I
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rna
t
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l J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l a
nd
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m
pu
t
er
E
ng
ineering
(
I
J
E
CE
)
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
1
,
p
p
.
2680
~
2
6
8
7
I
SS
N:
2088
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11
i
3
.
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2680
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Predic
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t
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h
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t
a
ll
o
w
e
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rly
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e
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ifi
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
wa
ter
stre
ss
in
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a
n
p
a
lm
c
o
u
l
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g
e
n
e
ra
t
e
a
lo
ss
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h
e
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n
v
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stm
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n
t
m
a
d
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n
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h
e
fe
rti
li
z
a
ti
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o
f
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h
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c
ro
p
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c
a
u
se
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n
i
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re
a
se
in
d
ise
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se
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a
n
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sc
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to
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a
c
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o
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s in
fe
m
a
le fl
o
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rs t
h
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t
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ld
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d
to
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e
c
re
a
se
s
in
p
ro
d
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c
ti
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th
is
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rk
,
a
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re
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ify
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rm
a
ti
o
n
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n
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a
n
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lm
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ts.
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o
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n
d
,
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stu
d
y
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s
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a
rried
o
u
t
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a
n
o
il
p
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lm
p
lan
tati
o
n
wh
e
re
trea
tme
n
ts
we
re
e
sta
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li
sh
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d
wit
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3
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n
g
e
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o
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m
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wa
s
fo
u
n
d
t
h
a
t
th
e
i
n
d
ice
s
w
it
h
t
h
e
h
ig
h
e
st
c
o
rre
latio
n
with
t
h
e
b
io
p
h
y
sic
a
l
v
a
riab
le
so
il
m
o
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re
we
re
:
ND
VI_
1
a
n
d
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VI_
1
6
f
o
r
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1
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6
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d
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2
0
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o
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trea
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t
3
.
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in
a
ll
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t
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e
th
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ial
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ti
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o
f
P
e
a
rso
n
R^
2
=
0
.
7
3
wa
s
se
lec
ted
a
s
th
e
m
o
st
s
u
it
a
b
l
e
m
o
d
e
l
t
o
e
stim
a
te so
il
m
o
istu
re
c
o
n
ten
t
f
o
r
trea
tme
n
ts 2
a
n
d
3
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Pre
d
ictiv
e
m
o
d
el
R
em
o
te
s
en
s
in
g
Sp
ec
tr
al
s
ig
n
atu
r
e
T
en
er
a
o
il p
alm
W
ater
s
tr
es
s
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Yeiso
n
Alb
er
to
Gar
cé
s
-
Gó
m
e
z
Un
id
ad
Aca
d
ém
ica
d
e
Fo
r
m
ac
ió
n
en
C
ien
cias N
atu
r
ales y
M
atem
ática
s
Un
iv
er
s
id
ad
C
ató
lica
d
e
Ma
n
i
za
les
C
r
a
2
3
No
6
0
-
6
3
,
Ma
n
izale
s
,
C
ald
as,
C
o
lo
m
b
ia
E
m
ail:
y
g
ar
ce
s
@
u
cm
.
ed
u
.
c
o
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
C
lim
ate
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
h
as
m
ad
e
it
d
if
f
icu
lt
to
an
aly
s
e
wea
th
er
co
n
d
itio
n
s
th
at
ar
e
in
d
is
p
en
s
ab
le
f
o
r
p
lan
n
in
g
in
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
e.
C
u
r
r
e
n
tly
,
th
is
p
lan
n
in
g
o
f
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
al
ac
tiv
ities
v
ar
ies
co
n
s
tan
tl
y
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
th
e
clim
atic
ev
e
n
ts
th
at
o
cc
u
r
d
ay
b
y
d
ay
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e,
it
is
ess
en
tial
to
d
ev
el
o
p
to
o
ls
t
h
at
allo
w
a
q
u
ick
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
an
d
th
at
ar
e
a
v
ailab
le
to
th
e
f
ar
m
er
s
[
1
-
5
]
.
I
n
C
o
lo
m
b
ia,
m
an
y
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
f
r
o
m
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
ec
to
r
s
h
av
e
ad
v
an
ce
d
in
th
e
c
o
n
s
o
lid
atio
n
o
f
th
ese
to
o
ls
.
Ho
wev
er
,
in
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
o
il
p
alm
,
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
in
s
u
f
f
icie
n
t,
wh
ich
d
o
es
n
o
t
allo
w
m
o
s
t
p
alm
g
r
o
wer
s
to
p
la
n
th
eir
ac
ti
v
ities
b
etter
[
6
,
7
]
.
I
n
th
is
asp
ec
t th
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
atellite
im
ag
es a
llo
ws an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
in
m
an
y
asp
ec
ts
o
f
h
u
m
a
n
ity
.
I
n
th
e
f
ield
o
f
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
e
it
is
p
r
esen
ted
as
a
lo
w
-
co
s
t
an
d
h
ig
h
ly
ap
p
licab
le
to
o
l
f
o
r
th
e
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
o
f
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
r
p
r
o
d
u
c
tiv
ity
r
ates
th
at
ca
n
h
elp
i
n
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
a
n
d
q
u
ality
o
f
f
o
o
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
[
8
-
1
0
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
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&
C
o
m
p
E
n
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I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
P
r
ed
ictive
mo
d
el
o
f wa
ter s
tr
e
s
s
in
T
en
era
o
il p
a
lm
b
y
mea
n
s
…
(
A
n
g
ie
Ma
r
ce
la
Ga
lvez
-
V
a
len
cia
)
2681
T
h
e
o
il
p
alm
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
wo
r
ld
wid
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e
o
i
l
p
l
a
n
t
i
n
t
e
r
m
s
o
f
o
i
l
p
e
r
h
e
c
t
a
r
e
.
T
h
e
w
o
r
ld
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
v
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g
etab
le
o
ils
an
d
f
ats
is
ar
o
u
n
d
2
2
7
m
illi
o
n
to
n
s
o
f
o
il
p
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r
,
with
p
alm
o
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a
n
d
p
alm
k
er
n
el
o
il
ac
co
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n
tin
g
f
o
r
3
5
% o
f
th
is
t
o
tal.
Asi
a
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
8
8
%
o
f
t
h
e
wo
r
ld
'
s
p
alm
o
il.
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o
lo
m
b
ia
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th
e
f
o
u
r
th
in
th
e
wo
r
ld
with
ab
o
u
t
1
,
7
0
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m
illi
o
n
to
n
s
p
er
y
ea
r
an
d
f
ir
s
t
in
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er
ica
with
2
.
4
%
o
f
th
e
to
tal
to
n
s
o
f
p
alm
o
il [
1
1
-
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
av
e
r
ag
e
o
il
p
alm
y
ield
r
a
n
g
es
f
r
o
m
4
to
6
to
n
s
o
f
o
il
p
e
r
h
ec
tar
e
p
er
y
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r
,
th
is
lev
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o
f
y
ield
is
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to
1
0
tim
es
h
ig
h
er
th
an
o
th
er
o
il
cr
o
p
s
s
u
ch
as
So
y
a,
R
ap
es
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d
,
Su
n
f
l
o
wer
wh
ich
ar
e
g
r
o
wn
in
tem
p
e
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ate
an
d
tr
o
p
ical
co
u
n
tr
ies.
Fo
r
th
e
m
o
m
en
t
th
e
o
n
ly
m
ea
n
s
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
o
il
p
er
h
ec
tar
e
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ig
h
er
th
a
n
th
e
c
u
ltiv
atio
n
o
f
p
alm
ar
e
th
e
m
icr
o
alg
ae
c
r
o
p
s
,
h
o
wev
er
,
th
is
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
is
e
x
p
en
s
iv
e
an
d
v
e
r
y
a
d
v
an
ce
d
tech
n
ical
m
an
ag
em
en
t a
n
d
s
p
ec
ialized
t
h
at
is
n
o
t a
v
ailab
le
to
all
f
ar
m
er
s
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ce
r
s
[
1
5
,
1
6
]
.
I
n
C
o
lo
m
b
ia,
th
is
cr
o
p
is
estab
lis
h
ed
in
5
4
0
t
h
o
u
s
an
d
h
ec
tar
es
in
2
1
d
e
p
ar
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en
ts
a
n
d
1
6
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m
u
n
icip
alities
wh
er
e
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3
%
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f
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
r
s
ar
e
s
m
all
f
ar
m
er
s
[
1
2
]
.
2.
WAT
E
R
S
T
RE
SS
AN
D
SPE
CT
RA
L
I
ND
I
C
E
S
T
h
e
p
alm
tr
a
n
s
p
ir
es
5
-
6
m
m
o
f
wate
r
p
er
d
ay
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
y
ea
r
.
I
n
a
r
ea
s
with
lo
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ain
f
all
th
at
d
o
n
o
t
allo
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th
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wate
r
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tak
e,
it
ca
n
g
en
er
ate
s
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ess
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m
p
r
o
m
is
e
th
e
p
h
y
s
io
lo
g
ical
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
in
th
e
p
alm
tis
s
u
e.
T
h
e
p
alm
ad
a
p
ts
to
p
er
io
d
s
o
f
d
r
o
u
g
h
t
b
y
clo
s
in
g
its
s
to
m
ata,
o
p
en
in
g
its
leav
es
late
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
f
ewe
r
b
u
n
ch
es.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
ese
p
r
o
lo
n
g
e
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ca
n
g
e
n
er
ate
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
in
th
e
s
ex
r
atio
,
wh
ich
lead
s
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
y
ield
s
1
9
-
2
2
m
o
n
t
h
s
later
an
d
th
e
ab
o
r
tio
n
o
f
f
em
ale
f
lo
wer
s
.
An
o
th
er
s
tr
ess
co
n
d
itio
n
is
g
en
e
r
ated
b
y
e
x
ce
s
s
iv
e
h
u
m
i
d
ity
wh
e
r
e
th
e
s
o
il
p
r
esen
ts
an
ae
r
o
b
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
is
g
en
er
ates
d
eter
io
r
atio
n
in
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
s
u
p
e
r
f
icial
r
o
o
t
s
y
s
tem
o
f
th
e
p
alm
wh
ich
p
r
esen
ts
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
o
f
n
itro
g
en
d
e
f
icien
cy
[
1
7
-
1
9
]
.
C
u
r
r
en
tly
th
e
ca
lcu
l
atio
n
o
f
w
ater
co
n
te
n
t
in
v
e
g
etatio
n
is
d
o
n
e
b
y
tr
ad
itio
n
al
m
eth
o
d
s
s
u
ch
as
leaf
wate
r
co
n
ten
t o
r
d
ir
ec
t f
ield
m
eth
o
d
s
.
"I
n
c
r
o
p
s
estab
lis
h
ed
in
lar
g
e
ar
ea
s
,
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
o
f
t
h
is
v
ar
iab
le
is
co
s
tly
b
ec
au
s
e
th
er
e
ar
e
n
o
t
e
n
o
u
g
h
s
taf
f
an
d
to
o
ls
o
r
th
e
y
h
a
v
e
a
h
ig
h
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
v
alu
e"
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
m
et
h
o
d
s
u
s
ed
in
o
th
er
cr
o
p
s
ar
e
t
o
o
ls
th
at
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
m
o
r
e
p
r
ec
is
e
a
n
d
f
ast
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies.
On
e
o
f
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
r
ca
lcu
l
atin
g
wate
r
co
n
ten
t
in
v
eg
etat
io
n
d
i
r
ec
tly
u
s
ed
b
y
a
u
th
o
r
s
s
u
ch
as
[
2
0
,
2
1
]
,
is
th
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
o
f
th
e
wate
r
c
o
n
ten
t
in
t
h
e
leaf
(
R
W
C
)
an
d
th
e
eq
u
i
v
alen
t
wate
r
th
ic
k
n
ess
(
E
W
T
)
,
an
d
th
en
co
r
r
elate
s
with
s
p
ec
tr
al
in
d
ice
s
.
Sp
ec
tr
al
in
d
ices
ar
e
b
ased
o
n
th
e
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
b
a
n
d
p
ai
r
s
an
d
th
eir
u
s
e
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
r
em
o
te
s
en
s
in
g
h
as
b
ee
n
in
p
lace
s
in
c
e
th
e
b
eg
in
n
in
g
o
f
th
e
in
cu
r
s
io
n
o
f
th
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
T
h
eir
o
b
jectiv
e
h
as
b
ee
n
to
in
d
ir
ec
tly
ca
lcu
late
b
io
p
h
y
s
ical
v
ar
iab
les
o
f
th
e
v
eg
etati
o
n
.
I
n
th
e
s
tu
d
y
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
[
2
2
]
e
v
alu
ates
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
an
air
b
o
r
n
e
s
en
s
o
r
with
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
3
6
0
to
1
0
5
0
n
m
,
to
esti
m
ate
th
e
m
o
is
tu
r
e
c
o
n
ten
t
o
f
a
p
astu
r
e
ar
ea
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
b
y
Sam
u
el,
O.
in
2
0
1
9
at
M
cGill
Un
iv
er
s
ity
,
Ste
An
n
e
d
e
B
ellev
u
e,
Qu
eb
ec
,
C
an
ad
a.
He
in
v
esti
g
ated
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
u
s
in
g
r
ef
lecta
n
ce
in
d
ices
to
d
etec
t
wate
r
s
tr
ess
in
a
p
ep
p
e
r
cr
o
p
u
n
d
er
g
lass
.
I
n
[
2
3
]
a
n
ex
p
er
i
m
en
t
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
with
two
s
p
ec
ies
o
f
v
eg
etatio
n
(
c
o
r
k
o
ak
(
Q.
s
u
b
er
)
an
d
s
ess
i
le
o
ak
(
Q.
r
o
b
u
r
)
)
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
esti
m
ate
th
e
m
o
is
tu
r
e
c
o
n
ten
t
u
s
in
g
s
p
ec
tr
al
d
ata.
O
n
th
e
o
th
e
r
h
a
n
d
in
[
2
4
,
2
5
]
,
a
s
tu
d
y
was
co
n
d
u
ct
ed
in
th
e
g
r
ee
n
h
o
u
s
e
o
n
th
e
Mc
Do
n
ald
ca
m
p
u
s
o
f
Mc
Gill
Un
iv
er
s
ity
,
Ste
An
n
e
De
B
ellev
u
e,
Qu
eb
ec
,
C
an
ad
a.
T
o
ev
alu
ate
th
e
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
u
s
in
g
in
d
ices
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
h
y
p
e
r
s
p
ec
tr
al
s
en
s
o
r
s
to
id
en
tify
wate
r
s
tr
ess
in
to
m
ato
p
lan
ts
(
S
o
la
n
u
m
Ly
co
p
ers
icu
m
L
).
3.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
s
ch
em
e
h
as
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
p
h
ase
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
co
llectio
n
o
f
d
ata
in
th
e
p
lan
ta
tio
n
,
th
ese
d
ata
wer
e
o
f
t
wo
ty
p
es,
b
i
o
p
h
y
s
ical
(
s
o
il
m
o
is
tu
r
e,
leaf
wate
r
co
n
ten
t,
ch
l
o
r
o
p
h
y
ll a
n
d
b
u
l
b
tem
p
er
atu
r
e)
a
n
d
a
b
s
o
r
p
tio
n
o
f
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
s
ig
n
atu
r
es (
ASS).
W
ith
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
d
ata,
th
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
s
wer
e
an
a
ly
ze
d
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
i
n
d
ex
es
with
h
ig
h
er
v
alu
es.
I
n
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
h
ase,
th
e
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
in
d
ices
f
r
o
m
th
e
ASS
an
aly
s
is
an
d
t
h
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
s
p
ec
tr
al
s
ig
n
atu
r
es
w
as
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
to
s
elec
t
th
e
r
a
n
g
es
th
at
wo
u
ld
p
r
o
v
id
e
m
o
r
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
T
h
e
f
in
al
p
h
ase
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
m
ak
i
n
g
co
r
r
ela
tio
n
s
b
etwe
en
th
e
h
u
m
id
ity
an
d
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
r
a
n
g
es
d
eter
m
in
ed
in
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
p
h
ase,
later
th
e
r
an
g
es
with
m
o
r
e
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
s
wer
e
s
elec
ted
with
r
esp
ec
t
to
th
e
h
u
m
id
ity
o
f
th
e
s
o
il
an
d
th
ese
allo
wed
th
e
g
en
e
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
a
r
ea
is
lo
ca
ted
in
th
e
p
lan
tatio
n
"
Ma
n
u
elita
A
ce
ites
y
E
n
erg
ia
",
"
S
a
n
C
a
r
lo
s
d
e
Gu
a
r
o
a
",
C
o
lo
m
b
ia.
Plan
ta
tio
n
lo
ca
ted
in
th
e
ce
n
tr
al
wester
n
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
d
e
p
ar
tm
en
t o
f
Me
ta
as sh
o
wn
in
F
ig
u
r
e
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
1
:
2
6
8
0
-
2687
2682
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Me
th
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
s
ch
e
m
e
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
L
o
c
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
ar
ea
3
.
1
.
Descript
io
n o
f
t
he
ex
perim
ent
a
l pa
rc
el
T
h
e
g
r
ee
n
h
o
u
s
e
m
ea
s
u
r
es
1
5
x
1
5
m
,
c
o
v
er
ed
with
8
-
g
a
u
g
e
p
last
ic
th
at
allo
ws
9
5
%
o
f
lig
h
t
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
.
T
h
e
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
t
al
p
lo
t
h
ad
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
p
alm
s
o
f
th
e
T
en
er
a
v
ar
iet
y
,
with
1
0
m
o
n
th
s
o
f
ag
e,
wh
ich
wer
e
ar
r
an
g
ed
at
a
d
i
s
tan
ce
o
f
1
m
eter
in
a
n
eq
u
ilater
al
tr
ian
g
le
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Prio
r
t
o
s
elec
tio
n
,
a
q
u
alitativ
e
ce
n
s
u
s
an
d
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
alm
s
to
b
e
s
tu
d
ied
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t,
d
i
s
ca
r
d
in
g
th
o
s
e
th
at
d
o
n
o
t
p
r
esen
t
h
o
m
o
g
e
n
eo
u
s
p
h
y
s
io
lo
g
ical
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
s
elec
ted
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
g
r
o
u
p
.
T
h
e
d
r
ip
s
y
s
tem
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
p
r
es
s
u
r
e
-
co
m
p
en
s
atin
g
e
m
itter
s
,
with
a
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
o
f
1
.
2
L
p
er
d
a
y
,
ca
lib
r
ated
f
lo
ws
in
th
e
n
u
r
s
er
y
.
T
h
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
wate
r
ap
p
lied
was
ca
lcu
lated
b
ased
o
n
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
t
estab
lis
h
ed
f
r
o
m
test
s
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t p
r
e
v
io
u
s
ly
in
th
e
g
r
ee
n
h
o
u
s
e
to
en
s
u
r
e
m
o
is
tu
r
e
at
f
ield
ca
p
ac
ity
.
I
r
r
ig
atio
n
wa
s
ap
p
lied
u
n
if
o
r
m
l
y
to
all
tr
ea
tm
en
ts
p
r
io
r
to
th
e
s
t
ar
t o
f
th
e
ex
p
er
im
e
n
t f
o
r
two
wee
k
s
at
th
e
estab
li
s
h
ed
f
er
tili
ze
r
r
ates.
I
n
th
e
3
4
th
wee
k
th
e
wate
r
an
d
f
er
tili
za
tio
n
ir
r
ig
atio
n
was
s
to
p
p
ed
an
d
t
h
r
ee
ty
p
es
o
f
tr
ea
tm
en
ts
wer
e
in
s
t
alled
with
o
n
ly
wate
r
v
ar
iatio
n
.
T
h
e
tr
ea
tm
e
n
ts
wer
e
o
r
d
er
ed
as
:
T
r
ea
tm
e
n
t
1
-
Hu
m
i
d
ity
s
atu
r
atio
n
(
L
i
n
e
1
,
2
an
d
3
)
:
Fo
r
th
ese
lin
es,
ad
d
itio
n
al
d
r
ip
p
e
r
s
wer
e
in
s
talled
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
h
u
m
id
ity
ab
o
v
e
t
h
e
f
ield
ca
p
ac
i
ty
.
Satu
r
atio
n
was
m
ain
tain
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
t.
T
r
e
atm
en
t 2
-
W
ater
d
ef
icien
cy
(
L
in
e
4
,
5
an
d
6
)
: Fo
r
th
is
tr
ea
tm
en
t th
e
in
itially
in
s
talled
d
r
ip
p
er
s
wer
e
r
em
o
v
ed
.
T
r
ea
tm
en
t
with
o
u
t
ir
r
ig
atio
n
.
T
r
ea
tm
e
n
t
3
-
Field
ca
p
ac
ity
(
L
in
e
7
,
8
an
d
9
)
:
Fo
r
th
is
tr
ea
tm
en
t
th
e
in
itially
in
s
talled
f
lo
w
r
ate
was
lef
t,
wh
ich
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
s
tu
d
ies
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
th
e
co
m
p
a
n
y
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
f
lo
w
r
ate
to
k
ee
p
th
e
p
alm
s
at
f
ield
ca
p
ac
ity
.
Data
co
llectio
n
was
d
o
n
e
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
th
r
ee
d
ay
s
o
f
ea
ch
wee
k
,
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
o
n
e
lin
e
p
er
tr
ea
t
m
en
t
ea
ch
d
ay
an
d
co
m
p
letin
g
all
lin
es
in
o
n
e
wee
k
.
Field
d
ata
was
co
llected
f
o
r
1
0
wee
k
s
.
Mo
is
tu
r
e
r
ea
d
in
g
s
wer
e
tak
en
u
s
in
g
a
h
ar
d
e
n
ed
s
en
s
o
r
,
wh
ich
was
ca
lib
r
ate
d
with
g
r
av
im
et
r
ic
s
o
il
m
o
is
tu
r
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
.
T
h
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
P
r
ed
ictive
mo
d
el
o
f wa
ter s
tr
e
s
s
in
T
en
era
o
il p
a
lm
b
y
mea
n
s
…
(
A
n
g
ie
Ma
r
ce
la
Ga
lvez
-
V
a
len
cia
)
2683
r
elativ
e
wate
r
co
n
ten
t
o
f
th
e
l
ea
f
was
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
s
elec
tin
g
th
e
y
o
u
n
g
est
f
u
lly
ex
p
a
n
d
e
d
leav
es,
th
ir
d
leaf
f
r
o
m
th
e
to
p
.
T
h
ese
leaf
lets
wer
e
co
llected
in
s
ea
led
p
last
ic
b
ag
s
wh
ich
wer
e
q
u
ick
ly
tr
an
s
p
o
r
ted
(
tim
e
n
o
t
ex
ce
ed
in
g
o
n
e
h
o
u
r
)
to
t
h
e
l
ab
o
r
ato
r
y
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
ts
to
av
o
id
m
o
is
tu
r
e
lo
s
s
.
A
ce
n
tr
al
s
q
u
ar
e
o
f
th
e
leaf
let,
ap
p
r
o
x
im
at
ely
1
0
c
m
wid
e,
was
s
elec
ted
.
T
h
e
f
r
esh
weig
h
t
was
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
o
n
an
an
aly
tical
b
alan
ce
.
Fin
ally
th
ey
wer
e
d
r
ied
in
a
n
o
v
en
u
n
til
a
co
n
s
tan
t
weig
h
t
was
ac
h
iev
ed
an
d
th
en
w
eig
h
ed
ag
ain
.
T
h
e
r
ef
lecta
n
ce
was
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
s
in
g
an
Oce
an
Op
tics
USB
-
6
5
0
tid
e
n
etwo
r
k
s
p
ec
tr
o
m
eter
,
wh
ich
m
ea
s
u
r
es
th
e
r
ef
lecta
n
ce
b
etwe
en
3
5
0
a
n
d
1
0
0
0
n
m
with
a
s
p
ec
tr
al
r
eso
lu
tio
n
o
f
2
.
0
n
m
.
T
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
was
ca
lib
r
ated
f
o
r
ea
ch
r
ea
d
in
g
.
T
h
r
ee
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
ts
wer
e
m
ad
e
in
d
if
f
er
en
t
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
tr
y
in
g
to
k
ee
p
th
e
o
p
tic
f
ib
er
at
4
5
°
at
a
d
is
tan
ce
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
1
0
cm
.
T
h
e
c
h
lo
r
o
p
h
y
ll
co
n
ten
t
was
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
s
in
g
a
SP
AD
-
5
0
2
s
en
s
o
r
wh
ich
d
eter
m
i
n
es
th
e
r
elativ
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
c
h
lo
r
o
p
h
y
ll
p
r
esen
t
b
y
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
lea
f
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
i
n
two
wav
elen
g
th
r
e
g
io
n
s
in
th
e
r
ed
an
d
in
f
r
ar
ed
r
eg
io
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Dis
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
th
e
e
x
p
er
im
en
tal
p
a
r
ce
l
;
T
r
ea
tm
en
t
1
-
Hu
m
id
ity
s
atu
r
atio
n
(
L
in
e
1
,
2
an
d
3
in
b
lu
e)
,
T
r
ea
tm
en
t 2
-
W
ater
Def
icien
cy
(
L
in
e
4
,
5
an
d
6
i
n
r
ed
)
,
T
r
ea
t
m
en
t 3
-
I
d
ea
l h
u
m
id
ity
co
n
d
itio
n
o
f
th
e
cr
o
p
ca
lled
f
ield
ca
p
ac
ity
(
L
in
e
7
,
8
an
d
9
i
n
g
r
ee
n
)
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
a
n
aly
s
is
was
to
s
tu
d
y
th
e
co
llected
m
o
is
tu
r
e
d
ata
to
s
tatis
tically
d
eter
m
in
e
f
r
o
m
wh
ich
wee
k
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
s
wer
e
f
o
u
n
d
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
il
lu
s
tr
ates
th
e
av
er
ag
e
m
o
is
tu
r
e
r
ea
d
in
g
s
f
o
r
ea
ch
wee
k
.
T
h
e
s
tati
s
tical
an
aly
s
is
s
h
o
ws
th
at
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
ar
e
f
o
u
n
d
as
o
f
wee
k
8
with
ANOV
A
an
d
T
u
k
ey
'
s
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
r
ejec
tin
g
th
e
n
u
ll h
y
p
o
th
esis
o
f
e
q
u
ality
with
a
p
-
v
alu
e<
0
.
0
5
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Gr
o
u
n
d
h
u
m
id
ity
v
s
.
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
wee
k
s
4
.
1
.
Sp
ec
t
ra
l
a
na
ly
s
is
m
et
ho
ds
A
f
ter
ca
lcu
latin
g
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
in
d
ices,
all
wav
elen
g
th
s
o
f
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
s
p
ec
tr
al
r
an
g
es
(
4
5
0
t
o
8
8
0
n
m
)
ar
e
ev
alu
ated
.
T
h
e
ai
m
o
f
th
ese
s
p
ec
tr
al
an
al
y
s
is
m
eth
o
d
s
is
to
s
h
o
w
wh
eth
er
th
e
r
e
is
an
y
d
if
f
er
en
ce
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
1
:
2
6
8
0
-
2687
2684
in
th
e
wav
elen
g
t
h
s
,
g
iv
e
n
b
y
t
h
e
v
a
r
iatio
n
i
n
h
u
m
id
ity
b
etw
ee
n
tr
ea
tm
en
ts
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
f
in
d
th
ese
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
,
co
r
r
elatio
n
m
atr
ices
ar
e
m
a
d
e
b
etwe
e
n
th
e
wav
elen
g
th
s
.
T
h
o
s
e
wav
elen
g
th
s
th
at
h
a
v
e
litt
le
v
ar
iatio
n
b
etwe
en
wee
k
s
an
d
th
er
e
f
o
r
e
h
ig
h
s
p
ec
tr
al
co
r
r
elatio
n
(
v
ar
iatio
n
g
iv
en
b
y
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
h
u
m
id
ity
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
)
,
will
n
o
t
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
elev
an
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
th
e
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
m
o
d
els.
On
th
e
co
n
tr
ar
y
,
wav
el
en
g
t
h
s
with
lo
w
co
r
r
elatio
n
s
ar
e
th
o
s
e
th
at
will
p
r
o
v
id
e
m
o
r
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
th
e
m
o
d
e
l
s
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
5
i
l
l
u
s
t
r
a
t
e
s
t
h
e
c
o
r
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
w
h
e
r
e
t
h
e
b
a
n
d
s
w
i
t
h
l
e
s
s
c
o
r
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
a
r
e
e
x
t
r
a
c
t
e
d
b
e
c
a
u
s
e
t
h
e
y
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
m
o
r
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
t
o
t
h
e
r
e
g
r
e
s
s
i
o
n
m
o
d
el.
I
n
g
en
e
r
al
ter
m
s
,
it
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
atr
ices
th
at
th
e
wav
elen
g
th
s
in
th
e
v
is
ib
le
r
eg
io
n
ar
e
h
ig
h
ly
co
r
r
elate
d
with
ea
ch
o
th
er
,
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
th
eir
co
r
r
el
atio
n
in
th
e
in
f
r
ar
e
d
len
g
th
s
.
Ov
er
th
e
wee
k
s
,
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
t
h
e
c
o
r
r
elatio
n
b
ec
o
m
es
n
o
ticea
b
le
s
p
ec
if
i
ca
lly
in
two
r
a
n
g
es
b
etwe
en
7
5
8
-
7
6
4
an
d
8
1
4
-
8
2
0
.
T
h
ese
two
r
an
g
es
with
th
e
g
r
e
atest
d
is
cr
ep
an
cy
ar
e
g
iv
e
n
b
y
th
e
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
b
etwe
en
t
h
e
tr
e
atm
en
ts
.
W
h
en
th
e
an
aly
s
is
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
at
th
e
tr
ea
tm
en
t
lev
el,
t
h
e
r
a
n
g
es
with
th
e
g
r
ea
test
d
is
cr
ep
an
c
y
co
in
cid
e
with
t
h
e
m
atr
ices c
ar
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
wee
k
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
C
o
r
r
elatio
n
m
atr
ix
f
o
r
wee
k
1
0
(
as e
x
am
p
le)
,
th
e
r
ed
p
ar
t o
f
th
e
im
a
g
e
r
ep
r
esen
ts
h
ig
h
co
r
r
elatio
n
,
s
o
th
o
s
e
b
an
d
s
d
o
n
o
t h
av
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
an
aly
s
is
,
th
e
b
an
d
s
in
o
th
e
r
co
lo
r
s
r
ep
r
esen
t
lo
w
co
r
r
elatio
n
s
o
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
m
o
r
e
r
elev
an
t
T
h
ese
s
p
ec
tr
al
b
an
d
s
co
in
cid
e
with
th
e
wav
elen
g
th
v
alu
es
u
s
in
g
th
e
in
d
ices
th
at
h
av
e
th
e
h
ig
h
est
co
r
r
elatio
n
with
th
e
b
io
p
h
y
s
ical
v
ar
iab
le
s
o
il
m
o
is
tu
r
e.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
is
as
s
u
m
ed
th
at
th
ese
r
an
g
es
ar
e
th
e
o
n
es
th
at
co
u
ld
g
iv
e
u
s
th
e
m
o
s
t
in
p
u
t
in
a
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
m
o
d
el.
Sin
ce
th
eir
v
ar
iatio
n
is
g
iv
en
b
y
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
tiatio
n
o
f
h
u
m
id
ity
in
th
e
tr
ea
tm
en
ts
.
4
.
2
.
Abs
o
rpt
io
n a
na
ly
s
is
o
f
s
pect
ra
l sig
na
t
ures
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
f
o
u
r
a
b
s
o
r
p
tio
n
b
a
n
d
s
wer
e
s
elec
ted
,
th
e
f
ir
s
t
o
n
e
was
s
elec
ted
s
in
ce
it
is
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
o
f
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
s
ig
n
atu
r
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
v
e
g
etatio
n
g
iv
en
b
y
th
e
lo
w
r
ef
lectiv
ity
in
r
ed
d
u
e
t
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t
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e
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e
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o
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a
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e
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s
a
n
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e
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e
s
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e
n
c
e
[
2
6
,
2
7
]
.
T
h
r
ee
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th
er
b
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d
s
wer
e
s
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ted
tak
in
g
in
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ac
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u
n
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r
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aly
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es
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d
.
T
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e
wa
v
elen
g
th
r
a
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g
es
ar
e
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
f
o
r
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e
r
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g
es 5
5
0
to
7
3
0
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m
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8
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to
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d
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I
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itially
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e
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elen
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ch
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Fig
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
ws
th
e
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alu
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o
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th
e
ca
lcu
lated
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
ch
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ter
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o
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h
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tm
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an
d
wee
k
.
T
h
ese
ca
lcu
lated
v
alu
es,
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
th
e
ab
s
o
r
p
ti
o
n
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
wer
e
th
en
co
r
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elate
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with
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io
p
h
y
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ical
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ar
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ch
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lb
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d
leaf
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r
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n
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t.
T
h
e
r
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lt
o
f
th
ese
co
r
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elatio
n
s
s
h
o
ws
an
av
er
ag
e
co
r
r
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n
(
-
0
.
5
3
)
b
etwe
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th
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
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wid
th
(
W
I
D)
in
b
an
d
1
(
5
5
0
-
7
3
0
)
an
d
th
e
h
u
m
id
ity
v
ar
iab
le.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
av
er
a
g
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
(
-
0
.
5
1
)
is
b
etwe
en
th
e
v
ar
iab
le
tem
p
er
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r
e
an
d
th
e
W
I
D
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
in
b
an
d
4
(
8
1
5
-
8
1
9
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
P
r
ed
ictive
mo
d
el
o
f wa
ter s
tr
e
s
s
in
T
en
era
o
il p
a
lm
b
y
mea
n
s
…
(
A
n
g
ie
Ma
r
ce
la
Ga
lvez
-
V
a
len
cia
)
2685
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Dete
r
m
i
n
ed
r
a
n
g
es o
f
an
aly
s
is
,
th
e
r
an
g
es h
av
e
b
ee
n
m
ar
k
e
d
with
co
lo
r
ed
lin
es a
t
th
e
to
p
o
f
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
s
ig
n
atu
re
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
C
o
r
r
elatio
n
m
atr
ix
: a
b
s
o
r
p
tio
n
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
v
s
.
b
io
p
h
y
s
ical
v
ar
ia
b
les
4
.
3
.
L
inea
r
a
nd
no
n
-
li
nea
r
re
g
re
s
s
io
ns
T
h
e
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
a
n
aly
s
is
allo
wed
u
s
to
s
h
o
w
wh
ich
wav
elen
g
th
s
co
u
l
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
t
h
e
g
r
ea
test
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
to
th
e
m
o
d
els.
T
ak
in
g
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
g
iv
en
b
y
th
e
m
o
d
el,
th
e
len
g
th
with
th
e
g
r
ea
test
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
was
s
elec
ted
(
8
6
9
)
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
a
c
o
r
r
elatio
n
was
m
ad
e
b
etwe
en
th
e
wav
elen
g
th
s
f
o
r
th
e
wee
k
s
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alu
ated
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d
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
tr
ea
tm
en
ts
with
th
e
s
o
il
m
o
is
tu
r
e
v
alu
es.
W
av
elen
g
t
h
8
6
9
is
th
e
v
al
u
e
with
th
e
h
ig
h
est co
r
r
elatio
n
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
wav
elen
g
t
h
s
b
etwe
en
th
e
r
an
g
es
g
en
e
r
ated
b
y
th
e
a
n
aly
s
es,
a
co
r
r
elatio
n
m
atr
ix
was
m
a
d
e
b
etwe
en
th
ese
len
g
th
s
a
n
d
th
e
h
u
m
id
ity
v
ar
iab
le.
Fro
m
th
is
m
atr
ix
,
wav
elen
g
th
s
7
6
4
an
d
8
1
5
wer
e
s
elec
ted
,
wav
elen
g
th
s
with
th
e
h
ig
h
est
co
r
r
elatio
n
.
I
n
itially
,
th
e
r
el
atio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
wav
elen
g
th
v
alu
es
a
n
d
s
o
il
m
o
is
tu
r
e
was
ev
alu
ate
d
.
I
n
tr
ea
t
m
en
t
1
(
Satu
r
atio
n
)
,
n
o
r
e
latio
n
s
h
ip
is
ev
i
d
en
t.
I
n
th
is
ev
alu
ated
tim
elin
e
ev
e
n
th
is
co
n
d
itio
n
d
o
es n
o
t
g
en
er
ate
a
s
tr
ess
th
at
p
h
y
s
io
lo
g
ically
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
p
alm
an
d
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
i
n
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
s
ig
n
atu
r
e.
Fo
r
th
is
r
ea
s
o
n
,
th
e
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o
llo
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g
was
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o
t
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clu
d
ed
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e
m
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el.
Fo
r
tr
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en
t
s
2
(
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icit)
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d
3
(
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ca
p
ac
ity
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,
4
r
eg
r
ess
io
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m
o
d
els
wer
e
ev
alu
ated
,
1
lin
e
ar
an
d
3
n
o
n
-
lin
ea
r
(
T
wo
p
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ase
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ec
a
y
,
2
an
d
3
o
r
d
er
p
o
l
y
n
o
m
ial)
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
L
i
n
ea
r
an
d
n
o
n
-
lin
ea
r
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
m
o
d
els ev
alu
ated
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
1
:
2
6
8
0
-
2687
2686
As
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
,
in
all
th
e
m
o
d
els
e
v
alu
ated
,
w
av
elen
g
th
8
1
5
h
as
th
e
h
ig
h
est
d
et
er
m
in
atio
n
co
ef
f
icien
ts
an
d
th
e
lo
west
R
MSE
.
At
th
is
wav
elen
g
th
,
th
e
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
m
o
d
el
th
at
h
a
d
th
e
b
est
f
it
was
th
e
3
r
d
o
r
d
er
p
o
ly
n
o
m
ial.
I
n
(
1
)
th
e
e
q
u
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
is
p
r
esen
ted
.
2
.
275
.
21
−
56
.
05
+
0
.
46
2
−
0
.
0
01
3
(
1
)
wh
er
e
X
is
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
r
ef
le
ctiv
ity
at
wav
ele
n
g
th
8
1
5
.
T
o
v
alid
ate
t
h
e
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
m
o
d
e
l,
2
0
%
o
f
th
e
f
ield
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
was
u
s
ed
.
T
h
e
esti
m
ated
m
o
is
tu
r
e
v
alu
es
ar
e
ad
ju
s
ted
to
th
e
ac
tu
al
v
alu
es
with
d
ev
iatio
n
s
o
f
less
th
an
1
5
% f
o
r
tr
ea
tm
e
n
ts
an
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
s
in
f
e
r
r
ed
f
r
o
m
2
.
2
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
Sp
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
y
allo
ws d
if
f
er
e
n
tiatio
n
o
f
b
i
o
p
h
y
s
ical
v
ar
iab
les r
elate
d
to
p
lan
t stre
s
s
co
n
d
itio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
s
o
il
m
o
is
tu
r
e,
b
u
lb
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e,
ch
lo
r
o
p
h
y
ll
an
d
leaf
wate
r
co
n
ten
t.
I
t
is
ex
p
ec
ted
t
h
at
th
e
s
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
s
will
in
cr
ea
s
e
as
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
s
tr
ess
is
p
r
o
lo
n
g
ed
f
o
r
th
is
ty
p
e
o
f
cr
o
p
,
s
in
ce
th
e
Af
r
ica
n
p
al
m
is
a
cr
o
p
th
at
ca
n
r
esis
t
p
r
o
lo
n
g
e
d
p
er
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d
s
o
f
d
r
o
u
g
h
t
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
s
o
m
e
p
h
y
s
io
lo
g
ical
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
th
at
allo
ws
th
e
r
eg
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
wate
r
lev
el
in
its
tis
s
u
es.
S
o
m
e
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
s
h
o
wn
th
at
th
e
p
alm
h
as
an
ef
f
icien
t
u
s
e
o
f
its
s
to
m
as,
wh
ich
clo
s
e
av
o
id
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g
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r
lo
s
s
,
m
ai
n
tain
in
g
t
h
e
wate
r
co
n
ten
t
o
f
i
ts
tis
s
u
es,
wh
ich
in
cr
ea
s
es
its
r
esis
tan
ce
to
wate
r
p
h
en
o
m
en
a.
T
h
e
m
ath
e
m
atica
l
m
o
d
el
b
u
ilt
th
at
h
ad
th
e
g
r
ea
test
ad
ju
s
tm
en
t
f
o
r
tr
ea
tm
en
ts
2
an
d
3
in
th
e
esti
m
atio
n
o
f
s
o
il
m
o
is
tu
r
e
co
n
ten
t
was
th
e
th
ir
d
o
r
d
er
p
o
ly
n
o
m
ial
m
o
d
el
with
an
2
=
0
.
73
.
T
h
is
will
allo
w
th
e
f
ar
m
er
with
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
r
em
o
te
s
en
s
o
r
s
th
at
g
en
er
ate
s
p
ec
tr
al
im
ag
es
with
th
e
wa
v
elen
g
th
8
1
5
n
m
to
d
iag
n
o
s
e
wate
r
s
tr
ess
p
r
o
b
lem
s
ea
r
ly
at
lo
w
co
s
t a
n
d
with
g
o
o
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
is
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r
k
was
s
u
p
p
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ted
b
y
th
e
Un
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s
id
ad
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ató
lica
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izale
s
with
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esear
ch
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o
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ec
h
n
o
lo
g
ical
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d
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n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
Dev
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p
m
en
t
GI
DT
A
an
d
th
e
p
r
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am
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ter
in
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m
o
te
Sen
s
in
g
.
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h
e
au
th
o
r
s
wan
t
to
tan
k
to
“M
an
u
elita
Ace
ites
y
E
n
er
g
ía”
an
d
“Co
r
p
o
r
ac
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ian
a
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e
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n
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esti
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Ag
r
o
p
ec
u
a
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ia
-
AGROS
AVI
A”
f
o
r
its
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
X.
Yu
,
H.
L
u
o
,
H.
Wan
g
,
J.
-
H
.
F
e
il
,
“
Cli
m
a
te
c
h
a
n
g
e
a
n
d
a
g
r
icu
lt
u
ra
l
trad
e
in
c
e
n
tral
As
ia:
e
v
id
e
n
c
e
fr
o
m
Ka
z
a
k
h
sta
n
,
”
Eco
sy
ste
m He
a
lt
h
a
n
d
S
u
st
a
in
a
b
il
it
y
,
v
o
l
.
6
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
.
1
7
6
6
3
8
0
,
2
0
2
0
.
[2
]
K.
T.
Th
i
n
d
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Un
d
e
rsta
n
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
a
d
o
p
ti
o
n
o
f
c
li
m
a
te
c
h
a
n
g
e
a
d
a
p
tati
o
n
stra
teg
ies
a
m
o
n
g
sm
a
ll
h
o
ld
e
r
fa
rm
e
rs:
Ev
id
e
n
c
e
fro
m
lan
d
re
fo
rm
b
e
n
e
ficia
ries
in
S
o
u
t
h
Afric
a
,
”
L
a
n
d
Us
e
P
o
li
c
y
,
v
o
l.
9
9
,
p
.
1
0
4
8
5
8
,
2
0
2
0
.
[3
]
M
.
Dim
y
a
ti
,
K.
Ku
stiy
o
a
n
d
R.
D.
Dim
y
a
ti
,
“
P
a
d
d
y
fiel
d
c
las
sifi
c
a
ti
o
n
wit
h
M
OD
IS
-
terra
m
u
lt
i
-
t
e
m
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ra
l
ima
g
e
tran
sfo
rm
a
ti
o
n
u
sin
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e
n
o
lo
g
ic
a
l
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
i
n
Ja
v
a
Isla
n
d
,
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I
n
t
e
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
3
4
6
-
1
3
5
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[4
]
W.
N.
Y.
M
.
De
sa
,
A.
F
u
d
h
o
li
a
n
d
Z.
Ya
a
k
o
b
,
“
E
n
e
rg
y
-
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
-
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
tal
a
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
s
o
l
a
r
d
r
y
i
n
g
s
y
s
t
e
m
:
a
r
e
v
i
e
w
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
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n
a
l
o
f
P
o
w
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r
E
l
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o
n
i
c
s
a
n
d
D
r
i
v
e
S
y
s
t
e
m
s
(
I
J
P
E
D
S
)
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1011
-
1
0
1
8
,
2
0
2
0
.
[5
]
M
.
Ag
o
v
in
o
,
M
.
Ca
sa
c
c
ia,
M
.
Cio
m
m
i,
M
.
F
e
rra
ra
,
K.
M
a
rc
h
e
sa
n
o
,
“
Ag
ricu
lt
u
re
,
c
li
m
a
t
e
c
h
a
n
g
e
a
n
d
su
sta
in
a
b
il
it
y
:
Th
e
c
a
se
o
f
EU
-
28,
”
Eco
lo
g
ica
l
I
n
d
ic
a
to
rs
,
v
o
l.
1
0
5
,
p
p
.
5
2
5
-
5
4
3
,
2
0
1
9
.
[6
]
F
.
P
ra
d
a
,
I
.
M
.
A
y
a
la
-
Dia
z
,
W.
D
e
lg
a
d
o
,
R.
Ru
iz
-
R
o
m
e
ro
,
H
.
M
.
Ro
m
e
ro
,
“
Eff
e
c
t
o
f
fru
it
ri
p
e
n
i
n
g
o
n
c
o
n
ten
t
a
n
d
c
h
e
m
ica
l
c
o
m
p
o
siti
o
n
o
f
o
il
fr
o
m
th
re
e
o
il
p
a
lm
c
u
lt
iv
a
rs
(
El
a
e
is
g
u
in
e
e
n
sis
Ja
c
q
.
)
g
r
o
wn
i
n
C
o
lo
m
b
ia,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ag
ric
u
lt
u
ra
l
a
n
d
F
o
o
d
C
h
e
misty
,
v
o
l.
5
9
,
no
.
1
8
,
p
p
.
1
0
1
3
6
-
1
0
1
4
2
,
2
0
1
1
.
[7
]
J.
C.
Ac
e
v
e
d
o
,
J.
A.
He
rn
á
n
d
e
z
,
C.
F
.
Va
ld
é
s,
S
.
K.
K
h
a
n
a
l,
“
An
a
ly
sis
o
f
o
p
e
ra
ti
n
g
c
o
sts
fo
r
p
r
o
d
u
c
in
g
b
io
d
ies
e
l
fro
m
p
a
lm o
i
l
a
t
p
il
o
t
-
sc
a
le i
n
Co
l
o
m
b
ia,
”
Bi
o
re
so
u
rc
e
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
8
8
,
p
p
.
1
1
7
-
1
2
3
,
2
0
1
5
.
[8
]
J.
U.
De
v
k
o
ta,
“
S
tatisti
c
a
l
a
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
n
i
g
h
t
ra
d
ia
n
c
e
RH
u
sin
g
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d
a
y
/
n
ig
h
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b
a
n
d
sa
telli
te
ti
m
e
se
ries
d
a
ta,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
A
d
v
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n
c
e
s in
A
p
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S
c
ien
c
e
s (IJAA
S
)
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
6
-
3
3
,
2
0
1
9
.
[9
]
B.
C.
Na
ik
a
n
d
B.
A
n
u
ra
d
h
a
,
“
Ex
trac
ti
o
n
o
f
Wate
r
-
b
o
d
y
A
re
a
fro
m
Hig
h
-
re
so
lu
t
io
n
Lan
d
sa
t
Im
a
g
e
ry
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(IJ
E
CE)
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
4
1
1
1
-
4
1
1
9
,
2
0
1
8
[1
0
]
N.
T.
Tam
,
H.
T
.
Da
t,
P
.
M
.
Tam
,
V.
T
.
Tri
n
h
,
N.
T.
Hu
n
g
,
Q.
-
T
.
Hu
y
n
h
,
J.
Jo
,
“
M
o
n
it
o
ri
n
g
a
g
ricu
l
tu
re
a
re
a
s
with
sa
telli
te i
m
a
g
e
s a
n
d
d
e
e
p
lea
rn
in
g,
”
Ap
p
li
e
d
S
o
ft
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
v
o
l.
9
5
,
p
.
1
0
6
5
6
5
,
2
0
2
0
.
[1
1
]
J.
P
irk
e
r,
A.
M
o
sn
ier,
F
.
Kra
x
n
e
r,
P
.
Ha
v
l’
ik
,
M
.
Ob
e
rste
in
e
r,
“
Wh
a
t
a
re
th
e
li
m
it
s
to
o
il
p
a
lm
e
x
p
a
n
sio
n
?
,
”
Gl
o
b
a
l
En
v
iro
n
me
n
ta
l
C
h
a
n
g
e
,
v
o
l.
4
0
,
p
p
.
7
3
-
81
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
2
]
F
.
C
o
lo
m
b
ia,
“
Ac
to
d
e
su
sc
rip
c
i
ó
n
d
e
la
De
c
lara
c
ió
n
C
o
n
j
u
n
ta
d
e
Co
m
p
ro
m
iso
p
o
r
e
l
Ac
e
it
e
d
e
P
a
lma
S
o
ste
n
i
b
le
d
e
Co
l
o
m
b
ia,
”
Rev
ista
P
a
lma
s
.
B
o
g
o
tá
(C
o
l
o
mb
i
a
)
,
v
o
l.
4
0
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
6
3
-
64
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
3
]
M.
N.
A.
M
.
Yu
so
ff,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
P
a
l
m
B
i
o
d
i
e
s
e
l
i
n
T
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
:
a
R
e
v
i
e
w
o
n
B
i
o
f
u
e
l
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
,
P
o
l
i
c
y
a
n
d
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
a
n
d
C
o
l
o
m
b
i
a
,
”
B
i
o
E
n
e
r
g
y
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
,
p
p
. 1
-
18
,
2
0
2
0
.
[1
4
]
P.
R.
F
u
ru
m
o
,
X.
Ru
e
d
a
,
J.
S
.
R
o
d
ríg
u
e
z
,
I.
K.
P
.
Ra
m
o
s,
“
F
ield
e
v
id
e
n
c
e
f
o
r
p
o
sit
iv
e
c
e
rti
fica
ti
o
n
o
u
tco
m
e
s
o
n
o
il
p
a
lm sm
a
ll
h
o
ld
e
r
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
p
r
a
c
ti
c
e
s in
Co
lo
m
b
ia,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Clea
n
e
r P
ro
d
u
c
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
2
4
5
,
p
.
1
1
8
8
9
1
,
2
0
2
0
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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&
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N:
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P
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T
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(
A
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Ma
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2687
[1
5
]
H.
Qu
e
sa
d
a
,
“
Cu
lt
iv
o
e
i
n
d
u
s
tri
a
d
e
la
p
a
lma
a
c
e
it
e
ra
(El
a
e
is
g
u
in
e
e
n
sis),
”
2
0
0
1
.
[O
n
li
n
e
].
Av
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s:/
/p
r
o
p
a
lma
.
we
b
c
in
d
a
rio
.
c
o
m
/cu
lt
v
o
p
a
lma
.
h
tm.
[1
6
]
J.
F
ry
,
“
Co
m
p
e
ti
ti
v
id
a
d
g
lo
b
a
l
d
e
l
a
c
e
it
e
d
e
p
a
lm
a
,
”
Rev
ista
Pa
lma
s
,
v
o
l
.
3
1
p
p
.
3
5
-
43
,
2
0
1
0
.
[1
7
]
T.
F
a
ir
h
u
rst
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
a
lma
d
e
a
c
e
it
e
M
a
n
e
jo
p
a
ra
re
n
d
imie
n
t
o
s
a
lt
o
s
y
s
o
ste
n
ib
les
,
”
2
0
1
2
.
[On
li
n
e
].
A
v
a
il
a
b
le
:
h
tt
p
:
//
we
b
.
fe
d
e
p
a
lma
.
o
rg
/sit
e
s/d
e
fa
u
lt
/fi
les
/fi
les
/F
e
d
e
p
a
lma
/p
a
lma
s_
to
m
o
I
.
p
d
f.
[1
8
]
L.
S
.
Ju
ri
d
,
S
.
I.
Z
u
b
a
ir
i,
Z
.
M
.
Ka
sim
,
I.
A.
Ab
Ka
d
ir,
“
Th
e
e
ffe
c
t
o
f
re
p
e
ti
ti
v
e
fr
y
in
g
o
n
p
h
y
sic
o
c
h
e
m
ica
l
p
ro
p
e
rti
e
s
o
f
re
fin
e
d
,
b
le
a
c
h
e
d
a
n
d
d
e
o
d
o
rize
d
M
a
lay
sia
n
ten
e
r
a
p
a
lm
o
lein
d
u
r
in
g
d
e
e
p
-
fa
t
fr
y
in
g
,
”
Ara
b
ia
n
J
o
u
rn
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T.
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.
Na
ji
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t
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l.
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1
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D.
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.
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y
o
,
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P
a
c
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ra
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5
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].
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[2
2
]
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rre
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C.
S
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S.
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u
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a
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C.
A.
M
a
d
ra
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to
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C.
A
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M
a
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m
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ter
s
a
n
d
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tro
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5
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L.
Ara
q
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d
A.
Jim
é
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z
,
“
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ra
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teriz
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lma
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p
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6
]
Y.
B.
L
ó
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n
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Y.
Be
tza
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is,
Un
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rsid
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d
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g
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0
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RAP
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ie
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r
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lv
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Va
lenci
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ricu
lt
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ra
l
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i
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r,
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a
ste
r
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o
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g
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rre
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ic
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riab
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-
m
a
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n
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a
l
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a
n
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ta.co
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.
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g
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o
n
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g
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g
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ro
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r,
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CNM
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iv
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d
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d
e
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iza
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a
n
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l
o
m
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ia.
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-
m
a
il
:
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g
a
rc
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s@
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m
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e
d
u
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o
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re
se
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o
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ly
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o
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ro
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tp
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Ag
ro
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s
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c
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ra
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-
m
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ra
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