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ter
u
s
ed
to
d
en
o
te
d
atasets
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
m
u
l
tid
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
al
o
r
m
u
lti
v
ar
ia
te.
Sin
c
e
v
ar
io
u
s
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
r
esear
ch
ed
an
d
ad
o
p
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
d
ec
ad
es
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t‟
s
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
a
lit
y
,
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
co
n
s
i
s
ted
o
f
a
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
ie
w
o
f
s
u
ch
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
an
d
a
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
u
s
ed
o
n
es.
T
h
en
,
a
m
u
lt
iv
ar
iab
le
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t
h
as
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
as
a
w
eb
ap
p
licatio
n
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
s
in
g
le
v
ie
w
to
o
l,
w
h
er
ea
s
t
h
e
s
e
lecte
d
g
r
ap
h
ic
ef
f
ec
t
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
r
ea
lized
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
d
3
.
j
s
lib
r
ar
y
[
1
2
]
.
Fo
r
th
e
m
u
ltip
l
e
v
ie
w
s
‟
v
i
s
u
al
izatio
n
,
t
h
e
Sc
atter
Dice
[
1
3
]
w
eb
ap
p
h
as
b
ee
n
s
lig
h
t
l
y
m
o
d
if
i
ed
an
d
ad
o
p
ted
as
a
tr
ad
itio
n
al,
y
et
i
n
ter
ac
ti
v
e,
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t
m
atr
i
x
.
F
in
all
y
,
a
tax
o
n
o
m
y
o
f
ta
s
k
s
f
o
r
v
is
u
al
izatio
n
to
o
ls
h
a
s
b
ee
n
ch
o
s
en
t
o
d
ef
in
e
th
e
u
s
e
ca
s
e
an
d
t
h
e
t
ests
to
co
m
p
ar
e
th
e
t
w
o
p
ar
ad
ig
m
s
.
T
h
e
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
an
ized
a
s
f
o
ll
o
w
s
:
S
ec
ti
o
n
2
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
d
et
ailed
an
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
b
o
th
h
is
to
r
y
an
d
s
tate
o
f
th
e
ar
t
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t.
T
h
e
d
esi
g
n
a
n
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
m
u
lti
v
ar
iab
le
s
ca
tter
p
l
o
t
is
p
r
ese
n
ted
i
n
S
ec
tio
n
3
,
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
a
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
its
co
u
n
ter
p
ar
t,
t
h
e
Scatter
Dice
.
Use
ca
s
e,
test
s
an
d
r
es
u
lt
s
ar
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
S
ec
t
io
n
4
,
w
h
er
ea
s
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
an
d
f
u
t
u
r
e
w
o
r
k
s
ar
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
in
S
ec
tio
n
5
.
2.
T
H
E
O
R
E
T
I
CA
L
B
ASI
S
2
.
1
.
I
nfo
rm
a
t
io
n v
is
ua
liza
t
i
o
n
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
to
w
ar
d
s
th
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
d
ata
is
t
h
e
w
a
y
t
h
e
y
ar
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
:
a
n
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
g
r
ap
h
ical
v
is
u
aliza
t
io
n
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
q
u
ick
a
n
d
i
n
t
u
iti
v
e
wa
y
to
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
io
n
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
th
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
n
es
s
o
f
t
h
e
v
is
u
al
ef
f
ec
t
s
ad
o
p
ted
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
d
if
f
er
en
t
v
ar
iab
les
d
eter
io
r
ates
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
v
ar
iab
les
in
cr
ea
s
es.
An
o
th
er
p
r
o
b
lem
t
o
b
e
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
is
th
at
to
o
o
f
ten
v
i
s
u
a
lizatio
n
s
b
ec
o
m
e
a
p
r
o
d
u
ct
o
f
th
e
v
is
u
al
an
al
y
s
is
i
n
s
tead
o
f
an
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
to
o
ls
th
at
th
e
e
x
p
er
ts
ca
n
u
s
e
to
ex
tr
ac
t
m
ea
n
i
n
g
f
u
l
i
n
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
f
r
o
m
th
eir
d
atasets
.
T
h
u
s
,
it
i
s
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
th
at
th
e
to
o
ls
en
ab
le
u
s
er
s
to
in
ter
ac
t
w
i
th
th
e
r
ep
r
ese
n
t
ed
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
f
u
r
t
h
er
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
a
l
y
s
is
o
n
t
h
e
d
ata
an
d
g
ain
i
n
s
i
g
h
t u
s
e
f
u
l
f
o
r
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
i
n
g
.
Ov
er
all,
t
h
e
g
o
al
o
f
v
i
s
u
al
iz
atio
n
to
o
ls
is
to
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
u
s
er
co
g
n
iti
v
e
w
o
r
k
n
ee
d
ed
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
ce
r
tain
tas
k
s
,
w
h
ic
h
u
s
u
all
y
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
r
etr
iev
in
g
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
d
er
iv
i
n
g
in
s
ig
h
t
f
r
o
m
m
ass
i
v
e,
d
y
n
a
m
ic
an
d
ev
en
t
u
all
y
co
n
f
licti
n
g
d
ata.
H
o
w
e
v
er
,
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
w
a
y
s
o
f
p
r
ese
n
ti
n
g
h
ig
h
-
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
al
d
ata
i
s
s
til
l
a
m
aj
o
r
ch
allen
g
e
i
n
in
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
v
i
s
u
al
izatio
n
.
T
o
th
is
e
n
d
,
m
u
ltiv
ar
iab
le
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
s
h
o
u
ld
f
u
r
t
h
er
h
elp
u
s
er
s
,
tu
r
n
in
g
t
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
v
er
lo
ad
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
d
atasets
t
h
at
p
r
esen
t
m
u
l
tip
le
attr
ib
u
tes
in
to
an
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
it
y
to
a
u
g
m
e
n
t t
h
e
d
is
co
v
er
y
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
2
.
2
.
M
ultidi
m
ens
io
na
l a
nd
m
u
lt
iv
a
ria
t
e
da
t
a
Data
s
ets
w
it
h
a
h
i
g
h
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
v
ar
iab
les
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
d
ef
in
ed
b
y
W
o
n
g
a
n
d
B
er
g
er
o
n
as
m
u
ltid
i
m
en
s
io
n
al
m
u
lti
v
ar
iate
d
ata
[
14
]
: th
e
d
ataset
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
s
e
t o
f
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
X,
w
h
e
r
e
th
e
i
-
t
h
ele
m
en
t
x
i
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
a
v
ec
to
r
w
it
h
m
v
ar
iab
les,
x
i
=
(
x
i1
,
…
,
x
i
m
)
.
E
ac
h
v
ar
iab
le
m
m
a
y
b
e
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
r
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
n
o
n
e
o
r
m
o
r
e
o
t
h
er
v
ar
iab
le
s
.
I
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
a
r
iab
les
ar
e
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
m
u
lt
id
im
en
s
io
n
a
l
v
ar
iab
les
an
d
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
le
s
ar
e
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
m
u
lt
iv
ar
iate
o
n
es.
T
h
is
p
o
s
e
an
o
th
er
p
r
o
b
lem
,
a
s
th
e
u
s
er
m
i
g
h
t
n
o
t
k
n
o
w
if
t
h
e
d
ata
ar
e
m
u
ltid
i
m
en
s
io
n
al
o
r
m
u
l
tiv
ar
iate,
th
u
s
i
f
a
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
d
at
a
ex
i
s
t.
E
v
e
n
t
u
all
y
,
th
is
co
u
ld
b
e
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
th
e
u
s
er
m
a
y
w
a
n
t
to
ad
d
r
ess
w
h
en
a
n
al
y
z
in
g
th
e
d
ataset
w
ith
a
v
is
u
aliza
t
io
n
to
o
l.
Mu
ltid
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
a
l
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
s
ar
e
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
to
d
is
p
la
y
a
s
a
m
p
le
d
ataset
a
s
p
o
in
t
s
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
n
-
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
al
d
o
m
ai
n
D
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
esti
m
ate
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
f
(
x
)
w
h
ic
h
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
d
ataset
o
v
er
t
h
e
e
n
tire
d
o
m
ai
n
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
is
is
s
i
m
p
le
w
h
e
n
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
i
m
e
n
s
i
o
n
s
is
s
m
all
an
d
m
a
tch
e
s
th
e
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
to
o
l
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
,
w
h
er
ea
s
it
i
s
a
m
u
c
h
h
ar
d
er
p
r
o
b
lem
w
h
e
n
h
ig
h
-
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
a
lit
y
d
ataset
s
ar
e
in
v
o
lv
ed
.
I
n
s
u
c
h
ca
s
es,
th
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
m
et
h
o
d
is
th
e
H
y
p
er
s
lice
f
r
o
m
v
an
L
ier
e
an
d
v
a
n
W
ij
k
[
16
]
,
[
17
]
:
th
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
r
eq
u
ir
es
to
s
lice
th
e
o
r
ig
i
n
al
n
-
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
d
ataset
in
to
m
2
D
s
u
b
s
p
ac
es
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
,
wh
er
e
m
=
(
n
(
n
-
1
)
)
/2
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
a
n
n
x
n
m
a
tr
ix
o
f
2
D
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
s
d
is
p
la
y
i
n
g
t
w
o
v
ar
iab
les,
w
h
er
ea
s
t
h
e
d
iag
o
n
al
s
h
o
w
s
i
n
1
D
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
s
d
is
p
la
y
in
g
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
v
ar
iab
le.
Mu
lti
v
ar
iate
d
ata
r
ef
er
s
to
a
s
et
o
f
d
ata
w
it
h
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
les:
u
s
u
all
y
,
a
m
u
lti
v
ar
iate
d
ataset
is
co
llected
as
a
tab
le,
ea
ch
co
lu
m
n
r
ep
r
esen
t
in
g
an
attr
ib
u
te
a
n
d
ea
ch
r
o
w
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
an
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
o
f
th
at
att
r
ib
u
te.
T
h
e
g
o
al
o
f
m
u
lti
v
ar
iate
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
s
,
d
ep
en
d
i
n
g
o
n
th
e
co
n
te
x
t,
m
a
y
co
n
s
i
s
t o
f
s
ea
r
ch
i
n
g
p
atter
n
s
,
clu
s
ter
s
,
tr
en
d
s
,
b
eh
a
v
io
r
s
o
r
co
r
r
elatio
n
s
a
m
o
n
g
attr
ib
u
tes,
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
t
h
e
elab
o
r
atio
n
o
f
h
y
p
o
t
h
esi
s
ab
o
u
t t
h
e
p
h
en
o
m
e
n
o
n
r
ep
r
ese
n
ted
b
y
t
h
e
d
at
a.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il 2
0
1
9
:
1
4
2
6
-
1436
1428
2
.
3
.
Sca
t
t
er
plo
t
s
T
h
e
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t
v
is
u
a
lizatio
n
d
iag
r
a
m
i
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
v
ar
iet
y
o
f
d
ata
v
is
u
al
r
ep
r
esen
ta
tio
n
s
,
d
u
e
to
its
r
elati
v
e
s
i
m
p
lic
it
y
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
er
m
u
lti
v
ar
iab
le
v
is
u
aliza
t
io
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
[
18
]
.
S
ca
tter
p
lo
t
v
is
u
aliza
t
io
n
s
ar
e
u
s
u
all
y
ap
p
r
ec
iated
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
y
ea
s
il
y
r
e
v
ea
l
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
et
w
ee
n
v
ar
iab
les.
s
ca
tter
p
lo
ts
ar
e
al
s
o
u
s
ed
t
o
estab
lis
h
co
r
r
elatio
n
s
a
m
o
n
g
v
ar
iab
les
w
it
h
i
n
a
ce
r
tain
co
n
f
id
en
ce
i
n
ter
v
al.
An
o
th
er
co
m
m
o
n
u
s
a
g
e
f
o
r
th
e
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t
is
th
e
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
o
f
s
i
m
ilar
d
atasets
.
E
v
en
i
f
t
h
e
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t
is
co
n
s
i
d
er
ed
a
p
o
w
er
f
u
l
to
o
l
f
o
r
d
ata
an
al
y
s
is
,
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
ch
alle
n
g
e
i
n
d
ata
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
co
n
s
i
s
ts
i
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
l
y
d
is
p
la
y
i
n
g
d
ataset
s
w
ith
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
t
w
o
v
ar
iab
l
es.
Fo
r
t
h
is
r
ea
s
o
n
,
v
ar
io
u
s
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
r
esear
ch
ed
a
n
d
ad
o
p
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
d
ec
ad
es
to
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
its
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
a
lit
y
,
s
in
ce
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
en
e
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t
b
ec
o
m
e
s
in
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
as
d
ata
g
r
o
w
s
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
ad
d
itio
n
al
v
ar
iab
les
m
a
y
b
e
d
is
p
la
y
ed
b
y
co
r
r
elatin
g
t
h
e
m
to
o
n
e
o
r
m
o
r
e
g
r
ap
h
ical
f
ea
t
u
r
es
o
f
th
e
p
lo
tted
p
o
in
ts
.
Ov
er
all,
th
e
s
e
g
r
ap
h
ica
l
ad
d
itio
n
s
ca
n
eith
er
en
h
an
ce
ex
is
t
in
g
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
o
f
th
e
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t
o
r
p
r
o
v
id
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
th
at
s
t
an
d
ar
d
s
ca
tter
p
lo
ts
d
o
n
o
t
h
av
e
at
all.
M
o
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
ese
g
r
ap
h
ical
ad
d
itio
n
s
i
s
b
ased
o
n
g
r
ap
h
ical
p
r
in
cip
le
s
t
h
at
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
to
g
r
ap
h
ics i
n
g
en
e
r
al.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
s
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es u
s
u
a
ll
y
p
r
o
d
u
ce
v
i
s
u
al
r
ep
r
esen
ta
tio
n
s
th
at
ar
e
ta
ilo
r
ed
o
n
s
p
ec
if
ic
d
ataset
an
d
/
o
r
task
s
.
I
n
1
9
8
4
,
C
lev
ela
n
d
a
n
d
Mc
Gi
ll
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
a
s
t
u
d
y
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
en
h
a
n
cin
g
o
f
t
h
e
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t
ad
d
in
g
g
r
ap
h
ical
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
[
19
]
.
T
h
e
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
u
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ca
teg
o
r
ies
o
f
g
r
ap
h
ical
ef
f
ec
ts
,
w
h
ich
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
d
b
o
th
tr
ad
itio
n
al
o
n
es
a
n
d
n
e
w
o
n
es:
s
u
n
f
lo
w
er
s
,
co
d
in
g
ca
teg
o
r
ies,
p
o
in
t
clo
u
d
s
izin
g
a
n
d
s
m
o
o
th
i
n
g
.
Af
ter
C
le
v
ela
n
d
an
d
Mc
Gill,
m
an
y
o
t
h
er
au
t
h
o
r
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
g
r
ap
h
ical
a
u
g
m
e
n
tatio
n
f
o
r
th
e
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t.
E
v
en
i
f
a
tax
o
n
o
m
y
o
r
cla
s
s
i
f
icatio
n
is
o
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
co
p
e
o
f
th
is
p
ap
er
,
a
b
r
ief
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
„
au
g
m
e
n
tatio
n
‟
to
th
e
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
to
o
l
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
,
s
in
ce
an
a
n
al
y
s
is
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
u
s
ed
e
f
f
ec
ts
is
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
to
d
ev
elo
p
a
m
u
lti
v
ar
iab
le
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t.
2
.
3.
1
.
Size
T
h
e
s
i
m
p
les
t
o
p
tio
n
to
d
is
p
l
a
y
a
n
ad
d
itio
n
al
v
ar
iab
le
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
v
ar
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
p
o
in
t.
T
h
is
k
i
n
d
o
f
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t,
w
h
ic
h
co
u
ld
d
is
p
la
y
t
h
r
ee
d
i
m
e
n
s
i
o
n
s
o
f
a
d
ata
s
et,
is
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
k
n
o
w
n
as
„
B
u
b
b
le
C
h
ar
t
‟
[
20
]
.
An
y
w
a
y
,
t
h
is
o
p
tio
n
m
a
y
lead
to
o
cc
lu
s
io
n
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
i
f
t
h
e
p
lo
t
d
o
es
n
o
t
p
r
o
v
id
e
p
r
o
p
er
s
ca
lin
g
o
n
th
e
t
w
o
ax
e
s
.
2
.
3
.
2
.
Co
lo
r
C
o
lo
r
ed
p
o
in
ts
o
n
a
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t
m
a
y
s
u
g
g
es
t
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
a
m
o
n
g
v
al
u
es
o
f
th
e
s
a
m
e
d
ataset
o
r
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ce
a
m
o
n
g
p
o
i
n
t
s
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
d
ataset
s
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
i
s
co
r
r
elatio
n
m
a
y
b
e
p
er
ce
iv
ed
w
it
h
o
u
t
d
r
a
w
in
g
a
n
y
co
n
n
ec
ti
n
g
lin
e
.
C
o
lo
r
s
ca
n
al
s
o
b
e
u
s
ed
t
o
en
h
a
n
ce
t
h
e
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
a
v
ar
iab
le
alr
ea
d
y
d
is
p
la
y
ed
b
y
a
n
o
th
er
ef
f
ec
t.
C
o
lo
r
s
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
„
co
d
in
g
ca
te
g
o
r
ies‟
o
r
ev
en
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
ter
eo
s
co
p
ic
s
ca
tter
p
lo
ts
as p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
W
ells
[
2
1
].
2
.
3
.
3
.
G
ra
ph
An
o
th
er
p
o
s
s
ib
ili
t
y
to
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
v
ar
i
ab
les
d
is
p
la
y
ed
b
y
a
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
d
is
p
la
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
o
in
ts
o
f
th
e
d
ataset
b
y
a
s
h
ap
e
o
r
g
eo
m
etr
i
ca
l
f
ig
u
r
e.
A
s
u
n
f
lo
w
er
is
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
t
y
p
e
o
f
g
l
y
p
h
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
a
d
o
t
a
n
d
s
e
v
er
al
lin
e
s
eg
m
e
n
t
s
d
ep
ar
tin
g
b
y
it,
w
h
er
ea
s
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
lin
e
s
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
a
v
ar
iab
le.
T
h
e
u
s
ag
e
o
f
th
e
s
u
n
f
lo
w
er
tech
n
iq
u
e
h
a
s
b
ee
n
s
u
g
g
ested
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
o
f
o
cc
lu
s
io
n
d
u
e
to
o
v
er
lap
p
in
g
p
o
in
t
s
[
19
]
.
A
n
o
th
er
u
s
a
g
e
f
o
r
g
l
y
p
h
s
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
u
s
in
g
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
s
y
m
b
o
ls
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
all
th
e
p
o
in
ts
p
er
tain
in
g
to
a
g
iv
e
n
ca
teg
o
r
y
o
r
d
ataset.
T
h
is
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
i
s
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
„
co
d
in
g
ca
te
g
o
r
ies‟
a
n
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
m
an
y
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
ie
s
,
all
w
i
th
p
r
o
s
an
d
co
n
s
:
o
n
e
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
letter
s
,
u
s
u
all
y
c
h
o
o
s
i
n
g
th
e
ca
p
ito
l
o
n
e
o
f
ea
ch
ca
te
g
o
r
y
.
Ot
h
er
co
d
in
g
s
c
h
e
m
es
co
n
s
i
s
t
o
f
u
s
in
g
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
ig
u
r
es
a
n
d
/o
r
co
lo
r
s
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
p
o
in
t
s
[
19
]
,
[
22
]
,
[
23
]
.
A
n
o
th
er
tech
n
iq
u
e
b
ased
o
n
g
l
y
p
h
s
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
ar
r
o
w
s
o
r
o
th
er
s
h
ap
es
th
at
ca
n
s
u
g
g
es
t a
d
ir
ec
tio
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
r
ep
r
esen
t a
n
ad
d
itio
n
al
v
ar
iab
le
[
24
]
.
2
.
3
.
4
.
L
a
bel
A
s
tr
in
g
o
f
ch
ar
ac
ter
s
ca
n
b
e
p
lace
d
ad
j
ac
en
t
to
ea
ch
p
o
in
t
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
an
ad
d
itio
n
al
i
n
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
.
E
llio
t
No
m
a
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
h
eu
r
is
tic
m
e
th
o
d
to
s
o
lv
e
th
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
o
f
o
v
er
lap
p
in
g
w
h
en
ad
d
in
g
m
u
ltic
h
ar
ac
ter
lab
els to
a
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t [
25
].
2
.
3
.
5
.
P
o
int
clo
ud
s
izing
P
o
in
t
clo
u
d
s
izi
n
g
r
e
f
e
r
s
to
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
cl
o
u
d
o
f
p
o
in
t
s
a
n
d
th
e
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t
f
r
a
m
e:
if
t
h
e
p
o
in
t c
lo
u
d
s
ize
d
ec
r
ea
s
es r
esp
ec
t to
t
h
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
f
r
a
m
e,
t
h
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
u
s
er
t
o
co
r
r
ec
tly
id
e
n
ti
f
y
lin
ea
r
as
s
o
ciatio
n
i
n
cr
ea
s
es.
Ov
er
all,
th
e
c
lo
u
d
s
h
o
u
ld
n
o
t
g
et
to
o
f
ar
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
r
a
m
e
o
r
to
o
clo
s
e
to
it,
an
d
C
lev
e
lan
d
an
d
Mc
Gil
l e
v
e
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
p
r
o
ce
d
u
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e
f
o
r
c
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r
r
ec
t
l
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s
izi
n
g
th
e
p
o
in
t c
lo
u
d
in
a
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t [
19
].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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&
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N:
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in
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views
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ca
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(
F
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er
ico
Ma
n
u
r
i
)
1429
2
.
3
.
6
.
S
m
o
o
t
hin
g
l
ine
An
o
th
er
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
in
v
o
l
v
es
t
h
e
u
s
ag
e
o
f
s
m
o
o
t
h
in
g
li
n
es:
f
ir
s
tl
y
,
it
is
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
to
co
m
p
u
te
o
n
e
o
r
m
o
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e
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et
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m
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ed
v
a
lu
e
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
o
r
ig
i
n
al
d
ata
s
et;
t
h
e
n
,
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
d
escr
ib
in
g
t
h
e
s
m
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o
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ed
v
al
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es
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is
tr
ib
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ld
b
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tted
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ca
tter
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F
o
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ex
a
m
p
le,
it
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
m
id
d
le
o
f
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
y
at
x
=
x
i
,
s
o
th
at
th
e
s
m
o
o
th
ed
p
o
in
t
s
f
o
r
m
a
r
eg
r
es
s
io
n
o
f
y
o
n
x
.
T
h
e
s
m
o
o
t
h
ed
v
al
u
es
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
f
o
llo
w
in
g
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es,
s
u
ch
as
t
h
e
lo
w
e
s
s
m
e
th
o
d
(
lo
ca
ll
y
w
eig
h
ted
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t
s
m
o
o
th
in
g
)
o
r
t
h
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
lo
ca
l
l
y
w
ei
g
h
ted
r
eg
r
e
s
s
io
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
C
le
v
ela
n
d
[
26
]
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
s
m
o
o
th
i
n
g
lin
es
i
s
to
s
i
m
p
li
f
y
t
h
e
ev
al
u
a
tio
n
o
f
th
e
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
o
f
y
o
n
x
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
m
a
n
y
o
th
er
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
s
m
o
o
t
h
i
n
g
lin
es
m
a
y
b
e
co
m
p
u
ted
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
k
i
n
d
o
f
v
is
u
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
e.
g
.
s
p
r
ea
d
s
m
o
o
th
in
g
l
i
n
es
w
h
ic
h
d
is
p
la
y
t
h
e
s
p
r
ea
d
o
f
y
g
iv
e
n
x
,
o
r
u
p
p
er
an
d
lo
w
er
s
m
o
o
th
i
n
g
s
w
h
ic
h
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
a
n
o
t
h
er
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
s
p
r
ea
d
.
2
.
3
.
7
.
S
m
o
o
t
hin
g
d
en
s
it
y
T
h
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
co
n
s
is
t
s
in
m
o
v
in
g
f
r
o
m
p
lo
ttin
g
t
h
e
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
d
o
ts
to
d
is
p
la
y
th
e
m
as
a
n
e
m
p
ir
ical
an
d
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
to
b
etter
r
ep
r
esen
t
t
h
e
p
o
in
t
s
‟
d
en
s
it
y
[
27
]
.
Oth
er
r
esear
c
h
er
s
f
u
r
t
h
er
i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
ate
d
th
is
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
s
r
elate
d
to
d
en
s
it
y
v
i
s
u
al
izatio
n
[
28
]
-
[
31
]
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
B
ac
h
th
aler
an
d
W
eisk
o
p
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
th
e
C
o
n
t
in
u
o
u
s
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t
to
c
o
m
b
i
n
e
a
s
tati
s
tical
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
u
c
h
as
th
e
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t
w
it
h
s
c
ien
ti
f
ic
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
li
k
e
v
o
l
u
m
e
o
r
f
lo
w
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
[
32
]
,
[3
3
].
2
.
3
.
8
.
Sca
t
t
er
plo
t
m
a
t
rix
A
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t
is
a
d
iag
r
a
m
s
h
o
w
i
n
g
a
s
et
o
f
d
ata
as
a
co
llectio
n
o
f
p
o
in
ts
u
s
i
n
g
C
ar
tesi
a
n
C
o
o
r
d
in
ates.
A
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t
m
a
tr
ix
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
a
s
er
ies
o
f
s
ca
t
ter
p
lo
ts
,
o
n
e
f
o
r
ea
ch
p
air
o
f
v
ar
iab
les,
d
is
p
la
y
ed
to
g
eth
er
o
n
a
s
i
n
g
le
s
cr
ee
n
[
34
]
.
I
f
t
h
e
d
ataset
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
k
v
ar
iab
les,
it
r
eq
u
ir
es
k
(
k
-
1
)
/2
p
air
s
a
n
d
t
h
er
ef
o
r
e
s
ca
tter
p
lo
ts
.
U
n
f
o
r
tu
n
atel
y
,
th
is
s
o
lu
tio
n
p
r
esen
ts
a
m
aj
o
r
p
r
o
b
lem
:
a
n
al
y
zi
n
g
al
l
th
e
s
ca
tt
er
p
lo
ts
m
a
y
r
eq
u
ir
e
a
lo
t
o
f
ti
m
e,
d
ep
en
d
i
n
g
o
n
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
v
ar
iab
les,
th
u
s
t
h
i
s
s
o
l
u
tio
n
is
n
o
t
o
p
ti
m
al
w
h
en
d
ea
lin
g
w
i
th
ti
m
e
-
r
elate
d
task
s
.
2
.
3
.
9
.
3
D
s
ca
t
t
er
plo
t
An
o
th
er
o
p
t
io
n
to
d
is
p
la
y
m
u
lti
v
ar
iab
le
d
ata
co
n
s
is
t
s
i
n
ad
o
p
tin
g
a
3
D
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t
v
i
s
u
aliza
tio
n
.
3
D
s
ca
tter
p
lo
ts
e
x
p
lo
it
t
h
e
t
h
i
r
d
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
,
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
th
r
ee
d
ata
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
o
n
t
h
e
x
,
y
an
d
z
co
o
r
d
in
ates,
in
a
th
r
ee
-
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
al
s
p
ac
e.
T
h
e
th
ir
d
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
e
n
r
ich
e
s
th
e
v
is
u
aliza
t
io
n
d
is
p
la
y
in
g
an
ad
d
itio
n
al
d
ata
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
it
allo
w
s
t
h
e
u
s
er
to
in
ter
ac
t
w
it
h
t
h
e
g
r
ap
h
ical
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
c
h
a
n
g
i
n
g
t
h
e
v
ie
w
p
o
r
t.
Un
f
o
r
tu
n
atel
y
,
it
is
n
o
t
ad
v
i
s
a
b
le
to
ab
u
s
e
m
u
l
tid
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
al
it
y
if
it
is
n
o
t
ab
s
o
lu
te
l
y
n
ec
e
s
s
ar
y
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
is
n
o
t
v
is
u
all
y
ill
u
s
tr
ativ
e.
T
h
e
ex
tr
a
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
m
a
y
g
r
ea
tl
y
a
f
f
ec
t
h
o
w
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
p
r
esen
ted
an
d
in
t
er
p
r
eted
,
th
u
s
m
o
v
in
g
f
r
o
m
a
2
-
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
to
a
3
-
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
r
ep
r
e
s
en
tatio
n
i
s
n
o
t
a
s
i
m
p
le
tas
k
.
On
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
d
is
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
r
ee
-
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
al
o
b
j
ec
ts
is
o
cc
lu
s
io
n
,
w
h
ic
h
m
a
y
o
cc
u
r
i
f
o
n
e
o
b
j
ec
t
co
v
er
s
an
o
th
er
o
r
o
cc
u
p
ies
th
e
s
a
m
e
s
p
atial
p
o
s
iti
o
n
f
o
r
t
w
o
co
o
r
d
i
n
ates
in
th
e
3
D
r
e
p
r
esen
tatio
n
.
T
h
is
k
in
d
o
f
p
r
o
b
le
m
u
s
u
al
l
y
o
cc
u
r
s
if
th
e
d
e
n
s
it
y
o
f
d
at
a
ite
m
s
i
s
lar
g
e
o
r
w
h
en
a
v
er
y
lar
g
e
o
b
j
ec
t
is
d
is
p
la
y
ed
in
f
r
o
n
t o
f
s
m
al
ler
o
b
j
ec
ts
.
2
.
3
.
1
0
.
O
t
her
d
esig
ns
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
y
ea
r
s
,
m
an
y
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
er
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
k
in
d
s
o
f
a
u
g
m
e
n
ted
s
ca
tter
p
lo
ts
ai
m
ed
at
s
o
lv
i
n
g
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
ta
s
k
s
o
r
p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
I
n
2
0
0
8
,
E
lm
q
v
is
t
et
a
l
.
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
th
e
Scatter
D
ice,
a
v
i
s
u
aliza
tio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
d
esi
g
n
ed
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
lar
g
e
a
n
d
m
u
lti
v
ar
iab
le
d
atas
ets
b
y
n
a
v
ig
a
tio
n
i
n
d
ata
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
p
ac
e
u
s
i
n
g
2
D
s
ca
tter
p
lo
ts
,
a
m
atr
i
x
o
f
s
ca
tter
p
lo
ts
an
d
3
D
tr
an
s
itio
n
s
[
1
3
]
.
A
n
o
t
h
er
in
ter
esti
n
g
to
o
l
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
b
y
C
h
a
n
et
a
l
.
[
35
]
,
th
e
Se
n
s
it
iv
it
y
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t:
t
h
e
id
ea
is
to
d
is
p
la
y
t
h
e
d
ata
a
s
s
tar
g
l
y
p
h
s
,
t
h
u
s
t
h
e
s
h
ap
e
o
f
ea
ch
d
o
t
ca
n
r
ep
r
esen
t
f
o
u
r
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
v
ar
iab
les
at
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
t
i
m
e,
g
r
ea
tl
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
th
e
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
a
lit
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t.
Oth
er
e
x
a
m
p
le
o
f
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t
cu
s
to
m
izatio
n
ai
m
ed
at
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
d
ata
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
an
d
/o
r
s
o
l
v
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
tas
k
s
ar
e
th
e
b
in
n
ed
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t
[
3
6
]
,
th
e
lin
k
ab
l
e
s
ca
tter
p
lo
ts
[
37
]
,
th
e
s
-
C
o
r
r
P
lo
t
[
38
]
an
d
th
e
co
lu
m
n
s
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t [
39
].
3.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
an
al
y
s
i
s
d
etailed
in
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
e
ct
io
n
d
ep
icts
th
e
Sc
atter
Dice
as
o
n
e
in
ter
esti
n
g
ev
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
th
e
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t,
s
in
ce
it
is
a
n
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
to
o
l
th
at
ef
f
ec
ti
v
el
y
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
t
h
e
m
u
ltip
le
v
ie
w
s
‟
p
ar
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m
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A
t
th
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a
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e
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i
m
e,
a
class
ica
l,
s
i
n
g
le
v
ie
w
s
ca
tte
r
p
lo
t
en
h
a
n
ce
d
w
it
h
ad
d
i
tio
n
a
l
g
r
ap
h
ica
l
e
f
f
ec
t
s
co
u
ld
b
e
m
o
r
e
g
e
n
er
alis
t
an
d
m
o
r
e
f
lex
ib
le,
r
esp
ec
t
to
t
h
e
w
id
e
p
leth
o
r
a
o
f
tas
k
s
it
co
u
ld
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
.
Fo
r
th
ese
r
ea
s
o
n
s
,
it
co
u
ld
b
e
in
ter
esti
n
g
to
co
m
p
ar
e
t
h
e
Scat
ter
Dice
w
it
h
a
n
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t
th
at
co
u
ld
v
is
u
aliz
e
m
o
r
e
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
th
a
n
th
e
t
w
o
o
f
th
e
b
asic
v
er
s
io
n
an
d
p
o
s
s
ib
l
y
ev
e
n
m
o
r
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il 2
0
1
9
:
1
4
2
6
-
1436
1430
th
an
f
o
u
r
s
in
ce
m
a
n
y
co
m
m
o
n
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
d
i
s
p
la
y
u
p
to
f
o
u
r
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
u
s
a
g
e
o
f
co
lo
r
an
d
s
ize
ef
f
ec
ts
.
T
o
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t
t
h
is
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
,
an
i
m
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
o
f
a
m
u
lti
v
ar
iab
le
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t
h
a
s
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
,
w
h
er
ea
s
t
h
e
Scatter
Dice
h
as b
ee
n
o
n
l
y
s
li
g
h
tl
y
m
o
d
if
ied
f
o
r
a
m
o
r
e
r
ea
lis
tic
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
.
3
.
1.
Desig
n
Mu
lti
v
ar
iab
le
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
s
tr
y
to
ad
d
r
ess
t
h
e
ch
a
llen
g
e
s
o
f
d
is
p
la
y
i
n
g
d
ata
s
ets
w
it
h
m
a
n
y
v
ar
iab
les.
T
h
is
f
ac
t
s
u
g
g
est
s
t
w
o
k
i
n
d
s
o
f
p
r
o
b
lem
s
:
f
ir
s
tl
y
,
th
e
m
aj
o
r
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
ch
ar
ts
u
s
u
all
y
ad
o
p
ted
to
v
is
u
alize
d
ata
ca
n
n
o
t
d
is
p
la
y
m
o
r
e
t
h
an
th
r
ee
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iately
;
s
ec
o
n
d
l
y
,
t
h
e
ef
f
icac
y
o
f
t
h
e
g
r
ap
h
ical
e
f
f
ec
ts
ad
o
p
ted
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
d
if
f
er
en
t
d
ata
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
d
eter
i
o
r
ates
w
h
e
n
th
eir
n
u
m
b
er
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
.
Vis
u
a
l
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
o
f
m
u
lti
v
ar
iab
le
d
ata
is
r
ele
v
an
t
s
i
n
ce
it
h
elp
s
to
f
i
n
d
tr
en
d
s
,
p
atter
n
s
,
o
u
tlier
s
,
a
n
d
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
a
m
o
n
g
v
ar
iab
les.
W
h
e
n
v
i
s
u
al
izin
g
m
u
lti
v
ar
iab
le
d
ata,
it
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
m
ap
ea
c
h
v
ar
iab
le
to
s
o
m
e
g
r
ap
h
ical
en
tit
y
o
r
attr
ib
u
te.
T
h
e
s
ca
t
ter
p
lo
t
v
i
s
u
a
lizatio
n
d
ia
g
r
a
m
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
v
ar
iet
y
o
f
d
ata
v
is
u
al
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
s
,
d
u
e
to
its
r
elativ
e
s
i
m
p
licit
y
i
n
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
to
o
t
h
er
m
u
lti
v
a
r
iab
le
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
[
18
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
m
u
lti
v
ar
iab
le
v
i
s
u
a
lizatio
n
to
o
ls
th
at
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
ca
tter
p
lo
ts
,
s
u
ch
as
G
Go
b
i
[
40
]
,
T
ab
leau
/P
o
la
r
is
[
41
]
an
d
Xm
d
v
T
o
o
l
[
42
]
,
u
s
u
a
ll
y
allo
w
th
e
u
s
er
to
m
ap
d
ata
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
to
ad
d
itio
n
a
l
g
r
ap
h
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
s
u
c
h
as p
o
in
t c
o
lo
r
,
s
h
ap
e,
an
d
s
ize.
Sin
ce
th
e
b
asic
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t
m
a
y
d
is
p
la
y
o
n
l
y
t
w
o
v
ar
iab
les,
v
ar
io
u
s
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
r
esear
ch
ed
an
d
ad
o
p
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
d
ec
a
d
es
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
it
s
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
alit
y
.
A
d
d
itio
n
al
v
ar
iab
les
m
a
y
b
e
d
is
p
la
y
ed
b
y
co
r
r
elatin
g
th
e
m
to
o
n
e
o
r
m
o
r
e
g
r
ap
h
ical
f
ea
t
u
r
es
o
f
t
h
e
p
lo
tted
p
o
in
ts
,
as
d
etailed
in
s
ec
tio
n
2
.
3
.
I
t
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
u
s
e
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
m
o
r
e
th
an
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
ese
tec
h
n
i
q
u
es,
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
tl
y
,
to
o
b
tain
ev
en
b
etter
v
i
s
u
al
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
al
it
y
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
t
h
e
g
r
ap
h
ical
e
f
f
ec
ts
m
u
s
t
b
e
cl
ea
r
l
y
d
is
ti
n
g
u
i
s
h
ab
le,
o
th
er
w
i
s
e
th
e
b
en
e
f
its
o
f
d
is
p
la
y
i
n
g
m
o
r
e
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
at
th
e
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e
w
ill
p
r
o
m
p
tl
y
w
o
r
s
e
n
d
u
e
to
a
r
ed
u
ce
d
v
is
u
al
clar
it
y
.
Ma
n
y
s
t
u
d
ies,
li
k
e
[
43
]
,
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
to
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
h
o
w
v
i
s
u
a
lizatio
n
d
esi
g
n
ca
n
b
en
ef
it
f
r
o
m
ta
k
i
n
g
in
to
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
,
as
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
as
s
i
g
n
m
e
n
ts
o
f
v
i
s
u
al
e
n
co
d
in
g
v
ar
iab
les
s
u
c
h
as
co
lo
r
,
s
h
ap
e
an
d
s
ize
co
u
ld
s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
a
f
f
ec
t
h
o
w
v
ie
w
er
s
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
d
ata.
An
o
th
er
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
f
ea
tu
r
e
to
t
ak
e
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
w
h
en
d
ea
li
n
g
w
it
h
v
i
s
u
al
izatio
n
to
o
ls
i
s
th
e
f
ac
t
th
at
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
lead
to
d
is
p
ar
ate
task
s
w
h
e
n
d
ea
li
n
g
w
it
h
m
u
lti
v
ar
iab
le
v
i
s
u
al
i
za
tio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es.
As
d
ef
i
n
ed
b
y
[
44
]
an
d
f
u
r
th
er
d
escr
ib
ed
b
y
[
45
]
,
f
iv
e
m
a
j
o
r
task
s
ca
n
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es
a
u
s
er
m
i
g
h
t
w
a
n
t
to
f
u
l
f
ill
w
h
e
n
u
s
i
n
g
a
v
is
u
aliza
t
io
n
to
o
l
to
d
is
p
la
y
o
r
an
al
y
ze
m
u
lt
iv
ar
iab
le
d
ata:
id
en
tify
,
d
eter
m
in
e,
co
m
p
ar
e,
in
f
er
an
d
lo
ca
te.
Scatter
p
lo
ts
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
ass
es
s
all
th
e
s
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
tas
k
s
a
n
d
h
av
e
b
ee
n
ap
p
lied
to
d
ata
in
m
an
y
f
ield
s
o
f
u
s
e,
s
u
c
h
as
au
to
m
o
ti
v
e,
f
in
a
n
ce
,
p
h
ar
m
ac
o
lo
g
y
,
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
w
ea
t
h
er
f
o
r
ec
ast,
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
,
f
o
o
d
an
d
m
an
y
o
t
h
er
s
.
T
h
e
f
iv
e
tas
k
s
d
ef
i
n
ed
b
y
Valiati
ar
e:
id
en
tify
,
d
eter
m
in
e,
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
,
i
n
f
er
an
d
lo
ca
te.
I
d
en
ti
f
y
r
e
f
er
s
to
an
y
ac
tio
n
o
f
f
in
d
i
n
g
,
d
is
co
v
er
in
g
o
r
es
ti
m
atin
g
v
is
u
all
y
.
Dete
r
m
i
n
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
ac
tio
n
o
f
ca
lcu
latin
g
,
d
ef
in
i
n
g
o
r
p
r
ec
is
el
y
d
esig
n
at
in
g
v
al
u
es
(
s
u
c
h
as
m
ea
n
,
m
ed
ia
n
,
v
ar
ian
ce
,
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
,
a
m
p
li
tu
d
e,
p
e
r
ce
n
tile)
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
tas
k
s
t
ak
e
p
lace
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
u
s
er
w
a
n
t
s
to
co
m
p
ar
e
d
ata
t
h
at
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
id
en
ti
f
ied
,
lo
ca
ted
,
v
i
s
u
al
ized
o
r
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
.
I
n
f
e
r
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
ac
tio
n
o
f
in
f
er
r
i
n
g
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
v
i
s
u
a
lized
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
,
s
u
c
h
a
s
d
e
f
i
n
in
g
h
y
p
o
th
ese
s
,
r
u
les,
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
ies
o
r
tr
en
d
s
,
attr
ib
u
tes
o
f
ca
u
s
e
a
n
d
ef
f
ec
t.
L
o
ca
te
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
ac
t
io
n
s
o
f
s
ea
r
c
h
i
n
g
a
n
d
f
i
n
d
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
t
h
e
g
r
ap
h
ic
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
:
th
e
y
c
an
b
e
d
ata
p
o
in
ts
,
v
alu
e
s
,
d
is
tan
ce
s
,
clu
s
ter
s
,
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
r
o
th
er
v
is
u
al
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
an
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
t
h
e
ex
i
s
ti
n
g
v
i
s
u
a
lizatio
n
to
o
ls
h
i
g
h
li
g
h
ts
s
e
v
er
al
u
tili
t
ies
th
at
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
o
l sh
o
u
ld
co
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
d
to
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
u
s
er
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
,
s
u
c
h
as:
a.
th
e
to
o
l sh
o
u
ld
allo
w
t
h
e
u
s
er
to
in
p
u
t n
u
m
er
ical,
alp
h
ab
etic
al
an
d
d
is
cr
ete
v
ar
iab
les;
b.
th
e
to
o
ls
s
h
o
u
ld
en
ab
le
t
h
e
u
s
er
to
d
ef
in
e
f
il
ter
s
to
s
i
m
p
li
f
y
th
e
v
i
s
u
al
e
x
p
lo
r
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
d
ataset;
c.
a
zo
o
m
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
h
o
u
ld
allo
w
th
e
u
s
er
to
e
x
p
lo
r
e
th
e
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t,
en
h
a
n
ci
n
g
p
o
in
t
s
ev
alu
a
tio
n
an
d
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
,
esp
ec
iall
y
w
h
e
n
o
cc
lu
s
io
n
o
cc
u
r
s
;
d.
th
e
u
s
er
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
en
ab
led
t
o
cu
s
to
m
ize
th
e
m
ap
p
in
g
t
h
e
d
ata
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
to
t
h
e
av
ai
l
ab
le
g
r
ap
h
ical
ef
f
ec
ts
;
e.
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
s
f
o
r
i
n
ter
ac
tiv
e
r
e
f
i
n
e
m
e
n
t o
f
th
e
d
ataset
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
av
ailab
le.
T
o
o
b
tain
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
o
s
s
ib
le
v
is
u
al
c
lar
it
y
,
th
e
v
i
s
u
al
e
f
f
e
cts
h
av
e
b
ee
n
c
h
o
s
e
n
a
n
d
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
b
o
th
t
h
e
li
ter
atu
r
e
r
ev
ie
w
s
u
m
m
ed
u
p
i
n
Secti
o
n
2
.
3
an
d
th
e
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
h
er
eb
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
A
b
r
ief
en
u
m
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
c
h
o
s
e
n
v
i
s
u
al
ef
f
ec
t
s
ad
o
p
ted
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t c
o
n
s
i
s
t o
f
:
1.
s
h
o
w
i
n
g
a
th
ir
d
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
co
lo
r
m
ap
;
co
lo
r
ed
p
o
in
ts
o
n
a
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t
m
a
y
s
u
g
g
e
s
t
s
i
m
i
lar
it
y
a
m
o
n
g
v
al
u
e
s
o
f
th
e
s
a
m
e
d
ataset
o
r
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ce
am
o
n
g
p
o
in
ts
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t d
atasets
;
2.
v
ar
y
i
n
g
th
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
p
o
in
ts
to
d
is
p
lay
a
n
ad
d
itio
n
al
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
;
u
n
f
o
r
tu
n
atel
y
,
t
h
i
s
o
p
tio
n
m
a
y
lead
to
o
cc
lu
s
io
n
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
i
f
t
h
e
p
lo
t d
o
es n
o
t p
r
o
v
id
e
p
r
o
p
er
s
ca
lin
g
o
n
t
h
e
t
w
o
a
x
es;
3.
ch
an
g
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
h
ap
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
in
ts
,
d
r
a
w
i
n
g
ea
ch
ele
m
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
d
ataset
as
d
if
f
er
en
t
k
i
n
d
s
o
f
g
l
y
p
h
s
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
a
v
ar
iab
le
o
f
th
e
d
ataset;
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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&
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4.
ch
an
g
i
n
g
th
e
o
r
ien
tatio
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h
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s
h
ap
e;
u
s
u
all
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a
d
o
t
o
r
lin
e
i
s
d
r
a
w
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o
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th
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o
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ef
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d
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ea
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t a
te
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r
e,
w
h
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d
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it
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ep
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v
ar
iab
le;
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ad
d
in
g
to
ea
ch
p
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t a
n
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tli
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e,
w
h
ich
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id
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h
m
a
y
v
ar
y
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
a
v
ar
iab
le;
7.
ad
d
in
g
a
lab
el
in
s
id
e
th
e
p
o
in
t,
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
t
h
e
s
ize
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
in
t its
el
f
.
3
.
2.
M
ulti
v
a
ria
ble s
ca
t
t
er
pl
o
t
T
h
e
m
u
lti
v
ar
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s
ca
t
ter
p
lo
t w
a
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d
ev
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lo
p
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as a
w
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p
licatio
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C
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t.
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.
j
s
[
1
2
]
J
av
aScr
ip
t
lib
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s
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ed
to
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t
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in
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n
t
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al
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t
s
.
E
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h
v
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s
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al
e
f
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t,
w
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e
n
s
elec
ted
,
allo
w
s
t
h
e
u
s
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to
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e
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(
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p
t
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th
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x
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y
ax
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)
,
s
u
c
h
as
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d
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lt
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w
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to
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et
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m
ax
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m
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ize
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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tio
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lar
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T
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k
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f
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lter
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te
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s
e
d
w
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en
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lin
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w
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th
n
u
m
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A
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allo
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p
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ic
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ld
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clu
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ed
o
r
ex
clu
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ed
f
r
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m
th
e
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
.
T
h
is
f
ilter
is
u
s
u
al
l
y
ad
o
p
ted
f
o
r
alp
h
ab
etica
l
o
r
d
is
cr
ete
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
T
h
e
leg
en
d
p
an
el
r
es
u
m
e
s
all
th
e
s
elec
ted
m
ap
p
in
g
s
w
it
h
a
m
i
n
iat
u
r
ized
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
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o
f
th
e
g
r
ap
h
ic
al
ef
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ec
t
a
n
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n
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m
e
o
f
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
p
ar
a
m
eter
m
ap
p
ed
o
n
it.
3
.
3.
Sca
t
t
er
Dice
Scatter
Dice
is
a
v
i
s
u
aliza
tio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
d
esig
n
ed
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
lar
g
e
an
d
m
u
lti
v
ar
iab
le
d
atasets
b
y
n
av
i
g
atio
n
i
n
d
ata
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
p
ac
e
u
s
i
n
g
2
D
s
ca
tter
p
lo
ts
an
d
a
m
atr
i
x
o
f
s
ca
tter
p
lo
ts
[
1
3
]
.
Fo
r
ea
c
h
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
d
ata
s
et,
t
h
e
Scatter
Dice
cr
ea
te
s
o
n
e
s
ca
tt
er
p
lo
t
p
er
ev
er
y
co
m
b
i
n
atio
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o
f
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
a
n
d
ar
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g
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h
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m
i
n
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lar
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ca
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m
atr
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x
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ed
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o
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er
v
ie
w
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w
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d
ataset.
N
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m
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x
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a
s
tan
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ar
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b
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m
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io
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lo
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i
s
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lay
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,
r
ep
r
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tin
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th
e
c
u
r
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en
tl
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s
elec
ted
s
ca
tter
p
lo
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f
r
o
m
t
h
e
m
atr
i
x
.
3
D
r
o
tatio
n
v
is
u
all
y
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
i
tio
n
s
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
s
ca
t
ter
p
lo
t to
an
o
th
er
.
Si
n
c
e
th
i
s
f
ea
tu
r
e
i
n
n
o
t
ac
h
iev
ab
le
in
t
h
e
m
u
ltiv
ar
iab
l
e
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t,
it
h
as
b
ee
n
r
e
m
o
v
ed
f
o
r
t
h
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
te
s
ts
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
t
h
e
u
s
er
m
a
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
v
is
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al
q
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er
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s
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o
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d
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n
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m
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d
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ter
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q
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er
y
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h
a
n
g
i
n
g
v
ie
w
p
o
in
t
s
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
an
ex
a
m
p
le
o
f
Scatter
Dice
v
is
u
al
izatio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Scatter
Dice
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
o
c
o
m
p
ar
e
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
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d
u
s
ab
ilit
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o
f
t
h
e
m
u
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s
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th
e
Scatter
Dice
,
a
u
s
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ca
s
e
h
as
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ee
n
d
ef
i
n
ed
f
o
llo
w
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n
g
t
h
e
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
d
escr
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ed
b
y
Valiati
et
a
l
.
in
[
44
]
,
in
o
r
d
er
to
a
d
d
r
ess
all
th
e
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
v
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s
u
al
izatio
n
tas
k
ca
te
g
o
r
ies
d
escr
ib
ed
b
y
th
eir
tax
o
n
o
m
y
.
Si
n
ce
t
h
e
Sca
tter
Dice
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
s
elec
tio
n
to
o
l
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ased
o
n
b
o
u
n
d
in
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v
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l
u
m
es,
a
s
i
m
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lar
to
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l
to
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t
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elev
a
n
t
p
o
in
t
h
a
s
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
f
o
r
th
e
m
u
lti
v
ar
iab
le
s
ca
tter
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lo
t:
th
e
u
s
e
ca
n
h
ig
h
li
g
h
t
r
elev
a
n
t
p
o
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t
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clic
k
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t
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e
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,
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e
m
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t
h
e
tr
an
s
p
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y
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ec
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n
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th
u
s
al
lo
w
i
n
g
th
e
p
o
in
t to
s
ta
n
d
o
u
t
.
4
.
1
.
Da
t
a
s
et
Fo
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
u
s
e
ca
s
e,
t
h
e
d
ataset
f
r
o
m
Q
S
W
o
r
ld
Un
i
v
er
s
it
y
R
a
n
k
i
n
g
h
av
e
b
ee
n
u
s
e
d
[
4
6
]
th
is
is
a
c
lass
ic
e
x
a
m
p
le
o
f
m
u
lt
iv
ar
iab
le
d
ataset,
s
i
n
ce
f
o
r
e
ac
h
u
n
iv
er
s
it
y
ar
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
f
o
u
r
tee
n
attr
ib
u
tes,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
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8708
S
in
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view v
s
mu
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views
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ca
tter
p
lo
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(
F
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Ma
n
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1433
s
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d
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a
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f
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a
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f
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ter
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(
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d
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ter
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ati
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(
5
%).
Mo
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,
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k
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s
a
m
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attr
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m
a
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x
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T
h
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o
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i
b
u
tes
ar
e
th
e
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v
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all
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co
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th
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en
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th
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p
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ete
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o
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ize
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ac
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lt
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h
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s
it
y
,
ag
e,
s
ize
an
d
th
e
Sta
te
w
h
er
e
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
it
y
i
s
lo
ca
t
ed
.
4
.
2
.
Use c
a
s
e
T
h
e
test
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
th
r
ee
q
u
esti
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n
s
th
at
r
eq
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ir
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th
e
u
s
er
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ataset
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r
o
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h
s
u
b
s
eq
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en
t
r
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m
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n
ts
.
Fo
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ch
q
u
est
io
n
,
t
h
e
u
s
er
h
ad
to
ch
o
o
s
e
a
m
o
n
g
f
o
u
r
p
o
s
s
ib
le
an
s
w
er
s
.
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o
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
l
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o
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m
t
h
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k
,
t
h
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m
,
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eter
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f
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an
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f
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a
n
s
w
er
.
Fin
a
ll
y
,
it
m
a
y
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e
n
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s
ar
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to
v
i
s
u
alize
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
attr
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te
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
to
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ltip
.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
s
in
v
o
lv
ed
o
n
l
y
s
o
m
e
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
f
if
tee
n
av
ai
lab
le
attr
ib
u
tes:
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
y
ea
r
o
v
er
all
s
co
r
e
an
d
t
h
e
s
ix
attr
i
b
u
tes
w
h
ic
h
d
e
f
i
n
e
it,
p
l
u
s
t
h
e
s
tate
a
n
d
t
h
e
a
g
e
attr
ib
u
tes.
T
h
e
at
tr
ib
u
tes
w
er
e
m
ap
p
ed
to
t
h
e
g
r
ap
h
ical
e
f
f
e
cts
f
o
llo
w
in
g
th
e
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
c
r
iter
ia
d
escr
ib
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
3
.
1
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
th
e
State
attr
ib
u
te
w
as
co
d
ed
as
a
t
w
o
ch
ar
ac
ter
s
lab
el,
w
h
ich
was
d
is
p
la
y
ed
in
s
id
e
th
e
s
h
ap
e
o
f
th
e
p
o
in
t
s
i
n
th
e
m
u
lt
iv
ar
iab
le
s
ca
t
ter
p
lo
t,
w
h
er
ea
s
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
v
al
u
es
w
er
e
m
ap
p
ed
o
n
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ef
f
ec
t
s
s
u
ch
a
s
th
e
co
o
r
d
in
ates.
Sin
ce
t
h
e
tax
o
n
o
m
y
d
ef
i
n
ed
b
y
Valiat
i
et
a
l
.
d
ef
in
e
s
m
an
y
p
o
s
s
ib
le
tas
k
s
f
o
r
ea
ch
ca
teg
o
r
y
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
u
s
e
ca
s
e
i
n
v
o
lv
es
o
n
l
y
a
s
m
all
p
ar
t
o
f
t
h
e
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
p
o
s
s
ib
le
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
tas
k
s
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
an
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
ac
h
iev
e
m
e
n
t
i
s
th
at
all
th
e
q
u
est
io
n
s
in
v
o
l
v
e
task
s
f
r
o
m
al
m
o
s
t
all
t
h
e
a
v
ailab
le
ca
teg
o
r
ies.
T
h
e
“
C
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
e”
ca
teg
o
r
y
w
a
s
th
e
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
ex
cl
u
d
ed
,
m
ai
n
l
y
f
o
r
t
w
o
r
ea
s
o
n
s
:
f
ir
s
t
o
f
a
ll,
th
e
m
u
lti
v
ar
iab
le
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
w
id
e
s
e
t
o
f
av
ailab
le
cu
s
to
m
izat
io
n
s
,
n
o
t
co
m
p
ar
ab
le
w
ith
t
h
e
Sca
tter
Dice
.
Seco
n
d
l
y
,
to
p
r
o
p
er
ly
ev
a
lu
ate
t
h
e
u
s
ab
i
lit
y
o
f
t
h
e
“
C
o
n
f
ig
u
r
e”
tas
k
s
,
it
w
o
u
ld
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
n
ec
e
s
s
ar
y
to
ex
ten
s
iv
el
y
u
s
e
b
o
th
to
o
ls
f
o
r
a
lo
n
g
ti
m
e
t
o
ac
q
u
ir
e
a
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
co
m
p
eten
ce
,
th
u
s
it
h
a
s
b
ee
n
a
v
o
id
ed
an
d
m
a
y
b
e
in
v
e
s
ti
g
ated
in
f
u
tu
r
e
w
o
r
k
s
.
Fo
r
ea
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
,
th
e
u
s
er
h
ad
to
an
s
w
er
u
s
in
g
f
ir
s
tl
y
th
e
m
u
lt
iv
ar
iab
le
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t
an
d
th
en
th
e
m
o
d
i
f
ied
Scatter
Dice
.
So
m
e
s
etti
n
g
s
s
u
c
h
as
t
h
e
f
ilter
p
an
el
w
er
e
d
is
ab
led
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
m
o
r
e
r
ea
lis
ti
c
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
.
T
h
e
t
w
o
to
o
ls
w
e
r
e
au
to
m
atica
ll
y
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ed
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
co
m
p
ar
ab
le
v
ie
w
a
n
d
th
e
d
ataset
w
a
s
p
r
e
-
f
ilter
ed
to
av
o
id
o
v
er
p
lo
ttin
g
i
n
t
h
e
Scatter
Dice
,
s
i
n
ce
a
zo
o
m
f
u
n
ctio
n
is
n
o
t a
v
ailab
le
f
o
r
th
is
to
o
l.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
q
u
es
tio
n
is
h
er
eb
y
d
escr
ib
ed
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
an
e
x
a
m
p
le
o
f
th
e
an
al
y
s
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
t
h
e
u
s
er
w
it
h
th
e
t
w
o
to
o
ls
.
S
in
ce
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
r
eq
u
ir
es
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
r
esear
ch
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
s
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
t
r
ef
i
n
e
m
e
n
t
s
,
it
h
a
s
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
as a
s
eq
u
en
ce
o
f
ac
tio
n
s
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
to
f
i
n
d
th
e
an
s
w
er
:
1.
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
J
ap
an
ese
u
n
iv
er
s
iti
es
w
it
h
m
ax
i
m
u
m
Ag
e
v
al
u
e,
s
elec
t
t
h
o
s
e
w
it
h
Ov
er
all
Sco
r
e
lo
w
er
t
h
a
n
70;
2.
th
en
,
e
x
cl
u
d
e
th
e
o
n
e
w
it
h
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t I
n
ter
n
atio
n
al
Stu
d
e
n
t
Sco
r
e;
3.
th
en
,
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
t
w
o
w
it
h
th
e
lo
w
e
s
t
C
ita
tio
n
Sco
r
e,
s
elec
t
th
e
o
n
e
w
ith
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
A
ca
d
e
m
ic
R
ep
u
tatio
n
Sco
r
e.
W
ith
t
h
e
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t
m
a
tr
ix
,
t
h
e
u
s
er
s
h
ad
to
s
elec
t
th
e
m
o
s
t
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
v
ie
w
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
r
ef
in
e
m
e
n
t
,
s
elec
ti
n
g
th
e
r
elev
an
t
u
n
i
v
er
s
itie
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
b
o
u
n
d
i
n
g
v
o
lu
m
e
s
to
o
l;
th
en
,
th
e
y
h
ad
to
an
s
w
er
to
th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
r
eq
u
e
s
ts
,
s
elec
tin
g
t
h
e
n
e
x
t
v
ie
w
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
r
ef
in
e
m
e
n
t,
til
l
t
h
e
y
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
e
an
s
w
er
.
T
h
e
u
s
er
s
al
w
a
y
s
h
ad
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
r
ef
i
n
e
m
e
n
t
b
asi
n
g
t
h
eir
an
al
y
s
is
o
n
th
e
co
o
r
d
in
at
e‟
s
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
in
ts
o
f
in
ter
est.
T
h
is
w
as
n
o
t
al
w
a
y
s
ea
s
y
,
s
in
ce
ea
ch
ti
m
e
th
e
u
s
er
h
ad
to
c
h
an
g
e
v
ie
w
,
th
e
y
h
ad
to
r
e
m
ap
th
e
attr
ib
u
te
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
at
least o
n
e
ax
is
,
o
r
ev
en
b
o
th
.
W
ith
th
e
m
u
lti
v
ar
iab
le
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t,
th
e
u
s
er
s
h
ad
to
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
th
e
g
r
ap
h
ical
ef
f
ec
t c
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
attr
ib
u
te,
t
h
u
s
h
i
g
h
li
g
h
t
i
n
g
r
elev
a
n
t
p
o
in
ts
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
to
o
l,
th
e
n
m
o
v
e
o
n
to
n
ex
t
attr
ib
u
te,
o
n
e
b
y
o
n
e.
Dep
e
n
d
in
g
o
n
t
h
e
p
o
in
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
a
n
d
o
n
th
e
g
r
ap
h
ical
e
f
f
ec
t,
s
o
m
e
u
s
er
s
wer
e
ab
le
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
th
e
f
ir
s
t selec
t
io
n
ta
k
in
g
i
n
to
ac
co
u
n
t t
w
o
attr
ib
u
tes at
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e
.
4
.
3
.
Usa
bil
it
y
e
v
a
lua
t
io
n
A
t
th
e
e
n
d
o
f
th
e
test
,
u
s
er
s
h
ad
to
co
m
p
i
le
a
u
s
ab
ilit
y
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
q
u
alitati
v
e
ev
alu
a
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
t
w
o
to
o
ls
.
Fo
r
th
e
q
u
alitati
v
e
s
tu
d
y
w
e
r
ec
r
u
ited
elev
en
p
ar
ticip
an
t
s
(
9
m
ale,
2
f
e
m
ale
)
b
et
w
ee
n
2
2
an
d
3
4
y
ea
r
s
o
ld
.
T
h
ey
ar
e
all
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
w
i
t
h
a
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
in
co
m
p
u
ter
s
cie
n
c
e
o
r
en
g
in
ee
r
,
th
u
s
w
it
h
p
r
ev
io
u
s
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
o
n
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
v
i
s
u
al
izatio
n
o
r
m
o
r
e
g
en
er
all
y
ac
c
u
s
t
o
m
ed
to
g
r
ap
h
ica
l
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
d
atase
ts
.
I
n
a
p
ilo
t
s
tu
d
y
w
i
th
t
w
o
ad
d
i
tio
n
al
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
,
w
e
e
n
s
u
r
e
d
th
at
th
e
o
v
er
all
p
r
o
ce
s
s
r
u
n
s
s
m
o
o
th
l
y
an
d
th
at
th
e
tas
k
s
ar
e
ea
s
y
to
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
.
B
ef
o
r
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
th
e
test
,
w
e
c
h
ec
k
ed
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
f
o
r
co
lo
r
b
lin
d
n
es
s
;
i
n
o
n
e
ca
s
e
w
e
n
ee
d
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to
v
er
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y
th
a
t
th
e
p
alette
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
co
lo
r
ef
f
ec
t
w
a
s
r
eliab
le
to
co
r
r
ec
tly
p
er
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
tes
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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8
8
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9
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6
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1436
1434
T
h
en
,
th
e
m
u
l
tiv
ar
iab
le
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t,
th
e
Scatter
Dice
a
n
d
th
e
s
tu
d
y
d
atase
t h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
to
th
e
test
er
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
task
h
a
d
d
if
f
er
en
t
le
v
el
s
o
f
co
m
p
le
x
i
t
y
:
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
q
u
esti
o
n
w
as
ea
s
i
er
,
w
it
h
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
m
a
k
i
n
g
t
h
e
u
s
er
co
m
f
o
r
t
ab
le
w
it
h
th
e
v
is
u
aliza
t
io
n
t
o
o
ls
;
th
e
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
y
o
f
th
e
s
e
co
n
d
q
u
esti
o
n
w
a
s
av
er
ag
e,
w
h
er
ea
s
t
h
e
t
h
ir
d
o
n
e
w
a
s
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
d
if
f
ic
u
lt.
M
o
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
v
is
u
a
l
ef
f
ec
t
s
d
is
p
la
y
ed
in
cr
ea
s
es
in
ea
c
h
ta
s
k
,
w
i
th
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
o
n
e
b
a
s
ed
o
n
6
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
,
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
o
n
e
o
n
7
a
n
d
th
e
last
o
n
e
o
n
8
.
P
ar
ticip
an
t
w
er
e
i
n
s
tr
u
cted
to
u
s
e
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
q
u
e
s
tio
n
to
f
a
m
iliar
ize
t
h
e
m
s
el
v
es
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
a
n
d
to
as
k
q
u
esti
o
n
s
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
t
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
an
d
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
.
Ov
er
all,
th
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ct
io
n
an
d
w
ar
m
-
u
p
p
h
ase
to
o
k
ab
o
u
t
1
0
m
i
n
u
te
s
p
er
s
u
b
j
ec
t.
W
e
a
d
v
is
ed
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
to
„
t
h
i
n
k
alo
u
d
‟
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
s
tu
d
y
,
t
o
m
a
k
e
it
s
i
m
p
le
to
id
en
ti
f
y
p
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5.
CO
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O
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I
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t
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m
u
l
tiv
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s
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a
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p
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m
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v
i
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a
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T
h
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esen
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co
m
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ltip
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ws‟
p
ar
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m
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h
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ch
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test
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m
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o
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d
if
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v
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aliza
tio
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task
s
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tr
y
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k
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p
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a
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.
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m
y
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in
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a
q
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litati
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t
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p
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p
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ted
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co
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f
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r
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s
.
RE
F
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R
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NC
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S
[1
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f
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]
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o
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.,
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ra
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p
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ra
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p
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.
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in
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,
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,
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'
9
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