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I
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4
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A
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6
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
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2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
6
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
6
:
2
5
4
5
–
2
5
5
6
2546
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s
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n
g
E
MT
P
,
w
h
ich
w
as
d
ev
elo
p
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
i
n
v
er
s
e
f
a
s
t
Fo
u
r
ier
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
(
I
FF
T
)
.
T
h
is
w
a
s
ap
p
lied
to
s
tu
d
y
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
o
f
li
g
h
t
n
in
g
p
r
o
tectio
n
g
r
o
u
n
d
an
d
t
h
e
ef
f
e
cts
o
f
ch
ar
g
e
t
h
at
d
is
p
er
s
in
g
i
n
to
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
[
5
]
.
I
n
2
0
0
5
,
t
h
e
tr
an
s
ien
t,
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
li
g
h
t
n
in
g
o
n
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
l
in
e,
o
n
g
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
w
as
s
i
m
u
lated
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
f
i
n
ite
d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
ti
m
e
d
o
m
ai
n
(
FDT
D)
m
et
h
o
d
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
w
er
e
d
ep
en
d
ed
o
n
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
s
o
f
co
n
d
u
cto
r
len
g
t
h
s
a
n
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
g
r
id
’
s
s
izes
[
6
]
.
R
ec
en
tl
y
,
C
u
r
r
en
t
Di
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
i
n
E
ar
th
a
n
d
Gr
o
u
n
d
in
g
S
y
s
te
m
(
C
DE
GS
)
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
h
a
s
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
f
o
r
illu
s
tr
atin
g
t
h
e
t
h
r
ee
-
d
i
m
e
n
ti
o
n
al
(
3
D)
p
lo
ts
o
f
p
o
w
er
p
la
n
t
g
r
o
u
n
d
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
th
at
w
as
ex
p
o
s
ed
to
t
h
e
lig
h
tn
in
g
c
u
r
r
en
t
.
T
h
e
r
es
u
lt
s
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
t
h
at
t
h
e
s
p
atial
d
i
s
t
r
ib
u
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
s
ca
lar
p
o
ten
tia
ls
a
n
d
th
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
s
w
er
e
lar
g
el
y
af
f
ec
ted
[
7
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
s
ev
er
it
y
o
f
lig
h
t
n
i
n
g
s
tr
ik
eo
n
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
li
n
e
to
w
er
an
d
n
ea
r
b
y
g
a
s
p
ip
eli
n
e
w
a
s
ex
p
lo
r
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
P
o
w
er
S
y
s
te
m
C
o
m
p
u
ter
A
id
ed
Desig
n
(
P
SC
A
D)
an
d
C
DE
GS
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
,
an
d
C
DE
G
S c
o
u
ld
g
iv
e
m
o
r
e
p
r
ec
is
e
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
t o
f
s
o
il st
r
u
ct
u
r
e
o
n
in
d
u
ce
d
v
o
ltag
e
[
8
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
r
esear
ch
ai
m
e
d
to
an
aly
ze
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
o
v
e
r
v
o
ltag
e
o
n
g
r
o
u
n
d
g
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
s
o
f
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
s
u
b
s
tatio
n
s
b
y
e
x
a
m
in
in
g
t
h
e
o
v
er
v
o
ltag
e
o
cc
u
r
r
in
g
at
v
ar
io
u
s
p
o
s
itio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
g
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
s
i
n
t
w
o
ca
s
es,
s
i
n
g
le
a
n
d
t
w
o
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
in
g
s
u
b
s
tatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
o
v
er
v
o
ltag
e
th
at
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
at
v
ar
io
u
s
p
o
s
it
io
n
s
w
a
s
s
i
m
u
lated
an
d
o
b
s
er
v
ed
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
alter
n
ate
tr
an
s
ie
n
t
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
(
A
T
P
)
/elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
tr
an
s
ien
ts
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
(
E
MT
P
)
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e.
Mo
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
tan
tl
y
,
t
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
p
atter
n
s
o
f
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
o
n
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
g
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
s
w
er
e
also
an
a
l
y
ze
d
i
n
3
-
D
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
A
NSY
S (
Ma
x
w
el
l 3
D)
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Su
bs
t
a
t
io
n
G
ro
un
di
ng
Sy
s
t
e
m
T
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
g
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
s
o
f
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
s
u
b
s
tat
io
n
s
ar
e
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
f
o
r
p
r
ev
en
t
in
g
t
h
e
s
u
b
s
ta
tio
n
s
f
r
o
m
an
y
d
a
m
a
g
e
s
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
f
a
u
lt
c
u
r
r
en
t
o
r
tr
an
s
ie
n
t,
esp
ec
iall
y
w
h
ic
h
m
a
y
af
f
ec
t
t
h
e
s
ta
f
f
s
a
n
d
a
v
ar
iet
y
o
f
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
i
n
s
id
e
th
e
s
u
b
s
tat
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
g
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
i
n
cl
u
d
es
all
th
e
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
g
r
o
u
n
d
i
n
g
f
ac
ilit
ie
s
,
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
o
v
er
h
ea
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
w
ir
es,
g
r
o
u
n
d
g
r
id
s
,
n
e
u
tr
al
co
n
d
u
cto
r
s
,
an
d
u
n
d
er
g
r
o
u
n
d
ca
b
les [
9
].
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
ed
a
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
s
q
u
ar
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
g
r
id
th
a
t
w
a
s
d
esi
g
n
ed
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
I
E
E
E
Std
.
8
0
-
2
0
0
0
[
10
]
.
I
ts
d
im
en
s
io
n
w
as 1
8
×
1
8
m
eter
s
w
h
ic
h
co
n
tai
n
i
n
g
4
5
g
r
o
u
n
d
r
o
d
s
.
T
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
g
r
id
w
a
s
b
u
r
ied
0
.
5
m
e
ter
u
n
d
er
s
o
il
s
u
r
f
ac
e.
T
h
e
s
o
il
r
esi
s
ti
v
it
y
w
a
s
1
0
Ω
-
m
.
T
h
e
r
es
is
ta
n
ce
o
f
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
m
ater
ial
la
y
er
ed
at
t
h
ic
k
n
e
s
s
o
f
0
.
1
m
w
as
3
0
0
0
Ω
-
m
.
T
h
e
co
n
d
u
cto
r
’
s
cr
o
s
s
s
ec
tio
n
al
ar
e
a
w
a
s
9
5
m
m
2
.
T
h
e
len
g
th
o
f
ea
c
h
g
r
o
u
n
d
r
o
d
w
a
s
3
m
eter
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
f
a
u
lt
cu
r
r
en
t
at
2
0
k
A
m
a
g
n
it
u
d
e
w
as
d
esi
g
n
a
ted
to
f
lo
w
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
co
n
d
u
cto
r
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Sq
u
ar
e
Gr
o
u
n
d
Gr
id
S
y
s
t
e
m
W
it
h
Gr
o
u
n
d
R
o
d
s
f
o
r
Sin
g
le
S
u
b
s
tatio
n
2
.
2
.
Def
ini
t
io
ns
o
f
T
o
lera
ble
Vo
lt
a
g
e
2
.
2
.
1
.
F
a
ult
Curre
nt
Div
is
io
n F
a
ct
o
r
Fau
lt
c
u
r
r
en
t
d
i
v
is
io
n
f
ac
to
r
is
a
f
ac
to
r
t
h
at
s
h
o
w
i
n
g
t
h
e
in
v
er
s
ed
r
atio
o
f
th
e
s
y
m
m
et
r
ical
f
au
lt
cu
r
r
en
t to
th
at
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
w
h
ich
f
lo
w
i
n
g
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
g
r
id
an
d
t
h
e
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
in
g
s
o
il.
2
.
2
.
2
.
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
G
r
id Curr
e
nt
Ma
x
i
m
u
m
g
r
id
cu
r
r
en
t
i
s
t
h
e
m
u
ltip
licatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
d
ec
r
e
m
en
t
f
ac
to
r
f
o
r
th
e
e
n
tire
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
f
au
lt
an
d
r
m
s
s
y
m
m
etr
ical
g
r
id
cu
r
r
en
t.
I
t
ca
n
also
b
e
ca
lc
u
lated
b
y
m
u
ltip
licatio
n
b
et
wee
n
t
h
e
d
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r
e
m
e
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f
ac
to
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en
tire
d
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r
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n
o
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f
a
u
lt a
n
d
ze
r
o
-
sq
u
ar
e
f
au
l
t c
u
r
r
en
t.
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G
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GP
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m
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tr
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v
o
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s
g
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2
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4
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p Vo
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Step
v
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if
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e
o
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r
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b
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s
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d
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v
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o
f
f
a
u
lt
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u
r
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en
t.
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v
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ca
lc
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th
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ce
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b
et
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th
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f
ee
t.
2
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2
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5
.
T
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lt
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T
o
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ch
v
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ltag
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is
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h
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d
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f
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er
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n
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g
r
o
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v
o
ltag
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e
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d
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n
to
u
ch
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s
a
g
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o
u
n
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tr
u
ctu
r
e.
2
.
3
.
L
a
y
do
w
n
M
a
t
er
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o
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S
o
il Surf
a
ce
ins
ide S
ub
s
t
a
t
io
n
T
h
e
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in
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s
u
r
f
ac
e
in
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s
u
b
s
tatio
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m
u
s
t
co
n
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n
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h
e
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at
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ig
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]
.
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u
r
e
2
.
Gr
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d
Gr
id
S
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te
m
w
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Sp
r
in
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y
d
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w
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Ma
t
er
ial
2
.
4
.
Desig
n o
f
E
qu
a
t
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f
o
r
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ro
un
din
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r
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o
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m
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x
i
m
u
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GP
R
an
d
th
e
o
th
er
i
m
p
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r
tan
t p
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m
eter
s
co
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ld
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
b
y
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
s
t
ep
s
:
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y
,
th
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
g
r
id
c
u
r
r
en
t
w
as c
alc
u
lated
b
y
th
e
eq
u
atio
n
s
1
an
d
2
as f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
:
(
1
)
(
2
)
Fro
m
th
at,
t
h
e
f
a
u
lt c
u
r
r
en
t d
i
v
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io
n
f
ac
to
r
co
u
ld
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o
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tain
e
d
b
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t
h
e
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3
as
f
o
llo
w
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n
g
:
(
3
)
T
h
en
,
th
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g
r
o
u
n
d
p
o
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tial r
is
e
(
GP
R
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ld
b
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ca
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lated
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ltip
lica
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ax
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m
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te
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n
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.
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h
e
r
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d
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n
g
s
y
s
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co
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ld
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o
b
tain
ed
b
y
t
h
e
eq
u
atio
n
5
as
f
o
llo
w
in
g
:
(
4
)
*
√
(
√
)
+
(
5
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
6
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
6
:
2
5
4
5
–
2
5
5
6
2548
T
h
e
to
ler
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tep
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m
an
w
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ler
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f
5
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b
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at
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s
6
-
7
a
n
d
8
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9
,
r
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y
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as f
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g
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(
6
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√
(
7
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√
(
8
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√
(
9
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m
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h
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ld
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la
ted
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a
tio
n
s
1
0
an
d
1
1
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llo
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g
:
(
1
0
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(
1
1
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y
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n
d
d
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s
f
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r
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ab
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as b
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w
:
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=
ar
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f
g
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n
d
g
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id
s
=
f
au
lt c
u
r
r
en
t d
i
v
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io
n
f
ac
to
r
=
r
m
s
s
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m
e
tr
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id
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ac
to
r
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ze
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o
-
s
eq
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en
ce
f
au
lt c
u
r
r
en
t
=
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
r
m
s
c
u
r
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t
f
lo
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ar
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(
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t f
ac
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f
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d
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(
s
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(
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m
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m
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h
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ti
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f
ac
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d
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s
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r
ec
tiv
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f
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f
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r
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r
en
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eg
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lar
it
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ti
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th
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f
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g
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(
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n
d
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d
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v
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to
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i
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co
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r
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ec
ti
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le
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g
th
o
f
f
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s
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v
o
ltag
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(
m
)
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
f
r
o
m
ca
lcu
latio
n
b
y
all
th
e
ab
o
v
e
f
o
r
m
u
las
w
er
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
d
r
a
w
i
n
g
th
e
f
lo
w
ch
a
r
t [
1
1
]
an
d
d
esig
n
in
g
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
g
r
id
s
y
s
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e
m
s
o
f
h
i
g
h
v
o
lta
g
e
s
u
b
s
tatio
n
s
(
Fig
u
r
e
3
)
.
Fro
m
t
h
e
eq
u
atio
n
s
1
to
5
,
GP
R
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
eq
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n
t to
5
.
1
3
0
k
V.
T
h
is
GP
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v
alu
e
w
a
s
u
s
ed
f
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p
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th
t
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r
es
u
lts
o
b
tai
n
ed
f
r
o
m
s
i
m
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lat
io
n
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
A
T
P
/EM
T
P
an
d
A
NSY
S (
Ma
x
w
ell)
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
Ove
r
vo
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Gro
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f S
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(
K
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n
a
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2549
C
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Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Si
m
u
latio
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Flo
w
C
h
ar
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o
r
Desi
g
n
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t
h
e
Gr
o
u
n
d
Gr
id
S
y
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te
m
3.
G
RO
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G
R
I
D
SI
M
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A
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I
O
NS
3
.
1
.
G
ro
un
d
G
ri
d Si
m
u
la
t
io
ns
us
ing
AT
P
/
E
M
T
P
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
g
r
id
s
y
s
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m
(
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
)
,
th
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
,
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d
th
e
ca
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n
u
s
i
n
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s
i
m
u
lat
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n
f
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w
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t (
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g
u
r
e
3
)
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all
r
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e
m
o
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el
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Fig
u
r
e
4.
Mo
d
el
o
f
Gr
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u
n
d
Gr
id
S
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
A
T
P
/EM
T
P
P
r
o
g
r
a
m
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Vo
ltag
e
Di
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
(
a)
o
n
Diag
o
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I
SS
N
:
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0
8
8
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I
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E
C
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Vo
l.
6
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No
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6
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er
2
0
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6
:
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5
4
5
–
2
5
5
6
2550
By
A
T
P
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w
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th
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r
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as sh
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n
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Fig
u
r
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5
an
d
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.
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a)
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u
r
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6
.
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Dis
tr
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u
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a)
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3
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2
.
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m
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ANSY
S
3
.
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.
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4
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s
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.
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.
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a)
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
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I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
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8708
Ove
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vo
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ffects o
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d
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f S
in
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Hig
h
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2551
B
y
A
N
SYS
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a)
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3
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11.
Hig
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Fig
u
r
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11.
Mo
d
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f
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Neig
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w
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
6
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
6
:
2
5
4
5
–
2
5
5
6
2552
A
l
s
o
,
th
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s
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m
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latio
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NS
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
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8708
Ove
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vo
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(
K
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n
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Lu
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tta
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a
)
2553
4.
RE
SU
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