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p
itax
ial
la
y
er
s
t
r
u
ctu
r
es o
f
s
a
m
p
le
XM
B
E
1
3
1
an
d
(
b
)
s
ch
e
m
atic
o
f
in
-
h
o
u
s
e
f
ab
r
icate
d
p
HE
MT
s
am
p
le
(
T
h
ick
n
e
s
s
n
o
t to
s
ca
le)
3.
P
H
E
M
T
M
O
DE
L
L
I
N
G
T
h
e
e
m
p
ir
ical
m
o
d
elli
n
g
f
o
r
th
e
p
HE
MT
d
ev
ice
is
ac
h
ie
v
e
d
w
it
h
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
o
f
lin
ea
r
m
o
d
el
(
s
m
all
s
ig
n
al
m
o
d
el)
an
d
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
m
o
d
el
(
lar
g
e
s
i
g
n
a
l
m
o
d
e
l)
.
3
.
1
.
L
inea
r
M
o
del
Dev
elo
p
m
ent
T
h
e
lin
ea
r
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
HE
M
T
s
r
elate
s
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
S
-
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
w
it
h
t
h
e
elec
tr
ical
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
o
cc
u
r
r
in
g
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
d
e
v
ice.
F
ig
u
r
e
2
(
a)
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
HE
MT
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
w
i
th
i
ts
eq
u
i
v
ale
n
t
s
m
all
s
ig
n
al
m
o
d
el
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
(
b
)
.
T
h
e
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
in
F
ig
u
r
e
2
is
ass
u
m
ed
f
o
r
b
u
ild
in
g
an
eq
u
iv
ale
n
t
cir
cu
i
t
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
d
ev
ice,
alo
n
g
w
i
th
p
h
y
s
ical
co
r
r
elatio
n
to
t
h
e
d
ev
ice;
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
n
e
x
ce
lle
n
t
m
atc
h
o
v
er
a
w
id
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
an
g
e.
T
h
e
lin
ea
r
m
o
d
el
o
f
a
HE
MT
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
p
as
s
iv
e
d
ev
ice
s
w
h
ich
ca
n
b
e
ca
te
g
o
r
ized
in
to
i
n
t
r
in
s
ic
an
d
ex
tr
in
s
ic
ele
m
e
n
t
s
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
p
r
o
v
id
e
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
s
to
t
h
e
I
C
d
esig
n
er
to
ac
c
u
r
atel
y
m
ea
s
u
r
e
S
-
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
s
o
f
th
e
d
ev
ice.
T
h
e
lin
ea
r
m
o
d
el
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
e
p
ap
er
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
an
d
f
o
llo
w
ed
tech
n
iq
u
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
y
Da
m
b
r
i
n
e
et
a
l
.
[
1
1
]
.
Usi
n
g
Ag
ile
n
t
I
n
teg
r
ate
d
C
ir
cu
it
C
h
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
an
d
A
n
al
y
s
is
P
r
o
g
r
a
m
(
I
C
C
A
P
)
s
tan
d
ar
d
co
m
p
u
ter
-
a
id
ed
d
esig
n
(
C
A
D)
to
o
ls
,
th
e
in
tr
i
n
s
ic
a
n
d
ex
tr
in
s
ic
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
s
w
er
e
ex
tr
ac
ted
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
S
-
p
ar
a
m
et
er
d
ata.
T
h
e
in
tr
in
s
ic
m
o
d
el
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
w
er
e
o
b
tain
e
d
f
r
o
m
h
o
t
(
ac
tiv
e)
d
ev
ice
b
ias p
o
in
t,
w
h
ile
th
e
e
x
tr
in
s
ic
ele
m
e
n
ts
w
er
e
e
x
tr
ac
ted
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
ld
(
p
in
c
h
ed
)
d
ev
ice
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
f
i
n
al
ele
m
e
n
t
v
al
u
es
f
o
r
li
n
ea
r
m
o
d
els
w
er
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
o
f
th
e
in
itial
v
a
lu
e
to
ac
c
u
r
atel
y
f
it
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
d
ata.
T
h
e
ex
tr
in
s
ic
p
ar
asit
ic
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
ts
ar
e
tak
e
n
at
ze
r
o
d
r
ai
n
b
ias,
V
DS
=0
V
an
d
g
ate
v
o
lt
ag
e
b
elo
w
th
e
d
ev
ice
p
in
c
h
-
o
f
f
s
ta
te,
i.
e.
V
GS
<
V
p
.
T
h
e
g
en
er
ated
in
itia
l
li
n
ea
r
m
o
d
el
i
s
o
p
ti
m
ized
b
y
f
it
tin
g
t
h
e
m
o
d
elled
a
n
d
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
S
-
p
ar
a
m
eter
d
ata
w
h
ich
w
ill
co
n
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
m
o
d
elli
n
g
er
r
o
r
.
T
h
e
cir
cu
it
s
etu
p
f
o
r
XM
B
E
1
3
1
p
HE
M
T
ex
tr
in
s
ic
ele
m
en
t
e
x
tr
ac
tio
n
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
t
w
o
-
p
o
r
t
n
et
w
o
r
k
cir
c
u
it
s
etu
p
w
as
ter
m
in
ated
w
it
h
5
0
Ω
r
esis
tan
ce
at
b
o
th
in
p
u
t
a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
r
t.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
d
at
aset
f
iles
f
r
o
m
I
C
C
A
P
is
s
a
v
ed
i
n
t
h
e
S2
P
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
.
T
h
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
an
g
e
is
s
et
f
r
o
m
4
0
MH
z
to
2
0
GHz
f
o
r
t
h
e
S
-
p
ar
am
eter
s
i
m
u
latio
n
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
7
:
3
0
0
2
–
3
0
0
9
3004
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
HE
MT
s
m
all
s
ig
n
al
eq
u
iv
ale
n
t c
ir
c
u
it
m
o
d
el
[
1
0
-
11]
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
ir
cu
it Se
tu
p
f
o
r
e
x
t
r
in
s
ic
ele
m
e
n
t e
x
tr
ac
tio
n
(
p
in
c
h
ed
)
in
A
DS
f
o
r
XM
B
E
1
3
1
3
.
2
.
No
nli
nea
r
M
o
del
Set
up
T
h
e
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
m
o
d
el
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
o
p
ti
m
izi
n
g
th
e
m
o
d
elli
n
g
f
o
r
th
e
DC
a
n
d
R
F
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ics
o
f
t
h
e
d
ev
ice
.
T
h
e
p
ar
asit
ic
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
w
er
e
e
x
tr
ac
ted
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
S
-
p
ar
a
m
eter
d
ata
s
et
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
en
t
d
c
cu
r
r
en
t.
T
o
d
ev
elo
p
th
e
DC
m
o
d
el,
f
ir
s
tl
y
th
e
R
s
,
R
d
a
n
d
R
g
r
esi
s
tan
ce
s
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
li
n
ea
r
m
o
d
el
ar
e
s
u
b
s
t
itu
ted
i
n
to
th
e
A
DS
E
E
-
HE
MT
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
E
E
-
HE
MT
is
an
e
m
p
ir
ical
an
al
y
tic
m
o
d
el
b
ased
o
n
f
itti
n
g
o
f
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
elec
tr
ical
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
HE
MT
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
ca
p
ac
ita
n
ce
s
,
t
h
e
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
ele
m
e
n
t
o
f
c
u
r
r
en
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
at
t
h
e
d
r
ain
-
s
o
u
r
ce
,
g
ate
-
s
o
u
r
ce
,
an
d
g
ate
-
d
r
ain
ar
e
d
ep
en
d
an
t
o
n
t
h
e
in
s
ta
n
ta
n
eo
u
s
b
ias
co
n
d
itio
n
s
(
V
GS
an
d
V
DS
)
.
As
th
e
b
ia
s
ch
an
g
es,
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
a
l
d
ev
iat
es
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
tatic
o
p
er
atin
g
p
o
in
t
w
h
ic
h
i
n
t
u
r
n
ch
an
g
es
th
e
d
e
v
ice
’
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tics
.
A
r
elatio
n
o
f
c
u
r
r
en
t
-
v
o
ltag
e
f
o
r
th
e
b
ias co
n
d
itio
n
s
is
t
h
e
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
th
at
a
p
p
r
o
x
i
m
ates t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
d
ata.
T
h
e
E
E
-
HE
MT
m
o
d
el
e
q
u
atio
n
s
w
er
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
co
n
cu
r
r
en
t
l
y
w
i
th
p
ar
a
m
eter
e
x
tr
ac
tio
n
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
es
to
en
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
w
as
ex
tr
ac
tab
le
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
m
e
asu
r
ed
d
ata.
T
h
e
d
r
ain
-
s
o
u
r
ce
p
ar
am
eter
s
a
n
d
g
m
co
m
p
r
es
s
io
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
ar
e
th
en
e
x
tr
ac
ted
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
g
m
v
er
s
u
s
V
GS
.
Th
ese
p
ar
am
eter
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
Op
timiz
a
tio
n
o
f E
mp
ir
ica
l Mo
d
ellin
g
o
f A
d
v
a
n
ce
d
Hig
h
ly
S
t
r
a
in
ed
….
(
W
.
M.
Ju
b
a
d
i)
3005
in
itial
p
o
i
n
t
f
o
r
t
h
e
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
d
ev
ice
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
p
ar
am
ete
r
s
ar
e
th
en
t
u
n
ed
f
o
r
o
p
ti
m
u
m
f
it
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
an
d
m
o
d
elled
DC
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
4
.
1
.
L
inea
r
M
o
del
T
ab
le
1
tab
u
lated
th
e
ex
tr
in
s
i
c
ele
m
e
n
ts
o
f
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
le
d
ev
ice
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
b
ias
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t.
T
h
ese
ele
m
e
n
ts
ar
e
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
ita
n
ce
,
r
esis
ta
n
ce
a
n
d
in
d
u
cta
n
ce
at
t
h
e
elec
tr
o
d
es
w
h
ic
h
r
es
u
lt
s
f
r
o
m
m
etalliza
t
io
n
o
f
th
e
co
n
tact
w
it
h
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e,
r
esis
ta
n
ce
d
u
e
to
o
h
m
ic
co
n
tac
t
an
d
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
d
ep
letio
n
ch
ar
g
e
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t
to
th
e
g
ate
-
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
g
ate
-
d
r
ain
v
o
ltag
es.
T
h
e
g
ate
in
d
u
cta
n
ce
,
L
g
i
s
u
s
u
all
y
lar
g
e
f
o
r
s
h
o
r
t
g
ate
len
g
t
h
d
ev
ice
s
.
T
h
e
g
ate
r
esi
s
ta
n
ce
i
s
a
p
ar
asi
tic
ele
m
en
t
t
h
at
a
f
f
ec
ts
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
a
v
ailab
le
g
ai
n
o
f
a
FE
T
,
an
d
is
i
n
v
er
s
e
l
y
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
th
e
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
ti
o
n
al
ar
ea
o
f
th
e
m
etal
alo
n
g
t
h
e
g
ate
f
i
n
g
er
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
i
n
T
ab
le
1
th
at
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
ita
n
ce
v
al
u
es
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
a
s
t
h
e
to
tal
d
ev
i
ce
w
id
th
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
.
Si
n
ce
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
v
alu
e
is
p
r
o
p
o
r
ti
o
n
al
to
th
e
co
n
tact
ar
ea
,
th
e
ca
p
ac
ita
n
ce
v
alu
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
as
th
e
co
n
tac
t
p
ad
ar
ea
s
b
ec
o
m
e
lar
g
er
.
T
h
e
ter
m
i
n
al
r
esi
s
tan
ce
s
ar
e
also
r
ed
u
ce
d
as
t
h
e
d
e
v
ic
e
s
ize
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
.
Fo
r
b
ig
g
er
g
ate
w
id
t
h
,
th
e
to
ta
l g
ate
ar
ea
also
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
; c
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
t
h
e
ter
m
i
n
a
l r
esi
s
ta
n
c
es
ar
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
.
T
ab
le
1
.
E
x
tr
in
s
ic
ele
m
en
t
s
f
o
r
XM
B
E
1
3
1
p
HE
M
T
s
am
p
le
d
ev
ice
(
V
DS
=1
V,
I
D
SS
=
2
0
%)
D
e
v
i
c
e
si
z
e
(
m)
C
pg
(fF)
C
pd
(fF)
R
S
(
Ω)
R
g
(
Ω)
R
d
(
Ω)
L
S
(
p
H
)
L
g
(
p
H
)
L
d
(
p
H
)
2
x
5
0
7
.
7
3
6
.
6
2
0
.
6
9
0
.
8
3
0
.
3
2
1
8
.
7
0
2
7
.
2
0
2
3
.
8
4
2
x
2
0
0
6
9
.
0
4
2
4
.
5
8
1
.
8
1
0
.
8
9
1
.
4
5
1
8
.
9
1
4
7
.
7
2
6
1
.
6
9
T
ab
le
2
.
I
n
tr
in
s
ic
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
f
o
r
XM
B
E
1
3
1
p
HE
M
T
s
a
m
p
le
d
ev
ice
(
V
DS
=1
V,
I
D
SS
=
2
0
%)
D
e
v
i
c
e
si
z
e
(
m)
g
m
(
mS
)
T
(
p
se
c
)
R
i
(
Ω)
R
ds
(
Ω)
C
gs
(
p
F
)
C
ds
(
p
F
)
C
gd
(
p
F
)
2
x
5
0
m
6
4
.
8
1
.
5
3
4
.
3
3
3
1
6
.
0
0
.
1
2
0
.
0
1
0
.
0
2
2
x
2
0
0
m
3
2
1
.
8
2
.
9
8
2
.
8
2
6
5
.
6
0
.
0
8
0
.
0
3
0
.
0
3
I
n
tr
in
s
ic
ele
m
e
n
t
s
ar
e
b
ias
d
e
p
en
d
an
t.
I
n
T
ab
le
2
,
th
e
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
v
al
u
es
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
as
th
e
t
o
tal
d
ev
ice
w
id
t
h
in
cr
ea
s
ed
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
v
al
u
e
is
p
r
o
p
o
r
ti
o
n
al
to
th
e
co
n
tact
ar
ea
.
Hen
ce
th
e
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
in
cr
ea
s
es
a
s
t
h
e
co
n
tact
p
ad
ar
ea
s
b
ec
o
m
e
lar
g
er
.
T
h
e
ter
m
in
al
r
esi
s
tan
ce
s
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
w
it
h
in
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
d
ev
ice
s
ize.
As
f
o
r
a
lar
g
er
g
ate
w
id
t
h
,
th
e
to
tal
g
ate
ar
ea
is
in
cr
ea
s
e
d
an
d
co
n
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
it
w
il
l
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
ter
m
i
n
al
r
esis
ta
n
ce
s
[
1
3
]
.
A
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
r
ed
u
ctio
n
i
n
t
h
e
r
e
s
is
ta
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
d
r
ain
an
d
s
o
u
r
ce
,
R
ds
v
alu
e
s
i
s
o
b
s
er
v
ed
w
it
h
t
h
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
o
f
d
ev
ice
w
id
t
h
.
T
h
er
e
is
a
d
ir
ec
t
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
d
e
v
ice
w
id
th
in
cr
ea
s
es
w
i
th
t
h
e
to
tal
ar
ea
in
cr
ea
s
ed
w
h
ic
h
co
n
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
r
ed
u
ce
d
t
h
e
ch
a
n
n
e
l
r
esis
tan
ce
.
4
.
2
.
No
nli
nea
r
M
o
del
T
h
e
p
ar
asit
ic
v
alu
e
s
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
in
t
h
e
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
m
o
d
el
lin
g
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
th
e
T
ab
le
2
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
(
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
)
an
d
m
o
d
elled
DC
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
f
itted
to
ea
ch
o
th
er
.
T
h
e
I
-
V
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
(
a)
s
h
o
w
s
e
x
ce
lle
n
t
a
g
r
ee
m
e
n
t
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
t
w
o
s
ets
o
f
d
ata,
e
x
c
ep
t
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
k
i
n
k
ar
ea
.
T
h
e
k
in
k
e
f
f
ec
t
i
s
as
ex
p
ec
ted
f
o
r
a
s
h
o
r
t
ch
a
n
n
el
d
e
v
ice
a
s
a
r
es
u
lt
o
f
i
m
p
ac
t
io
n
izatio
n
[
14
]
.
T
h
ese
s
h
o
w
e
x
tr
e
m
el
y
w
e
ll
-
b
e
h
av
ed
cu
r
v
e
s
w
i
th
a
s
h
ar
p
l
y
d
ef
in
ed
p
in
ch
-
o
f
f
,
a
s
m
all
o
u
tp
u
t
co
n
d
u
ctan
ce
a
n
d
a
v
er
y
s
m
al
l
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
k
in
k
e
f
f
ec
t
(
in
d
icatin
g
l
ittl
e
ca
r
r
ier
lo
s
s
u
n
d
er
lo
w
g
ate
-
b
ias).
Ne
v
er
t
h
eles
s
,
f
o
r
th
e
b
ia
s
co
n
d
itio
n
s
r
eq
u
ir
ed
,
th
e
lo
w
n
o
is
e
zo
n
e
in
th
is
w
o
r
k
(
V
DS
=
1
V)
is
s
af
el
y
o
u
ts
id
e
th
e
k
in
k
r
eg
io
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
b
)
d
ep
icts
th
e
th
r
es
h
o
ld
v
o
ltag
e
w
h
ic
h
s
h
o
w
s
e
x
ce
lle
n
t
f
itti
n
g
b
et
w
ee
n
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
an
d
th
e
D
C
e
m
p
ir
ical
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
cu
r
v
e
f
i
tti
n
g
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
a
n
d
m
o
d
elled
g
m
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
4
(
c)
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
a
v
er
y
g
o
o
d
ag
r
ee
m
e
n
t
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
t
w
o
d
ata
s
p
ec
if
icall
y
at
h
i
g
h
er
g
ate
v
o
ltag
e,
V
GS
.
No
n
eth
ele
s
s
,
th
er
e
is
a
m
ar
g
i
n
al
d
i
v
er
g
e
n
ce
at
lo
w
er
V
GS
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
li
m
itatio
n
s
in
th
e
D
C
m
o
d
el
[
15
]
w
h
er
e
k
in
k
a
n
o
m
alie
s
ar
e
u
s
u
all
y
o
b
s
er
v
ed
.
T
h
e
R
F
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
s
ex
tr
a
cted
f
r
o
m
th
e
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
m
o
d
e
l
s
i
m
u
latio
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
ar
am
e
ter
s
ar
e
tu
n
ed
an
d
o
p
ti
m
ized
to
g
iv
e
an
e
x
ce
llen
t
ag
r
ee
m
e
n
t
b
et
w
ee
n
m
o
d
elled
a
n
d
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
S
-
p
a
r
a
m
eter
cu
r
v
e.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
o
f
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
s
ar
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
as
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
r
ea
lis
tic
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
v
al
u
e
w
h
ic
h
w
ill
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
f
o
r
th
e
L
N
A
cir
c
u
it
d
esi
g
n
.
A
d
d
itio
n
al
l
y
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
is
v
a
lid
ated
v
ia
m
o
d
ellin
g
o
f
th
e
S
-
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
o
v
er
s
ev
er
al
b
ias
p
o
in
ts
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
d
r
ai
n
-
s
o
u
r
ce
c
u
r
r
en
ts
(
I
DS
)
f
o
r
ev
er
y
b
ias
p
o
in
t
ar
e
also
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
b
ec
au
s
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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6
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Dec
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b
er
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7
:
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ar
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g
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lar
g
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
m
o
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elled
a
n
d
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
I
DS
v
a
lu
es
s
till
e
x
i
s
t
s
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Me
asu
r
e
d
v
er
s
u
s
m
o
d
elled
XM
B
E
1
3
1
p
HE
M
T
,
(
a)
I
-
V
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ics (
f
o
r
V
GS
=0
.
1
V
to
-
0
.
8
V,
-
0
.
1
V
s
tep
s
)
,
(
b
)
T
h
r
esh
o
ld
v
o
ltag
e
(
f
o
r
V
DS
=1
V
to
2
V,
0
.
2
5
V
s
tep
s
)
an
d
(
c)
T
r
an
s
co
n
d
u
ct
an
ce
(
g
m
)
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
C
u
r
v
e
f
itt
in
g
f
o
r
2
x
5
0
m
XM
B
E
1
3
1
(
a
)
Fo
r
w
ar
d
a
n
d
R
ev
er
s
e
Gain
a
n
d
(
b
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n
p
u
t a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t
r
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lectio
n
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e
f
f
ic
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t
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
at
8
0
% o
f
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
g
m.
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I
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Op
timiz
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3007
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h
e
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t
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ce
n
ta
g
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o
f
m
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i
m
u
m
g
m
.
I
n
t
h
is
w
o
r
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th
e
e
x
tr
ac
ted
S
-
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ar
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eter
f
o
r
8
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m
a
n
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m
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ias p
o
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3
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ta
k
e
n
i
n
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n
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er
atio
n
.
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h
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
m
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elled
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d
m
ea
s
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r
ed
S
-
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ar
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eter
f
o
r
th
e
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
m
o
d
el
o
f
t
h
e
XM
B
E
1
3
1
d
ev
ice
is
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
r
an
g
e
o
f
4
0
MH
z
to
2
0
GHz
.
T
h
e
f
o
r
w
ar
d
g
a
in
(
S
21
)
,
r
ev
er
s
e
g
ai
n
(
S
12
)
,
in
p
u
t
r
ef
lectio
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
(
S
11
)
a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t
r
ef
lectio
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
(
S
22
)
is
o
b
tai
n
ed
a
s
ill
u
s
tr
ated
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
g
ain
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S2
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o
u
t
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B
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th
e
r
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n
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~
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GHz
.
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h
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g
ain
s
tar
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to
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ea
s
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ith
t
h
e
f
r
eq
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e
n
c
y
a
n
d
th
e
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p
u
t
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lectio
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t
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S1
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1
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T
h
e
m
o
d
elled
d
ata
f
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th
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ias
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s
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th
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t
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it
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g
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n
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F
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r
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ta
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an
o
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ac
tiv
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h
e
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tim
ized
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an
s
i
s
to
r
m
o
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el
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r
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n
Fi
g
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r
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is
n
o
w
co
m
p
lete
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an
d
r
ea
d
y
to
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e
im
p
le
m
e
n
ted
in
t
h
e
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I
C
L
N
A
cir
c
u
it d
esi
g
n
,
i.e
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,
in
C
-
b
an
d
an
d
X
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b
an
d
ap
p
li
ca
tio
n
.
Fig
u
r
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.
A
C
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p
lete
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an
s
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t
o
r
m
o
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el
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o
r
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0
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m
p
HE
MT
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am
p
le
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E
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3
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4
.
3
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No
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e
M
o
del
T
h
e
o
p
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p
HE
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d
ev
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m
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el
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tab
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h
t
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o
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d
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b
eh
a
v
io
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r
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n
clu
d
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th
e
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o
is
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f
ig
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r
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m
p
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ta
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f
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r
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o
f
m
er
it
(
FOM)
f
o
r
an
L
N
A
d
esi
g
n
.
T
h
e
No
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e
Fi
g
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r
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(
NF)
is
a
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
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th
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le
v
el
o
f
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e
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ated
f
r
o
m
a
n
ac
ti
v
e
d
e
v
ice
w
h
en
R
F
s
i
g
n
a
l
is
ap
p
lied
.
T
h
e
d
ev
ic
e’
s
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
n
o
i
s
e
f
i
g
u
r
e
(
NF
m
in
)
is
p
lo
tted
ag
ain
s
t
d
ev
ice
w
id
th
at
a
ce
r
tain
f
r
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e
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e
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ip
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e
o
f
d
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s
ca
lin
g
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Fo
r
o
p
ti
m
u
m
d
ev
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m
atc
h
i
n
g
,
NF
m
in
ca
n
b
e
v
ie
w
ed
a
s
t
h
e
m
in
i
m
u
m
No
is
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Fi
g
u
r
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(
N
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th
at
ca
n
b
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
f
r
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m
t
h
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d
e
v
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T
h
u
s
,
it
is
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m
p
o
r
t
an
t
to
h
a
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ti
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tch
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lts
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er
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is
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f
i
g
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r
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
NF
m
in
.
Fu
k
u
i’
s
[
16
]
NF
m
in
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
is
u
s
ed
to
f
in
d
t
h
e
NF
m
in
p
ar
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m
eter
f
o
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th
e
f
ab
r
icate
d
d
ev
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an
d
i
s
d
er
iv
ed
as
in
E
q
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an
d
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(
2
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w
it
h
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k
1
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3
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5
[
1
7
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g
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R
R
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10
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w
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er
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f
T
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n
it
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r
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gd
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T
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r
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T
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r
v
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q
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f
ap
p
licatio
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.
T
h
is
in
cl
u
d
es
ca
l
cu
latio
n
o
f
NF
m
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at
2
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d
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b
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ased
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f
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[
6
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T
ab
le
3
.
No
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p
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f
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m
an
ce
f
o
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f
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r
icate
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p
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t V
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D
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3
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6
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6
3
5
T
h
e
g
m
,
R
s
an
d
R
g
v
al
u
es
ar
e
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
o
p
ti
m
ized
l
in
ea
r
m
o
d
el.
I
n
g
en
er
al,
a
lar
g
er
d
ev
ic
e
w
il
l
ex
h
ib
it
h
i
g
h
er
n
o
is
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
T
h
is
is
an
ticip
ated
d
u
e
to
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
g
m
,
R
s
an
d
R
g
in
E
q
u
atio
n
(
2
)
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
ex
tr
in
s
ic
a
n
d
i
n
tr
i
n
s
ic
p
ar
a
m
eter
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
i
n
ea
r
lier
s
ec
tio
n
,
th
e
d
ev
ice’
s
tr
an
s
co
n
d
u
ctan
ce
i
n
c
r
ea
s
es
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
w
it
h
t
h
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
in
th
e
d
e
v
ice
w
id
t
h
.
On
t
h
e
o
t
h
er
h
a
n
d
,
as t
h
e
d
e
v
ice’
s
to
tal
w
id
t
h
i
n
c
r
ea
s
ed
,
th
e
to
tal
o
f
R
s
a
n
d
R
g
i
s
r
ed
u
ce
d
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
t
h
e
i
n
cr
e
ases
i
n
g
m
o
u
t
w
eig
h
th
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
b
o
th
p
ar
asit
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s
o
f
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s
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d
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g
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h
u
s
,
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m
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f
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w
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th
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tr
e
n
d
o
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th
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s
q
u
ar
e
r
o
o
t
o
f
g
m
,
wh
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e
lar
g
er
v
al
u
es a
r
e
o
b
tain
ed
f
o
r
lar
g
er
d
ev
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.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
em
p
ir
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m
o
d
el
s
f
o
r
an
ad
v
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ce
d
h
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l
y
s
tr
ain
ed
I
n
0.
7
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0.
3
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s
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n
0.
52
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0.
48
A
s
p
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MT
s
w
it
h
0
.
2
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µm
g
ate
le
n
g
th
is
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
in
A
D
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s
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n
g
t
h
e
E
E
HE
M
T
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
lin
ea
r
a
n
d
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
o
f
th
e
s
m
all
s
i
g
n
al
an
d
lar
g
e
s
i
g
n
al
p
HE
MT
eq
u
i
v
alen
t
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
t
h
e
XM
B
E
1
3
1
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
a
n
d
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
t
h
e
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
r
esu
lt
s
f
r
o
m
I
C
C
A
P
.
T
h
e
DC
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
an
d
S
-
p
ar
a
m
eter
ac
q
u
ir
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
o
d
el
s
ar
e
clo
s
el
y
m
atc
h
ed
with
t
h
e
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
e
s
u
l
ts
.
B
ased
o
n
t
h
e
m
o
d
el,
t
h
e
n
o
is
e
f
ig
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
d
ev
ice
is
ca
lc
u
lated
at
C
-
b
an
d
a
n
d
X
-
b
a
n
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cie
s
to
p
r
ed
ict
th
e
m
in
i
m
u
m
n
o
is
e
f
i
g
u
r
e
it
m
ig
h
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
t
e
w
h
e
n
in
teg
r
ated
i
n
to
an
L
N
A
cir
c
u
it.
T
h
e
o
p
ti
m
ized
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
p
HE
MT
m
o
d
el
o
b
tain
ed
f
o
r
XM
B
E
1
3
1
p
HE
MT
s
am
p
le
w
ill b
e
u
s
ed
as a
n
ac
ti
v
e
d
ev
ice
i
n
th
e
MM
I
C
L
N
A
cir
cu
it d
esi
g
n
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
w
o
u
ld
lik
e
to
th
an
k
s
T
h
e
Un
i
v
er
s
it
y
o
f
Ma
n
ch
es
ter
,
Un
ited
Kin
g
d
o
m
f
o
r
th
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
d
ata
o
f
XM
B
E
1
3
1
p
HE
M
T
.
W
e
also
g
r
atef
u
l
f
o
r
th
e
f
i
n
an
cia
l
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
U
n
i
v
er
s
it
y
T
u
n
Hu
s
s
ei
n
On
n
Ma
la
y
s
ia.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
2
0
1
5
I
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
R
o
a
d
m
a
p
f
o
r
S
e
m
ico
n
d
u
c
to
rs (IT
RS
)
2
.
0
Ex
e
c
u
ti
v
e
Re
p
o
rt
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
]
J.
G
.
Ra
th
m
e
ll
a
n
d
A
.
E.
P
a
rk
e
r,
“
Circ
u
it
Imp
lem
e
n
t
a
ti
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ti
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M
o
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f
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r
a
p
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n
tre
s
in
Ga
As
a
n
d
Ga
N
De
v
ice
s,”
P
r
o
c
.
S
P
IE
6
7
9
8
,
M
icro
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lec
tro
n
ics
:
De
sig
n
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T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
a
n
d
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a
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in
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III,
6
7
9
8
0
R,
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c
2
1
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2
0
0
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.
[3
]
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g
g
a
,
S
u
m
it
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
F
re
q
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e
n
c
y
-
Se
le
c
ti
v
e
Bro
a
d
b
a
n
d
L
o
w
-
No
ise
Am
p
li
f
ier
w
it
h
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le
-
L
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p
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ra
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sf
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d
b
a
c
k
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E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
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n
s
o
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Circ
u
it
s
a
n
d
S
y
ste
ms
-
I:
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u
la
r
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p
e
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,
v
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l.
6
1
,
Iss
u
e
6
,
p
p
.
1
8
8
3
-
1
8
9
1
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
4
.
[4
]
D.
S
treit,
R.
L
a
i,
A
.
Ok
i,
a
n
d
A
.
G
u
ti
e
rre
z
-
A
it
k
e
n
,
“
In
P
HEM
T
a
n
d
HBT
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
b
e
y
o
n
d
2
0
0
GH
z,”
Co
n
f
.
P
r
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
s.
1
4
th
In
d
i
u
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P
h
o
sp
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d
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d
Re
late
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M
a
teria
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Co
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f
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n
c
e
(Ca
t.
No
.
0
2
CH3
7
3
0
7
)
,
2
0
0
2
.
[5
]
T
.
W
a
ta
n
a
b
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e
t.
a
l,
“
T
e
ra
h
e
rtz I
m
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g
in
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In
P
Hig
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-
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-
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ra
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sisto
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ter
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l
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1
,
p
.
8
0
2
3
0
P
–
8
0
2
3
0
P
–
6
.
[6
]
I.
D.
Ro
b
e
rtso
n
,
S
.
L
u
c
y
sz
y
n
,
RF
IC
a
n
d
M
M
IC
De
sig
n
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
.
IET
,
2
0
0
1
,
p
.
5
6
2
.
[7
]
D.
Do
n
o
v
a
l,
A
.
V
r
b
ick
y
,
A
.
Ch
v
a
la,
a
n
d
P
.
Be
n
o
,
“
T
ra
n
sisto
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L
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l
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o
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li
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g
f
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r
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n
a
lo
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/RF
IC
De
sig
n
”
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n
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rd
re
c
h
t:
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p
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r Ne
th
e
rla
n
d
s,
2
0
0
6
,
p
p
.
1
–
27.
[8
]
B.
G
.
V
a
sa
ll
o
,
J.
M
a
teo
s,
D.
P
a
rd
o
,
a
n
d
T
.
G
o
n
le
,
”
In
f
lu
e
n
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e
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th
e
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in
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ff
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D
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m
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c
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In
A
lA
s/In
Ga
A
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h
ig
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lec
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m
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tran
sisto
rs,”
in
S
e
mic
o
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d
u
c
to
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ien
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e
a
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T
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c
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y
,
v
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l
.
2
0
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
9
5
6
–
9
6
0
,
S
e
p
.
2
0
0
5
.
[9
]
K.W
.
Ia
n
a
n
d
M
.
M
isso
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s,”
T
h
e
rm
a
ll
y
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In
0
.
7
G
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0
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3
As
/In
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5
2
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4
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A
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sin
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m
g
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tall
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3
5
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9
,
M
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r
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2
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1
4
.
[1
0
]
S
.
A
rsh
a
d
,
“
L
o
w
No
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Am
p
li
f
ie
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f
o
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th
e
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q
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a
re
Kil
o
m
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tre
A
rra
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R
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io
T
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les
c
o
p
e
,
”
P
h
D
.
T
h
e
sis,
T
h
e
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
M
a
n
c
h
e
ste
r,
2
0
0
9
.
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[1
1
]
G
.
Da
m
b
rin
e
,
A
.
Ca
p
p
y
,
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.
He
li
o
d
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.
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lay
e
,
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A
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term
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[1
2
]
A
.
Bo
u
lo
u
k
o
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t
a
l
.,
“
V
e
ry
L
o
w
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l
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ro
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a
ter
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1
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p
p
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3
9
0
–
3
9
3
,
2
0
0
8
.
[1
3
]
A
.
Bo
u
lo
u
k
o
u
,
A
.
S
o
b
ih
,
D.
Ke
tt
le,
J.
S
ly
,
a
n
d
M
.
M
isso
u
s,
“
N
o
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ig
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my
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m
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d
A
p
p
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ti
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s,
2
0
0
6
.
[1
4
]
D.
Ho
a
re
a
n
d
R
.
a
.
A
b
ra
m
,
”
M
o
n
te
Ca
rlo
sim
u
latio
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o
f
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HE
M
T
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p
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ra
ti
n
g
Up
to
T
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ra
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rtz
F
re
q
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c
ies
,”
i
n
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
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o
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rn
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E
lec
tro
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c
s,
v
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l.
8
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o
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,
p
p
.
4
2
9
–
4
4
0
,
O
c
t.
1
9
9
7
.
[1
5
]
I.
A
n
g
e
lo
v
,
H.
Zi
ra
th
,
a
n
d
N.
Ro
sm
a
n
,
“
A
N
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w
E
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p
iri
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N
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E
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D
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,
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in
IEE
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ra
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M
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e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s,
v
o
l.
4
0
,
1
9
9
2
.
[1
6
]
H.
F
u
k
u
i,
“
De
term
in
a
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
Ba
sic
De
v
ice
P
a
ra
m
e
t
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f
a
Ga
A
s
M
ES
F
E,
”
in
Bell
S
y
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m
T
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ica
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J
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l
,
v
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l.
v
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l.
5
8
,
p
p
.
7
7
1
–
7
9
7
,
1
9
7
9
.
[1
7
]
A
.
S
o
b
ih
,
“
M
M
IC
Br
o
a
d
b
a
n
d
L
o
w
No
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Am
p
li
f
iers
f
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e
S
q
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a
re
Kilo
m
e
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rra
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Ra
d
io
T
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l
e
sc
o
p
e
,
”
P
h
.
D
th
e
sis,
T
h
e
Un
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e
rsity
o
f
M
a
n
c
h
e
ste
r,
M
a
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2
0
0
7
.
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