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].
T
h
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
an
a
l
y
s
is
o
f
p
o
w
er
q
u
a
lit
y
d
u
e
to
h
i
g
h
p
e
n
etr
atio
n
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
u
n
d
e
r
v
ar
iab
le
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
h
as
b
ee
n
s
t
u
d
ied
b
y
Ma
s
s
o
u
d
Fa
r
h
o
o
d
n
ea
,
et.
al.
I
t
w
a
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
o
n
a
1
6
b
u
s
s
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
el
an
d
t
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
h
o
w
ed
t
h
at
h
i
g
h
le
v
el
p
en
etr
atio
n
o
f
g
r
id
co
n
n
ec
ted
P
V
w
i
ll
ca
u
s
e
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
o
w
er
q
u
alit
y
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
i.e
.
s
well/f
l
ick
er
v
o
lta
g
e,
lo
s
s
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
h
ar
m
o
n
ics.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
is
o
n
l
y
an
al
y
ze
d
o
n
v
o
lta
g
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
an
d
d
id
n
o
t
co
n
s
id
er
t
h
e
am
b
ien
t
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
co
n
d
itio
n
[
4
]
.
P
o
w
er
q
u
a
lit
y
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
i
n
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
t
h
r
ee
p
h
ase
P
V
i
n
v
er
ter
s
at
to
p
r
o
o
f
P
V
i.e
.
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
d
i
s
to
r
tio
n
,
v
o
ltag
e
f
l
u
ct
u
atio
n
,
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
an
d
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
K.
P
.
Ko
n
to
g
i
a
n
is
,
et.
al
[
5
]
.
T
h
e
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
o
f
a
th
r
ee
p
h
a
s
e
g
r
id
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
a
P
V
g
en
er
ato
r
u
s
in
g
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
p
o
in
t
tr
ac
k
i
n
g
(
MP
PT
)
w
it
h
p
er
tu
r
b
a
n
d
o
b
s
er
v
e
(
P
an
d
O)
al
g
o
r
ith
m
a
n
d
v
o
lt
ag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
i
n
v
er
ter
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
as
w
ell
a
s
it
s
e
f
f
ec
t
o
n
c
u
r
r
en
t
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
in
j
ec
t
ed
in
to
t
h
e
g
r
id
a
n
d
a
g
r
id
v
o
ltag
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
h
as
b
ee
n
in
v
es
tig
a
ted
b
y
A
l
m
as
Ho
s
s
ai
n
Mo
llah
et.
al.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
ar
e
o
n
l
y
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
at
s
i
n
g
le
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
a
n
d
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
(
1
0
0
0
W
/m
2
a
n
d
2
5
o
C
)
an
d
d
i
d
n
o
t
co
n
s
id
er
v
o
ltag
e/cu
r
r
e
n
t
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
m
i
g
i
tatio
n
a
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
I
E
E
E
5
1
9
-
1
9
9
2
[
6
]
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
P
V
g
en
er
ato
r
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
n
p
o
w
er
q
u
alit
y
o
n
t
h
r
ee
p
h
ase
g
r
id
P
C
C
b
u
s
u
n
d
er
v
ar
iab
le
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
c
e
u
s
i
n
g
d
o
u
b
le
t
u
n
ed
f
ilter
s
h
as
b
ee
n
s
t
u
d
ied
b
y
Am
ir
u
lla
h
et.
a
l.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
s
h
o
w
s
th
at
at
a
f
i
x
ed
s
o
lar
r
ad
i
atio
n
le
v
el,
th
e
m
o
r
e
a
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
P
V
g
en
er
ato
r
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
t
o
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
g
r
id
,
av
er
ag
e
T
HD
o
f
g
r
id
v
o
lta
g
e/
cu
r
r
en
t
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
.
Oth
er
w
i
s
e
a
t
lev
el
o
f
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
iace
in
cr
ea
s
ed
,
av
er
ag
e
T
HD
o
f
g
r
id
v
o
ltag
e/c
u
r
r
en
t
also
in
cr
ea
s
ed
.
Do
u
b
le
tu
n
ed
p
ass
i
v
e
f
ilter
c
a
n
r
ed
u
ce
a
v
e
r
ag
e
T
HD
o
f
g
r
id
v
o
ltag
e/c
u
r
r
en
t.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
i
s
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
at
a
f
i
x
ed
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
le
v
el
o
f
4
0
0
C
,
w
h
er
ea
s
t
h
e
f
ac
t
in
d
icate
s
t
h
at
a
m
b
ien
t
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
an
d
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
ar
e
th
e
m
a
in
i
n
p
u
t
v
ar
iab
le
f
o
r
P
V
g
en
er
ato
r
w
h
o
s
e
v
alu
e
s
ar
e
al
w
a
y
s
c
h
an
g
i
n
g
with
ti
m
e
[
7
]
.
A
co
m
b
i
n
ed
s
y
s
t
e
m
o
f
a
t
h
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
f
o
u
r
-
w
ir
e
s
h
u
n
t
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
f
ilter
(
S
A
P
F),
an
d
p
h
o
to
v
o
lta
ic
g
e
n
er
ato
r
(
P
VG)
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
R
ich
id
B
elaid
i,
et.
al.
T
h
e
P
VG
-
S
A
P
F
is
ca
p
ab
le
to
s
o
lv
e
th
e
p
o
w
er
q
u
alit
y
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
s
u
c
h
as
r
ed
u
ce
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
cu
r
r
e
n
t
,
co
m
p
e
n
s
ate
r
ea
cti
v
e
p
o
w
er
f
o
r
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
,
an
d
u
n
b
alan
ce
lo
ad
,
as
w
ell
as
in
j
ec
t
th
e
is
s
u
ed
en
er
g
y
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
P
VG
in
to
th
e
u
t
ilit
y
g
r
id
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
th
e
p
o
w
er
q
u
al
it
y
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
an
a
l
y
s
i
s
i
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
w
as
o
n
l
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
s
in
g
le
P
V
G
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
m
et
h
o
d
f
o
r
b
alan
cin
g
l
in
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
a
n
d
v
o
ltag
e,
d
u
e
to
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
DG
s
i.e
.
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
i
n
g
le
p
h
a
s
e
P
V
g
e
n
er
atio
n
u
n
i
ts
i
n
h
o
m
e
s
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
esen
ted
b
y
Am
ir
u
l
lah
,
et.
al.
T
h
e
s
i
n
g
le
p
h
a
s
e
P
V
g
en
er
ato
r
is
i
n
s
talled
r
an
d
o
m
l
y
o
n
a
2
2
0
k
V
a
n
d
5
0
Hz
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
f
o
u
r
w
ir
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
u
s
i
n
g
b
atter
y
e
n
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
(
B
E
S)
an
d
th
r
ee
s
in
g
le
p
h
ase
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
in
v
er
ter
cir
cu
its
.
T
h
e
r
e
s
u
lt
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
th
e
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
B
E
S
a
n
d
t
h
r
ee
s
in
g
le
p
h
ase
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
in
v
er
ter
ar
e
ab
le
to
r
ed
u
ce
u
n
b
alan
ce
d
li
n
e
cu
r
r
en
t/
v
o
ltag
e.
Ot
h
er
w
i
s
e,
th
e
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
b
o
th
cir
cu
it
i
s
ab
le
to
in
r
ea
s
es c
u
r
r
e
n
t/
v
o
lta
g
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
[
9
].
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ts
en
h
an
ce
m
en
t
o
f
p
o
w
er
q
u
alit
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
d
u
e
to
i
n
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
m
u
lt
i
u
n
its
P
V
g
en
er
ato
r
u
s
i
n
g
a
b
an
d
p
ass
f
i
l
ter
to
3
8
0
k
V
(
p
h
ase
-
p
h
ase
)
5
0
Hz
lo
w
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
i
o
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
o
n
P
C
C
b
u
s
u
n
d
er
v
ar
iab
le
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
an
d
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
lev
el
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
is
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
t
h
r
ee
P
V
g
en
er
ato
r
s
g
r
o
u
p
w
i
th
1
0
0
k
W
ac
ti
v
e
p
o
w
er
.
B
esid
e
co
n
n
ec
t
to
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
g
r
id
,
P
V
g
en
er
ato
r
s
ar
e
also
lin
k
ed
to
th
r
ee
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
f
t
h
r
ee
p
h
ase
lo
ad
s
e
ac
h
h
a
v
i
n
g
2
0
k
W
ac
ti
v
e
p
o
w
er
.
Po
w
er
q
u
alit
y
s
t
u
d
ied
ar
e
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
cu
r
r
en
t
u
n
b
ala
n
ce
a
s
w
ell
as
v
o
lta
g
e
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
in
1
2
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
on
P
V
g
e
n
er
ato
r
co
n
n
ec
ted
P
C
C
b
u
s
o
f
th
r
ee
p
h
a
s
e
g
r
id
.
T
h
e
b
an
d
p
a
s
s
f
il
ter
m
o
d
el
s
(
s
i
n
g
le
tu
n
ed
an
d
d
o
u
b
le
t
u
n
ed
)
ar
e
i
n
s
talle
d
to
en
h
an
ce
p
o
w
er
q
u
alit
y
o
n
th
e
co
n
d
it
io
n
s
i.e
.
w
it
h
o
u
t
f
i
lter
,
w
i
th
s
in
g
le
t
u
n
ed
f
ilter
,
an
d
w
ith
d
o
u
b
le
t
u
n
ed
f
ilter
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
ar
e
f
u
r
t
h
er
v
al
id
ated
w
i
th
A
NSI
/
I
E
E
E
2
4
1
-
1
9
9
0
(
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
u
n
b
alan
ce
)
a
n
d
I
E
E
E
5
1
9
-
1
9
9
2
f
o
r
(
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
c
u
r
r
en
t
T
HD)
,
a
s
a
b
ase
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
p
o
w
er
q
u
alit
y
le
v
el
.
Si
m
u
latio
n
an
d
an
al
y
s
is
r
es
u
lt
s
u
s
e
Ma
tlab
/
Si
m
u
l
in
k
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
an
ized
as
f
o
llo
w
.
Sectio
n
2
p
r
esen
ts
r
esear
ch
m
et
h
o
d
i.e
.
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
o
f
s
in
g
le
P
V
g
e
n
e
r
ato
r
w
i
th
b
a
n
d
p
ass
f
ilter
,
m
o
d
el
m
u
lt
i
u
n
i
ts
o
f
P
V
g
e
n
er
ato
r
,
s
i
m
u
latio
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
,
eq
u
iv
ale
n
t
cir
c
u
it
a
n
d
m
at
h
e
m
atica
l
of
P
V
m
o
d
el,
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
an
d
v
o
ltag
e/c
u
r
r
en
t
u
n
b
al
an
ce
,
an
d
b
an
d
p
ass
fi
lter
m
o
d
el
.
Sectio
n
3
d
escr
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in
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l
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o
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v
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o
la
r
ir
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ad
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te
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r
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u
n
b
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y
,
t
h
e
p
ap
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in
co
n
clu
d
ed
in
Sectio
n
4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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(
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(6
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m
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y
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5
1
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.
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t
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.