in
t
o
f
v
ie
w
is
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
[
6
]
;
th
e
b
eh
a
v
io
r
o
f
th
e
s
tato
r
cu
r
r
en
ts
a
n
d
th
e
in
n
e
r
I
M
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
in
t
h
e
ca
s
e
o
f
an
o
p
en
p
h
ase
f
au
l
t a
r
e
an
al
y
s
ed
to
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
p
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o
tectio
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
Seco
n
d
w
id
el
y
ap
lied
ap
p
r
o
a
ch
to
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M
co
n
d
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m
o
n
ito
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n
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i
s
m
o
d
el
-
b
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s
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d
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w
h
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s
ex
p
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to
p
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v
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b
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p
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f
o
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m
an
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s
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s
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FDI
is
s
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Sin
ce
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M
m
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p
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s
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m
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to
r
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I
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I
n
[
7
-
9
]
d
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I
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m
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ar
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lo
p
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tak
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f
a
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ased
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ap
p
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[
1
0
,
1
1
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.
A
d
ap
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also
p
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in
th
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[
1
2
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1
3
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.
Ho
w
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I
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[
1
4
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1
5
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,
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Kal
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Fil
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(
E
KF)
i
s
u
s
ed
to
esti
m
a
te
th
e
r
o
to
r
r
esis
ta
n
ce
,
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
d
etec
t
b
r
o
k
en
b
ar
s
.
Fo
r
s
t
ato
r
r
elate
d
f
au
lts
,
th
e
s
tate
v
ar
iab
les
an
d
s
o
m
e
I
M
m
o
d
el
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
esti
m
ated
r
ec
u
r
s
i
v
el
y
u
s
in
g
E
KF
s
allo
w
i
n
g
o
n
l
y
th
e
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
s
u
ch
f
a
u
lts
b
y
s
i
m
u
latio
n
i
n
[
1
6
,
1
7
]
.
I
n
th
i
s
w
o
r
k
a
d
ed
icate
d
I
M
m
o
d
el
i
s
elab
o
r
ated
in
w
h
ic
h
f
au
lt
f
ac
to
r
tak
e
s
SIT
SC
in
t
o
ac
co
u
n
t.
A
r
ea
l
ti
m
e
ex
te
n
d
ed
Kal
m
a
n
f
ilter
b
ased
FDI
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
o
r
d
er
to
d
etec
t
SI
T
SC
b
y
est
i
m
ati
n
g
f
a
u
lt
f
ac
to
r
an
d
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
t
h
e
f
a
u
lt
s
e
v
er
it
y
.
On
t
h
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
to
ef
f
icien
t
l
y
t
u
n
e
E
KF,
th
e
c
y
clic
m
eth
o
d
[
1
8
]
is
ap
p
lied
to
co
m
p
u
te
t
h
e
n
o
is
e
co
v
ar
ian
ce
m
atr
ices
to
o
p
tim
ize
t
h
e
E
KF
w
o
r
k
in
g
.
Un
d
e
n
iab
l
y
,
th
e
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
a
n
d
th
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
t
h
e
e
s
ti
m
atio
n
o
f
E
K
F
ar
e
h
i
g
h
l
y
i
n
f
l
u
en
c
ed
b
y
th
e
co
v
a
r
ian
ce
m
a
tr
ices
o
f
s
tate
an
d
o
u
tp
u
t n
o
is
e
s
.
A
ll
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
ts
ar
e
co
n
d
u
cte
d
o
n
a
test
-
b
ed
b
u
ilt
ar
o
u
n
d
a
d
SP
A
C
E
1
1
0
4
k
it
an
d
a
r
ew
o
u
n
d
I
M
f
ed
o
n
d
elta
co
n
n
ec
ted
.
T
h
is
I
M
c
u
s
to
m
ized
d
esig
n
allo
w
s
w
o
r
k
in
g
o
u
t
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
f
o
r
h
ea
lth
y
an
d
f
a
u
lt
y
s
itu
a
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
esu
lt
s
v
alid
ate
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
I
M
m
o
d
el.
T
h
en
,
r
esid
u
al
g
e
n
er
atio
n
i
s
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
a
n
d
p
er
m
it
s
b
o
th
t
h
e
d
ete
ctio
n
o
f
t
h
e
SIT
SC
an
d
th
e
e
v
alu
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
f
a
u
lt
s
ev
er
i
t
y
o
n
t
h
e
f
a
u
lt
y
p
h
a
s
e.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
ea
l
–
ti
m
e
q
u
a
n
t
if
icatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
f
a
u
lt
s
ev
er
it
y
in
o
r
d
er
to
d
etec
t
t
h
e
i
n
cip
ie
n
t
SIT
SC
,
to
m
ak
e
d
ec
is
io
n
o
n
s
to
p
p
in
g
o
r
n
o
t th
e
I
M
is
ac
h
iev
ed
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
an
is
ed
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
in
S
ec
tio
n
2
an
e
n
h
a
n
ce
d
I
M
m
o
d
el,
tak
i
n
g
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
o
f
SIT
SC
th
a
n
k
s
to
f
au
lt
f
ac
to
r
,
is
d
ev
elo
p
ed
.
I
n
S
ec
t
io
n
3
,
th
e
f
a
u
lt
d
etec
tio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
b
ased
o
n
E
KF
i
s
p
r
esen
ted
.
T
h
en
,
t
h
e
c
y
c
lic
m
eth
o
d
,
ap
p
lied
in
o
r
d
er
to
tu
n
e
E
KF,
an
d
t
h
e
r
e
s
id
u
al
g
e
n
er
ato
r
ar
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
.
I
n
S
ec
tio
n
4
,
n
u
m
er
ical
s
i
m
u
latio
n
a
n
d
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tat
io
n
o
n
a
d
SP
AC
E
1
1
0
4
k
it
ar
e
ill
u
s
tr
ated
,
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
th
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
v
alid
atio
n
s
o
f
th
e
I
M
m
o
d
el
an
d
th
e
E
KF
-
b
ased
FDI
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
A
co
n
clu
s
io
n
f
in
i
s
h
e
s
th
is
w
o
r
k
.
2.
I
M
M
O
DE
L
WI
T
H
S
T
AT
O
R
WI
ND
I
N
G
F
AUL
T
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
a
n
I
M
m
o
d
el
w
h
ic
h
ta
k
es
e
x
p
licitl
y
t
h
e
SIT
SC
i
n
p
h
ase
A
i
n
to
ac
co
u
n
t
is
d
ev
elo
p
ed
.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
is
u
s
ed
to
an
al
y
z
e
th
e
I
M
b
eh
av
io
r
in
h
ea
lth
y
an
d
f
a
u
lt
y
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
I
n
t
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
m
o
d
els
d
escr
ib
in
g
I
M
w
it
h
f
au
l
ts
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
m
u
ltip
li
ca
tiv
e
f
o
r
m
[
7
,
8,
12
]
o
r
in
ad
d
itiv
e
f
o
r
m
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
I
M
m
o
d
el
is
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
b
ased
o
n
th
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
(
n
o
s
a
tu
r
atio
n
o
f
m
a
g
n
etic
cir
c
u
it,
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
m
ag
n
eto
m
o
ti
v
e
f
o
r
ce
s
(
m
m
f
)
a
n
d
s
k
i
n
e
f
f
ec
t
n
e
g
lecte
d
)
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
SIT
SC
i
n
p
h
as
e
A
,
as
is
s
h
o
w
e
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
,
is
d
escr
ib
ed
b
y
t
h
e
f
a
u
lt
f
ac
t
o
r
d
ef
in
ed
b
y
(
1
)
a
n
d
is
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
t
h
e
I
M
m
o
d
el.
is
th
e
q
u
a
n
tit
y
o
f
h
ea
lt
h
y
t
u
r
n
s
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tu
r
n
s
in
t
h
e
s
tato
r
p
h
ase
A
.
(
1
)
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
h
o
r
ted
tu
r
n
s
in
p
h
ase
A
.
is
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tu
r
n
s
.
I
d
ea
lly
,
s
tan
d
s
f
o
r
th
e
f
a
u
lt
y
c
ase
an
d
s
tan
d
s
f
o
r
th
e
n
o
f
a
u
lt
y
o
n
e.
T
h
e
s
tato
r
r
esis
ta
n
ce
m
atr
ix
,
th
e
s
tato
r
in
d
u
cta
n
ce
m
at
r
ix
an
d
th
e
s
tato
r
-
r
o
to
r
m
u
tu
al
in
d
u
cta
n
ce
ar
e
m
o
d
if
ied
co
n
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
b
y
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ci
n
g
th
e
f
a
u
lt
f
ac
to
r
.
T
h
ey
ar
e
g
iv
e
n
in
t
h
e
ap
p
en
d
ix
A
.
T
h
e
r
o
to
r
r
esis
ta
n
ce
m
atr
ix
,
th
e
r
o
to
r
in
d
u
ctan
ce
m
a
tr
ix
an
d
th
e
r
o
to
r
-
s
tato
r
m
u
t
u
al
i
n
d
u
ctan
ce
ar
e
g
iv
e
n
in
t
h
e
ap
p
en
d
ix
A
al
s
o
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
s
et
o
f
eq
u
at
io
n
s
d
escr
ib
es th
e
I
M
m
o
d
el.
(
)
(
)
(
2
)
(
3
)
(
)
an
d
,
(
)
s
tan
d
f
o
r
th
e
s
tato
r
(
r
o
t
o
r
)
cu
r
r
en
ts
an
d
f
l
u
x
e
s
v
e
cto
r
s
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
an
d
s
tan
d
f
o
r
th
e
s
tato
r
an
d
r
o
to
r
v
o
ltag
es
v
ec
to
r
s
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
0
:
210
-
222
212
A
B
C
I
a
I
c
I
b
U
a
U
b
U
c
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
R
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
d
elta
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
I
M
w
it
h
SIT
C
S o
n
p
h
ase
A
B
y
u
s
in
g
(
2
)
a
n
d
(
3
)
,
cited
b
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
s
tate
eq
u
atio
n
o
f
I
M
m
o
d
el
w
h
ich
tak
e
s
t
h
e
s
tato
r
f
au
lts
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t i
s
th
e
n
g
i
v
e
n
b
y
:
(
̇
̇
)
(
*
(
*
(
*
(
4
)
W
h
er
e:
(
)
;
(
)
;
(
)
;
(
)
is
th
e
m
atr
i
x
tr
an
s
p
o
s
e.
T
h
e
m
atr
ice
s
an
d
ar
e
g
iv
en
t
h
er
ea
f
ter
:
(
)
(
̇
̇
)
,
(
)
(
̇
)
,
,
,
(
)
,
ze
r
o
m
atr
ix
.
T
h
ese
m
atr
ice
s
ar
e
n
o
t
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
a
n
d
d
ep
en
d
o
n
t
h
e
a
n
g
le
θ,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
ti
m
e
v
ar
y
in
g
.
T
o
o
b
tain
a
m
o
d
el
w
it
h
co
n
s
ta
n
t
m
atr
ices,
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
d
escr
ib
ed
b
y
(
5
)
i
s
ap
p
lied
to
(
4
)
.
T
h
is
m
atr
i
x
i
s
b
lo
c
-
d
iag
o
n
al,
i
n
v
er
tib
le
a
n
d
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al.
(
*
(
5
)
P
0
is
th
e
C
o
n
co
r
d
ia
m
a
tr
ix
a
n
d
P
1
is
th
e
ti
m
e
-
v
ar
y
i
n
g
m
atr
i
x
d
ef
in
ed
b
elo
w
.
√
(
√
√
√
√
√
+
√
(
√
√
√
,
(
6
)
T
h
e
co
ef
f
icie
n
ts
c
1
,
c
2
,
c
3,
t
1,
t
2,
an
d
t
3
ar
e
g
iv
e
n
in
t
h
e
ap
p
en
d
ix
A
.
(
̇
̇
)
(
*
(
̇
)
(
*
(
*
W
h
er
e:
(
*
(
)
,
.
̇
(
)
(
̇
)
(
)
(
*
(
)
(
7
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
R
ea
l time
o
b
s
erver
-
b
a
s
ed
s
ta
to
r
fa
u
lt d
ia
g
n
o
s
is
fo
r
I
M
(
K
h
a
d
id
ja
E
l Merr
a
o
u
i
)
213
Af
ter
o
b
v
io
u
s
ca
lcu
la
tio
n
,
t
h
e
I
M
m
o
d
el
w
h
ic
h
tak
e
s
SIT
SC
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t is o
b
tain
ed
:
{
̇
(
)
̇
(
)
̇
(
)
̇
(
)
(
8
)
W
h
er
e
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
s
tate
v
ec
to
r
is
d
ef
i
n
ed
as f
o
llo
w
:
(
)
(
)
T
h
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
(
8
)
ar
e
d
ef
in
ed
b
y
:
√
√
;
(
)
;
(
)
;
;
;
,
,
,
√
√
,
.
T
h
e
v
alu
es o
f
ar
e
g
iv
e
n
i
n
th
e
ap
p
en
d
ix
A
.
E
lectr
o
m
a
g
n
etic
to
r
q
u
e,
C
e
a
n
d
Me
ch
an
ical
eq
u
a
tio
n
ar
e
g
i
v
en
b
y
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
e
x
p
r
ess
io
n
s
:
(
(
)
)
is
t
h
e
m
o
m
e
n
t
o
f
i
n
er
tia,
is
th
e
v
is
co
u
s
f
r
ictio
n
co
e
f
f
icien
t,
an
d
is
t
h
e
p
o
le
p
air
s
n
u
m
b
er
.
an
d
ar
e
th
e
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
a
n
d
th
e
lo
ad
to
r
q
u
e
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
-
R
e
m
ar
k
1
:
I
n
th
e
ca
s
e
w
h
e
n
n
o
f
a
u
lt
o
cc
u
r
s
t
h
e
h
ea
lt
h
y
I
M
m
o
d
el
i
s
r
etr
iev
ed
an
d
-
R
e
m
ar
k
2
:
T
h
e
I
M
m
o
d
el
s
h
o
w
n
b
y
(
8
)
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
s
i
m
u
latio
n
to
o
l
w
h
ich
p
er
m
its
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
s
ev
er
a
l
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
o
f
h
ea
lth
y
a
n
d
f
au
lt
y
I
M,
av
o
id
in
g
t
h
e
in
tr
i
n
s
icall
y
d
estru
cti
v
e
n
at
u
r
e
o
f
in
te
r
-
tu
r
n
s
h
o
r
t
-
c
ir
cu
it
s
.
A
s
to
ch
as
tic
I
M
m
o
d
el
is
c
o
m
p
u
ted
tak
in
g
i
n
to
ac
co
u
n
t
o
f
n
o
is
e
e
f
f
ec
ts
o
n
s
tate
a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t
v
ar
iab
les.
T
h
e
n
o
is
es
ar
e
a
s
s
u
m
ed
to
b
e
ze
r
o
-
m
ea
n
,
w
h
i
te
a
n
d
Ga
u
s
s
ia
n
al
s
o
t
h
e
y
a
r
e
u
n
co
r
r
ela
ted
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
m
.
Un
d
er
th
e
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
t
h
at
t
h
e
r
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
an
d
is
co
n
s
ta
n
t
b
et
w
ee
n
t
w
o
s
a
m
p
lin
g
ti
m
es,
th
e
d
is
cr
etiza
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
to
c
h
asti
c
I
M
m
o
d
el
is
d
er
iv
ed
u
s
i
n
g
s
ec
o
n
d
o
r
d
er
T
ay
lo
r
ex
p
an
s
io
n
w
it
h
a
s
a
m
p
le
ti
m
e
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
f
i
n
al
I
M
m
o
d
el
(
9
)
is
u
n
d
er
a
m
u
lt
ip
licati
v
e
f
au
lt
f
o
r
m
a
n
d
i
s
s
u
p
p
o
s
ed
to
b
e
d
etec
tab
le.
I
t is
u
s
ed
to
d
esig
n
an
d
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
th
e
E
KF
f
o
r
j
o
in
tl
y
esti
m
ate
t
h
e
f
au
l
t f
ac
to
r
o
n
p
h
ase
A
a
n
d
th
e
s
tate
v
ec
to
r
.
{
(
)
(
9
)
W
h
er
e:
(
)
(
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an
d
(
)
.
an
d
is
th
e
d
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cr
etize
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ce
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d
m
ea
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m
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d
.
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is
cr
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in
p
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to
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is
:
(
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an
d
(
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.
3.
E
K
F
-
B
ASE
D
F
DI
AP
P
RO
ACH
I
n
t
h
is
s
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tio
n
,
w
e
ar
e
i
n
ter
est
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in
th
e
s
eq
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p
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a
s
a
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o
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i
s
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KF
is
a
s
to
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le
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m
ati
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o
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e
m
o
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ar
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eter
s
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I
t
i
s
p
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o
p
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ed
in
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F
DI
ap
p
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h
as
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ad
eq
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ate
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ick
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m
atio
n
.
E
KF
is
d
ev
elo
p
ed
to
esti
m
ate
s
tate
v
ar
iab
les
an
d
th
e
f
a
u
lt
f
ac
to
r
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
t
h
e
ex
ten
d
ed
s
tate
v
ec
to
r
g
iv
e
n
in
(
1
1
)
.
E
KF
alg
o
r
ith
m
ap
p
lied
f
o
r
th
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
I
M
m
o
d
el
(
9
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an
d
ex
ten
d
ed
to
f
au
lt
f
ac
to
r
,
is
g
i
v
en
b
ello
w
[
2
0
,
2
1
]
,
w
ith
t
h
e
as
s
u
m
p
tio
n
t
h
at
h
as n
o
d
y
n
a
m
ic
(
1
5
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
0
:
210
-
222
214
(
)
(
)
(
1
0
)
̂
(
̂
̂
̂
̂
̂
)
(
̂
̂
̂
̂
̂
)
(
1
1
)
a.
I
n
itializatio
n
s
tep
:
̂
(
̂
̂
̂
̂
)
(
1
2
)
b.
P
r
ed
ictio
n
s
tep
:
̂
⁄
(
̂
̂
)
(
1
3
)
⁄
(
̂
|
̂
⁄
)
(
̂
|
̂
⁄
)
(
1
4
)
W
h
er
e:
(
̂
̂
)
(
(
̂
)
)
(
1
5
)
an
d
an
d
(
)
is
t
h
e
m
atr
i
x
tr
an
s
p
o
s
e.
c.
C
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
s
o
f
E
KF
g
ai
n
s
te
p
an
d
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
s
tep
:
⁄
⁄
(
⁄
)
(
1
6
)
̂
⁄
̂
⁄
⁄
(
⁄
̂
⁄
)
;
̂
⁄
̂
⁄
(
1
7
)
d.
C
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
es
ti
m
atio
n
er
r
o
r
v
ar
ian
ce
s
tep
:
(
)
⁄
(
1
8
)
W
h
er
e:
(
̂
)
(
̂
)
is
t
h
e
m
at
h
e
m
at
ical
e
x
p
ec
tatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
c
o
v
ar
ian
ce
of
th
e
esti
m
atio
n
er
r
o
r
m
atr
ix
.
⁄
is
th
e
co
v
ar
ian
ce
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
ed
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n
er
r
o
r
m
atr
ix
.
⁄
is
th
e
E
KF
g
ain
.
is
(
5
x
5
)
id
en
tit
y
m
atr
i
x
.
A
p
p
lica
tio
n
o
f c
yc
lic
meth
o
d
f
o
r
tu
n
in
g
E
K
F
T
h
e
ac
cu
r
ate
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
tate
a
n
d
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
n
o
is
e
co
v
ar
ian
ce
m
atr
ice
s
is
e
s
s
en
tia
l
f
o
r
th
e
g
o
o
d
f
u
n
c
tio
n
i
n
g
o
f
E
KF
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
T
r
ial
-
an
d
-
er
r
o
r
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
E
KF
t
u
n
in
g
i
s
c
o
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
b
u
t
ca
n
b
e
ted
io
u
s
.
T
o
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
i
s
s
it
u
atio
n
,
h
e
u
r
is
tic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
s
u
c
h
a
s
a
Me
m
e
t
i
c
alg
o
r
it
h
m
[
2
2
]
,
P
SO
alg
o
r
it
h
m
[
2
0
]
o
r
Gen
e
tic
al
g
o
r
ith
m
[
2
3
]
w
er
e
u
s
ed
to
au
to
m
atica
ll
y
o
p
ti
m
ize
b
o
th
t
h
e
s
tate
a
n
d
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
n
o
is
e
m
a
tr
ices.
I
n
th
is
w
o
r
k
,
t
h
e
c
y
clic
m
eth
o
d
[
1
8
]
,
w
h
ic
h
is
a
s
i
m
p
le
an
d
an
ef
f
icie
n
t
tech
n
iq
u
e,
is
ap
p
lied
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
al
s
tate
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
n
o
is
e
s
.
I
t
w
as
u
s
ed
in
[
1
8
]
to
s
o
lv
e
th
e
o
p
ti
m
izat
io
n
p
r
o
b
lem
e
n
co
u
n
ter
ed
i
n
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
I
d
en
tif
icat
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
S
w
itc
h
ed
-
r
elu
ctan
ce
m
ac
h
i
n
e.
T
h
e
co
v
ar
ian
ce
o
f
th
e
s
tate
n
o
is
e
m
atr
i
x
is
ass
u
m
ed
to
b
e
a
co
n
s
tan
t
d
iag
o
n
al
m
at
r
ix
an
d
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t n
o
i
s
e
a
co
n
s
tan
t v
ec
to
r
.
(
)
;
(
)
T
h
e
cy
clic
tech
n
iq
u
e
u
s
e
ea
ch
co
o
r
d
in
ate
o
f
th
e
v
ec
to
r
(
1
9
)
,
s
u
cc
e
s
s
i
v
el
y
,
as
th
e
s
ea
r
c
h
d
ir
ec
tio
n
in
o
r
d
er
t
o
m
i
n
i
m
ize
t
h
e
co
s
t f
u
n
ctio
n
(
2
0
)
as d
escr
ib
ed
in
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
o
f
t
h
e
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
.
(
)
(
1
9
)
W
h
er
e
,
an
d
ar
e
th
e
s
tate
n
o
i
s
e
au
to
-
co
v
ar
ia
n
ce
o
f
th
e
p
h
ase
s
tato
r
c
u
r
r
en
ts
,
f
l
u
x
es
a
n
d
f
au
l
t
f
ac
to
r
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
is
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t a
u
to
-
co
v
ar
ian
ce
.
T
h
e
E
KF p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
is
e
v
al
u
ated
b
y
th
e
co
s
t
f
u
n
ct
io
n
g
iv
en
in
(
2
0
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
R
ea
l time
o
b
s
erver
-
b
a
s
ed
s
ta
to
r
fa
u
lt d
ia
g
n
o
s
is
fo
r
I
M
(
K
h
a
d
id
ja
E
l Merr
a
o
u
i
)
215
∑
(
̂
)
(
̂
)
(
2
0
)
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
a
m
p
l
es
b
y
o
n
e
iter
atio
n
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
(
)
an
d
esti
m
ated
(
̂
̂
)
s
tato
r
cu
r
r
en
t
s
ar
e
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
t
h
e
co
s
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
Firstl
y
,
th
e
E
KF
tu
n
i
n
g
m
et
h
o
d
b
y
th
e
c
y
cl
i
c
alg
o
r
ith
m
i
s
ap
p
lied
in
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
h
ea
l
th
y
I
M,
as
p
r
es
en
ted
in
t
h
e
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
Nu
m
er
o
u
s
iter
atio
n
s
ar
e
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
to
t
h
e
c
y
cli
c
al
g
o
r
ith
m
to
r
ea
ch
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
al
s
o
l
u
tio
n
;
t
h
u
s
,
it
m
u
s
t
b
e
r
u
n
o
f
f
lin
e
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
d
ata
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
o
n
t
h
e
te
s
t
-
b
en
c
h
.
T
h
en
,
th
e
co
m
p
u
ted
v
al
u
es
o
f
an
d
ar
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
th
e
E
KF
to
esti
m
ate,
o
n
lin
e,
t
h
e
e
x
ten
d
ed
s
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it
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aise
s
to
0
.
0
3
7
5
an
d
to
0
.
0
4
5
f
o
r
3
0
tu
r
n
s
(
5
.
6
8
%).
T
h
ese
r
esid
u
al
v
al
u
es
ar
e
s
elec
ted
in
s
tead
y
s
tate
o
f
r
es
id
u
al
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
6
(
b
)
to
Fig
u
r
e
8
(
b
)
.
I
d
ea
lly
,
th
e
p
r
o
v
o
k
ed
SIT
SC
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
v
alu
e
s
o
f
(
)
s
h
o
wn
i
n
T
ab
le
1
.
C
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
es
u
lt
s
,
a
litt
le
a
n
d
co
n
s
ta
n
t
o
f
f
s
et
ap
p
air
s
.
I
t is d
u
to
n
o
n
m
o
d
eled
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t e
r
r
o
r
s
.
I
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
(
c)
,
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
(
c)
a
n
d
Fi
g
u
r
e
8
(
c
)
,
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
an
d
f
ilt
er
ed
s
tato
r
c
u
r
r
en
ts
ar
e
g
i
v
en
.
E
ac
h
o
n
e
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
tato
r
cu
r
r
e
n
t
i
n
th
e
p
h
a
s
e
A
,
o
n
ce
th
e
SIT
SC
w
a
s
p
r
o
v
o
k
ed
.
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
d
)
,
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
d
)
a
n
d
Fig
u
r
e
8
(
d
)
,
th
e
n
eg
ati
v
e
s
eq
u
en
ce
c
u
r
r
en
t,
th
at
ill
u
s
tr
ate
th
e
tr
an
s
ie
n
t
an
d
s
tead
y
s
ta
te,
ar
e
also
g
iv
e
n
i
n
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
s
it
u
atio
n
.
I
n
h
ea
lth
y
I
M
th
e
n
e
g
ati
v
e
s
eq
u
en
ce
c
u
r
r
en
t is ab
o
u
t 5
4
m
A
.
On
ce
t
h
e
SIT
SC
o
f
6
t
u
r
n
s
i
s
p
r
o
v
o
k
ed
it
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
to
1
0
0
m
A
;
f
o
r
2
4
SIT
SC
it
g
r
o
w
s
to
1
5
3
m
A
a
n
d
to
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
R
ea
l time
o
b
s
erver
-
b
a
s
ed
s
ta
to
r
fa
u
lt d
ia
g
n
o
s
is
fo
r
I
M
(
K
h
a
d
id
ja
E
l Merr
a
o
u
i
)
217
1
8
3
m
A
i
n
t
h
e
ca
s
e
o
f
3
0
SIT
SC
.
T
h
ese
r
es
u
lt
s
co
n
f
ir
m
cle
ar
l
y
t
h
e
SIT
SC
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
th
e
r
is
e
o
f
th
e
n
e
g
ati
v
e
s
eq
u
en
ce
c
u
r
r
en
t.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
6.
I
M
in
Hea
lth
y
ca
s
e
a
n
d
SIT
SC
o
f
6
tu
r
n
s
,
(
a)
̂
in
h
e
alth
y
I
M
ca
s
e
an
d
in
SIT
SC
o
f
6
tu
r
n
s
,
(
b
)
R
esid
u
al
,
(
c)
Fil
tr
ed
s
tato
r
cu
r
r
en
ts
,
(
d
)
Neg
ati
v
e
s
eq
u
e
n
c
e
cu
r
r
en
ts
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
I
M
in
h
ea
lt
h
y
ca
s
e
an
d
in
SIT
SC
o
f
2
4
tu
r
n
s
,
(
a)
̂
in
h
ea
lt
h
y
I
M
ca
s
e
an
d
i
n
SIT
SC
o
f
6
tu
r
n
s
,
(
b
)
R
esid
u
al
(c
)
Fil
tr
ed
s
tato
r
cu
r
r
en
ts
,
(
d
)
Neg
ati
v
e
s
eq
u
e
n
c
e
cu
r
r
en
ts
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
0
:
210
-
222
218
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
I
M
in
h
ea
lt
h
y
ca
s
e
an
d
in
SIT
SC
o
f
3
0
tu
r
n
s
,
(
a)
̂
in
h
ea
lt
h
y
I
M
ca
s
e
an
d
i
n
SIT
SC
o
f
3
0
tu
r
n
s
,
(
b
)
R
esid
u
al,
(
c)
Fil
tr
ed
s
tato
r
cu
r
r
en
ts
,
(
d
)
Neg
ati
v
e
s
eq
u
e
n
c
e
cu
r
r
en
ts
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
(
a)
̂
in
h
ea
l
th
y
I
M
ca
s
e
an
d
in
SIT
SC
o
f
6
an
d
3
0
tu
r
n
s
,
(
b
)
R
esid
u
al
,
(
c)
No
f
iltre
d
s
tato
r
cu
r
r
en
ts
i
n
h
ea
lt
h
y
I
M
an
d
i
n
6
an
d
3
0
SI
T
SC
,
(
d
)
Fil
tr
ed
s
tato
r
cu
r
r
en
ts
in
h
ea
lt
h
y
I
M
a
n
d
in
6
an
d
3
0
SI
T
SC
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
R
ea
l time
o
b
s
erver
-
b
a
s
ed
s
ta
to
r
fa
u
lt d
ia
g
n
o
s
is
fo
r
I
M
(
K
h
a
d
id
ja
E
l Merr
a
o
u
i
)
219
T
h
e
s
ce
n
ar
io
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
f
o
r
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
et
o
f
f
a
u
lt
is
a
s
f
o
llo
w
s
:
th
e
I
M
is
r
u
n
h
ea
lt
h
y
(
w
it
h
o
u
t
SIT
SC
)
,
af
ter
3
.
1
2
s
ec
o
n
d
s
a
f
a
u
lt
o
f
6
SIT
SC
is
p
r
o
v
o
k
ed
,
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
a
f
a
u
lt
o
f
3
0
SIT
SC
at
ab
o
u
t
4
.
9
s
ec
o
n
d
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
(
a
)
to
Fig
u
r
e
9
(
b
)
illu
s
tr
ate
th
e
o
b
tai
n
ed
r
esu
lts
b
y
t
h
e
test
-
b
en
c
h
.
T
h
e
f
a
u
lt
f
ac
to
r
̂
is
w
ell
e
s
ti
m
ated
b
y
E
KF;
m
o
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
r
esid
u
al
in
d
icate
s
clea
r
l
y
t
h
e
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
o
f
th
e
f
a
u
lt
s
(
Fau
l
t
d
etec
tio
n
)
.
T
h
e
g
r
o
w
th
o
f
th
e
f
au
lt is
w
e
ll tr
ac
k
ed
b
y
t
h
e
r
esi
d
u
al
,
w
h
ic
h
esti
m
ate
s
its
s
e
v
e
r
it
y
.
T
h
e
th
r
ee
-
p
h
a
s
e
s
tato
r
cu
r
r
en
ts
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
d
u
r
in
g
th
i
s
ex
p
er
i
en
ce
an
d
t
h
e
f
i
lter
ed
o
n
es
ar
e
g
iv
e
n
b
y
th
e
Fi
g
u
r
e
9
(
c
)
an
d
Fi
g
u
r
e
9
(
d
)
.
T
h
e
r
ep
er
cu
s
s
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
v
o
k
ed
6
SIT
SC
o
n
t
h
e
r
e
w
o
u
n
d
I
M
ap
p
ea
r
s
b
y
a
litt
le
r
is
e
o
n
t
h
e
m
ag
n
it
u
d
e
o
f
th
e
f
a
u
lt
y
p
h
a
s
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
.
On
t
h
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
m
a
g
n
it
u
d
e
o
f
th
e
p
h
a
s
e
u
n
d
er
a
3
0
SI
T
SC
in
cr
ea
s
es
m
o
r
e.
Desp
ite
o
f
t
h
e
litt
le
j
u
m
p
o
f
t
h
e
s
tato
r
cu
r
r
en
t
d
u
e
to
6
SIT
SC
,
th
e
e
v
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
th
e
f
a
u
lt
s
e
v
er
it
y
s
h
o
w
s
c
lear
l
y
th
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
th
is
s
it
u
atio
n
a
n
d
th
e
h
ea
t
h
y
I
M
.
T
h
is
f
ac
t
is
m
o
r
e
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
in
th
e
r
es
id
u
al
,
w
h
ich
i
s
m
o
r
e
i
n
ter
est
in
g
i
n
th
e
s
en
s
e
th
at,
it
i
n
d
icate
s
th
e
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
a
n
d
th
e
s
e
v
er
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
f
a
u
lt.
T
h
e
r
esid
u
al
o
b
tain
ed
,
in
h
ea
lth
y
s
it
u
atio
n
,
is
clo
s
e
to
ze
r
o
,
th
is
is
d
u
e
to
th
e
g
o
o
d
tu
n
in
g
o
f
E
KF
b
y
th
e
c
y
clic
m
e
th
o
d
.
T
h
e
m
e
asu
r
ed
s
tato
r
c
u
r
r
en
ts
in
th
e
s
a
m
e
f
au
lt
co
n
d
itio
n
an
d
b
e
f
o
r
e
f
ilter
i
n
g
ar
e
g
i
v
e
n
b
y
Fig
u
r
e
9
(
c
)
.
T
h
e
y
ill
u
s
tr
at
e,
in
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
th
e
r
is
e
o
f
th
e
p
h
ase
d
a
m
a
g
ed
cu
r
r
en
t
t
h
e
d
ef
o
r
m
atio
n
d
u
e
t
o
th
e
n
o
is
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic.
I
n
all
ca
s
e
s
o
f
SIT
SC
co
n
s
id
er
ed
ab
o
v
e,
th
e
r
esu
l
ts
s
h
o
w
th
e
g
o
o
d
esti
m
atio
n
o
f
th
e
f
a
u
lt
f
ac
to
r
an
d
th
e
r
esid
u
al
s
in
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
v
alu
es
cited
in
t
h
e
T
ab
le
1
;
th
is
m
et
h
o
d
p
er
m
i
ts
th
e
ad
eq
u
ate
ev
al
u
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
f
au
lt se
v
er
it
y
a
n
d
th
e
ea
r
l
y
d
et
ec
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
SIT
SC
.
5
.
2
.
Co
m
pa
ra
is
o
n a
nd
di
s
cus
s
io
n
I
n
th
ese
s
ec
tio
n
,
r
es
u
lt
s
o
f
[
1
0
]
ar
e
r
ev
ie
w
ed
in
o
r
d
er
to
h
ig
h
l
ig
h
t
t
h
e
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
o
f
th
e
FDI
b
ased
E
KF
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
is
w
o
r
k
.
I
n
[
1
0
]
a
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
,
af
f
i
n
e
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t
to
th
e
SIT
SC
h
a
s
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
.
A
s
lid
i
n
g
m
o
d
e
o
b
s
er
v
er
is
d
esig
n
ed
,
b
ased
o
n
t
h
is
I
M
m
o
d
el
i
n
t
h
e
n
o
f
au
l
t
ca
s
e.
R
esid
u
a
ls
g
e
n
er
ato
r
is
c
o
n
s
tr
u
cted
o
n
t
h
e
b
asis
o
f
t
h
e
er
r
o
r
b
etw
ee
n
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
s
ig
n
al
s
(
th
e
t
h
r
ee
p
h
ase
cu
r
r
en
ts
)
an
d
v
ar
iab
le
s
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
b
y
th
e
s
lid
in
g
m
o
d
e
o
b
s
er
v
er
.
W
h
er
e
:
(
)
,
(
̂
̂
̂
)
an
d
r
i
ill
u
s
tr
ates
t
h
e
r
esid
u
al
eq
u
i
v
ale
n
t
to
t
h
e
p
h
ase
i
(
i
=a
,
b
o
r
c)
.
n
i,
is
th
e
r
atio
n
o
f
SIT
SC
in
p
h
a
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