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e
[
1
1
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.
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p
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ab
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f
clu
s
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elec
tio
n
.
Ho
w
ev
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,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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8708
I
n
t J
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&
C
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g
,
Vo
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11
,
No
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3
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:
2
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1
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2377
2372
th
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w
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m
p
r
o
v
e
u
n
b
ala
n
ce
d
clu
s
te
r
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
,
s
u
ch
as
t
h
e
L
E
AC
H
p
r
o
to
co
l.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
clu
s
ter
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
r
ep
ea
ted
l
y
m
o
v
in
g
th
e
ce
n
ter
p
o
in
t
to
th
e
f
in
a
l
clu
s
ter
f
i
n
aliza
tio
n
,
it
h
a
s
t
h
e
d
is
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
o
f
ta
k
i
n
g
lo
n
g
er
t
i
m
e
to
clu
s
ter
t
h
a
n
tr
ad
itio
n
al
h
ier
ar
c
h
ical
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
f
o
r
th
e
K
-
m
ea
n
s
cl
u
s
ter
in
g
-
b
ased
p
r
o
to
c
o
l,
o
n
ly
t
h
e
r
e
m
ai
n
in
g
en
er
g
y
o
f
t
h
e
n
o
d
e
o
r
n
o
d
e
clo
s
e
t
o
th
e
cl
u
s
ter
's
ce
n
ter
p
o
in
t
w
as
co
n
s
id
er
ed
w
h
e
n
el
ec
t
in
g
t
h
e
clu
s
ter
h
ea
d
,
b
u
t
n
o
t
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
d
is
ta
n
ce
to
th
e
b
ase
s
tatio
n
t
h
at
co
n
s
u
m
es
th
e
m
o
s
t
e
n
er
g
y
.
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
w
e
ar
e
g
o
in
g
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
o
f
K
-
m
ea
n
s
clu
s
ter
in
g
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
en
er
g
y
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
W
S
N.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
tak
es
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
t
h
e
r
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al
e
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er
g
y
o
f
t
h
e
n
o
d
e
a
n
d
th
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
to
t
h
e
b
ase
s
ta
tio
n
w
h
en
elec
ti
n
g
th
e
cl
u
s
ter
h
ea
d
.
T
o
tak
e
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
t
h
e
r
esid
u
al
e
n
er
g
y
o
f
th
e
n
o
d
e
an
d
th
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
t
o
th
e
b
ase
s
tatio
n
,
t
h
e
clu
s
ter
h
ea
d
-
elec
ted
Sco
r
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
ea
ch
n
o
d
e.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
2
.
1
.
L
E
A
CH
pro
t
o
co
l
T
h
e
lo
w
-
en
er
g
y
ad
ap
tiv
e
cl
u
s
ter
in
g
h
ier
ar
ch
y
(
L
E
AC
H)
p
r
o
to
co
l
[
2
3
-
2
4
]
is
a
ty
p
ical
clu
s
ter
i
n
g
-
b
ased
p
r
o
t
o
co
l
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
W
en
d
y
B
.
Hein
ze
l
m
a
n
.
T
h
e
L
E
AC
H
p
r
o
to
co
l
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
a
s
et
-
u
p
p
h
ase
an
d
a
s
tead
y
-
s
tate
p
h
a
s
e
.
I
n
th
e
s
et
-
u
p
p
h
ase,
t
h
e
clu
s
ter
h
ea
d
is
r
an
d
o
m
l
y
elec
ted
b
y
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
eq
u
atio
n
a
n
d
t
h
e
cl
u
s
ter
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
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n
i
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
.
T
h
e
p
r
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b
ab
ilit
y
th
r
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h
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ld
T
(
n
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u
s
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o
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lu
s
ter
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s
f
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n
is
ex
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(
1
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w
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0
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d
1
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(
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1
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(
1
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ates
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th
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1
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n
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tr
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n
th
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clu
s
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m
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m
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e
m
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n
o
d
es
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th
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u
s
ter
.
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r
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g
t
h
e
s
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s
tate
p
h
ase,
th
e
d
ata
is
s
en
t
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
T
DM
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s
ch
ed
u
le
as
s
ig
n
ed
b
y
t
h
e
cl
u
s
ter
h
ea
d
.
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h
e
clu
s
t
er
h
ea
d
co
m
p
lete
s
t
h
e
s
tead
y
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s
tate
p
h
ase
b
y
ag
g
r
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a
tio
n
t
h
e
d
ata
r
ec
eiv
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f
r
o
m
th
e
m
e
m
b
er
n
o
d
e
an
d
s
en
d
in
g
it
to
th
e
b
ase
s
tatio
n
in
a
c
o
d
e
d
iv
is
io
n
m
u
l
tip
le
ac
ce
s
s
(
C
DM
A
)
.
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h
e
cy
cle
co
m
p
leted
f
r
o
m
t
h
ese
s
et
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u
p
p
h
ase
to
th
e
s
tead
y
-
s
ta
te
p
h
ase
is
ca
lled
R
o
u
n
d
.
T
h
e
L
E
AC
H
p
r
o
to
co
l
im
p
r
o
v
ed
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
cl
u
s
ter
h
ea
d
elec
tio
n
f
o
r
s
p
ec
if
ic
n
o
d
es
o
f
ex
is
t
in
g
clu
s
ter
i
n
g
-
b
ased
p
r
o
to
co
ls
,
b
y
elec
t
in
g
all
n
o
d
es
w
i
th
r
e
m
ain
i
n
g
en
er
g
y
as
cl
u
s
ter
h
ea
d
s
o
n
ce
an
d
f
o
r
all.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
b
y
u
s
in
g
o
n
l
y
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
th
r
e
s
h
o
ld
w
h
en
e
lectin
g
a
clu
s
ter
h
ea
d
,
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
h
as
a
s
h
o
r
t
lif
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m
e
s
p
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d
u
e
to
p
r
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b
le
m
s
s
u
c
h
as
t
h
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tio
n
o
f
n
o
d
es
w
it
h
i
n
s
u
f
f
icie
n
t
r
esid
u
al
e
n
er
g
y
.
T
o
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
i
s
,
v
ar
io
u
s
p
r
o
to
co
ls
th
at
m
o
d
i
f
ie
d
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
w
e
r
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
2
.
2
.
E
nerg
y
-
co
ns
idera
t
io
n L
E
AC
H
pro
t
o
c
o
l
I
n
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
(
1
)
u
s
ed
to
elec
t
th
e
clu
s
ter
h
ea
d
o
f
th
e
L
E
AC
H
p
r
o
to
co
l,
elec
t
th
e
clu
s
ter
h
ea
d
w
it
h
o
u
t
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
t
h
e
r
es
id
u
al
en
er
g
y
o
f
t
h
e
n
o
d
e.
T
h
u
s
,
e
v
en
i
f
t
h
e
n
o
d
e
h
as
les
s
r
esid
u
al
en
er
g
y
,
it
ca
n
b
e
elec
ted
as
a
clu
s
ter
h
ea
d
.
T
o
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
i
s
M.
J
.
Han
d
y
[
2
5
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
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th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
m
o
d
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f
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ed
th
r
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:
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(
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in
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f
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.
M.
J
.
Han
d
y
's
p
r
o
p
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r
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o
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v
al
u
e.
T
h
e
ce
n
tr
alit
y
o
f
t
h
e
n
o
d
e
is
t
h
e
s
u
m
o
f
th
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
n
o
d
e
lo
ca
ted
w
it
h
i
n
a
ce
r
tai
n
r
an
g
e
r
to
th
e
n
o
d
e
A
as s
h
o
w
n
in
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
r
an
g
e
is
g
iv
e
n
b
y
(
2
)
.
3.
P
RO
P
O
SE
M
E
T
H
O
D
Usi
n
g
t
h
e
K
-
m
ea
n
s
clu
s
ter
i
n
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
i
n
t
h
e
W
SN
p
r
o
to
co
l
r
esu
lts
i
n
t
h
e
m
e
m
b
er
n
o
d
es
in
t
h
e
clu
s
ter
b
ei
n
g
as
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
as
p
o
s
s
ib
le,
b
u
t
i
t
ta
k
es
lo
n
g
er
to
clu
s
ter
th
a
n
tr
ad
itio
n
a
l
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
clu
s
ter
h
ea
d
elec
tio
n
h
as
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
o
f
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
cl
u
s
ter
h
ea
d
elec
tio
n
o
n
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
n
o
d
e,
w
it
h
o
n
l
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
r
esid
u
al
en
er
g
y
o
f
th
e
n
o
d
e
o
r
n
o
d
e
th
a
t
is
m
o
s
tl
y
clo
s
e
to
th
e
cl
u
s
ter
's
ce
n
ter
p
o
in
t.
T
h
is
r
esu
lt
s
i
n
s
h
o
r
ten
i
n
g
th
e
lif
e
ti
m
e
s
p
a
n
o
f
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
An
d
w
h
e
n
elec
ti
n
g
a
clu
s
ter
h
ea
d
,
n
o
t
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
to
t
h
e
n
o
d
e
an
d
b
ase
s
tatio
n
,
t
h
e
o
v
er
all
en
er
g
y
ef
f
i
cien
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
ca
n
b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
p
r
o
to
co
l
th
at
in
cr
e
ases
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
e
f
f
icien
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
w
h
i
le
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
t
h
ese
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
.
T
o
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
d
is
ad
v
an
t
ag
e
o
f
tak
i
n
g
a
lo
n
g
ti
m
e
to
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
e
a
cl
u
s
ter
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
r
o
to
co
l
li
m
ited
t
h
e
clu
s
ter
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
p
o
in
t
to
th
e
f
ir
s
t
r
o
u
n
d
at
w
h
ic
h
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
as
i
n
itial
ized
an
d
th
e
n
ex
t
r
o
u
n
d
at
w
h
ic
h
ad
d
itio
n
al
s
en
s
o
r
n
o
d
es
w
er
e
co
n
s
u
m
ed
w
it
h
all
th
e
r
e
m
ain
i
n
g
e
n
er
g
y
.
T
h
is
ca
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
ti
m
e
-
co
n
s
u
m
in
g
p
r
o
b
lem
b
ec
au
s
e
cl
u
s
ter
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
d
o
n
o
t
o
cc
u
r
at
ev
er
y
r
o
u
n
d
.
B
y
ta
k
i
n
g
i
n
to
ac
co
u
n
t
t
h
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
f
r
o
m
th
e
clu
s
ter
ce
n
ter
p
o
in
t
a
n
d
th
e
r
esid
u
al
en
er
g
y
o
f
th
e
n
o
d
e
w
h
e
n
elec
tin
g
t
h
e
clu
s
ter
h
ea
d
,
th
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
o
f
n
o
t
tak
i
n
g
i
n
to
ac
co
u
n
t
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
d
is
ta
n
ce
to
a
b
ase
s
tatio
n
th
at
co
n
s
u
m
e
s
a
lo
t
o
f
en
er
g
y
.
T
o
s
o
lv
e
th
ese
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
t
h
e
cl
u
s
ter
h
ea
d
was
elec
ted
in
t
h
is
p
ap
er
co
n
s
i
d
er
in
g
t
h
e
r
esid
u
al
e
n
er
g
y
o
f
th
e
n
o
d
e
an
d
t
h
e
d
is
tan
ce
to
th
e
cl
u
s
ter
’
s
ce
n
ter
p
o
in
t o
r
b
ase
s
tatio
n
.
I
n
g
e
n
er
al,
i
f
o
n
l
y
t
h
e
r
esid
u
al
en
er
g
y
o
f
t
h
e
n
o
d
es
i
n
t
h
e
clu
s
ter
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
,
th
e
cl
u
s
ter
h
ea
d
ca
n
d
id
ate
h
a
s
elec
ted
t
h
e
n
o
d
e
w
ith
th
e
m
o
s
t
r
esid
u
al
e
n
er
g
y
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
t
h
e
d
is
tan
ce
to
t
h
e
b
as
e
s
tatio
n
a
n
d
th
e
r
e
m
ai
n
in
g
en
er
g
y
,
s
i
m
p
l
y
elec
tin
g
t
h
e
clu
s
ter
h
ea
d
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
r
an
k
i
n
g
d
ec
is
io
n
ca
n
lead
to
an
en
er
g
y
-
e
f
f
icien
t
p
r
o
b
le
m
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
f
o
r
an
y
t
w
o
n
o
d
es
A
an
d
B
,
if
th
e
r
esid
u
al
en
er
g
y
in
n
o
d
e
A
is
g
r
ea
ter
th
a
n
t
h
e
r
esid
u
a
l
en
er
g
y
in
n
o
d
e
B
,
an
d
n
o
d
e
A
is
f
ar
t
h
er
t
h
a
n
n
o
d
e
B
,
th
e
r
esid
u
al
e
n
er
g
y
is
ta
k
e
n
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
an
d
n
o
d
e
A
i
s
el
ec
ted
as
th
e
cl
u
s
ter
h
ea
d
.
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
lar
g
e
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
d
u
e
to
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
to
th
e
b
a
s
e
s
tatio
n
,
th
e
en
er
g
y
i
n
n
o
d
e
A
is
co
n
s
u
m
ed
q
u
ick
l
y
,
t
h
er
eb
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
lif
eti
m
e
s
p
an
o
f
th
e
en
tire
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
T
o
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
is
p
r
o
b
le
m
,
th
e
r
e
m
ai
n
i
n
g
e
n
er
g
y
an
d
d
is
tan
ce
Sco
r
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
s
f
o
r
n
o
d
es
in
th
e
clu
s
ter
ar
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
n
d
elec
t
th
e
clu
s
ter
h
ea
d
b
y
u
s
in
g
a
Sco
r
e
o
p
e
r
atio
n
o
n
m
e
m
b
er
n
o
d
es
th
a
t
s
ati
s
f
y
(
)
,
w
h
ic
h
h
as
m
o
r
e
r
esid
u
al
e
n
er
g
y
t
h
an
th
e
av
er
ag
e
r
esid
u
al
e
n
er
g
y
f
o
r
all
n
o
d
es
i
n
t
h
e
clu
s
ter
.
T
h
is
h
a
s
th
e
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
s
co
n
s
u
m
ed
in
el
ec
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
Sco
r
e
is
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
b
ased
o
n
th
e
b
ase
s
tatio
n
d
is
tan
ce
an
d
b
ased
o
n
th
e
clu
s
ter
’
s
ce
n
ter
p
o
in
t,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
,
as d
e
f
i
n
ed
in
(
3
)
an
d
(
4
)
.
(
)
(
3
)
(
)
(
4
)
Her
e,
m
ea
n
s
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
r
esi
d
u
al
en
er
g
y
o
f
t
h
e
n
o
d
e,
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
t
h
e
i
n
itial
en
er
g
y
o
f
th
e
n
o
d
e,
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
d
is
tan
c
e
to
th
e
n
o
d
e
an
d
b
ase
s
ta
tio
n
,
an
d
r
ef
er
s
to
t
h
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
to
t
h
e
n
o
d
e
an
d
clu
s
ter
’
s
ce
n
ter
p
o
in
t.
T
h
e
r
atio
o
f
r
esid
u
al
en
er
g
y
to
th
e
in
itial
en
er
g
y
,
th
e
f
ir
s
t
ter
m
o
f
(
3
)
an
d
(
4
)
m
ea
n
s
th
e
r
elati
v
e
s
ize
(
n
o
r
m
aliza
t
io
n
v
a
lu
e)
o
f
th
e
r
es
id
u
al
e
n
er
g
y
.
T
h
is
v
a
lu
e
h
as
a
v
al
u
e
b
et
w
ee
n
0
an
d
1
an
d
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
to
ze
r
o
as
th
e
r
o
u
n
d
p
r
o
g
r
ess
es.
A
n
d
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
t
er
m
o
f
(
3
)
an
d
(
4
)
h
as
a
v
alu
e
b
et
w
ee
n
0
an
d
1
as
th
e
n
o
r
m
alize
d
ter
m
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
d
is
tan
ce
.
T
h
at
i
s
,
t
h
e
lar
g
er
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
ter
m
an
d
t
h
e
s
m
a
ller
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ter
m
,
th
e
g
r
ea
ter
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
b
ein
g
elec
ted
as th
e
cl
u
s
ter
h
ea
d
.
I
n
o
th
er
w
o
r
d
s
,
if
t
h
e
Sco
r
e
v
alu
es
f
o
r
(
3
)
an
d
(
4
)
ar
e
lar
g
e,
th
e
y
ar
e
elec
ted
as
th
e
cl
u
s
ter
h
ea
d
.
B
y
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tech
n
iq
u
e,
th
e
Sco
r
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o
p
er
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n
o
n
n
o
d
es
in
a
cl
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s
ter
ca
n
d
eter
m
i
n
e
w
h
i
ch
n
o
d
e
is
c
lo
s
e
to
th
e
b
as
e
s
tatio
n
o
r
cl
u
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ter
’
s
c
en
ter
p
o
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t
w
h
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t
h
e
n
o
d
e
h
a
s
a
h
i
g
h
r
esid
u
al
en
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.
On
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th
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an
d
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co
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p
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,
elec
t
a
n
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w
it
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v
al
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(
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an
d
(
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as
th
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h
ea
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ca
n
d
id
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I
f
a
n
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a
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h
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m
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m
u
m
Sco
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r
b
o
th
th
e
b
ase
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tatio
n
an
d
th
e
clu
s
ter
’
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
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d
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
b
ase
s
tatio
n
,
i.e
.
th
e
to
tal
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
d
is
ta
n
ce
,
w
er
e
co
m
p
u
ted
.
T
h
e
to
tal
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
d
is
tan
ce
To
t
a
lDis
ta
n
ce
(
i
)
f
o
r
i
-
n
o
d
e
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
u
s
i
n
g
(
5
)
.
(
)
∑
(
5
)
Her
e,
th
e
f
ir
s
t
ter
m
is
t
h
e
d
is
t
an
ce
to
t
h
e
i
-
n
o
d
e
an
d
b
ase
s
t
atio
n
(
d
_
(
No
d
e_
i
to
B
S))
,
an
d
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ter
m
is
t
h
e
s
u
m
o
f
t
h
e
d
is
ta
n
c
es
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
i
-
n
o
d
e
an
d
t
h
e
r
est
o
f
th
e
n
o
d
es
i
n
th
e
cl
u
s
t
er
.
Su
b
s
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
,
a
ca
n
d
id
ate
n
o
d
e
w
it
h
a
s
h
o
r
t
t
o
tal
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
d
is
ta
n
ce
w
a
s
f
i
n
all
y
elec
ted
as
t
h
e
cl
u
s
te
r
h
ea
d
.
I
f
m
u
ltip
le
n
o
d
es
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
Sco
r
e
v
al
u
es
w
er
e
elec
ted
as
clu
s
ter
h
e
ad
ca
n
d
id
ates,
th
e
n
o
d
e
clo
s
es
t
to
th
e
b
ase
s
tatio
n
w
a
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
an
d
th
e
n
o
d
e
clo
s
est
to
th
e
clu
s
ter
’
s
ce
n
te
r
p
o
in
t
f
o
r
as
th
e
clu
s
ter
h
ea
d
ca
n
d
id
ate.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
if
th
e
v
alu
e
s
o
f
th
e
cl
u
s
ter
h
ea
d
ca
n
d
id
ates
w
er
e
th
e
s
a
m
e,
th
e
s
h
o
r
ter
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
to
th
e
b
ase
s
tatio
n
,
t
h
e
le
s
s
e
n
er
g
y
w
as
co
n
s
u
m
ed
,
s
o
th
e
n
o
d
e
w
i
th
(
)
w
a
s
elec
ted
as
t
h
e
c
l
u
s
ter
h
ea
d
.
On
ce
t
h
e
cl
u
s
ter
h
ea
d
was
elec
ted
,
th
e
d
ata
w
a
s
co
llec
ted
an
d
s
en
t
to
th
e
b
ase
s
tatio
n
i
n
th
e
s
a
m
e
w
a
y
as th
e
L
E
A
C
H
p
r
o
to
co
l.
T
h
e
f
lo
w
c
h
ar
t o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
w
o
r
k
s
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Flo
w
c
h
ar
t o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
p
r
o
to
c
o
l’
s
clu
s
ter
h
ea
d
elec
tio
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Flo
w
c
h
ar
t o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
p
r
o
to
c
o
l’
s
clu
s
ter
h
ea
d
elec
tio
n
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
p
s
e
u
d
o
-
c
o
d
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
r
o
to
c
o
l.
T
h
e
tw
o
to
s
ev
e
n
lin
e
s
o
f
co
d
e
ar
e
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
ch
ec
k
i
n
g
f
o
r
ad
d
iti
o
n
al
d
ea
d
n
o
d
es
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
o
u
n
d
,
if
an
y
,
f
o
r
clu
s
ter
in
g
.
Ot
h
er
th
an
t
h
at,
ex
is
tin
g
clu
s
ter
s
ar
e
m
ai
n
tai
n
ed
.
T
h
e
9
-
3
6
lin
e
o
f
co
d
e
is
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
ca
lc
u
lati
n
g
an
d
o
f
n
o
d
es
i
n
ea
c
h
c
lu
s
ter
,
an
d
th
en
elec
ti
n
g
n
o
d
es
w
it
h
(
)
an
d
(
)
as
cl
u
s
te
r
ca
n
d
id
ates.
T
h
e
3
7
-
4
2
lin
e
is
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
th
e
to
tal
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
d
is
ta
n
ce
o
f
th
e
cl
u
s
ter
ca
n
d
id
ates a
n
d
t
h
en
elec
ti
n
g
a
n
o
d
e
w
it
h
a
s
h
o
r
t d
is
tan
ce
as t
h
e
f
i
n
al
cl
u
s
ter
h
ea
d
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
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&
C
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p
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g
I
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N:
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8
8
-
8708
K
-
mea
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clu
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teri
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b
a
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W
S
N
p
r
o
to
co
l fo
r
en
erg
y
efficien
cy
imp
r
o
ve
men
t
(
Jo
n
g
-
Yo
n
g
Lee
)
2375
1
/
/
f
o
r
e
v
e
r
y
r
o
u
n
d
2
p
r
e
v
D
e
a
d
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d
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u
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t
=
-
1
3
d
e
a
d
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d
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=
C
h
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c
k
D
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a
d
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(
)
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I
F
N
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p
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d
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5
S
t
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(
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6
p
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u
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t
7
END
8
F
O
R
i
=
1
t
o
k
9
M
a
x
B
S
N
o
d
e
=
C
l
u
s
t
e
r
(
i
)
.
M
e
m
b
e
r
N
o
d
e
(
1
)
10
M
a
x
B
S
S
c
o
r
e
=
N
o
d
e
(
M
a
x
N
o
d
e
)
.
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
E
n
e
r
g
y
/
I
n
i
t
E
n
e
r
g
y
–
N
o
d
e
(
M
a
x
N
o
d
e
)
.
D
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
T
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B
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M
A
X
(
N
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d
e
.
D
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
T
o
B
S
)
11
M
a
x
C
C
N
o
d
e
=
C
l
u
s
t
e
r
(
i
)
.
M
e
m
b
e
r
N
o
d
e
(
1
)
12
M
a
x
C
C
S
c
o
r
e
=
N
o
d
e
(
M
a
x
N
o
d
e
)
.
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
E
n
e
r
g
y
/
I
n
i
t
E
n
e
r
g
y
–
N
o
d
e
(
M
a
x
N
o
d
e
)
.
D
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t
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c
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C
/
M
A
X
(
N
o
d
e
.
D
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
T
o
C
C
)
13
F
O
R
j
=
1
t
o
C
l
u
s
t
e
r
(
i
)
.
M
e
m
b
e
r
N
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d
e
C
o
u
n
t
14
I
F
N
o
d
e
(
j
)
.
C
u
r
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e
n
t
E
n
e
r
g
y
>
=
C
l
u
s
t
e
r
(
i
)
.
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
E
n
e
r
g
y
15
N
o
d
e
(
j
)
.
S
c
o
r
e
B
S
=
N
o
d
e
(
j
)
.
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
E
n
e
r
g
y
/
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n
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t
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g
y
–
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o
d
e
(
j
)
.
D
i
s
t
a
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c
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T
o
B
S
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(
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S
)
N
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d
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(
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c
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r
e
C
C
=
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d
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(
j
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t
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16
I
F
N
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d
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(
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.
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c
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r
e
B
S
>
M
a
x
S
c
o
r
e
B
S
M
a
x
B
S
S
c
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e
=
N
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d
e
(
j
)
.
S
c
o
r
e
B
S
M
a
x
B
S
N
o
d
e
=
j
17
E
L
S
E
I
F
N
o
d
e
(
j
)
.
S
c
o
r
e
B
S
=
=
M
a
x
B
S
S
c
o
r
e
18
I
F
N
o
d
e
(
j
)
.
D
i
s
t
a
n
c
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T
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<
N
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d
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(
M
a
x
B
S
N
o
d
e
)
.
D
i
s
t
a
n
c
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T
o
B
S
19
M
a
x
B
S
S
c
o
r
e
=
N
o
d
e
(
j
)
.
S
c
o
r
e
B
S
20
M
a
x
B
S
N
o
d
e
=
j
21
END
END
22
23
I
F
N
o
d
e
(
j
)
.
S
c
o
r
e
C
C
>
M
a
x
C
C
S
c
o
r
e
24
M
a
x
C
C
S
c
o
r
e
=
N
o
d
e
(
j
)
.
S
c
o
r
e
C
C
25
M
a
x
C
C
N
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d
e
=
j
E
L
S
E
I
F
N
o
d
e
(
j
)
.
S
c
o
r
e
C
C
=
=
M
a
x
C
C
S
c
o
r
e
26
I
F
N
o
d
e
(
j
)
.
D
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
T
o
C
C
<
N
o
d
e
(
M
a
x
C
C
N
o
d
e
)
.
D
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
T
o
C
C
27
M
a
x
C
C
S
c
o
r
e
=
N
o
d
e
(
j
)
.
S
c
o
r
e
C
C
28
M
a
x
C
C
N
o
d
e
=
j
29
END
30
END
END
31
END
32
33
I
F
T
o
t
a
l
T
r
a
n
s
D
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
(
M
a
x
B
S
N
o
d
e
)
<
=
T
o
t
a
l
T
r
a
n
s
D
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
(
M
a
x
C
C
N
o
d
e
)
34
M
a
x
N
o
d
e
=
M
a
x
B
S
N
o
d
e
35
E
L
S
E
36
M
a
x
N
o
d
e
=
M
a
x
C
C
N
o
d
e
END
37
S
e
t
C
l
u
s
t
e
r
H
e
a
d
(
M
a
x
N
o
d
e
)
END
3
8
F
ig
u
r
e
3
.
P
s
eu
d
o
-
co
d
e
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
(
KC
E
D)
4.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
A
ND
RE
SU
L
T
T
o
v
er
if
y
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
r
o
to
c
o
l,
it
w
a
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
ith
t
h
e
L
E
AC
H
p
r
o
to
co
l,
th
e
en
er
g
y
-
co
n
s
id
er
a
tio
n
L
E
A
C
H
p
r
o
to
co
l,
an
d
s
i
m
u
latio
n
w
it
h
M
A
T
L
A
B
.
A
s
s
u
m
p
tio
n
s
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
f
ield
f
o
r
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
ar
e
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
I
n
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
l
atio
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
all
th
e
s
a
m
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
o
d
es
ar
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
,
a
n
d
o
n
ce
d
ep
lo
y
e
d
,
th
e
n
o
d
es a
r
e
n
o
t
m
o
v
ed
.
I
t
w
a
s
th
e
n
co
n
s
id
er
ed
th
at
all
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
o
d
es
h
ad
th
e
s
a
m
e
in
itial e
n
er
g
y
a
n
d
t
h
at
b
a
s
e
s
tat
io
n
s
w
er
e
lo
ca
te
d
o
u
t
s
id
e
th
e
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l.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
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8
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I
n
t J
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11
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3
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u
n
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2
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:
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2377
2376
T
ab
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1
.
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5
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2
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lt: n
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k
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101
206
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182
219
Improv
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t
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roto
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l
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Si
m
u
latio
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l
t: a
li
v
e
n
o
d
e
g
r
ap
h
b
y
r
o
u
n
d
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
th
e
clu
s
ter
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
is
ef
f
icie
n
t
in
w
ir
e
less
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
,
an
d
th
e
m
et
h
o
d
o
f
clu
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ter
h
ea
d
elec
tio
n
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
n
et
w
o
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k
lif
eti
m
e.
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r
ef
f
icie
n
t
clu
s
te
r
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
th
e
K
-
m
ea
n
s
cl
u
s
ter
in
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
w
a
s
u
s
ed
.
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h
is
ca
n
m
a
k
e
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h
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m
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m
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er
n
o
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ter
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le.
T
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e
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ed
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c
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ed
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ce
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th
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m
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u
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ir
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lu
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ter
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n
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o
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t
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e
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ted
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r
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g
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o
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.
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y
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s
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g
,
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t
ca
n
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at
ar
e
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to
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ase
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s
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ll
h
av
e
m
o
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en
er
g
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d
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s
i
n
g
,
it
ca
n
elec
t
n
o
d
es
th
at
ar
e
as
clo
s
e
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ce
n
ter
as
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o
s
s
ib
le
w
h
ile
s
ti
ll
h
a
v
e
m
o
r
e
en
er
g
y
r
e
m
ai
n
in
g
.
A
f
ter
elec
tin
g
th
e
s
e
t
w
o
ca
n
d
id
ates,
b
y
f
i
n
alizi
n
g
a
n
o
d
e
w
it
h
a
lo
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to
tal
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
d
is
ta
n
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e
as
a
clu
s
ter
h
ea
d
,
w
e
w
er
e
ab
le
t
o
elec
t
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
clu
s
ter
h
ea
d
an
d
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lt
s
s
h
o
w
ed
t
h
at
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
lif
e
ti
m
e
w
o
u
ld
i
m
p
r
o
v
e.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
I.
F
.
A
k
y
il
d
iz,
W
.
S
u
,
Y.
S
a
n
k
a
ra
su
b
ra
m
a
n
ia
m
,
a
n
d
E.
Ca
y
irci
,
“
A
S
u
rv
e
y
o
n
S
e
n
so
r
Ne
tw
o
rk
s,
”
IEE
E
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s M
a
g
a
zin
e
,
v
o
l.
4
0
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
1
0
2
-
1
1
4
,
2
0
0
2
.
[2
]
J.
Y.
L
e
e
,
“
En
e
rg
y
I
m
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
W
S
N
Us
in
g
T
h
e
S
to
c
h
a
stic
Clu
ste
r
He
a
d
S
e
lec
ti
o
n
,
”
T
h
e
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
T
h
e
In
stit
u
te
o
f
I
n
ter
n
e
t,
Bro
a
d
c
a
sti
n
g
a
n
d
Co
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
(
IIB
C
),
v
o
l.
1
5
,
n
o
. 1
,
p
p
.
1
2
5
-
1
2
9
,
2
0
1
5
.
[3
]
S
.
S
u
b
e
d
i
,
a
n
d
S
.
L
e
e
,
“
A
Ne
w
Tec
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
L
o
c
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
Us
in
g
th
e
Ne
a
re
st
A
n
c
h
o
r
-
Ce
n
tro
i
d
P
a
ir
Ba
se
d
o
n
L
QI
S
p
h
e
re
i
n
W
S
N
,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
C
o
n
v
e
r
g
e
n
c
e
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
1
6
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
6
-
11
,
2
0
1
8
.
[4
]
Bra
r,
G
u
rb
in
d
e
r
S
in
g
h
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
E
n
e
rg
y
e
ff
icie
n
t
d
irec
ti
o
n
-
b
a
se
d
P
DO
RP
r
o
u
t
in
g
p
ro
t
o
c
o
l
f
o
r
W
S
N
,
”
IEE
E
a
c
c
e
ss
,
v
o
l.
4
,
p
p
.
3
1
8
2
-
3
1
9
4
,
2
0
1
6
.
[5
]
W
a
n
g
,
Zh
o
n
g
-
x
u
n
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
c
l
u
ste
rin
g
W
S
N
ro
u
ti
n
g
p
ro
to
c
o
l
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
n
o
d
e
e
n
e
rg
y
a
n
d
m
u
lt
ip
a
th
,
”
Cl
u
ste
r
Co
mp
u
t
in
g
,
v
o
l
.
2
2
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
5
8
1
1
-
5
8
2
3
,
2
0
1
9
.
[6
]
A
n
z
o
la
,
Jo
h
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
c
lu
ste
ri
n
g
W
S
N
ro
u
ti
n
g
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
b
a
se
d
o
n
k
d
tree
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
,
”
S
e
n
so
rs
,
v
o
l.
1
8
,
n
o
.
9
,
p.
2
8
9
9
,
2
0
1
8
.
[7
]
W
a
n
g
,
Qu
a
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
n
e
n
e
rg
y
-
e
ff
ici
e
n
t
c
o
m
p
re
ss
iv
e
se
n
sin
g
-
b
a
s
e
d
c
lu
ste
ri
n
g
ro
u
ti
n
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
f
o
r
W
S
Ns
,”
IEE
E
S
e
n
so
rs
J
o
u
rn
a
l
,
v
o
l.
1
9
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
3
9
5
0
-
3
9
6
0
,
2
0
1
9
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
K
-
mea
n
s
clu
s
teri
n
g
-
b
a
s
ed
W
S
N
p
r
o
to
co
l fo
r
en
erg
y
efficien
cy
imp
r
o
ve
men
t
(
Jo
n
g
-
Yo
n
g
Lee
)
2377
[8
]
M
o
h
a
m
e
d
,
Re
e
m
E.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
En
e
r
g
y
e
ff
icie
n
t
c
o
ll
a
b
o
ra
ti
v
e
p
r
o
a
c
ti
v
e
ro
u
ti
n
g
p
ro
t
o
c
o
l
f
o
r
w
irele
ss
se
n
so
r
n
e
tw
o
rk
,
”
Co
mp
u
ter
Ne
tw
o
rk
s
,
v
o
l.
1
4
2
,
p
p
.
1
5
4
-
1
6
7
,
2
0
1
8
.
[9
]
Ku
m
a
r,
Ra
jee
v
,
a
n
d
Ku
m
a
r
Dil
ip
,
“
M
u
lt
i
-
o
b
jec
ti
v
e
f
ra
c
ti
o
n
a
l
a
rti
f
icia
l
b
e
e
c
o
l
o
n
y
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
to
e
n
e
rg
y
a
w
a
r
e
ro
u
ti
n
g
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
i
n
w
irele
ss
se
n
so
r
n
e
tw
o
rk
,
”
W
ire
les
s Ne
two
rk
s
,
v
o
l.
2
2
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
4
6
1
-
1
4
7
4
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
0
]
S
in
g
h
O.,
R
ish
iw
a
l
V
.
,
Ya
d
a
v
M
.
,
“
En
e
rg
y
tren
d
s
o
f
ro
u
ti
n
g
p
ro
t
o
c
o
ls
f
o
r
H
-
W
S
N,”
2
0
1
6
2
n
d
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
s in
Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
,
C
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
&
Au
to
ma
ti
o
n
(
ICACCA
)
(
Fa
ll
)
,
Ba
re
il
ly
,
2
0
1
6
,
p
p
.
1
-
4.
[1
1
]
Ja
m
a
l
N
.
Al
-
Ka
r
a
k
i,
A
h
m
e
d
E
.
Ka
m
a
l,
“
Ro
u
ti
n
g
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
i
n
w
ir
e
les
s
se
n
so
r
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
a
su
rv
e
y
,
”
IEE
E
W
ire
les
s
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
6
-
2
8
,
2
0
0
4
.
[1
2
]
Zh
a
o
C
h
e
n
g
,
M
a
rk
P
e
ril
lo
,
W
e
n
d
i
B
.
He
in
z
e
lm
a
n
,
“
G
e
n
e
ra
l
n
e
t
w
o
rk
li
f
e
ti
m
e
a
n
d
c
o
st
m
o
d
e
ls
f
o
r
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
n
g
se
n
so
r
n
e
tw
o
rk
d
e
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
stra
teg
ie
s
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
M
o
b
il
e
C
o
mp
u
ti
n
g
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
4
8
4
-
497
,
2
0
0
8
[1
3
]
Jo
a
n
n
a
Ku
l
ik
,
W
e
n
d
i
He
in
z
e
lm
a
n
,
Ha
ri
Ba
lak
rish
n
a
n
,
“
Ne
g
o
ti
a
ti
o
n
-
b
a
se
d
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
f
o
r
d
isse
m
in
a
ti
n
g
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
in
w
irele
ss
se
n
so
r
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
,
”
W
ir
e
les
s Ne
two
rk
s
,
v
o
l.
8
,
p
p
.
1
6
9
-
1
8
5
,
2
0
0
2
.
[1
4
]
G.
S
a
n
jee
v
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Cro
ss
l
a
y
e
r
a
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
b
a
se
d
m
o
b
il
e
W
S
N
ro
u
ti
n
g
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
f
o
r
in
ter
-
v
e
h
icu
lar
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
”
2
0
1
7
3
r
d
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Co
mp
u
t
a
ti
o
n
a
l
I
n
telli
g
e
n
c
e
&
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
CICT
)
,
G
h
a
z
i
a
b
a
d
,
2
0
1
7
,
p
p
.
1
-
7.
[1
5
]
Ku
sh
a
l
B.
Y.,
a
n
d
Ch
it
ra
M
.
,
“
C
lu
ste
r
b
a
se
d
ro
u
t
in
g
p
ro
t
o
c
o
l
t
o
p
ro
l
o
n
g
n
e
tw
o
rk
li
f
e
ti
m
e
th
ro
u
g
h
m
o
b
il
e
sin
k
in
W
S
N,”
2
0
1
6
IEE
E
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Rec
e
n
t
T
re
n
d
s
in
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
In
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
&
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
RT
EICT
)
,
Ba
n
g
a
lo
re
,
2
0
1
6
,
p
p
.
1
2
8
7
-
1
2
9
1
.
[1
6
]
T
.
Ka
n
u
n
g
o
,
D.
M
.
M
o
u
n
t,
N.
S
.
Ne
tan
y
a
h
u
,
C.
D.
P
iatk
o
,
R.
S
il
v
e
rm
a
n
,
A
.
Y.
W
u
,
“
A
n
e
fficie
n
t
k
-
m
e
a
n
s
c
lu
ste
rin
g
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
:
A
n
a
l
y
sis
a
n
d
im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
,
”
IE
EE
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
P
a
tt
e
rn
A
n
a
lys
is
a
n
d
M
a
c
h
i
n
e
In
telli
g
e
n
c
e
,
v
o
l.
2
4
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
8
8
1
-
8
9
2
,
2
0
0
2
.
[1
7
]
Ra
z
z
a
q
M
a
d
i
h
a
,
Nin
g
o
m
b
a
m
De
v
a
ra
n
i
De
v
i,
S
h
in
S
e
o
k
jo
o
,
“
E
n
e
rg
y
e
ff
i
c
ien
t
K
-
m
e
a
n
s
c
lu
ste
rin
g
-
b
a
se
d
ro
u
ti
n
g
p
ro
t
o
c
o
l
f
o
r
W
S
N
u
sin
g
o
p
ti
m
a
l
p
a
c
k
e
t
siz
e
,
”
2
0
1
8
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
Ne
tw
o
rk
in
g
(
ICOIN)
,
Ch
ian
g
M
a
i,
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
6
3
2
-
6
3
5
.
[1
8
]
S
h
a
rm
a
,
De
e
p
a
k
Ku
m
a
r,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
k
ROp
:
k
-
M
e
a
n
s
c
lu
ste
rin
g
b
a
se
d
r
o
u
ti
n
g
p
ro
t
o
c
o
l
f
o
r
o
p
p
o
rtu
n
i
stic
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Amb
ie
n
t
I
n
telli
g
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
H
u
ma
n
ize
d
C
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
2
8
9
-
1
3
0
6
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
9
]
R
ay
A
n
in
d
it
a
,
a
n
d
D.
E.
De
b
a
s
h
is,
“
En
e
rg
y
e
ff
icie
n
t
c
lu
ste
rin
g
p
ro
t
o
c
o
l
b
a
se
d
o
n
K
-
m
e
a
n
s
(EE
CP
K
-
m
e
a
n
s)
-
m
id
p
o
in
t
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
n
e
tw
o
rk
li
f
e
ti
m
e
in
w
irele
ss
s
e
n
so
r
n
e
tw
o
rk
,
”
IET
W
ire
les
s
S
e
n
so
r
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
8
1
-
1
9
1
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
0
]
D.
R.
Re
n
u
g
a
,
a
n
d
S
e
th
u
k
a
ra
si
T.
,
“
En
e
rg
y
E
ff
icie
n
t
En
h
a
n
c
e
d
K
-
M
e
a
n
s
Clu
ste
r
-
b
a
se
d
Ro
u
ti
n
g
P
r
o
to
c
o
l
f
o
r
W
S
N,”
En
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
11
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
1
]
S.
Ba
sm
a
,
“
En
e
rg
y
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
in
w
irele
ss
se
n
so
r
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
u
si
n
g
a
h
y
b
rid
k
-
m
e
a
n
s
p
so
c
l
u
ste
r
in
g
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
,
”
T
u
rk
ish
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
&
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
s
,
v
o
l.
2
4
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
6
7
9
-
2
6
9
5
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
2
]
M
a
h
b
o
u
b
A
z
iz,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
En
e
rg
y
-
e
ff
icie
n
t
h
y
b
rid
k
-
m
e
a
n
s
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
c
lu
ste
re
d
w
irel
e
ss
se
n
so
r
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
0
5
4
-
2
0
6
0
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
3
]
Ra
z
a
q
u
e
A
b
d
u
l,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
-
L
EA
C
H:
En
e
rg
y
e
ff
ici
e
n
t
ro
u
ti
n
g
p
ro
t
o
c
o
l
f
o
r
W
irele
ss
S
e
n
so
r
Ne
tw
o
rk
s,”
2
0
1
6
IE
EE
L
o
n
g
Isl
a
n
d
S
y
ste
ms
,
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(
L
IS
AT
)
,
F
a
rm
in
g
d
a
le,
NY
,
2
0
1
6
,
p
p
.
1
-
5.
[2
4
]
S
.
S
u
n
i
l
Ku
m
a
r,
K.
P
ra
b
h
a
t,
S
.
Jy
o
ti
P
ra
k
a
sh
,
“
A
su
rv
e
y
o
n
su
c
c
e
ss
o
rs
o
f
L
EA
C
H
p
ro
t
o
c
o
l,
”
I
EE
E
Acc
e
ss
,
v
o
l.
5
,
pp.
4
2
9
8
-
4
3
2
8
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
5
]
M.
J.
Ha
n
d
y
,
M
.
Ha
a
se
,
a
n
d
D.
T
i
m
m
e
r
m
a
n
n
,
“
L
o
w
e
n
e
rg
y
a
d
a
p
ti
v
e
c
lu
ste
rin
g
h
iera
rc
h
y
w
it
h
d
e
ter
m
in
isti
c
c
lu
ste
r
-
h
e
a
d
se
lec
ti
o
n
,
”
4
th
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
W
o
rk
sh
o
p
o
n
M
o
b
i
le
a
n
d
W
ire
les
s
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
Ne
tw
o
rk
,
S
to
c
k
h
o
lm
,
S
w
e
d
e
n
,
2
0
0
2
,
p
p
.
3
6
8
-
3
7
2
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
J
o
n
g
-
Yo
n
g
Le
e
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B.
S
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
Nu
c
lea
r
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Ha
n
Ya
n
g
Un
iv
e
r
sit
y
,
K
o
re
a
,
in
1
9
8
3
,
t
h
e
M
.
S
.
a
n
d
P
h
.
D
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
K
w
a
n
g
W
o
o
n
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
S
e
o
u
l
,
S
o
u
th
Ko
re
a
,
i
n
1
9
8
6
a
n
d
1
9
9
2
.
His
c
u
rre
n
t
re
se
a
rc
h
i
n
tere
sts
in
c
l
u
d
e
n
o
n
li
n
e
a
r
sy
ste
m
a
n
a
l
y
sis
a
n
d
c
o
n
tro
l
,
f
e
e
d
b
a
c
k
li
n
e
a
riza
ti
o
n
,
c
o
m
p
u
ter
a
i
d
e
d
c
o
n
tro
l,
c
o
m
p
u
ter
n
e
tw
o
rk
,
ima
g
e
f
u
sio
n
a
n
d
W
S
N,
S
e
n
so
r
Ne
tw
o
r
k.
Da
e
s
u
n
g
Le
e
He
is
a
p
ro
f
e
ss
o
r
in
th
e
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Ca
th
o
li
c
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
P
u
sa
n
,
Ko
re
a
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B.
S
.
,
M
.
S
.
a
n
d
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
s
f
ro
m
th
e
In
h
a
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
Ko
re
a
,
in
1
9
9
9
,
2
0
0
1
a
n
d
2
0
0
8
,
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
,
a
ll
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
&
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
In
h
a
Un
iv
e
r
sity
.
His
re
se
a
r
c
h
in
tere
sts
i
n
c
lu
d
e
se
c
u
rit
y
in
n
e
tw
o
rk
,
c
o
n
v
e
rg
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
o
p
e
ra
ti
n
g
sy
ste
m
.
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