Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of Ele
ctrical
an
d
Co
mput
er
En
gin
eeri
ng
(IJ
E
C
E)
Vo
l.
9
, No
.
5
,
Octo
ber
201
9
, pp.
3751
~
37
58
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijece
.
v
9
i
5
.
pp3751
-
37
58
3751
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core
.c
om/
journa
ls
/i
ndex.
ph
p/IJECE
An algor
ithm
for
IoT
ba
s
ed
ve
hi
cle verifi
cat
ion syst
em
usin
g
RF
ID
Alen
Jo
s
eph
S
amu
el
,
Shon
e
y
Se
ba
s
tia
n
Depa
rtment
o
f
C
om
pute
r
Scie
n
ce,
CHRIS
T
(De
e
m
ed
to
b
e
Unive
rsit
y
)
,
Ind
ia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Ja
n 5
, 201
9
Re
vised
A
pr 8
,
201
9
Accepte
d
Apr
20
, 201
9
The
ver
ific
at
i
on
of
veh
ic
le
docum
ents
is
an
im
po
rta
nt
r
ole
of
trans
port
de
pa
rtm
ent
wh
ic
h
is
rising
day
by
day
du
e
t
o
the
m
ass
reg
ist
rati
on
of
the
veh
ic
le
s.
A
n
autom
at
ed
veh
ic
le
ver
ific
at
ion
syst
em
can
im
pr
ove
th
e
eff
ic
ie
nc
y
of
this
proce
ss.
I
n
this
pa
per,
w
e
pro
pose
an
IO
T
ba
sed
ve
hicle
ve
rifi
cat
io
n
syst
em
us
i
ng
R
FID
t
echnolo
gy.
As
a
res
ult,
the
veh
ic
le
chec
kin
g
wh
ic
h
is
done
now
m
anu
a
ll
y
can
be
re
place
d
by
autom
at
ion
.
Th
ere
is
a
loss
of
a
sign
ific
a
nt
a
m
ou
nt
of
tim
e
wh
en
t
he
norm
al
veh
ic
le
chec
kin
g
is
do
ne
m
anu
al
ly
.
The
pro
po
se
d
syst
e
m
will
m
ake
this
proces
s
autom
at
ed.
T
he
pr
ese
nt
ver
ific
at
io
n
process
is
us
in
g
inducti
ve
lo
ops
that
ar
e
pl
aced
in
a
ro
a
dbed
f
or
de
te
ct
ing
ve
hicle
s
as
they
pass
thr
ough
the
loop
of
the
m
agn
et
ic
fiel
d.
Si
m
i
la
rly
,
the
sensing
de
vices
sp
rea
d
al
ong
the
ro
a
d
can
detect
pa
ssing
veh
ic
le
s
t
hr
ough
the
Bl
uetoo
th
m
echan
ism
.
The
fixe
d
au
di
o
detect
ion
de
vices
that
can
be
us
e
d
to
identi
fy
th
e
ty
pe
of
ve
hicle
s
on
the
ro
a
d.
Othe
r
m
easur
em
ents
are
fi
xe
d
cam
eras
instal
le
d
in
spe
ci
fic
points
of
r
oads
for
c
at
egorisi
ng
th
e
ve
hicle
s
.
But
al
l
these
m
echan
ism
s
cannot
ve
rify
the
docu
m
ents
an
d
certi
ficat
es
of
the
veh
ic
le
s.
In
our
work,
we
ha
ve
sugg
e
ste
d
a
n
al
gorithm
us
in
g
RF
ID
te
ch
nolo
gy
to
aut
om
at
e
the
docu
m
entat
ion
ver
ific
at
io
n
process
of
t
he
ve
hicle
s
li
ke
Po
ll
ution,
I
nsura
nc
e,
Rc
book
et
c
with
the
help
of
RFI
D
read
e
r
placed
at
ro
a
d
c
hec
king
are
as.
This
doc
um
ent
s
will
be
upda
te
d
by
the
m
oto
r
veh
ic
l
e
de
pa
rtm
ent
at
sp
eci
fic
per
i
ods.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Ardu
i
no
Id
e
ntific
at
ion
In
te
r
net
of Th
i
ng
s
RFID Ve
hicle
Sensors
Copyright
©
201
9
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Alen Jose
ph S
a
m
uel,
Dep
a
rtm
ent
of
Com
pu
te
r
Scie
nce,
CHRIST
(Dee
m
ed
to
be Un
i
ver
sit
y),
Ho
s
ur Roa
d, B
ang
al
or
e
, Kar
na
ta
ka,
560029,
India
.
Em
a
il
:
al
en.
sam
uel
@cs.ch
ris
tun
ive
rsity
.in
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
In
te
r
net
of
Th
ing
s
or
I
oT
is
a
con
ce
pt
whic
h
co
nn
ect
s
t
he
syst
e
m
s
with
the
help
of
e
m
bed
de
d
te
chnolo
gy,
th
e
e
m
bed
de
d
te
chnolo
gy
is
th
e
con
ce
pt
of
c
om
bin
ing
the
daily
us
ed
ph
y
sic
al
ob
j
e
ct
s
w
it
h
the
help
of
sens
ors
at
ta
ched
,
an
d
the
inf
or
m
at
ion
is
colle
ct
ed
fo
r
the
fu
t
ur
e
use
[1
]
.
The
da
ta
wh
ic
h
is
receiv
ed
is
from
the
series
of
se
ns
ors
w
hich
a
re
c
onnected
in
a
syst
e
m
at
ic
way
of
obta
ining
an
opti
m
a
l
res
ult.
The
se
nsor
s are
u
se
d n
ot only
to
c
ollec
t data
bu
t al
s
o
t
o
ide
nt
ify
an
d seg
re
ga
te
the dat
a
[
2].
The
num
ber
of
m
oto
r
ve
hicle
is
inc
reas
in
g
day
by
day
i
n
r
oa
ds
.
T
he
sys
tem
at
ic
of
way
of
veh
ic
le
ver
ific
at
io
n
is
no
t
ha
ppeni
ng
in
street
s.
Th
us
the
co
nventio
nal
m
eth
od
of
ve
hicl
e
check
i
ng
is
near
to
i
m
po
ssible
in
r
oads
nowa
days
[3
]
.
Due
to
the
increase
in
the
m
oto
r
veh
ic
le
inro
a
ds
,
ther
e
is
a
m
assive
waste
of
ti
m
e,
and
a
n
inc
rease
i
n
po
ll
utio
n
is
ha
pp
e
ning
[4
]
.
T
hu
s
the
nee
d
f
or
ve
hicle
che
ckin
g
done
by
m
oto
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
9
, N
o.
5
,
Oct
ober
201
9
:
3
7
5
1
-
3
7
5
8
3752
veh
ic
le
de
par
t
m
ent
need
s
to
be
done
on
a
r
egu
la
r
basis.
T
he
cust
om
er
need
s
to
m
ake
su
re
that
the
po
ll
ution
certi
ficat
e
sh
ould
be
up
to
dat
e
[5
]
.
T
his
researc
h
is
to
pr
ese
nt
an
int
el
li
gen
t
way
of
m
aking
the
r
ou
ti
ne
veh
ic
le
c
heck
i
ng
done
i
nroa
ds
to
aut
om
at
ed
[6
]
.
T
he
syst
e
m
is
featur
ed
by
low
co
st,
hi
gh
pe
rfo
rm
ance,
easy
to
m
a
intai
n
functi
on
al
it
ie
s
th
at
rep
la
ce
the
t
rad
it
io
nal
r
oad
check
i
ng
an
d
the
pro
posed
m
et
ho
d
ca
n
im
pro
ve
ro
a
d
c
hec
king
trem
end
ou
sly
[
7].
T
he
inte
rn
e
t
of
thin
gs
is
r
el
at
ed
to
se
ns
i
ng
the
data
a
nd
c
omm
un
ic
at
i
ng
it
wirelessl
y.
Th
e
recog
niti
on
of
ob
j
ect
s,
trac
ki
ng
them
,
m
an
agin
g
the
flo
w,
and
m
on
it
ori
ng
the
veh
ic
le
is
done
autom
a
ti
cally
.
The
pap
e
r
pro
po
s
es
an
al
gor
it
h
m
that
relat
es
intern
et
of
thin
gs
with
se
nsors
an
d
c
on
t
r
ols
the
identific
at
ion
of
the
veh
ic
le
pro
per
ly
and
s
yst
e
m
atical
l
y
[8
]
.
The
hete
rogen
e
ous
data
is
bein
g
cl
assifi
ed
int
o
diff
e
re
nt tables
, and
t
he
se
gr
e
gation o
f
i
nform
at
ion
is b
ei
ng
happe
ned w
it
h
the
h
el
p of t
he
syst
e
m
[9
]
.
Ra
dio
-
fr
e
quen
cy
identific
at
i
on
(R
FID)
is
an
identific
at
ion
m
et
ho
d
use
d
to
identify
and
sto
re
t
he
inf
or
m
at
ion
co
ll
ect
ed
with
th
e
help
of
RF
I
D
ta
gs
or
RF
I
D
rea
der
[10].
The
te
ch
nolo
gy
require
d
th
e
us
e
of
RFID
ta
g
an
d
RFID
read
e
r.
The
te
ch
nolo
gy
wo
r
ks
ver
y
directl
y;
the
RFID
sens
or
ide
ntifie
s
the
RFI
D
ta
g,
and
t
he
detai
ls
wh
ic
h
ar
e
sto
red
i
ns
ide
t
he
ta
g
can
be
e
nc
rypted
with
t
he
help
of
this
process
.
T
he
tr
ackin
g
and
ide
ntific
at
ion
are
done
with
the
help
of
ra
dio
wav
e
s
[11].
The
ta
g
sens
or
ca
n
read
the
ta
g
f
ro
m
a
par
ti
cula
r
dista
nce
bey
ond
th
e
li
ne
of
si
gh
t
of
the
rea
der
.
Thus
this
RF
ID
ta
g
a
nd
re
ader
ca
n
be
use
d
t
o
inco
rpor
at
e i
nt
o
a
ne
w pro
du
c
t for the
trac
kin
g an
d
i
den
ti
fi
cat
ion
us
in
g ra
dio
wa
ves
[12]
.
2.
RELATE
D
W
ORK
Veh
ic
le
ide
ntific
at
ion
dur
in
g
t
he
tim
e o
f
regu
la
r
veh
ic
le
ch
e
ckin
g
is si
gn
ifi
cant so
ci
al
towards
wh
ic
h
serio
us
act
io
n
m
us
t
be
ta
ken.
On
e
of
t
he
s
ol
utions
f
or
this
is
us
in
g
t
he
In
t
ern
et
of
T
hing
s
w
hich
is
the
current
tren
d
in
te
c
hnol
og
y
.
F
or
this
pur
po
se
,
m
any
auth
or
s
ha
ve
worked
i
n
this
do
m
ai
n
by
ap
pl
yi
ng
this
te
ch
no
l
og
y
in their
p
a
pe
r.
Ce
le
sti
et
al
.,[
13
]
is
disc
us
si
ng
the
c
on
diti
on
of
t
he
veh
i
cl
e
is
m
on
it
ored
us
in
g
dif
fere
nt
se
ns
ors.
The
pa
ram
et
er
s
that
are
add
r
essed
in
their
work
a
re
:
Induct
ive
loo
ps
can
be
placed
in
a
ro
ad
be
d
f
or
de
te
ct
ing
veh
ic
le
s
as
t
he
y
pass
th
rou
gh
the
lo
op
of
a
m
agn
et
ic
fiel
d.
Si
m
il
arly
,
the
sensing
de
vices
spread
al
on
g
the
ro
a
d
ca
n detec
t passi
ng v
e
hicle
s thro
ugh
t
he B
luetoot
h
m
ec
han
ism
.
Mi
n
et
al
.,[
14]
is
dis
cussi
ng
t
he
in
nova
ti
ve
idea
to
so
lve
t
he
pr
ob
le
m
of
cat
egorisi
ng
th
e
heter
og
e
ne
ou
s
data
with
the
help
of
traf
fic
sche
du
li
ng
del
ay
al
go
rithm
.
The
w
ho
le
sys
tem
is
of
two
par
ts
.
On
e
com
pu
te
r
wh
ic
h
is
us
e
d
t
o
al
locat
e
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
acc
ordin
g
to
the
r
equ
i
red
tr
af
fic
data.
W
it
h
the
help
of IOT lar
ge d
at
a is bein
g gat
her
e
d by the
wi
reless sen
sor
ne
twork
(
WSN)
and
bein
g pro
cessed.
Saha
dev et al
.,[1
5] is disc
us
si
ng
t
he
tra
ff
ic
c
ongestio
n
a
nd
m
on
it
or
ing
w
hi
ch
is gett
in
g
increase
d day
by
day.
.
T
he
pro
per
way
of
ident
ify
in
g
a
nd
m
on
it
or
in
g
the
veh
ic
le
will
pu
t
this
s
cenari
o.
Th
us
traf
fi
c
m
on
it
or
ing
an
d
c
on
t
ro
ll
in
g
hav
e
be
com
e
the
biggest
c
ha
ll
eng
e
i
n
the
f
ie
ld
of
tra
ff
ic
m
anag
em
ent.
This
i
s
beco
m
ing
the
m
ai
n
chall
enge
in
alm
os
t
all
countries.
Mo
st
of
the
m
e
tro
po
li
ta
n
ci
ti
es
su
f
fer
this
an
d
relat
ed
pro
blem
s.
Tal
ukder
et
al
.
,[16
]
is
discuss
ing
m
ic
ro
co
ntr
oller
based
traf
fic
co
ntr
ol
syst
e
m
.
Using
th
e
sens
or
a
nd
li
ve
we
ap
plica
ti
on
the
syst
e
m
help
to
op
ti
m
ise
the
traff
ic
ste
p
by
ste
p.
The
tra
nsport
inf
rastr
uctu
re
de
sign
e
d
can
help
t
he
t
raffic
co
ntr
ol
in
ci
ti
es
wh
e
r
e
the
tra
ff
ic
c
ongestio
n
is
of
great
.
T
he
pap
e
r
is
discu
ssing
the
syst
e
m
wh
ic
h
us
e
d
ras
pberr
y
pie
to
ana
ly
se
and
fin
d
the
de
ns
it
y
of
traf
fic
at
la
nes
and
ci
ti
es.
W
it
h
th
e
help
of
the
internet
of
thin
g
(IOT)
the
li
ve
da
ta
is
being
pass
ed
to
the
serv
e
r,
an
d
li
ve
trackin
g
of
the
tra
f
fic
is
bein
g happe
ne
d.
Jasm
in
et
al
.,[1
7]
is
discu
ssing
the
traf
fic
m
anag
em
e
nt
syst
em
whic
h
m
anag
es
the
tra
ff
ic
dynam
ic
al
l
y
with
the
hel
p
of
IO
T
,
I
nfra
red
s
ens
or
a
nd
Im
age
pro
cessi
ng
t
echn
i
qu
e
s.
T
he
sens
or
'
s
data
wh
ic
h
is
colle
ct
ed
fr
om
the
IR
sensor
is
then
tran
s
m
itted
with
th
e
help
of
the
W
i
fi
transm
it
ter
w
hich
is
rece
ived
by
the r
as
pber
ry c
on
t
ro
ll
er i
n
t
he
syst
e
m
.
Tärn
e
be
rg
et
al
.,[18
]
is
dis
cussing
the
c
oncept
of
publi
c
c
loud
suc
h
as
Am
azon
Web
Ser
vices
(AWS
)
that
ca
n
be
us
e
d
for
storing
t
he
li
ve
data.
The
use
of
public
cl
ouds
w
hich
suppo
rts
the
co
nnect
ed
dev
ic
es
a
nd
I
oT
w
hich
c
onnects
al
l
this
i
s
grow
i
ng
nowad
ay
s
.Th
e
m
ai
n
go
al
of
th
e
researc
h
into
sen
s
e
the d
at
a
with the
hel
p
se
ns
ors
an
d
t
he
acc
ur
a
cy
o
f
the
data is al
so
a goal in
the f
ie
ld
of
res
earch
. The scie
ntifi
c
exp
e
rim
entat
io
n
is
do
ne
with
the
hel
p
of
this
te
chnolo
gy.
I
n
this
pa
per,
f
or
the
nee
d
of
sci
entifi
c
ex
per
im
ents
,
the
em
erg
ing
t
rend
of
us
in
g
I
OT
s
upport
in
pu
blic
cl
ouds
wh
ic
h
will
le
ad
to
a
n
in
creas
e
in
the
pro
du
c
ti
vity
is
discusse
d.
Chen
g
et
al
.,[1
9]
is
discuss
in
g
in
the
pa
per
about
the
var
i
ou
s
a
ppli
cat
ion
of
RFID
ta
gs
and
RF
ID
sens
or
s
.
The
use
of
RF
ID
i
n
-
veh
ic
le
net
wor
king
is
disc
us
s
ed
in
this pap
e
r.
T
he
m
a
nag
em
ent
of
the v
e
hicle
on
the roa
d
a
nd
it
s
advanta
ge
a
re
discusse
d
i
n
th
e p
a
per. T
he w
ho
le
of the
syst
e
m
is d
ivide
d
i
nto
t
wo p
a
rts i
n
this
stud
y.
T
he
fi
rs
t
on
e
is
the
ve
hicle
acce
ss
co
ntr
ol
syst
e
m
a
nd
ve
hicle
inform
ation
co
ntr
ol
syst
e
m
.
The
veh
ic
le
acce
ss
co
ntr
ol
syst
e
m
w
il
l con
tr
ol the fl
ow
of v
e
hicle
s and
the
veh
ic
le
pa
ssing i
n
a
nd
out.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
An alg
or
it
hm f
or
IoT
ba
se
d v
ehicl
e veri
fi
cation syst
em usi
ng RF
I
D
(
Ale
n
J
os
e
ph Samuel
)
3753
Ca
o
et
al
.,[2
0] is
discussi
ng
th
e
eff
ic
ie
ncy p
a
rk
i
ng
of v
ehicl
es
with
t
he
hel
p
of
R
FID. The
autom
at
ed
te
chnolo
gy
whic
h
is
m
anag
ed
in
a
con
tr
ol
centre
is
bein
g
us
ed
in
th
is
syst
e
m
.
The
veh
ic
le
with
RFI
D
can
identify
,
a
nd
i
nfor
m
at
ion
can
be
us
e
d
to
c
arr
y
out
f
ur
t
he
r
proce
dure
.
T
he
syst
em
wo
rk
s
in
a
way
th
at
wh
e
n
the
RFID
veh
i
cl
e
wh
ic
h
e
nters
the
area
is
be
ing
m
on
it
or
e
d,
an
d
the
in
form
ation
of
the
veh
ic
le
is
bein
g
re
a
d
us
in
g
t
he
RF
I
D
ta
g i
ns
i
de
th
e v
e
hicle
.
Ying
et
al
.,[2
1]
is
discuss
in
g
the
dom
est
ic
veh
ic
le
m
anag
em
ent
and
im
prov
e
d
desig
n
w
hich
e
na
ble
veh
ic
le
m
anag
e
m
ent
syst
e
m
base
d
on
RF
I
D
te
chnolo
gy.
The
syst
em
wi
ll
en
able
a
safe
way
of
doin
g
al
l
of
the
ta
sk
s.
T
he
syst
e
m
i
s
analy
sing
the
data
base
d
on
netw
ork
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
,
rem
ote
com
pu
te
r
m
on
it
or
in
g
and car
d read
e
r
te
ch
nolo
gy which e
na
ble the
v
e
hicle
m
anag
e
m
ent syst
e
m
.
Ma
rais
at
al
.,[22
]
is
discussi
ng
the
i
nv
est
i
gates
that
is
s
uitabil
it
y
fo
r
t
he
UHF
w
hic
h
is
a
passi
ve
RFI
D
ta
g
us
e
d
for
m
on
it
or
in
g
the
el
ect
ro
nic v
ehicl
e
ide
ntific
at
ion
(E
VI)
w
hich
ide
ntify
the
el
ect
ric
veh
ic
le
in
the
r
oads.
A
s
yst
e
m
is
dev
el
op
e
d
s
o
that
m
od
el
s
of
each
of
t
he
key
el
e
m
ents
within
a
n
E
VI
e
nviro
nm
ent
is
bein
g
detect
e
d.
Th
us
the
i
nst
al
la
ti
on
of
t
hi
s
will
m
ake
su
re
t
he
ve
hicle
is
bein
g
det
ect
ed
an
d
ide
ntifie
d
accor
dingly
.
Deng
in
the
pa
per[23]
is
dis
cussing
the
be
tt
er
under
sta
ndin
g
ab
out
IOT
op
e
rati
on
pr
inciple
an
d
work
i
ng
m
ech
anism
wh
ic
h
is
com
bin
ed
w
it
h
the
EPCgl
ob
al
sta
nda
rd
s
wh
ic
h
is
an
I
OT
st
r
uctu
ral
m
od
el
wh
ic
h
is
est
ab
li
sh
ed.
T
he
w
orkin
g
m
od
es
of
the
per
ce
ptive
la
ye
r
an
d
t
he
ne
tw
ork
la
ye
r
are
expl
ai
ned
.
Fo
r
the
fur
t
her
prom
ote an
d t
o ap
ply t
he IOT
structu
re m
od
e
l wh
ic
h
is
us
e
d t
o
c
on
t
ro
l t
he m
od
el
.
Jing
et
al
.,[2
4]
is
ex
plaini
ng
about
t
he
s
pee
d
detect
ion
sys
tem
(S
DS
)
w
hi
ch
is
base
d
on
ro
a
d
s
urface
RFID
rea
der
a
nd
RFI
D
ta
g
i
n
veh
ic
le
s.
T
he
ta
g
will
be
on
the
r
oa
d
al
l
t
he
ti
m
e.
The
pro
posed
S
DS
c
an
be
us
e
d
to
d
et
ect
al
l ro
a
d
ty
pes
a
nd full
tim
e w
as sp
ee
ding
dete
ct
ion
base
d on
RSR
concept.
3.
PR
OP
OSE
D WOR
K
Ex
plainin
g
Af
t
er
c
on
si
der
i
ng
facts
prese
nted
,
the
re
is
a
vita
l
need
f
or
r
ese
arch
in
ve
hicle
ve
rificat
ion
process
.
T
he
presente
d
veh
ic
l
e
identific
at
io
n
an
d
ver
ific
at
io
n
syst
em
will
m
on
it
or
an
d
tr
ack
the
ve
hicle
in
al
l
the
conditi
ons.
The
syst
e
m
c
on
ta
in
s
a
server
an
d
a
disp
la
y
un
it
fo
r
re
po
rting
a
nd
disp
l
ay
ing
relat
ed
e
ven
ts
(RFID ta
gg
e
d veh
ic
le
detai
ls, NON
-
RFI
D
ta
gg
e
d ve
hicle
det
ai
ls, STO
L
E
N veh
ic
le
detai
ls).
I'm
wil
li
ng
to
con
t
rib
ute
to
the
do
m
ai
n-
"IOT
base
d
ve
hicle
identific
at
io
n
s
yst
e
m
".
In
this
area,
m
any
auth
or
s
ha
ve
publishe
d
thei
r
w
ork
by
co
ntributi
ng
so
l
ut
ion
s
to
t
his
area.
T
he
aut
hors
A
ntonio
Ce
le
sti
,
An
t
on
i
no
Gall
et
ta
,
Lor
e
nzo
Ca
rn
e
vale,
M
aria
Fazi
o
a
nd
Aim
e
Lay
-E
ku
a
kill
e
[25]
hav
e
c
ontrib
ut
ed
by
work
i
ng
on-"
An
IoT
Cl
oud
Syst
e
m
fo
r
T
r
af
fic
Mon
it
ori
ng
a
nd
Ve
hicu
la
r
Accide
nts
Pr
e
ven
ti
on
Ba
sed
on
Mob
il
e Se
nsor
Data P
ro
ces
sin
g".
Fo
ll
owin
g
i
s the
blo
c
k dia
gr
am
f
or the
syst
e
m
as shown
in Figu
re
1
.
Figure
1. Bl
oc
k
diag
ram
o
f
pro
posed
syst
em
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
9
, N
o.
5
,
Oct
ober
201
9
:
3
7
5
1
-
3
7
5
8
3754
3.1
.
Tar
get o
f
autom
ati
c
ve
hicl
e
identific
at
i
on
s
ystem
a.
Vehicl
e
certi
ficat
e
checkin
g
Wh
e
n
the
ve
hicle
m
ov
es
thr
ough
the
RF
re
ader,
the
RF
R
eader
read
e
r
w
il
l
read
the
ve
hicle
ID
by
scan
ning
the
R
F
ta
g,
a
nd
the
associat
ed
m
od
ule
will
valid
at
e
the
veh
ic
le
ID
with
the
pre
-
sto
red
rec
ords
in
t
he
database
a
nd
a
uto
m
at
ic
ally
c
heck
i
ng
f
or
al
l
certi
ficat
es
va
li
dity
.
If
a
ny
inv
al
id
detai
ls
are
f
ound,
t
he
syst
e
m
will
m
ake
an
al
ert
to
the
m
oto
r
dep
a
rtm
ent
via
em
ail.
Thu
s
the
de
par
tm
ent
can
ta
ke
f
ur
t
her
act
io
ns
on
t
he
syst
e
m
fr
om
t
he
ge
ne
rated
repor
t.
Tab
le
1
sho
ws
the
m
and
at
ory
cer
ti
ficat
e
detai
ls
tem
plate
of
each
RFID t
ags
.
Table
1.
Ve
hicle
certi
ficat
e de
ta
il
s te
m
plate
RC
Bo
o
k
PUC Certif
icates
Ins
u
rance Certif
ica
te
Own
er
N
a
m
e
Eng
in
e Nu
m
b
e
r
Reg
Nu
m
b
er
Issu
e Date
Exp
iry
D
ate
Veh
icle
Na
m
e
PUC Nu
m
b
er
Mod
el Nu
m
b
er
Issu
e Date
Exp
iry
D
ate
Co
m
p
an
y
Na
m
e
Ins
u
rance I
d
Ins
u
rance T
y
p
e
Issu
e Date
Exp
iry
D
ate
Rc
Bo
ok:
It
is
the
Re
gistrati
on
Ce
rtific
at
e
of
t
he
ve
hicle
wh
ic
h
al
lo
ws
t
he
veh
ic
le
to
be
le
gally
dr
i
ve
in
the
ro
a
ds
.
PUC
Cer
tific
at
e
:
P
olluti
on
Unde
r
Co
ntr
ol
certi
ficat
e
giv
es
i
nfor
m
ation
a
bout
the
em
otion
of
ga
s
an
d
sta
nd
a
rds
by th
e gov
e
r
nm
ent.
Insur
an
ce
Ce
rtifica
te:
As
pe
r
r
ule
141
of
Act,
eve
ry
ve
hicle
shou
l
d
ha
ve
an
i
ns
ura
nc
e
certi
ficat
e
with
a
valid in
suran
ce
cover
.
b.
No
r
mal
vehicl
e
Wh
e
n
t
he
nor
m
al
veh
ic
le
wi
th
RFI
D
ta
g
pa
sses
be
f
or
e
t
he
IR
se
nsor,
it
is
detect
ed
after
that
a
c
ount
of
5
seco
nds
is
init
ia
te
d
bef
or
e
the
5
seco
nd
s
the
ve
hicle
has
to
pass
the
RFID
read
e
r,
wh
ic
h
it
will
a
s
bo
t
h
are
placed
nearby.
Wh
en
the
norm
al
card
is
read
the
RFI
D
seq
u
ence
nu
m
ber
is
ta
ken,
and
the
veh
ic
le
can
be
identifie
d as a
norm
al
v
ehicl
e, and t
he ou
t
put can
be
see
n
a
s "Norm
al
v
ehi
cl
e."
c.
St
ole
n
vehicle
A
stole
n
ve
hicle
was
init
ia
ll
y
a
norm
al
veh
ic
le
wh
e
n
it
was
first
re
gistered
it
beco
m
es
stolen
once
it
is
m
issi
ng
or
s
us
pe
ct
ed
t
o
be
stolen,
at
that
s
it
uation
t
he
owner
ap
proac
hes
an
d
desi
gn
at
e
his
veh
ic
le
as
s
tole
n
on
e
no
w
the
R
FI
D
car
d n
um
ber
c
orrespo
nd
i
ng to
t
he regist
rati
on no:
will
b
e
now desi
gnat
ed
as st
olen
.
E.g.:
Durin
g r
egistrat
ion
:
Kl 01 A
A 123
4
=
X (a ta
g
c
ode)
=
Norm
al
Veh
ic
le
Wh
e
n
it
is i
dent
ifie
d
as a
stole
n veh
ic
le
;
KL 0
1
A
A 1
234
=
X (sam
e ta
g
c
od
e
as
befo
r
e) = St
olen
V
e
hicle
Now
the
ve
hic
le
is
set
as
stol
en
an
d
w
hen
e
ver
this
ve
hicle
is
read
,
it
wi
ll
be
identifie
d
as
a
stolen
veh
ic
le
. At t
he
instant of
detec
ti
ng
a stolen ve
hicle
, a
m
essage w
il
l be sen
t t
o
the concer
ne
d
pe
rsonals nu
m
ber
with the
h
el
p o
f
the
GSM
m
od
ule t
hat the
v
e
hicle
.
d.
Vehicl
e wi
tho
ut
RFI
D tag
Fo
r
a
veh
ic
le
without
RF
ID
ta
g,
As
t
he
veh
i
cl
e
passes
t
he
I
R
sens
or
it
will
be
detect
ed
a
nd
the
co
unt
of
5
seco
nds
w
il
l
be
init
ia
te
d,
bu
t
as
the
re
is
no
RF
ID
ta
g
the
ve
hicle
will
no
t
be
read,
a
nd
t
he
dis
play
sh
ows
"Veh
ic
le
no
t
re
gistered"
.
At
th
is
instant,
a
l
ow
pulse
si
gn
al
will
be
se
nt
to
the
pi
m
od
ule
f
ro
m
the
Ard
uin
o.
A
pi
cam
era
is
c
onnected
t
o
th
e
pi
m
od
ule
w
hich
requires
a
low
pu
lse
for
op
e
rati
on.
S
o
as
now
t
he
ve
hicle
is
detect
ed
the
lo
w
pulse
will
be
transm
it
te
d
and
t
he
cam
era
will
be
trig
gered,
a
nd
the
im
age
of
t
he
car
will
be
ta
ken
.
S
o,
this
i
m
age
can
be
a
naly
zed
by
the
op
e
rati
ng
per
s
on
an
d
al
ong
with
th
e
owner
of
the
ve
hicle
and
by
analy
zi
ng
t
he p
hysic
al
f
eat
ure
s the
owne
r
ca
n fin
d
the
car a
nd h
e
nce
fin
d
t
he
la
st see
n
l
oc
at
ion
.
3.2. Pr
oposed
algorit
hm
The
m
ai
n
fu
nc
ti
on
in
g
be
hind
the
pr
op
os
e
d
syst
e
m
is
the
detect
and
ide
ntify
the
veh
ic
le
s
al
go
rithm
that
ta
kes
dif
fe
ren
t
in
pu
ts
int
o
acco
unt
and
base
d
on
that
it
gen
erates
res
ults
that
are
he
lpf
ul
for
deter
m
ining
the stat
us
of th
e pro
posed
sys
tem
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
An alg
or
it
hm f
or
IoT
ba
se
d v
ehicl
e veri
fi
cation syst
em usi
ng RF
I
D
(
Ale
n
J
os
e
ph Samuel
)
3755
Algori
th
m
: V
ehic
le
M
ana
ge
ment Sys
tem
(
Vehicl
e, St
olen- Dat
abase)
1.
STA
RT
.
2.
.Pr
e
v
R
fid=
NULL.
3.
Wh
il
e
(I
R
Sensor
d
et
ect
s
ne
w veh
ic
le
&
&
tim
e<5 S
eco
nd).
4.
Current R
fid=
Re
ad
Rfi
d
ta
g i
n
the
v
e
hicle
.
5.
If(curre
nt rfid=
=pr
e
vious R
FID).
6.
BR
EAK
.
7.
If
(c
urren
t
rf
i
d=
=NULL)
8.
Ca
ptu
re
r
e
g-n
o usi
ng the
Pi ca
m
era.
9.
Else
if
(curr
e
nt
RFID f
ound i
n
st
olen data
ba
se).
10.
Ca
ptu
re
r
e
g-
no
u
si
ng the
Pi ca
m
era.
11.
Alert m
essage
sen
ds
with the
help o
f GSM
m
od
ule.
12.
Else
13.
Re
cord
detai
ls of doc
um
ents f
ro
m
the RFID.
14.
En
d(
if
).
15.
Pr
e-
rf
i
d=curre
nt-rfid
.
16.
En
d(wh
il
e)
.
17.
STO
P
.
4.
RESU
LT
S
A
ND AN
ALYSIS
In
The
syst
em
is
sim
ulate
d
us
ing
A
rduin
o
I
DE
as
a
to
ol
t
o
gen
e
rate
te
st
res
ults
f
or
eac
h
se
nsor
by
giv
in
g
a
n
i
nput
value
to
it
.
T
o
us
e
t
his
to
ol,
i
t
is
require
d
to
us
e
a
pro
gram
m
able
ci
rcu
it
c
omm
on
ly
kn
own
as
a
m
ic
ro
co
ntr
oller
w
hich
is
t
he
m
ai
n
com
po
ne
nt
f
or
this
too
l
us
ed
.
T
he
co
de
is
w
ritt
en
f
or
se
ns
ors
in
C
pr
ogram
m
ing
la
nguag
e
in
A
rduin
o
I
DE
and
flas
he
d
to
the
m
ic
ro
co
ntr
oller
to
te
st
t
he
sens
or.
Th
e
data
gen
e
rated
b
y t
he
se
nsor
can
be analy
zed
in
t
he ou
t
pu
t
scree
n of t
he Ar
duin
o ID
E
.
4
.1
.
St
im
ula
tion
fo
r chec
kin
g vehicl
e certi
ficat
e
s
Table
2
re
pr
es
ents
the
d
et
ai
ls
of
ve
hicle
certi
ficat
es;
it
check
s
w
hethe
r
the
certi
ficat
es
are
pr
ese
nt
with
the
owne
r
of
the
ve
hicle
or
no
t.
When
the
ve
hicle
m
ov
e
s
thr
ough
the
RF
rea
der,
the
RF
Re
ader
reade
r
will
read
the
ve
hicle
ID
by
s
cann
i
ng
t
he
R
F
ta
g,
a
nd
t
he
associat
ed
m
od
ul
e
will
validat
e
the
veh
ic
le
ID
with
the
pre
-
st
or
e
d
record
s
in
the
database
a
nd
a
uto
m
at
ic
ally
c
heck
i
ng
f
or
al
l
certi
ficat
es
va
li
dity
.
If
any
i
nv
al
id
detai
ls
are
f
ound,
the
syst
em
will
m
ake
an
al
ert
to
the
m
oto
r
dep
a
rtm
ent
via
em
ail.
Thu
s
the
de
par
tm
ent
ca
n
ta
ke
f
ur
t
her act
ion
s
on t
he
sys
tem
f
ro
m
the gener
at
e
d
r
ep
or
t
.
Table
2.
Ve
hicle
certi
ficat
e da
ta
set
Veh
icle I
D
RC
Bo
o
k
PUC Certif
icates
Ins
u
rance Certif
ica
te
BH4
0
YES
YE
S
YE
S
BH4
1
BH4
2
BH4
3
BH4
4
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
YE
S
NO
YE
S
NO
YE
S
NO
YE
S
BH4
5
YES
YE
S
NO
Figure
2
re
pre
sents
the
grap
h
between
th
e
Veh
ic
le
I
D
an
d
the
Ve
hicle
certi
ficat
e
sta
t
us
.
A
cco
rd
i
ng
to
the
gr
a
ph,
the
ve
hicle
certi
ficat
e
sta
tus
c
an
be
f
ound
out,
an
d
furthe
r
m
easur
es
can
be
ta
ken
to
le
t
the
custom
er
abou
t
the
m
issi
ng
certi
ficat
es.
No
t
e
that
Re
d
d
ots
ind
ic
at
e
PU
C
certi
ficat
e,
Bl
ue
ind
ic
at
es
RC
book,
and Gree
n
in
di
cat
es I
nsu
ran
ce
certi
ficat
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
9
, N
o.
5
,
Oct
ober
201
9
:
3
7
5
1
-
3
7
5
8
3756
Figure
2
.
Grap
h betwee
n Ve
hi
cl
e ID
a
nd Cer
ti
ficat
e stat
us
4.2
.
St
im
ula
tion
for R
FID
b
as
ed
vehicle
i
dent
ific
at
i
on
s
ys
te
m
Table
3
s
hows
the
sam
ple
da
ta
set
inf
or
m
ation
w
hich
is
c
ollec
te
d
f
r
om
t
he
RF
ID
rea
de
r.
T
he
R
FID
card
nu
m
ber
a
nd
c
orres
ponding
RF
I
D
rea
de
r
data
are
bein
g
sho
wn
i
n
the
ta
ble.
The
syst
e
m
al
so
prov
i
de
s
the
tim
e w
it
h
the
RFID rea
der id
entifi
ed
t
he
RF
ID
car
d data, a
nd the
sta
tus
of the
data is al
s
o bein
g
ide
ntifi
ed.
Table
3.
RF
I
D R
eader Data
set
RFID Ca
rd
RFID Read
e
r
Ti
m
e
Statu
s
101
1010
9
:0
0
W
ith
RFID
102
103
104
105
1011
1012
1013
1014
9
:1
5
1
0
:0
0
1
0
:1
5
1
1
:0
0
W
ith
o
u
t RFID
W
ith
RFID
W
ith
o
u
t RFID
W
ith
o
u
t RFID
106
107
108
109
110
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1
1
:1
5
1
2
:0
0
1
2
:1
5
1
3
:0
0
1
3
:1
5
W
ith
RFID
ST
OLE
N
W
ith
o
u
t RFID
W
ith
RFID
W
ith
RFID
Figure
3
repre
sents
the
gra
ph
betwee
n
t
he
s
ta
tus
of
th
e
ve
hicle
an
d
t
he
RFID
ta
g.
Acc
ordin
g
t
o
th
e
gr
a
ph,
Wh
e
n
a
n
RFI
D
ta
gge
d
the
ve
hicle
,
a
non
-
RFI
D
ta
gg
ed
ve
hicle
an
d
a
Stolen
veh
ic
l
e
is
passe
d
thr
ough
the
RFID
reade
r
it
cat
ego
riz
e
the
data
into
RFI
D
ta
gg
e
d
ve
hi
cl
e,
Non
-
RF
ID
ta
gg
e
d
ve
hicle
and
Stole
n
Veh
ic
le
acc
ordin
gly.
N
ote
t
hat
Re
d
dots
ind
ic
at
e
St
olen
veh
ic
le
,
Bl
ue
ind
ic
at
es
wi
thout
RFI
D
ve
hicle
,
and Gree
n
in
di
cat
ed
with
RFI
D veh
ic
le
.
Figure
3
.
Grap
h
s
howing
stat
us
of the
ve
hicle
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
An alg
or
it
hm f
or
IoT
ba
se
d v
ehicl
e veri
fi
cation syst
em usi
ng RF
I
D
(
Ale
n
J
os
e
ph Samuel
)
3757
5.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
The
syst
em
is
desig
ned
a
s
to
aut
om
at
e
the
-road
ve
hicle
check
i
ng
w
hich
is
do
ne
by
the
m
oto
r
dep
a
rtm
ent.
Fo
r
wh
ic
h
we
are
intro
duci
ng
a
te
chn
iq
ue
in
w
hich
eve
ry
vehi
cl
e
sh
ou
l
d
ha
ve
RF
Dev
ic
e
w
hic
h
had
a
n
RFI
D
ta
g
fitt
ed
with
the
veh
ic
le
duri
ng
the
ti
m
e
of
buyi
ng
the
v
ehicl
e.
By
r
eplaci
ng
t
he
on
-
ro
a
d
check
i
ng
done
by
m
oto
r
dep
a
rtm
ent,
the
RF
Re
adin
g
de
vic
e
placed
near
by
the
ro
a
d
will
read
th
e
car
d
wh
ic
h
is
placed
i
n
ve
hicle
s
an
d
a
utom
at
ic
ally
identifie
s
the
owner
detai
ls
an
d
c
orres
pondin
g
ce
rtific
at
e
wh
ic
h
nee
d
to
fetc
h
the
de
ta
il
s
fr
om
.
T
he
de
par
tm
ent
can
track
if
t
her
e
is
any
m
is
m
at
ch
in
the
veh
ic
le
certi
f
ic
at
es.
The
ve
hicle
w
hich
do
es
not
ha
ve
RFI
D
ta
g
c
an
al
so
be
f
ound
with
the
help
of
this
te
ch
nique.
Anothe
r
fa
ci
li
t
y
pro
vid
e
d
by
t
he
syst
em
is
stolen
ve
hicle
detect
i
on
in
t
he
syst
em
.
The
lost
ve
hicle
can
be
fou
nd
w
he
n
the
veh
ic
le
is
bein
g
passe
d
thr
ough
any
of
the
RFID
rea
de
rs
in
the
ro
a
ds.
If
the
r
obbe
r
re
m
ov
es
the
ta
g
from
the
ve
hicle
,
al
so
the
ve
hicle
is
identifie
d
as
a
NON
-
RFI
D
ta
gg
e
d
veh
ic
l
e
and
t
he
veh
i
cl
e
can
b
e
fou
nd
out
wh
e
n
m
oto
r
de
par
tm
ent
cont
act
s
the
custo
m
er
for
instal
li
ng
RF
ID
ta
g
in
the
ve
hicl
e.
Th
us
the
s
yst
e
m
pro
vid
es a
n
ea
sy an
d
syst
em
i
c w
ay
if
v
e
hicle
iden
ti
ficat
io
n an
d
m
anag
em
ent.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
Upendra
Yada
v
,
Kam
al
ak
annan
,
"S
m
art
Vehic
le
Monito
ring
S
y
stem
using
IOT
,
"
Inte
rnat
ional
Journal
f
or
Dev
el
opmen
t
o
f Com
pute
r Sc
i
en
ce
and
Techno
lo
gy
,
Vol
-
5
,
I
-
3
,
SW
-
31
[2]
Pall
avi
A
T
arg
e
and
M
P
Sato
ne
"V
AN
ET
ba
sed
Real
-
Ti
m
e
Inte
lligen
t
Tr
an
sportat
ion
S
y
ste
m
"
Inte
rnationa
l
Journal
of
Computer
App
li
ca
ti
on
s
,
Vol
145
–
No.
4,
Jul
y
2016
.
[3]
Dhanla
kshm
i
an
d
Ez
i
l
Sam
Leni
,
"Ins
ta
n
ce
V
ehi
c
le
Monitor
i
ng
and
Tracki
n
g
with
Inte
rn
et
of
Thi
ngs
usin
g
Arduino,
"
Int
ernati
onal Journal on Smar
t
Sensin
g
and
Int
el
l
ige
n
t
Syste
ms
,
Septem
ber
2017
.
[4]
Ah
m
ad,
R.
M.
Noor,
I.
Ali,
M.
Im
ran
,
and
A.
V
asi
la
kos
,
“C
har
act
erizi
ng
th
e
ro
le
of
veh
ic
ular
cl
ou
d
com
pu
ti
ng
i
n r
oad traf
fic m
anag
em
ent,”
In
t.
J. D
ist
rib
. Sen
s
or
Net
w.
,
vol.
13, pp.
1
–
14, Ap
r.
2017.
[5]
F.
Li
n,
Q.
H
ua
ng,
a
nd
Q.
T
an,
“
Distri
bu
te
d
st
or
a
ge
vid
e
o
cl
ou
d
of
int
el
li
gen
t
tran
sportat
io
n
syst
e
m
base
d on the
ba
ckw
a
r
d
cl
ou
d gen
e
rato
r,
”
Ad
v. Transp
. Stu
d.
, vol.
2,
pp. 15
–
22,
20
15.
[6]
Don
g
-
Lia
ng
Wu
et
al
.
,
"A
br
ie
f
survey
on
cu
rr
e
nt
RF
I
D
ap
plica
ti
on
s
,"
20
09
I
ntern
at
ion
al
C
on
fe
re
nce
on M
a
chi
ne
Le
ar
ni
ng
and
Cy
ber
netic
s,
V
ol.
4,
pp.
2330
-
2335
, July
2009.
[7]
So
ic
hi
K
ubota
et
al
.,
"Sa
fet
y
Dr
ivi
ng
S
uppo
rt
Syst
em
Using
RF
ID
f
or
Pr
e
ve
ntion
of
Pe
destria
n
-
involve
d
Acciden
ts
,
"
20
06
6th
In
te
r
nati
onal
C
on
fe
re
nc
e
on
I
TS
Te
le
comm
un
ic
atio
ns
Pr
ocee
ding
s
,
pp. 226
-
22
9,
2006.
[8]
Wang
H
ongjia
n
et
al
.,
"R
FI
D
Tech
nolo
gy
Applie
d
to
Mon
it
or
Ve
hicle
in
Highwa
y
,"
2012
T
hir
d
In
te
r
na
ti
on
al
Con
fe
re
nce
on
Digital M
anuf
acturi
ng
&
Au
tomati
on
, p
p.736
-
739
,
J
uly 2
012
.
[9]
Kuo
-
Sh
ie
n
H
ua
ng
et
al
.,
"R
FI
D
A
pp
li
cat
ion
s
Strate
gy
and
De
plo
ym
e
nt
in
Bi
ke
Re
nting
Syst
e
m
,"
10
t
h
I
ntern
ational
Co
nfere
nce
on
A
dv
anced
C
omm
unic
atio
n
Tec
hnol
og
y,
Fe
b.
2008,
Vo
l.
1,
pp.
660
-
66
3,
2008.
[10]
Pandit
,
A.
A
e
t
al
.,
"R
F
ID
T
rack
i
ng
Syst
e
m
fo
r
Veh
ic
le
s
(RTS
V)
,"
Fir
st
In
te
r
nati
onal
C
on
fe
re
nce
on
Compu
t
atio
na
l
Intel
li
gen
ce, C
omm
un
ic
ation
Systems
an
d
N
et
works
, July
2009, p
p.1
60
-
165
,
2009.
[11]
M.
V.
Bue
no
-
Delga
do
et
al
.,
“A
geo
m
et
ric
distrib
utio
n
re
ader
a
nti
-
c
oll
isi
on
protoc
ol
f
or
R
FID
den
se
read
e
r
e
nv
i
ron
m
ents,”
IEE
E
Trans.
Au
t
om.
Sci. E
ng.
,
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10, no.
2,
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96
–
306, A
pr.
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[12]
H.
La
ndal
uce
at
el
.,
“A
n
e
ne
rg
y
a
nd
ide
ntific
at
ion
tim
e
decr
easi
ng
pro
ce
dure
for
m
e
m
o
ryl
ess
RFI
D
ta
g
anti coll
isi
on pro
t
oco
ls,”
IE
E
E Tr
an
s
. Wirel
ess Co
mmu
n.
,
vo
l.
15, n
o. 6,
pp. 423
4
–
4247
, J
un.
20
16.
[13]
An
t
on
i
o
Ce
le
sti
et
a
l.,
“An
Io
T
Cl
oud
Syst
e
m
fo
r
T
raffic
Mon
it
or
ing
an
d
Veh
i
cular
Acci
dent
s
Pr
e
ven
ti
on
Ba
sed
on
Mo
bile
Sensor
D
at
a
Pr
ocessi
ng
,
”
IEEE
Sens
or
s
Jo
urn
al
,
vo
l.
18,
no
.
12,
Ju
ne
15,
2018
.
[14]
Mi
nghu
i
Mi
n
et
al
.,
“
T
raffic
A
war
e
Mult
iple
Sl
ot
Fra
m
es
Sc
heduli
ng
Algo
rithm
in
I
ndu
stria
l
l
oT
Applic
a
ti
on
s
Using
I
EEE
S
02.1S.
4e
TSC
H,
"
IEEE
16th
In
te
r
na
ti
onal
Con
fe
re
nce
on
Comm
un
ic
atio
n
Tech
no
l
og
y
(I
CC
T
)
, 2015
.
[15]
Var
s
ha
Sa
had
e
v
et
al
.,
"An
I
ntell
igent
Fr
a
m
ewo
r
k
f
or
V
ehicl
e
Tr
aff
ic
Mon
it
ori
ng
Syst
e
m
us
ing
IoT
,
"
In
te
r
na
t
io
nal
Con
fe
re
nce
on
In
te
ll
igent C
omp
utin
g and C
on
tr
ol (I
2C2
)
,
2017
.
[16]
Me
hal
Zam
an
Tal
ukde
r
et
a
l.,
"A
n
Io
T
Ba
sed
Au
t
om
ated
T
raffi
c
Co
ntr
ol
Syst
em
W
it
h
Re
al
-Ti
m
e
Update
Ca
pabi
li
t
y
,
"
8th
I
nt
ern
ational
C
onfe
rence
on
Compu
ti
ng,
C
omm
un
ic
ation
and
Ne
tw
or
k
ing
Tec
hnol
og
ie
s
(ICC
CN
T)
,
20
17.
[17]
Paul
Jasm
ine
Ra
ni
et
al
.,
"D
ynam
ic
traff
ic
m
anag
em
ent
syst
e
m
us
in
g
in
fr
a
red
(
ir
)
a
nd
internet
of
thi
ngs
(
iot),
”
Th
ir
d
In
te
r
na
ti
on
al
Con
fe
re
nce
on
Science
Tech
no
l
og
y
Eng
i
neerin
g
&
Man
age
men
t
(
ICONS
T
EM)
,
2017
.
[18]
W
il
li
am
Trn
eberg
et
al
.,
"E
xp
e
riences
C
re
at
ing
a
Fr
am
ework
f
or
Sm
art
Traffic
Co
nt
ro
l
us
i
ng
A
W
IO
T
,
"
I
EEE/
A
CM 9th
Intern
ational C
on
fe
r
ence
on U
ti
li
ty
a
nd Cl
oud
C
omp
utin
g
,
2016
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
9
, N
o.
5
,
Oct
ober
201
9
:
3
7
5
1
-
3
7
5
8
3758
[19]
Xiaolu
C
he
ng
et
al
.,
“A
S
urv
ey
on
RF
ID
A
pp
li
cat
io
ns
in
Veh
ic
le
Net
work
s
,
"
I
ntern
ationa
l
Co
nferen
ce
o
n I
de
ntif
ic
ation
, I
nfo
r
ma
ti
on,
and Kn
owled
ge
in
the
Inter
ne
t of T
hings (I
I
KI)
,
2015.
[20]
Ziju
a
n
Ca
o
et
al
.,
“
A
Veh
i
cl
e
Ma
nag
em
ent
Syst
em
of
Com
m
u
nity
Ba
sed
on
R
adio
Fr
e
quenc
y
Id
e
ntific
at
ion
Tech
no
l
og
y
,
”
IEEE
3rd
I
nt
ern
ational
Co
nference
on
C
ommunic
atio
n
So
ft
wa
re
an
d
Ne
tw
or
ks
,
2011
.
[21]
Jia
ng
Li
n
-
yi
ng
et
al., “I
m
pr
oved
Desi
gn
of
V
ehicl
e Ma
nag
e
m
ent Syst
e
m
B
ased on
RFI
D
,
”
In
te
r
na
ti
on
al
Con
fe
re
nce
on
In
te
ll
igent
Syst
em Desi
gn
and En
gin
eeri
ng A
pp
li
catio
n
,
2010
.
[22]
H.
Ma
rais
et
al
.,
“M
od
el
li
ng
of
an
R
FI
D
-
based
El
ect
ronic
Ve
hi
cl
e
Id
entifi
cat
ion
Syst
em
,
”
M.en
g
dissertat
ion
,
Nort
h
-
We
s
t Un
iv
ersit
y,
Sout
h
Afri
ca
,
2008.
[23]
Na
D
en
g
“R
F
ID
Tech
nolo
gy
and
Netw
or
k
Co
ns
tr
uctio
n
in
t
he
I
nter
net
of
T
hings
,
”
In
te
r
nati
onal
Con
fe
re
nce
on
Compu
te
r
S
ci
e
nce
and Servic
e S
yst
e
m
,
2012
.
[24]
Tao
Jin
g
et
al
.,
“Spee
ding
Detect
ion
in
RFID
Syst
em
s
on
Roa
ds
,”
In
te
rnati
onal
Con
fe
renc
e
on
Connect
ed
Ve
hi
cl
es a
nd Ex
po
(
ICCVE)
,
20
13
.
[25]
An
t
on
i
o
Ce
le
sti
et
a
l.,
“An
Io
T
Cl
oud
Syst
e
m
fo
r
T
raffic
Mon
i
to
r
ing
an
d
Veh
i
cular
Acci
dent
s
Pr
e
ven
ti
on
Ba
sed
on
Mo
bile
S
ens
or
Data
Pr
oc
essin
g
,
”
I
EEE
Se
nsors
J
ou
r
nal
,
V
olu
m
e:
18,
Iss
ue:
12
,
Ju
ne
15, 201
8.
BIOGR
AP
H
I
ES
OF
A
UTH
ORS
Alen
Jose
ph
S
amu
el
purs
uing
the
Msc
C
om
pu
te
r
Scie
nc
e
post
grad
uation
de
gr
ee from
CHRIST
(
Dee
m
ed
to
be
U
ni
ver
sit
y),
I
nd
ia
.
He
ha
d
recei
ved
degree
f
r
om
CHRIST
(D
eem
ed
to
be
Un
i
ver
sit
y).
His
resea
rch
i
nterest
is
iot
base
d
ve
hicle
identific
at
io
n
syst
e
m
u
sing R
FI
D
.
E
-
m
ail: al
en.
s
am
uel@cs.ch
ris
tun
ive
rsity
.in
Sh
oney
Sebas
tian
rec
ei
v
ed
MP
hil
degr
ee
f
rom
Vina
y
ak
a
Miss
ions
Univer
sit
y
in
2007.
MCA
degr
ee
from
Indira
Gandhi
National
Open
Univer
sit
y
in
2000.
PG
DCA
degr
ee
f
rom
Instit
ute
of
Hum
an
Resourc
e
Deve
lopment
for
El
ectroni
cs
in
1995
and
no
w
pursuing
Ph
D
degr
ee
from
CHRIS
T
(Dee
m
e
d
to
be
Univ
e
rsit
y
)
.
Curre
n
tly
,
he
is
working
as
the
As
sociate
Profess
or
in
CHRIS
T
(Dee
me
d
to
be
Univer
sit
y
).
His
rese
arc
h
int
ere
st
in
cl
udes
cl
oud
computin
g,
dat
a
m
ini
ng
and
Indoor
Pos
it
ioni
ng
s
y
s
te
m
.
E
-
m
ail:sho
ney.
sebasti
an
@chri
stun
i
ver
sit
y.i
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.