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f
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A
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R)
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h
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t
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a
n
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e
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li
c
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e
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t
h
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ter
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m
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lt
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sc
h
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m
e
is
b
a
se
d
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n
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m
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T
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f
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m
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T
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p
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c
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se
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d
d
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g
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ian
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AWG
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a
n
d
COST
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m
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lt
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th
fa
d
in
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c
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.
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h
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m
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ri
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w
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t
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d
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h
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e
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e
p
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m
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m
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f
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s,
t
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ro
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u
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g
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in
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ter
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m
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lso
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m
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l
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p
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t
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l
l
y
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l
s
o
,
t
h
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m
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in
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y
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n
d
i
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a
s v
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m
p
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m
p
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re
d
to
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BM
C
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
5
G
FB
MC
OFDM
OOB
P
A
P
R
r
ed
u
ctio
n
P
u
ls
e
s
h
ap
in
g
ST
C
Co
p
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rig
h
t
©
2
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2
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In
stit
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A
d
v
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d
E
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S
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.
Al
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rig
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ts re
se
rv
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d
.
C
o
r
r
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s
p
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A
uth
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r
:
Mo
h
a
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Yas
in
I
.
A
f
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Dep
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C
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Al
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Stre
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@
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I
NT
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D
UCT
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O
N
As
g
r
o
w
t
h
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f
w
ir
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s
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies,
th
er
e
i
s
an
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
in
m
o
b
il
it
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,
co
v
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a
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e,
d
ata
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s
p
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tr
al
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icien
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a
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t
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ai
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tec
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i
q
u
e
f
o
r
4
G
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
OFDM
[
1
-
2]
.
OFDM
co
n
v
er
ts
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
s
elec
t
iv
e
f
ad
i
n
g
ch
an
n
el
i
n
to
f
lat
f
ad
i
n
g
ch
a
n
n
el
an
d
h
e
n
ce
OFDM
h
a
s
s
i
m
p
le
r
ec
eiv
er
[
3
,
4
]
.
Nev
er
th
eles
s
,
OFDM
h
a
s
d
is
ad
v
an
ta
g
es,
s
u
ch
as
lar
g
e
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
s
id
e
lo
b
es,
af
f
ec
ti
n
g
h
i
g
h
ad
j
ac
en
t
ch
a
n
n
el
i
n
te
r
f
er
en
ce
a
n
d
OOB
r
ad
iatio
n
[
5
,
6
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
th
is
,
OF
DM
s
y
s
te
m
s
u
f
f
er
s
f
r
o
m
lar
g
e
P
A
P
R
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
m
a
n
y
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
P
A
P
R
[
7
,
8]
.
T
h
ese
m
et
h
o
d
s
ar
e
class
i
f
ied
in
to
;
clip
p
in
g
,
s
cr
a
m
b
lin
g
,
an
d
co
d
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
ese
m
eth
o
d
s
ar
e
ea
s
y
f
o
r
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
,
th
e
y
m
a
y
ca
u
s
e
OOB
r
ad
iatio
n
an
d
b
an
d
d
is
to
r
tio
n
,
w
h
ic
h
w
o
u
ld
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
ad
j
ac
en
t c
h
an
n
el
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
s
an
d
B
E
R
.
I
n
5
G,
a
fi
lter
b
a
n
k
m
u
lt
icar
r
ier
(
FB
MC)
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
OFDM
li
m
itat
io
n
s
[
9
]
.
FB
MC
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
e
i
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
a
m
i
x
t
u
r
e
o
f
m
u
ltip
lex
in
g
an
d
m
o
d
u
la
tio
n
b
y
s
p
litt
i
n
g
th
e
w
id
eb
an
d
ch
an
n
el
i
n
to
a
s
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o
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A
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efficien
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Mo
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fifi
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s
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c
h
a
n
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w
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a
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d
ch
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n
n
el
s
[
1
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,
1
1
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.
T
h
e
FB
MC
s
c
h
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m
e
co
m
p
en
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ates
ti
m
es
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a
n
OF
D
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d
w
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t
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n
[
1
2
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1
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.
A
lth
o
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g
h
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FB
MC
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
b
etter
s
p
ec
tr
al
co
n
tain
m
e
n
t
t
h
a
n
OF
DM
,
t
h
e
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
s
w
it
h
i
n
a
n
d
n
ea
r
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
b
an
d
u
s
ed
w
ill
b
e
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
el
y
atten
u
ated
[
1
4
,
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
th
i
s
p
ap
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m
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s
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m
m
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n
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n
s
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te
m
s
to
f
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5
G
tech
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ased
o
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s
y
m
b
o
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ti
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e
co
m
p
r
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C
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s
ch
e
m
e.
T
h
e
ST
C
s
ch
e
m
e
co
m
p
r
ese
s
s
OF
DM
s
y
m
o
l
d
u
r
atio
n
in
to
th
e
h
alf
[
1
6
,
1
7
]
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
w
ill
e
x
p
lo
it
th
e
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0
%
co
m
p
r
es
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
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y
m
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l
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u
r
atio
n
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h
at
i
s
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
t
h
e
ST
C
s
c
h
e
m
e
b
y
e
x
ten
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
y
m
b
o
l
d
u
r
at
io
n
w
it
h
o
u
t
lo
s
s
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ST
C
-
Sh
ap
ed
s
ch
e
m
e
i
s
ac
h
ie
v
ed
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
in
ter
leav
er
-
s
p
r
ea
d
er
an
d
s
y
m
b
o
l
s
h
ap
er
in
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
m
itter
.
T
h
e
i
n
ter
leav
er
-
s
p
r
ea
d
er
w
ill
r
ea
r
r
an
g
e
th
e
d
ata
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
r
ess
e
d
OFDM
s
y
m
b
o
l
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
w
h
o
le
OF
DM
s
y
m
b
o
l c
o
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
f
o
u
r
p
ar
ts
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
th
e
f
ir
s
t h
a
lf
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
p
r
ess
ed
d
ata
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
it
s
m
ir
r
o
r
an
d
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
h
alf
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
p
r
ess
ed
d
ata
f
o
l
lo
w
ed
b
y
it
s
m
ir
r
o
r
.
T
h
en
,
s
y
m
b
o
l
s
h
ap
er
w
ill
b
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
b
y
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
aised
co
s
in
e
f
u
n
ct
io
n
(
R
C
F)
.
T
h
e
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
d
ata
an
d
its
m
ir
r
o
r
w
it
h
s
y
m
b
o
l
s
h
ap
er
u
s
i
n
g
w
i
ll
g
r
an
t
co
r
r
ec
tl
y
r
etr
i
v
i
n
g
d
at
a
in
r
ec
iev
er
.
I
n
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
er
s
id
e,
th
e
eq
u
alize
r
an
d
d
esp
r
ea
d
er
-
co
m
b
in
er
is
ac
h
iev
ed
.
T
h
e
eq
u
alize
r
s
tr
at
eg
y
is
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
v
ia
th
r
e
e
s
ta
g
es;
FF
T
,
ze
r
o
f
o
r
cin
g
eq
u
aliza
tio
n
,
an
d
I
FF
T
o
p
er
atio
n
.
T
h
e
d
esp
r
ea
d
er
-
co
m
b
i
n
er
w
ill
b
e
co
m
b
in
ed
d
ata
p
ar
t
w
it
h
its
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
in
m
ir
r
o
r
p
ar
ts
to
r
ec
o
v
er
th
e
co
m
p
r
es
s
ed
OF
DM
s
y
m
b
o
l.
Th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
e
m
e
r
ed
u
ce
s
OOB
f
o
r
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
w
h
i
ch
is
v
er
y
clo
s
e
to
th
a
t
is
in
f
i
lter
b
an
k
.
I
n
th
i
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
C
P
ex
ten
s
i
o
n
is
eli
m
i
n
ated
w
it
h
o
u
t
e
f
f
ec
t
o
n
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
co
n
v
e
n
tial
OF
DM
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
,
C
P
is
eli
m
i
n
ated
,
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
is
m
o
r
e
r
u
b
o
s
t
ag
a
n
is
t
I
SI
in
m
u
ltip
at
h
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
I
n
t
h
i
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
P
A
P
R
is
also
r
ed
u
ce
d
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
co
n
v
en
ti
o
n
al
O
FDM.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
an
ized
a
s
f
o
llo
w
s
:
I
n
Secti
o
n
2
,
th
e
OFDM
-
ST
C
m
o
d
el
h
a
s
b
ee
n
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
h
a
s
b
ee
n
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
i
n
Sec
tio
n
3
.
C
o
m
p
lex
i
t
y
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
f
o
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
h
as
b
ee
n
il
lu
s
tr
ated
in
Sect
i
o
n
4
.
I
n
Sectio
n
5
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
n
u
m
er
ical
r
esu
lts
.
Fi
n
a
ll
y
,
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
h
as b
ee
n
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
i
n
Sectio
n
6
.
2.
O
F
DM
-
ST
C
s
y
s
t
e
m
T
h
e
ST
C
s
ch
e
m
e
co
m
p
r
es
s
e
s
OFD
M
s
y
m
b
o
l
in
to
o
n
e
h
alf
.
T
h
e
ST
C
s
c
h
e
m
e
i
s
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
s
p
r
ea
d
in
g
an
d
co
m
b
i
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
a
n
d
th
e
s
y
m
b
o
l
ti
m
e
e
x
p
an
s
io
n
(
ST
E
)
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
.
T
h
e
s
p
r
ea
d
in
g
an
d
co
m
b
in
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
th
e
ST
C
tr
an
s
m
itter
is
ac
h
ie
v
ed
as
in
T
a
b
le
1
an
d
th
e
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
t
h
e
ST
C
tr
an
s
m
itter
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
[
1
6
,
1
7
]
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Sp
r
ea
d
in
g
an
d
co
m
b
i
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
T
r
a
n
smit
t
e
d
b
i
t
s
P
o
l
a
r
f
o
r
m
W
a
l
sh
c
o
d
e
S
p
r
e
a
d
e
d
d
a
t
a
C
o
mb
i
n
e
r
o
u
t
p
u
t
1
b
1
=
1
c
0
=
1
1
1
1
0
2
0
b
2
=
−
1
c
1
=
1
−
1
−
1
1
S
y
m
b
o
l
M
a
p
p
i
n
g
1
c
S
/
P
b
1
b
2
0
c
b
i
t
s
t
r
e
a
m
s
b
3
0
c
1
c
b
4
b
N
1
b
N
1
c
0
c
0
1
c
b
1
2
c
b
0
3
c
b
1
4
c
b
0
1
c
b
N
1
c
b
N
c
d
1
c
d
2
c
N
d
2
I
F
F
T
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/
S
CP
I
n
s
e
r
t
i
o
n
t
o
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
ST
C
tr
an
s
m
i
tter
[
1
6
]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
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0
8
8
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8708
I
n
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10
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T
h
e
in
p
u
t
d
ata
s
tr
ea
m
is
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o
v
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ed
u
s
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E
p
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s
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d
e
s
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u
s
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th
e
s
a
m
e
co
d
e
th
at
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at
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
.
T
h
e
ST
E
p
r
o
ce
s
s
w
ill
b
e
ill
u
s
tr
ated
in
T
ab
le
2
an
d
th
e
ST
C
r
ec
eiv
er
s
ch
e
m
e
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
.
Fin
a
ll
y
,
t
h
e
ST
C
s
ch
e
m
e
h
a
s
b
ee
n
r
ed
u
ce
d
OF
DM
s
y
m
b
o
l
d
u
r
atio
n
to
h
al
f
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
ex
p
lo
its
th
is
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
f
o
r
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
P
A
P
R
,
OOB
an
d
I
SI
as illu
s
tr
ated
in
t
h
e
n
e
x
t sect
io
n
.
T
ab
le
2
.
S
T
E
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
r
ST
C
C
o
mb
i
n
e
r
o
u
t
p
u
t
(
d
)
d
c
0
b
̂
1
=
1
2
∑
d
c
0
c
1
b
̂
2
=
1
2
∑
d
c
1
0
2
0
2
1
0
−
2
−
1
S
y
m
b
o
l
D
e
m
a
p
p
e
r
1
c
P
/
S
b
ˆ
1
b
ˆ
2
0
c
b
i
t
s
t
r
e
a
m
s
b
ˆ
3
0
c
b
4
b
N
1
b
N
1
c
c
Y
1
ˆ
c
Y
2
ˆ
c
N
Y
2
ˆ
FFT
S
/
P
CP
R
e
m
o
v
a
l
c
Y
1
c
Y
2
c
N
Y
2
0
c
1
c
f
r
o
m
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
b
T
c
dt
c
Y
0
0
1
ˆ
b
T
c
dt
c
Y
0
1
1
ˆ
b
T
c
dt
c
Y
0
0
2
ˆ
b
T
c
dt
c
Y
0
1
2
ˆ
b
T
c
N
dt
c
Y
0
0
1
2
ˆ
b
T
c
N
dt
c
Y
0
1
1
2
ˆ
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
ST
C
r
ec
eiv
er
[
1
6
]
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
im
e
d
o
m
ain
s
i
g
n
al
o
f
th
e
ST
C
s
c
h
e
m
e
a
n
d
OFD
M
3.
T
H
E
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
ST
C
-
SH
AP
E
D
SCH
E
M
E
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ST
C
-
Sh
ap
ed
s
ch
e
m
e
is
ac
h
iev
ed
v
ia
i
n
t
er
leav
er
-
s
p
r
ea
d
er
an
d
s
y
m
b
o
l
s
h
ap
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es a
t tr
an
s
m
it
ter
s
id
e,
w
h
ile
co
m
b
i
n
i
n
g
an
d
eq
u
aliza
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es a
t r
ec
eiv
er
s
id
e.
T
h
e
B
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
th
e
o
v
er
all
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
.
3
.
1
.
ST
C
-
s
ha
ped t
ra
ns
m
it
t
er
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
b
a
s
ed
o
n
ST
C
p
atter
n
r
ea
llo
ca
tio
n
in
th
e
tr
an
s
m
it
ter
s
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e.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
m
i
tter
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
e
m
e
is
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
v
ia
t
w
o
s
ta
g
es;
s
p
r
ea
d
er
-
in
ter
lea
v
er
an
d
t
h
e
s
y
m
b
o
l
s
h
ap
er
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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Fig
u
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h
ap
ed
S
y
s
te
m
3
.
1
.
1
.
I
nte
rlea
v
er
-
s
pre
a
der
T
h
is
d
ev
elo
p
ed
s
ta
g
e
s
p
r
ea
d
s
t
h
e
ST
C
o
u
tp
u
t
s
d
ata
in
to
N
s
ize
s
i
m
ilar
to
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
O
FDM
s
y
m
b
o
l.
So
r
tin
g
an
d
in
ter
lea
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
eq
u
en
ce
d
ata
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
I
n
ter
leav
er
-
Sp
r
ea
d
er
p
r
o
ce
s
s
T
h
e
m
ir
r
o
r
in
g
ar
r
an
g
e
m
e
n
t
s
g
r
an
t
t
h
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
u
s
in
g
r
a
i
s
ed
co
s
in
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
i
n
s
tead
o
f
th
e
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
ST
C
.
C
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
OFDM
s
y
m
b
o
l
w
ith
(
1
×
)
is
co
m
p
r
ess
ed
in
to
h
alf
b
y
u
s
in
g
ST
C
w
it
h
(
1
×
/
2
)
,
w
h
er
e
N
r
ef
er
s
to
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
o
f
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
OFDM.
T
h
e
ST
C
d
ata
w
i
th
A
=
[
A
1
A
2
…
…
…
A
N
2
]
(
1
×
N
/
2
)
en
ter
s
to
in
ter
leav
er
an
d
s
p
r
ea
d
er
s
tag
e.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
d
ata
f
r
o
m
in
ter
lea
v
er
-
s
p
r
ea
d
er
is
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
1
4
2
4
1
2
2
2
2
4
1
4
1
1
4
4
4
2
1
.....
.....
.....
.....
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
T
h
u
s
,
a
f
ter
i
n
ter
leav
er
-
s
p
r
ea
d
er
th
e
co
m
p
r
e
s
s
ed
O
FDM
s
y
m
b
o
l
is
ex
te
n
d
ed
to
b
e
w
i
th
s
ize
N.
T
h
e
v
ec
to
r
B
as f
o
llo
w
s
: B
=
[
B
1
B
2
B
3
…
…
…
B
N
]
(
1
×
N
)
3
.
1
.
2
.
Sy
m
bo
l
s
ha
p
er
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
aised
c
o
s
in
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
(
R
C
F)
i
n
(
1
)
is
s
u
g
g
est
ed
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
=
0
.
5
∗
(
1
−
2
)
,
0
≤
≤
−
1
(
1
)
T
h
e
R
C
F
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
r
o
v
id
ed
th
at
th
e
co
m
p
le
m
e
n
tar
y
c
o
n
ce
p
t
in
t
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
h
al
f
a
n
d
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
h
alf
i
s
ac
h
iev
ed
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
6
.
A
t
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
h
a
lf
,
th
e
f
ir
s
t
ele
m
en
t
i
s
co
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
to
t
h
e
l
ast
ele
m
e
n
t;
a
ls
o
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ele
m
e
n
t
i
s
co
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
to
th
e
b
e
f
o
r
e
las
t
ele
m
e
n
t
an
d
s
o
o
n
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
h
alf
o
f
d
ata
v
ec
to
r
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
R
C
F
is
id
en
tical
to
th
e
f
ir
s
t
h
a
lf
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
f
r
o
m
s
y
m
b
o
l
s
h
ap
er
s
tag
e
is
ca
lled
C
w
it
h
(
1
×
)
w
h
ic
h
is
t
r
an
s
m
itted
th
r
o
u
g
h
ch
a
n
n
el.
T
h
e
R
C
F
is
g
iv
e
n
b
y
:
R
=
[
R
1
R
2
R
3
…
…
…
R
N
]
(
1
×
N
)
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
ST
C
-
Sh
ap
ed
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
m
u
lt
ip
licatio
n
o
f
ea
ch
s
a
m
p
le
in
B
b
y
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
co
ef
f
ic
ien
t
i
n
R
.
As,
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
f
r
o
m
s
y
m
b
o
l
s
h
a
p
e
r
s
t
a
g
e
a
s
f
o
l
l
o
w
s
:
C
=
[
C
1
…
…
…
C
N
]
(
1
×
N
)
W
h
e
r
e
;
C
1
=
(
B
1
∗
R
1
)
,
⋯
C
N
=
(
B
N
∗
R
N
)
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
r
aised
co
s
i
n
e
m
u
lt
i
p
licatio
n
w
it
h
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
in
ter
leav
er
-
s
p
r
ea
d
er
o
f
f
er
s
f
o
u
r
b
en
ef
it
s
;
OOB
,
P
A
P
R
,
I
SI
r
ed
u
ctio
n
an
d
in
cr
e
ase
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
2
0
2
0
:
5
3
0
6
-
5315
5310
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
aised
co
s
in
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
(
R
C
F)
3
.
2
.
ST
C
-
s
ha
ped r
ec
eiv
er
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
r
i
s
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
t
w
o
s
t
a
g
e
s
;
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
e
q
u
a
l
i
z
e
r
a
n
d
d
e
s
p
r
e
a
d
e
r
-
c
o
m
b
i
n
e
r
.
3
.
2
.
1
.
Cha
nn
el
equa
liza
t
io
n pro
ce
s
s
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
a
n
d
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
ar
e
s
tu
d
ied
u
n
d
er
A
W
GN
an
d
m
u
l
tip
ath
R
a
y
le
ig
h
f
ad
i
n
g
ch
a
n
n
el
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
to
co
m
b
at
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
f
ad
in
g
c
h
a
n
n
e
l.
E
q
u
aliza
t
io
n
s
tr
ate
g
y
is
n
ee
d
ed
f
o
r
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
B
E
R
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
co
m
p
lex
it
y
w
ill
b
e
s
li
g
h
tl
y
in
cr
ea
s
ed
o
v
er
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
O
FDM.
T
h
e
eq
u
aliza
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
7
.
FFT
I
F
F
T
r
x
R
x
Z
x
z
x
H
R
x
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Eq
u
aliza
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
T
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
y
m
b
o
l
(
r
x
)
en
ter
s
in
to
eq
u
aliza
tio
n
s
ta
g
e
a
n
d
its
o
u
tp
u
t
v
ec
to
r
(
z
x
)
w
it
h
(
1
×
N
)
.
T
h
e
ch
an
n
el
eq
u
aliza
t
io
n
is
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
FF
T
f
o
r
r
ec
ei
v
e
d
s
y
m
b
o
l,
ze
r
o
f
o
r
cin
g
eq
u
al
izer
an
d
t
h
e
n
I
F
FT
o
p
er
atio
n
.
Fin
all
y
,
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
d
ata
af
t
er
eq
u
aliza
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
IF
F
T
(
Z
x
)
=
[
Z
1
Z
2
Z
3
…
…
…
Z
N
]
(
1
×
N
)
.
3
.
2
.
2
.
Desprea
din
g
-
co
m
bin
i
n
g
pro
ce
s
s
T
h
is
s
tag
e
is
u
s
ed
in
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
to
r
ec
o
v
er
c
o
m
p
r
ess
ed
OF
DM
s
y
m
b
o
l.
T
h
e
r
ec
o
v
er
y
d
at
a
co
u
ld
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
=
(
1
+
2
)
(
2
+
2
−
1
)
…
(
4
+
4
+
1
)
(
2
+
1
+
)
(
2
+
2
+
−
1
)
…
(
3
4
+
3
4
+
1
)
T
h
ese
y
ield
,
X
=
[
X
1
X
2
…
.
X
N
2
]
(
1
×
N
2
)
is
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
a
s
a
tis
f
ac
to
r
y
d
ata
r
ec
o
v
er
y
.
4.
CO
M
P
L
E
XIT
Y
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
t
h
e
co
m
p
u
tati
o
n
al
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ST
C
-
S
h
ap
ed
s
y
s
te
m
is
d
er
iv
ed
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
ea
l
m
u
ltip
licatio
n
s
(
R
Ms)
a
n
d
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
ea
l
ad
d
itio
n
s
(
R
A
s
)
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
O
FDM,
ST
C
s
ch
e
m
e,
a
n
d
FB
MC.
I
t
is
n
o
ted
th
at,
N
is
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
an
d
K
is
o
v
er
lap
p
ed
f
ac
to
r
o
f
FB
MC.
T
ab
le
3
s
u
m
m
ar
izes t
h
e
co
m
p
u
t
a
tio
n
a
l c
o
m
p
le
x
ities
f
o
r
ea
ch
s
y
s
te
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
A
n
efficien
t te
ch
n
iq
u
e
fo
r
o
u
t
-
of
-
b
a
n
d
p
o
w
er red
u
ctio
n
fo
r
…
(
Mo
h
a
med
Ya
s
in
I
.
A
fifi
)
5311
Fin
all
y
,
t
h
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
s
ch
e
m
e
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
N
l
og
2
N
,
o
n
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
FB
MC
t
h
at
is
u
s
ed
i
n
5
G
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
N
2
.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ST
C
-
Sh
a
p
ed
s
y
s
te
m
ca
n
f
o
llo
w
5
G
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
w
it
h
v
er
y
lo
w
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
co
m
p
lex
it
y
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
FB
MC.
I
n
th
e
n
e
x
t
s
ec
tio
n
,
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ST
C
-
Sh
ap
ed
s
y
s
te
m
is
ac
h
i
ev
ed
u
s
i
n
g
m
a
tlab
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
.
T
ab
le
3
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
ea
l
m
u
ltip
licatio
n
an
d
ad
d
itio
n
o
p
er
atio
n
s
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
s
c
h
e
m
es
M
e
t
h
o
d
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
R
M
s
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
R
A
s
C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
l
O
F
D
M
[
1
8
]
2N
lo
g
2
N
−
2N
3
N
l
o
g
2
N
−
N
S
T
C
sch
e
me
N
lo
g
2
N
2
−
N
3
2
N
l
o
g
2
N
2
−
N
2
F
B
M
C
[
1
9
]
2k
N
2
+
3
N
2N
(
NK
−
1
)
+
3N
+
N
−
1
P
r
o
p
o
se
d
sy
st
e
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ti
m
e
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d
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m
ai
n
OFDM
s
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g
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al
[
20
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h
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llo
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s
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ec
tio
n
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p
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A
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ctio
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s
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g
o
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cr
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s
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g
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m
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le
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y
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h
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r
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o
s
ed
ST
C
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ig
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y
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ce
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m
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ar
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h
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p
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o
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ed
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t
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h
u
s
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h
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Fig
u
r
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8
.
(
a)
P
SD o
f
OFDM
a
n
d
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b
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SD o
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FB
MC [
2
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
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5312
Fig
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2
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T
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5
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A
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e
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ates
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ated
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Fig
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10
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(
a)
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ar
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l
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it
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t s
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ap
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b
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w
it
h
s
h
a
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d
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Hig
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ated
b
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u
m
m
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s
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s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
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&
C
o
m
p
E
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g
I
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N:
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A
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5313
Fro
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CO
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s
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ly
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h
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s
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th
e
p
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ch
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a
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ce
t
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eq
u
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ed
i
n
5
G
s
y
s
te
m
s
b
u
t
w
i
th
v
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lo
w
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
G
u
p
ta,
Ak
h
il
,
a
n
d
Ra
k
e
sh
Ku
m
a
r
Jh
a
,
"
A
su
rv
e
y
o
f
5
G
n
e
t
w
o
rk
:
A
r
c
h
it
e
c
tu
re
a
n
d
e
m
e
r
g
in
g
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
,
"
IEE
E
a
c
c
e
ss
,
v
o
l.
3
,
1
2
0
6
-
1
2
3
2
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
]
T
a
o
,
Yu
n
z
h
e
n
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
A
su
rv
e
y
:
S
e
v
e
ra
l
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ie
s
o
f
n
o
n
-
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
a
l
tran
sm
is
sio
n
f
o
r
5
G
,
"
Ch
in
a
c
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
5
,
2
0
1
5
.
[3
]
P
ietik
ä
in
e
n
,
Ka
ri,
"
Orth
o
g
o
n
a
l
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
d
iv
isio
n
m
u
lt
ip
lex
in
g
,
"
In
ter
n
e
t
p
re
se
n
ta
ti
o
n
,
2
0
0
5
.
[4
]
L
i,
X
iao
d
o
n
g
,
Co
n
sta
n
ti
n
o
s
Ba
sil
P
a
p
a
d
ias
,
a
n
d
Ha
rish
V
isw
a
n
a
th
a
n
,
"
Orth
o
g
o
n
a
l
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
d
iv
isio
n
m
u
lt
i
p
lex
in
g
tran
sm
it
d
iv
e
rsit
y
s
y
ste
m
f
o
r
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
-
s
e
lec
ti
v
e
f
a
d
in
g
c
h
a
n
n
e
ls,"
U.S
.
Pa
ten
t
No
.
7
,
0
2
0
,
0
7
2
,
2
0
0
6
.
[5
]
K.
Hu
ss
a
in
,
A
.
Lo
jo
,
a
n
d
R.
Ló
p
e
z
-
V
a
lca
rc
e
,
"
F
lex
ib
le
sp
e
c
tra
l
p
re
c
o
d
in
g
f
o
r
sid
e
lo
b
e
su
p
p
re
ss
io
n
in
O
F
D
M
s
y
ste
m
s,"
IEE
E
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Ac
o
u
stics
,
S
p
e
e
c
h
a
n
d
S
i
g
n
a
l
Pr
o
c
e
ss
in
g
,
p
p
.
4
7
8
9
-
4
7
9
3
,
2
0
1
9
.
[6
]
M
izu
tan
i,
Yu
ji
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
A
L
o
w
-
p
a
ss
F
il
tere
d
T
ime
-
d
o
m
a
in
W
in
d
o
w
f
o
r
DFT
s
-
OFDM
to
Re
d
u
c
e
Ou
t
-
of
-
ba
nd
Em
issio
n
w
it
h
L
o
w
Co
m
p
lex
it
y
,
"
1
6
th
IE
EE
An
n
u
a
l
Co
n
su
me
r
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
Ne
two
rk
i
n
g
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
p
p
.
1
-
2
,
2
0
1
9
.
[7
]
L
in
,
S
h
u
-
P
in
g
,
Yu
n
g
-
F
a
n
g
Ch
e
n
,
a
n
d
S
h
u
-
M
i
n
g
T
s
e
n
g
,
"
Itera
ti
v
e
s
m
o
o
th
i
n
g
f
il
terin
g
sc
h
e
m
e
s
b
y
u
sin
g
c
li
p
p
i
n
g
n
o
ise
-
a
ss
isted
sig
n
a
ls
f
o
r
P
A
P
R
re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
in
OFDM
-
ba
se
d
c
a
rrier
a
g
g
re
g
a
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s,"
IET
Co
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
1
3
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
8
0
2
-
8
0
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[8
]
L
u
,
S
h
ix
ian
,
Da
im
i
n
g
Qu
,
a
n
d
Ye
ju
n
He
,
"
S
li
d
in
g
w
in
d
o
w
to
n
e
re
se
rv
a
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
th
e
p
e
a
k
-
to
-
a
v
e
ra
g
e
p
o
w
e
r
ra
ti
o
re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
o
f
F
BM
C
-
OQ
A
M
sig
n
a
ls,
"
IEE
E
W
ire
les
s
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l.
1
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
6
8
-
2
7
1
,
2
0
1
2
.
[9
]
M
a
h
a
m
a
,
S
u
m
a
il
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
It
e
ra
ti
v
e
i
n
ter
f
e
re
n
c
e
c
a
n
c
e
ll
a
ti
o
n
in
F
BM
C
-
QA
M
sy
ste
m
s,
"
IEE
E
W
ire
les
s
Co
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
s a
n
d
Ne
two
rk
in
g
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
0
]
Zh
a
o
,
Z
h
a
o
,
Nik
o
la
V
u
c
ic,
a
n
d
M
a
lt
e
S
c
h
e
ll
m
a
n
n
,
"
T
r
a
n
s
m
it
ter,
re
c
e
iv
e
r
a
n
d
sy
ste
m
f
o
r
f
il
ter
b
a
n
k
m
u
lt
ica
rrier
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
"
U.S
.
Pa
ten
t
No
.
1
0
,
3
5
5
,
9
0
4
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
1
]
U.
C.
S
a
m
a
l,
B.
A
p
p
a
sa
n
i,
a
n
d
D
.
Ku
m
a
r
M
o
h
a
n
ta,
"
5
G
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
Ne
tw
o
rk
s
a
n
d
M
o
d
u
lat
io
n
S
c
h
e
m
e
s
f
o
r
Ne
x
t
-
G
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
S
m
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rt
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rid
s,
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d
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ig
it
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.
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