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o
ctav
e,
th
e
s
e
tech
n
iq
u
es
s
h
o
w
f
e
w
w
ea
k
p
o
in
t
s
in
t
er
m
s
o
f
VSW
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
g
ain
f
lat
n
ess
as
w
ell
a
s
n
ec
es
s
itate
m
o
r
e
m
atc
h
in
g
ele
m
en
ts
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
at
h
ig
h
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies,
t
h
e
r
esis
to
r
s
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
a
litt
le
ef
f
ec
t o
n
th
e
ac
t
iv
e
d
ev
ice
o
w
i
n
g
to
t
h
e
in
d
u
cti
v
e
ef
f
ec
t o
f
t
h
e
s
h
u
n
t l
in
e
s
[
1
8
-
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
b
alan
ce
d
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
r
esu
lt
s
in
lar
g
e
s
ize,
lo
w
er
P
A
E
an
d
h
ig
h
er
n
o
is
e
f
ig
u
r
e
d
u
e
to
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
lo
s
s
i
n
t
h
e
co
u
p
ler
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
t
h
is
s
c
h
e
m
e
is
g
o
o
d
f
o
r
VSW
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
a
n
d
g
a
in
f
la
tn
e
s
s
u
p
to
ab
o
u
t
a
t
w
o
o
cta
v
e
b
an
d
w
i
d
th
[
2
1
-
22]
.
On
th
e
o
t
h
er
h
a
n
d
,
th
e
tr
av
eli
n
g
-
w
av
e
a
n
d
d
is
t
r
ib
u
ted
a
m
p
li
f
ier
s
h
av
e
f
lat
g
ai
n
a
n
d
w
id
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
an
g
e,
b
u
t
t
h
e
m
ai
n
d
r
a
wb
ac
k
s
f
o
r
th
e
s
e
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
r
es
id
e
in
t
h
e
m
o
d
er
ate
s
m
al
l
s
i
g
n
al
g
a
in
,
h
i
g
h
d
c
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
h
i
g
h
n
o
i
s
e
f
i
g
u
r
e
a
n
d
th
e
lar
g
e
c
h
ip
s
ize
o
w
i
n
g
to
th
e
h
i
g
h
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
u
s
ed
t
o
ac
h
iev
e
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
as
a
s
in
g
le
s
ta
g
e
P
A
[
2
4
-
2
6
].
I
n
th
i
s
w
o
r
k
,
a
n
o
v
el
B
P
A
t
o
p
o
lo
g
y
i
s
p
r
esen
ted
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
r
ea
ch
th
e
b
r
o
ad
b
an
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
a
h
y
b
r
id
m
atc
h
i
n
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
ar
e
d
ep
lo
y
ed
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
a
n
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
ate
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
d
e
s
ig
n
ed
lu
m
p
ed
ele
m
en
t
s
m
a
tch
i
n
g
cir
c
u
its
i
n
to
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
lin
e
s
m
atc
h
i
n
g
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
as
w
ell
as
a
m
u
lti
-
s
ec
tio
n
b
in
o
m
ial
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
B
P
A
co
v
er
th
e
m
ain
s
tr
ea
m
w
ir
eles
s
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
o
p
er
atin
g
in
u
ltra
h
i
g
h
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
(
UH
F)
b
an
d
f
r
o
m
1
.
5
GHz
to
3
GHz
.
T
h
is
w
o
r
k
is
b
ased
o
n
A
T
F
-
13786
ac
tiv
e
d
ev
ice,
an
d
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
o
n
F
R
4
s
u
b
s
tr
ate.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
an
ized
as
f
o
llo
w
s
.
Sectio
n
2
d
escr
ib
es
t
h
e
cir
cu
it
d
esi
g
n
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
B
P
A
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
,
t
h
e
ap
p
lied
m
atc
h
i
n
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
an
d
t
h
e
b
r
o
ad
b
an
d
b
iasi
n
g
c
ir
cu
it.
Sectio
n
3
is
d
ev
o
ted
to
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
l
ts
.
Fi
n
all
y
,
th
e
co
n
cl
u
d
in
g
s
tate
m
e
n
ts
ar
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
in
s
ec
tio
n
4
.
2.
CIRCU
I
T
D
E
S
I
G
N
B
asicall
y
,
a
p
o
w
er
a
m
p
li
f
ier
i
s
a
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t,
p
la
y
i
n
g
a
k
e
y
r
o
le
i
n
t
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
o
f
m
a
n
y
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
r
eg
ar
d
le
s
s
o
f
its
p
h
y
s
ical
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
ti
o
n
as
n
ar
r
o
w
b
a
n
d
,
b
r
o
ad
b
an
d
,
lo
w
n
o
is
e,
h
i
g
h
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
,
h
i
g
h
p
o
w
er
o
r
o
th
er
w
i
s
e,
th
e
P
A
tas
k
is
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
f
in
ite
p
o
w
er
g
a
in
in
a
g
iv
e
n
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
b
an
d
.
I
n
o
th
er
w
o
r
d
s
,
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
lev
el
o
f
t
h
e
a
v
ailab
le
s
i
g
n
al
at
i
ts
in
p
u
t
u
p
t
o
a
p
r
ed
ef
in
ed
lev
el
at
its
o
u
tp
u
t
in
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
b
an
d
.
Fro
m
a
p
r
ac
tical
p
o
in
t
o
f
v
ie
w
,
P
A
d
esig
n
is
u
s
u
all
y
th
e
r
es
u
lt
o
f
a
tr
ad
e
-
o
f
f
,
atte
m
p
ti
n
g
to
f
u
l
f
i
l
m
a
n
y
co
n
f
lic
tin
g
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
s
.
T
h
e
m
ain
co
n
ce
r
n
s
ar
e
b
r
o
ad
b
an
d
w
id
th
v
s
g
ai
n
f
la
tn
ess
,
h
i
g
h
o
u
tp
u
t p
o
w
er
v
s
lo
w
d
is
to
r
tio
n
,
o
r
lin
ea
r
it
y
v
s
e
f
f
ici
en
c
y
.
T
h
e
P
A
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
i
s
s
c
h
e
m
a
ticall
y
il
lu
s
tr
ated
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
1
,
w
h
er
e
a
t
y
p
ical
s
i
n
g
le
s
ta
g
e
P
A
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
a
s
i
n
g
le
R
F
tr
a
n
s
i
s
t
o
r
,
m
atc
h
ed
to
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
(
Z
S
)
an
d
th
e
lo
ad
i
m
p
e
d
an
ce
(
Z
L
)
th
r
o
u
g
h
an
in
p
u
t a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t
m
atc
h
i
n
g
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
r
esp
ec
tiv
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y
,
a
n
d
DC
s
u
p
p
lied
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
D
C
b
ias
cir
cu
it.
W
e
n
o
te
t
h
a
t
b
o
th
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
a
n
d
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ad
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av
i
n
g
th
e
s
a
m
e
s
y
s
te
m
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ic
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
Z
0
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Sin
g
le
s
ta
g
e
P
A
b
lo
c
k
d
iag
r
a
m
2
.
1
.
B
ro
a
db
a
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m
a
t
chi
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circ
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des
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A
t
h
ig
h
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a
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d
l
o
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d
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p
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c
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q
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tly
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d
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r
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u
a
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a
m
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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10
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ig
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atic
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ig
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a)
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atio
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
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I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
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n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
2
0
2
0
:
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4
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-
5408
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Fig
u
r
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5
.
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p
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d
b
an
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a
m
p
lifie
r
l
a
y
o
u
t
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
3
.
1
.
S
m
a
ll
-
s
ig
na
l a
na
ly
s
is
A
t
h
i
g
h
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies,
it
’
s
v
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ar
ac
ter
ize
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t
w
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b
y
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g
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itta
n
ce
p
ar
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eter
s
,
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h
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s
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r
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r
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r
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ter
izatio
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o
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m
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it
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ter
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s
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f
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ef
lecte
d
p
o
w
er
w
a
v
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c
u
it
ter
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i
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h
e
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u
r
ce
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d
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in
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tio
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s
d
ep
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is
w
o
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k
s
b
o
th
h
a
v
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a
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e
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m
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.
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r
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in
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h
i
s
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k
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th
e
e
f
f
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ti
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en
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s
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atc
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lu
ated
b
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m
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o
f
S
-
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
s
i
m
u
latio
n
u
s
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n
g
A
DS so
f
t
w
ar
e.
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
s
m
all
-
s
i
g
n
al
s
ca
tter
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g
p
ar
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m
ete
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s
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f
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p
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o
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s
ed
B
P
A
.
As
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
a)
,
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
r
et
u
r
n
l
o
s
s
[
S
11
]
is
s
tr
ictl
y
u
n
d
er
-
1
0
d
B
,
w
h
i
le
th
e
o
u
tp
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t
r
etu
r
n
l
o
s
s
[
S
22
]
is
p
u
r
el
y
u
n
d
er
–
1
4
d
B
o
v
er
th
e
f
r
eq
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en
c
y
b
an
d
r
an
g
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
1
.
5
GHz
to
3
GHz
.
H
o
w
ev
er
,
f
r
o
m
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
b
)
,
th
e
s
m
a
ll
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s
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g
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a
l
p
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er
g
a
in
[
S
21
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r
ea
ch
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s
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x
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.
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ar
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f
icien
t
[
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]
also
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ax
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atin
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ip
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o
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f
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(
a)
(
b
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Fig
u
r
e
6
.
S
m
all
s
ig
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al
s
ca
tter
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ar
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ter
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,
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)
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n
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d
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S
22
]
,
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m
al
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n
[
S
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d
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s
t
r
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
c
o
ef
f
icie
n
t [
S
12
]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
Desig
n
o
f L
-
S
b
a
n
d
b
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o
a
d
b
a
n
d
p
o
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er a
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lifi
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s
in
g
micro
s
tip
lin
es (
Mo
h
a
med
R
ib
a
te)
5405
3
.
2
.
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bil
it
y
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na
ly
s
is
B
asicall
y
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e
v
er
y
p
o
w
er
a
m
p
lif
ier
m
u
s
t
f
u
l
f
ill
t
h
e
u
n
co
n
d
itio
n
all
y
s
tab
ili
t
y
r
eq
u
i
r
e
m
en
t
i
n
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
,
if
n
o
t
,
th
e
u
n
a
v
o
id
ab
le
p
ar
asit
ic
ef
f
ec
ts
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e
en
o
u
g
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to
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tr
o
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ce
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cillatio
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it
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w
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ilit
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f
ac
to
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s
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m
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f
o
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th
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r
p
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e,
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o
d
w
a
y
(
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1
)
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d
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llet
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i
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e
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d
(
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:
1
=
1
+
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|
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+
|
22
|
2
−
|
Δ
|
2
>
0
(
8
)
=
1
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|
2
−
|
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|
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−
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2
2
|
12
21
|
>
1
(
9
)
I
n
a
d
d
it
i
o
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o
th
e
(
8
)
an
d
(
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h
e
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n
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it
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l
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ly
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t
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e
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ly
:
S
22
<
1
,
B
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d
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.
F
ig
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
w
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t
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cu
r
v
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th
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R
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l
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d
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s
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H
z
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A
c
c
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d
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F
ig
u
r
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8
,
th
e
u
n
c
o
n
d
i
ti
o
n
al
ly
s
t
a
b
i
l
it
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r
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q
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PA
i
s
f
u
lf
i
l
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e
d
.
T
h
at
m
e
an
s
th
a
t
a
n
y
s
o
u
r
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e
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r
l
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c
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an
b
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t
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w
ith
o
u
t
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is
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in
g
t
o
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a
v
e
o
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ci
l
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ati
o
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
R
o
llet a
n
d
b
o
d
w
a
y
s
tab
ilit
y
f
ac
to
r
s
cu
r
v
es
v
er
s
u
s
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
3
.
3
.
L
a
rg
e
-
s
ig
na
l per
f
o
r
m
a
nce
s
I
n
th
i
s
s
u
b
-
s
ec
tio
n
,
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
,
1
-
d
B
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
p
o
in
t a
n
d
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
ad
d
ed
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
(
P
A
E
)
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
.
T
h
e
lar
g
e
-
s
i
g
n
a
l
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
B
P
A
h
as
b
ee
n
s
i
m
u
lated
at
2
.
2
GHz
,
u
n
d
er
5
0
Ω
in
p
u
t
a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
s
i
m
u
lated
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
an
d
th
e
1
-
d
B
co
m
p
r
e
s
s
io
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p
o
in
t
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
B
P
A
.
Fro
m
Fig
u
r
e
8
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
B
P
A
r
ea
ch
es
a
m
ax
i
m
u
m
o
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t
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t
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o
w
er
o
f
1
6
.
2
6
d
B
m
,
th
is
lead
in
g
o
f
4
2
.
2
6
m
W
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
as
th
e
in
p
u
t
p
o
w
er
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n
ti
n
u
es
to
in
cr
ea
s
e,
w
e
u
l
ti
m
a
tel
y
r
ea
ch
a
p
o
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t
w
h
er
e
n
o
f
u
r
th
e
r
o
u
tp
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t
p
o
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er
in
cr
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s
es
o
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r
f
o
r
an
in
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t
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o
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cr
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s
e
.
T
h
is
p
o
in
t
n
a
m
ed
1
-
d
B
co
m
p
r
e
s
s
io
n
p
o
in
t
in
w
h
ic
h
th
e
B
P
A
g
o
e
s
in
to
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
an
d
b
ec
o
m
e
s
s
at
u
r
ate
d
.
A
s
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
,
th
e
1
-
d
B
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
p
o
in
t o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
B
P
A
is
4
.
5
d
B
m
o
f
i
n
p
u
t p
o
w
er
lev
el.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
f
r
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m
a
p
r
a
ctica
l
p
o
in
t
o
f
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w
,
a
p
o
w
er
a
m
p
li
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ier
ca
n
b
e
r
eg
ar
d
ed
as
a
d
ev
ice
th
at
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
th
e
DC
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
s
u
p
p
lie
s
i
n
to
R
F
p
o
w
er
i
n
t
h
e
o
p
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atin
g
f
r
eq
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e
n
c
y
b
an
d
.
T
h
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
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n
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er
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n
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e
n
t
u
all
y
m
ea
s
u
r
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b
y
m
ea
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s
o
f
p
o
w
er
ad
d
e
d
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icie
n
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y
(
P
A
E
)
,
w
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h
is
d
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e
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et
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e
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er
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d
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in
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1
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l.
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D.
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.
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a
n
g
,
“
T
h
e
im
p
a
c
t
o
f
p
o
we
r
a
m
p
li
f
i
e
r
tu
rn
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c
h
a
ra
c
teristics
in
c
o
g
n
it
iv
e
ra
d
io
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
,
”
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icr
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wa
v
e
J
o
u
rn
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l
,
v
o
l.
3
,
p
p
.
8
6
-
9
2
,
M
a
r
.
2
0
1
4
.
[1
4
]
F
.
H.
Ra
a
b
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
RF
a
n
d
m
icro
w
a
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
a
m
p
li
f
ier
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n
d
tran
s
m
it
ter
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
-
p
a
rt
1
,
”
Hig
h
Fre
q
u
e
n
c
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El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
p
p
.
2
2
-
3
6
,
M
a
y
2
0
0
3
.
[1
5
]
A
.
Ero
g
lu
,
“
In
tr
o
d
u
c
ti
o
n
t
o
RF
P
o
w
e
r
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p
li
f
ier De
si
g
n
a
n
d
S
im
u
latio
n
,
”
CRC
Pre
ss
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
6
]
M
.
K.
Ka
z
im
ierc
z
u
k
,
“
RF
P
o
w
e
r
Am
p
li
f
iers
,
”
2
n
d
e
d
.
,
J
o
h
n
W
il
e
y
&
S
o
n
s
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
7
]
P
.
Co
lan
to
n
i
o
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Hig
h
Ef
f
ici
e
n
c
y
RF
a
n
d
M
icro
w
a
v
e
S
o
li
d
S
t
a
te
P
o
w
e
r
Am
p
li
f
iers
,
”
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,
J
o
h
n
W
il
e
y
&
S
o
n
s
L
td
,
2
0
0
9
.
[1
8
]
I
.
J.
Ba
h
l,
“
F
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tals o
f
RF
a
n
d
M
icro
w
a
v
e
T
ra
n
sisto
r
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p
li
f
iers
,
”
J
o
h
n
W
il
e
y
&
S
o
n
s
,
2
0
0
9
.
[1
9
]
A
.
A
li
z
a
d
e
h
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
a
2
–
12
-
G
Hz
Bid
irec
ti
o
n
a
l
Distrib
u
t
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d
Am
p
li
f
ier
in
a
0
.
1
8
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µm
CM
O
S
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
M
icr
o
wa
v
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h
e
o
ry
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n
d
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e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s
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l.
6
7
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o
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2
,
p
p
.
7
5
4
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6
4
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
0
]
T
.
M
a
a
n
d
F
.
H
u
,
“
A
W
id
e
b
a
n
d
F
lat
G
a
in
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o
w
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ise
Am
p
li
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ier
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sin
g
Ac
ti
v
e
In
d
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c
to
r
f
o
r
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p
u
t
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a
tch
in
g
,
”
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T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
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n
s
o
n
Circ
u
it
s
a
n
d
S
y
st
e
ms
II:
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re
ss
Briefs
,
v
o
l.
6
6
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
9
0
4
-
9
0
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
1
]
C.
Q.
Ch
e
n
,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
A
1
.
8
–
2
.
8
G
Hz
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h
l
y
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in
e
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r
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d
b
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n
d
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r
Am
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li
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ier
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r
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-
A
A
p
p
li
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a
ti
o
n
,
”
Pr
o
g
re
ss
in
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e
c
tr
o
ma
g
n
e
ti
c
s R
e
se
a
rc
h
C
,
v
o
l.
6
6
,
p
p
.
4
7
-
5
4
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
2
]
B.
F
ra
n
c
o
is
a
n
d
P
.
Re
y
n
a
e
rt,
“
Hi
g
h
ly
li
n
e
a
r
f
u
ll
y
in
teg
ra
t
e
d
w
id
e
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a
n
d
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A
f
o
r
LT
E
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
in
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8
0
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n
m
S
OI,”
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E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
M
icr
o
wa
v
e
T
h
e
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ry
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s
,
v
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l.
6
3
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
6
4
9
-
6
5
8
,
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e
b
2
0
1
5
.
[2
3
]
A
.
Ra
c
h
a
k
h
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
No
v
e
l
Co
n
f
ig
u
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
a
M
icro
strip
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icr
o
w
a
v
e
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id
e
b
a
n
d
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o
w
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r
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p
li
f
i
e
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o
r
W
irele
s
s
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
T
EL
KOM
NIKA
T
e
l
e
c
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
n
tro
l
,
v
o
l
.
1
6
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
24
-
2
3
1
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
1
8
.
[2
4
]
M
.
Rib
a
te,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
G
a
As
S
o
li
d
S
ta
te
Bro
a
d
b
a
n
d
P
o
w
e
r
Am
p
li
f
ier
f
o
r
L
a
n
d
S
Ba
n
d
s
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
”
Ha
n
d
b
o
o
k
o
f
Res
e
a
rc
h
o
n
Rec
e
n
t
De
v
e
lo
p
me
n
t
s
in
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
M
e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
IGI
Glo
b
a
l
,
Ch
a
p
ter
5
,
p
p
.
1
5
6
-
1
9
0
,
2
0
2
0
.
[2
5
]
J.
M
o
re
n
o
Ru
b
i
o
,
e
t.
a
l.
,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
a
n
8
7
%
F
ra
c
ti
o
n
a
l
Ba
n
d
w
id
th
Do
h
e
rty
P
o
w
e
r
Am
p
li
f
ie
r
S
u
p
p
o
rted
b
y
a
S
im
p
li
f
i
e
d
Ba
n
d
w
id
th
Esti
m
a
ti
o
n
M
e
th
o
d
,
”
I
E
E
E
Tr
a
n
s
a
ctio
n
s
o
n
Micr
o
w
a
ve
Th
eo
r
y
a
n
d
Tech
n
iq
u
es
,
v
o
l.
6
6
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
3
1
9
-
1
3
2
7
,
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a
r
.
2
0
1
8
[2
6
]
W
.
A
.
M
a
li
k
,
e
t
a
l.
“
A
1
.
8
G
Hz
w
id
e
b
a
n
d
h
ig
h
p
o
w
e
r
a
m
p
li
f
ier
w
it
h
f
lat
g
a
in
re
sp
o
n
se
b
y
e
x
p
lo
it
in
g
m
icro
strip
h
ig
h
-
p
a
ss
-
f
il
ter
,”
M
icr
o
wa
v
e
a
n
d
Op
ti
c
a
l
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
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rs
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l.
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o
.
3
,
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p
.
7
6
5
-
7
6
9
, M
ar
.
2
0
1
8
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
M
o
h
a
m
e
d
Ri
b
a
te
re
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e
iv
e
d
B.
S
d
e
g
re
e
a
n
d
M
a
ste
r
En
g
.
in
Ne
tw
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rk
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g
a
n
d
T
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m
m
u
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ica
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g
in
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e
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g
f
ro
m
Ha
ss
a
n
1
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Un
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rsit
y
,
S
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t
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M
o
ro
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2
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3
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n
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5
re
sp
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c
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tl
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in
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h
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D.
i
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M
icro
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ss
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M
o
ro
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e
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e
m
b
e
r
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His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
v
o
lv
e
s
d
e
sig
n
a
n
d
im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
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o
f
Bro
a
d
b
a
n
d
P
o
w
e
r
Am
p
l
i
f
iers
u
sin
g
M
icro
strip
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
.
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s
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is i
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m
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w
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o
h
a
m
e
d
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a
tr
a
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h
w
a
s
b
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in
Do
u
a
r
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les
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,
in
1
9
5
8
.
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re
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d
th
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h
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.
d
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re
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ro
m
th
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y
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f
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i
m
o
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s,
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i
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ra
n
c
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,
in
1
9
9
0
.
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is
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u
r
re
n
tl
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a
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ro
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o
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f
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it
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(ES
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n
g
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ra
n
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,
w
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h
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re
se
a
rc
h
in
v
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m
icr
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w
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f
ield
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f
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tere
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y
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rid
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d
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m
icro
w
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ircu
it
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m
e
ta
m
a
teria
ls,
L
H
m
a
teria
ls,
a
n
ten
n
a
s a
n
d
th
e
ir
a
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s i
n
w
irele
ss
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s.
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e
d
L
a
k
h
ss
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ss
i
w
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s
re
c
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d
th
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B.
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g
.
a
n
d
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.
S
c
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in
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lec
tri
c
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l
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g
f
ro
m
Un
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e
rsit
y
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f
Qu
e
b
e
c
à
T
ro
is
-
Riv
ièr
e
s,
Qu
e
b
e
c
,
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n
a
d
a
in
1
9
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8
a
n
d
1
9
9
0
r
e
sp
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c
ti
v
e
l
y
.
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e
a
lso
re
c
e
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d
th
e
P
h
.
D
i
n
En
e
rg
y
a
n
d
M
a
teria
l
sc
ien
c
e
s
in
1
9
9
5
f
ro
m
I
NRS
-
En
e
rg
ie
e
t
M
a
téria
u
x
,
Qu
e
b
e
c
,
Ca
n
a
d
a
.
His
re
se
a
r
c
h
in
tere
st
is
th
e
f
ield
s
o
f
b
io
-
h
e
a
t
th
e
rm
a
l
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
.
A
lso
,
h
is
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
st
is
in
De
sig
n
o
f
f
u
ll
y
a
u
to
m
a
ted
to
o
l
f
o
r
p
o
rt
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a
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a
lo
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a
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d
m
ix
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d
sig
n
a
l
c
ircu
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s
w
it
h
in
d
if
fe
re
n
t
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
n
o
d
e
s.
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