Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of Ele
ctrical
an
d
Co
mput
er
En
gin
eeri
ng
(IJ
E
C
E)
Vo
l.
10
,
No.
4
,
A
ugus
t
2020
,
pp.
3423
~
34
30
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijece
.
v
10
i
4
.
pp3423
-
34
30
3423
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
ece.i
aesc
or
e.c
om/i
nd
ex
.ph
p/IJ
ECE
Perform
ance
enhanc
emen
t
of D
C/
DC
conv
er
t
ers
for
s
olar p
owere
d
EV
S.
Nag
araj
1
,
R
.
R
an
ihe
mam
alini
2
,
L.
Raj
aji
3
1
.2
Depa
rtment
of
E
l
ec
tr
ical and E
le
c
troni
cs
Engi
n
ee
ring
,
St
.
Pet
er’
s
Instit
ut
e
of
Hig
her
Edu
cation an
d
Re
sea
r
ch,
Indi
a
3
Depa
rtment of
E
lectr
i
ca
l
and
E
l
ec
tron
ic
s E
ng
ineeri
ng,
ARM
Coll
ege
of
Eng
ine
e
ri
ng
and Technol
o
g
y
,
Indi
a
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Sep
9
, 2
019
Re
vised
Jan
14
,
20
20
Accepte
d
Ja
n
30
,
2020
The
p
ape
r
initi
al
l
y
pre
sents
th
e
essent
ia
l
driv
e
arr
ange
m
ent
r
equi
red
for
el
e
ct
ri
c
veh
ic
l
e.
It
req
uests
high
power
bidi
re
ct
io
nal
stre
am
abi
lit
y
,
with
wid
e
info
volt
ag
e
ra
nge,
and
y
ield
volt
age
o
f
vi
ta
lit
y
sto
ckpi
l
in
g
gadge
ts,
for
exa
m
ple
,
su
per
ca
p
ac
i
tors
or
bat
te
r
ie
s
shift
with
the
ad
justm
ent
in
sta
ck
.
At
tha
t
point
th
e
te
na
ci
t
y
and
o
utl
ine
of
pre
v
io
usl
y
m
ent
ione
d
conve
rt
er
is
proposed
in
th
i
s
pape
r.
The
c
onver
te
r
which
relate
s
a
ha
lf
ext
ension
topol
og
y
,
has
hi
gh
power
strea
m
abi
li
t
y
and
le
ast
gadge
t
foc
uses
on
tha
t
can
appr
opriate
l
y
interfa
c
e
a
super
c
a
pac
i
tor
with
th
e
drive
pr
epa
r
e
of
a
cro
ss
over
el
e
ct
ri
c
v
ehi
c
le.
Beside
s,
b
y
c
ontra
sting
the
funda
m
ent
al
qu
al
ities
and
appl
i
ca
t
ions
with
som
e
ordina
r
y
bid
ir
ecti
onal
DC/DC
conve
rt
er,
the
proposed
c
onver
t
er
has
lo
w
gadge
t
rating
and
ca
n
b
e
co
ntrol
le
d
b
y
obli
gation
c
y
cle
and
stage
m
ove.
Final
l
y
,
the
m
ost
essenti
al
attrib
ute
s
of
thi
s
conve
rt
er
is
tha
t
it
uti
l
izes
the
trans
form
er
spill
age
induc
t
ance
as
the
essentia
l
vit
alit
y
ex
cha
ng
e
component
an
d
cont
rol
par
amete
rs,
Sim
ulatio
n
wave
form
s
in
li
ght
of
MA
TL
AB re
creat
ion are
give
n
to exhi
bit
the
integri
t
y
of
thi
s nove
l
topol
og
y
,
and
t
his
conve
rt
er
is
addi
ti
on
all
y
re
asona
ble
for
h
i
gh
power
appl
i
ca
t
ion,
spe
ci
fi
ca
l
l
y
to
control
the
cha
rg
e
-
r
el
e
ase
of
super
ca
pa
ci
tors
or
bat
t
eri
es
th
at
c
an
be
ut
il
i
ze
d
as
a
par
t
of
cro
ss
bre
ed
solar
base
d
el
e
ct
ri
c
v
ehi
c
le
.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
DC/DC c
onve
r
te
r
S
olar
p
a
nel
S
pill
age ind
uct
ance
Copyright
©
202
0
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
S.
Nag
a
ra
j
,
Dep
a
rtm
ent o
f El
ect
rical
an
d
Ele
ct
ro
nics
E
nginee
rin
g,
St.
Pete
r
’s Inst
it
ute
of
Higher
Ed
ucati
on and
Re
search
,
Chen
nai,
India
.
Em
a
il
:
nag
ara
jsubram
ani11@
gm
ail.co
m
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
In
t
he
recent
y
ears,
s
olar
bas
e
HE
V
(
Hyb
ri
d
Ele
ct
ric
Vehi
cl
es)
has
pull
ed
in
an
e
ve
r
-
rising
num
ber
of
c
onside
rati
ons
of
nu
m
erou
s
natio
ns
'
veh
i
cl
e
ind
ust
ry
[1]
.
Ca
rs
fuel
ed
by
inwa
r
d
bur
ning
m
oto
rs
s
peak
to
an
en
orm
ou
s
fr
am
ework
ve
nture,
a
nd
ar
ound
33%
oil
util
iz
at
ion
[
2,
3]
.
T
he
refor
e
,
the
pro
gr
ess
to
a
n
a
ll
-
el
ect
ric
versat
il
e
ar
m
ada
has
al
l
the
ea
r
m
ark
s
of
bein
g
ext
rem
ely
allur
in
g
a
nd
at
tract
ive,
ho
wev
e
r
it
ha
s
been
rest
rict
ed
by
a few k
ey
inno
vation
a
nd b
us
i
ness
issues
[
4]
.
T
her
e
fore,
the
c
ha
ng
e
in
ex
pl
or
i
ng
on Hy
br
i
d
Veh
ic
le
s
seem
s,
by
al
l
acco
unts,
to
b
e
al
lu
r
ing
.
Lim
it
ed
V
ehicl
es
ha
ve
a
few
fa
vora
ble
ci
rcu
m
st
ances
over
tradit
ion
al
aut
os
[5,
6]
.
An
inv
erter
to
dri
ve
t
he
e
ngin
e
an
d
DC/DC
pow
er
co
nve
rter
is
place
d
a
m
on
g
the
batte
ry
an
d
high
volt
age
transpo
rt
[7]
.
This
ch
opper
m
us
t
re
m
ai
n
op
e
rated
bi
-
dir
ec
ti
on
al
ly
m
ea
nwhile
the
ene
r
gy
can
sp
il
l
out
of
t
he
ene
rg
y
st
or
a
ge
dev
ic
e
t
o
t
he
DC
i
nterf
ace
or
the
ot
her
w
ay
[8,
9]
.
T
his
pap
e
r
util
iz
es
an
il
l
us
trat
io
n
that
can
co
ordin
at
e
with
the
cu
rrent
gas
a
nd
powe
r
f
oundat
ion
is
us
in
g
m
odule
HEV
[
10
]
.
T
he
ge
neral
iz
ed
bl
oc
k
dia
gr
a
m
is
dep
ic
te
d
in
F
igure
1.
In
this
pap
e
r
cha
pter
2
de
scrib
e
the p
r
opos
e
d
el
ect
ric
ve
hicle
s
olar
base
d
c
on
ver
te
r
s r
eq
uire
m
ents.
Cha
pter
3
delineat
es
th
e
sim
ulatio
n
ci
rcu
it
s
and res
ults
of
pro
posed
wo
rk.
Finall
y, it
is co
nclu
ded
in
C
ha
pter 4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
4
,
A
ugus
t
2020
:
3423
-
3430
3424
Figure
1. Bl
oc
k
d
ia
gram
2.
PROP
OSE
D
PV
B
AS
ED
E
LE
CTRIC
V
EHICLE
In
t
he
e
ven
t
of
i
nterc
onnec
ti
ng
the
so
la
r
pa
nel
with
t
he
loa
d
,
t
he
DC/DC
po
wer
co
nv
e
rter
i
s
util
iz
ed
[
11
]
.
W
i
de
va
riet
ie
s
of
DC
-
DC
co
nv
e
rter
t
opol
ogie
s
m
ay
be
avail
able
f
or
sy
nchr
on
iz
in
g
s
ol
ar
cel
l
with the D
C
-
Bus [12,
13]
.
Howe
ver, so
m
e o
utli
ne
ins
pe
ct
ion
s for
EV
a
pp
li
cat
io
ns
f
ound
to be lesser
weig
ht
,
high
er
e
ff
ic
ie
nc
y,
sm
a
ll
er
vo
lum
e,
low
er
el
ect
ro
m
agn
et
ic
al
ly
pr
oduce
d
inter
fer
e
nce
s
,
an
d
lo
wer
curre
nt
rip
ple
s
su
c
ked
from
the
powe
r
sources
,
co
ntro
l
ling
the
bid
i
recti
on
al
DC/
DC
powe
r
co
nverter
s
powe
r
flo
w
is
su
bject
ed
to
th
e
wide
r
ra
nge
of
volt
age
var
i
at
ion
in
the
in
pu
t
of
the
co
nverter
[14,
15]
.
The
c
at
eg
or
i
es
of
DC/DC
powe
r
conver
te
rs
st
ud
ie
d
an
d
si
m
u
la
te
d
in
the
pro
po
se
d
w
ork
are
Boost
Converte
r,
f
ull
-
bri
dge
Converte
r
,
I
nte
rleave
d
boost
Converte
r.
T
he
perform
ance
diff
ere
nt
pe
rform
ance
is
analy
sed
nam
el
y
In
du
ct
or
Loss
,
Ca
pacit
or L
os
s
,
Di
od
e
Loss
,
S
witc
hing L
os
,
T
otal L
os
s
a
nd
E
ff
ic
ie
ncy
[
16,
17]
.
2.1.
Design
a
nd
a
n
aly
sis
o
f
b
oost
c
onver
to
r
A
bi
directi
onal
power
c
onve
rt
er
ge
ner
at
es
t
he
DC
outp
ut
volt
age
that
m
us
t
be
la
rg
e
r
tha
n
the
in
put
vo
lt
age
.
It
is
sim
il
ar
to
the
s
witc
hed
m
od
e
of
s
upplyi
ng
powe
r
with
m
ini
m
u
m
to
two
se
m
ic
on
duct
or
powe
r
switc
hes
an
d
a
sing
le
el
e
m
ent
of
stora
ge
de
vice
[18].
The
ou
t
pu
t
volt
age
and
c
urren
t
is
su
pp
os
e
d
to
co
ns
ist
s
of
ri
pp
le
s
.
A
capaci
tor
is
ut
il
iz
ed
as
filt
er
fo
r
t
he
re
du
c
ti
on
of
rip
ple
con
te
nt
gen
e
rated
in
the
outp
ut
vo
lt
age
[19].
An
in
duct
or
ba
sed
filt
er
is
pro
vid
e
d
for
r
edu
ci
ng
the
ripp
le
s
prese
nt
in
the
ou
t
pu
t
current.
Figure
2 de
picts t
he
sc
hem
at
ic
re
pr
ese
ntati
on of the
con
ver
t
er m
od
el
w
it
h t
he fil
te
rs.
Ind
uctor Val
ue
is gi
ven b
y
(
1
)
≥
×
×
∆
(1)
Ca
pacit
ance
V
al
ue
is
giv
e
n b
y
(
2
)
=
×
∆
(2)
Figure
2. Ci
rcui
t
d
ia
gr
am
o
f
b
oo
st
c
on
ver
te
r
2.2.
Design a
nd
a
n
aly
sis
of
f
ull
-
b
ri
dg
e
c
onverte
r
The
c
onfig
ura
ti
on
of
b
rid
ge
ty
pe
of
DC
-
DC
po
wer
co
nv
e
rter
with
f
our
powe
r
s
w
it
ches
are
connecte
d
acr
os
s
AC
tra
ns
f
or
m
er.
Co
nv
e
r
te
r
ty
pe
cal
le
d
fu
ll
bri
dge
is
on
e
am
on
g
t
he
c
omm
on
ly
util
iz
ed
structu
re
w
hich
prov
i
des
is
ol
at
ion
in
t
he
s
yst
e
m
in
add
it
ion
t
o
ste
ppi
ng
up
or
ste
pp
i
ng
do
wn
the
vo
lt
age
offer
e
d
in
th
e
input
side
[
20]
.
It
al
so
offer
s
m
any
oth
er
pro
per
ti
es
s
uch
as
rev
e
r
sal
of
po
la
riti
es
and
giv
e
s
m
ul
ti
ple
ou
tp
ut
s
as
sh
ow
n
in
F
igure
3.
T
he
three
sta
ges
of
bri
dge
ty
pe
powe
r
co
nvert
ers
are:
S
qu
a
re
wav
e
ty
pe,
Rect
ifie
r netw
ork
ty
pe
a
nd E
nergy tra
nsfer
n
et
work.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Perf
orma
nce
E
nhanceme
nt
of
DC/DC C
on
ve
rte
rs for S
ola
r
Powere
d
EV
(
S. Na
gara
j
)
3425
The
basic
syst
e
m
m
od
el
com
pr
ise
s
of
fou
r
powe
r
switc
he
s
su
c
h
as
I
GB
Ts,
MOS
FETs
,
Ther
m
ist
or
s
(or)
Bi
pola
r
tr
ansisto
rs
an
d
a
lso
it
s
accom
pan
yi
ng
dr
i
ve
r
ci
rcu
it
syst
e
m
s
.
T
he
is
olate
d
ty
pe
of
br
i
dg
e
powe
r
conve
rter
co
nsi
sts
of
a
trans
f
or
m
er
that
can
prov
i
de
isolat
ion
a
par
t
f
ro
m
ste
pp
in
g
dow
n
or
ste
ppin
g
up
of
vo
lt
age
s
[
21
]
.
MOSFET
ty
pe
of
po
wer
s
e
m
ic
on
duct
or
switc
hes
ar
e
broa
dly
us
e
d
f
or
high
po
wer
rated
conve
rters
bec
ause
of it
s po
w
er
handlin
g
ca
pab
il
it
ie
s,
sim
ple d
ri
ver
ci
rcu
i
ts when
co
m
par
ed
w
it
h B
JTS.
In
ge
ner
al
,
pai
r
of
power
sw
it
ches
is
invol
ved
duri
ng
on
e
half
cy
cl
e
of
the
in
put
co
ntr
ol
sig
nal.
Wh
e
reas
the o
t
her
p
ai
r
of
p
ower
s
witc
hes
is
op
e
rated dur
in
g
an
oth
e
r
half
cy
cl
e
of
the
sig
nal
[
22
]
.
P
ulse w
idt
h
m
od
ulate
d
te
chn
i
qu
e
is
util
iz
ed
f
or
ge
ne
ra
ti
ng
the
firin
g
pu
lse
s
to
dr
i
vi
ng
t
he
switc
he
s.
S
witc
hing
con
t
ro
l
si
gn
al
m
ay
be
ei
ther
a
square
wav
e
or
a
si
ne
wav
e
.
O
ut
of
those
two
s
quare
wav
e
is
prefe
rr
e
d
beca
use
it
s
si
m
plici
t
y.
On
the
oth
e
r
hand
it
po
ssesses
li
tt
le
hig
her
harm
on
ic
s
con
te
nt
.
Howe
ver
,
t
he
syst
e
m
with
higher
fr
e
qu
e
ncy of a
bout 20
kHz or
ab
ove, this ca
n
be uti
li
zed
[23]
. Ex
am
ples f
or
s
uch
l
oad
s a
re S
MPS, RF
he
at
ing
syst
e
m
et
c.,
th
at
req
ui
re
tun
i
ng
of
filt
ers
f
or
m
i
ni
m
iz
ing
the
har
m
on
ic
s
effe
ct
.
Fo
r
t
he
lo
wer
o
r
der
f
re
quencies
li
ke
co
nv
e
rter
fe
d AC m
oto
rs are c
os
tl
y and
bu
l
ky.
Figure
3. Ci
rcui
t
d
ia
g
ram
o
f
f
ull
b
rid
ge
c
onve
rter
Ind
uctor Val
ue
is give
n by
(
3
)
=
×
2
×
×
∆
(3)
Ca
pacit
or
Val
ue
is gi
ven b
y
(
4
)
=
×
(
×
)
×
∆
(4)
2.3.
Int
erl
ea
ved
D
C/D
C
b
oost
c
onverter
The
In
te
rleave
d
ty
pe
of
DC/DC
Bo
os
t
c
on
ver
te
r
c
on
ta
ins
two
in
div
i
du
a
l
DC/DC
b
oos
t
conve
rter
s
coupled
in
paral
le
l
.
This
ty
pe
can
pro
vid
e
bette
r
pe
rfo
rm
ance
wh
il
e
co
m
par
ing
with
conve
ntion
al
DC/DC
boos
t
co
nverte
r.
It
prom
ise
d
fo
r
im
pr
oved
e
f
fici
ency,
dec
re
ased
siz
e,
le
sse
r
TH
D
a
nd
bette
r
reli
abili
ty
.
360/
n
is
the
ph
ase
s
hi
fting
di
ff
e
ren
c
e
us
ed
for
firi
ng
the
tw
o
pow
er
switc
hes
[24].
Here
n
de
note
s
the
total
num
ber
of D
C/
DC
bo
ost
conv
e
rters c
onnected
in pa
rall
el
. F
ig
ur
e
4 show
s the
pr
opose
d DC/
DC
powe
r
c
onver
t
er.
The
co
nverter
unde
r
stud
y
is
functi
onin
g
in
Con
ti
nu
ou
s
Co
nductio
n
Mo
de
,
CC
M
that
ca
us
e
re
du
ce
d
input
pea
k
cu
r
ren
t
a
nd
c
onduct
ion
loss
.
I
nput
c
urre
nt
of
the
I
nterlea
ved
DC/DC
B
oost
powe
r
c
onve
r
te
r
be
the
a
dd
it
io
n
of
two
in
duct
or
c
urren
ts
an
d
has
the
phase
s
hift
ed
dif
fer
e
nce
of
180°,
it
le
ads
to
decr
e
ased
inpu
t
current
rip
ple
[
25
]
.
I
nducto
r Val
ue
is give
n by
(
5
)
=
×
∆
ℎ
×
(5)
Ca
pacit
or
Val
ue
is
gi
ven b
y
(
6
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
4
,
A
ugus
t
2020
:
3423
-
3430
3426
=
×
×
∆
×
(6)
Figure
4. Ci
rcui
t
d
ia
gr
am
o
f
i
nterleave
d
b
oost
c
onve
rter
3.
RESU
LT
S
A
ND D
I
SCUS
S
ION
S
The
softwa
re
si
m
ulati
on
of
pro
po
se
d
so
la
r
based
interl
e
aved
DC/DC
boos
t
powe
r
conve
rter
is
sh
ow
n
in
F
ig
ure
5.
A
n
un
regu
la
te
d
DC
s
uppl
y
vo
lt
age
is
gi
ven
as
the
i
nput
.
DC/DC
pow
er
co
nverter
is
us
e
d
to
co
nv
e
rt
unr
egu
la
te
d
DC
input
to
co
ntr
ol
le
d
DC
outp
ut.
The
I
nterleav
ed
Bo
os
t
co
nverter
com
pr
ise
s
of
t
w
o
DC/DC
boos
t
powe
r
conve
rters
that
are
co
up
le
d
with
eac
h
oth
e
r.
T
he
conve
rter
us
es
t
wo
MO
SFET
powe
r
switc
hes,
tw
o
nu
m
ber
s
of
in
du
ct
or
s
,
tw
o
num
ber
s
of
diodes,
sin
gle
cap
aci
tor
a
nd
resi
sti
ve
loa
d.
T
he
so
la
r
pan
el
has
bee
n
desi
gn
e
d
for
t
he
pro
po
se
d
boos
t
co
nverter
s
base
d
on
th
e
basic
pr
i
ncipl
e
of
P
V
pa
nel
desig
n.
The
s
olar
pa
ne
l
desig
n
is
give
n
by
the
sim
u
la
ti
on
de
picte
d
in
Fi
gure
6.
T
he
powe
r
a
nd
current
a
re
il
lu
strat
ed
in Figu
res 7 a
nd
8 resp
ect
ivel
y.
Figure
5.
S
im
ulati
on
of i
nterl
eaved b
oost
c
onve
rter
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
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20
88
-
8708
Perf
orma
nce
E
nhanceme
nt
of
DC/DC C
on
ve
rte
rs for S
ola
r
Powere
d
EV
(
S. Na
gara
j
)
3427
Figure
6. Sim
ulati
on
of s
olar
pan
el
Figure
7.
V
oltage
of so
la
r pan
el
Figure
8.
C
urre
nt of sola
r
p
a
ne
l
=
×
×
(
1
−
)
(7)
ℎ
(
)
=
(
1
+
2
)
×
×
2
×
(8)
=
2
×
×
(9)
=
+
(10)
The
sim
ulati
on
of
in
duct
or
current,
di
od
e
current
a
nd
o
utput
volt
age
are
desc
ribe
d
in
F
ig
ur
e
9
.
Starti
ng
the
di
od
e
c
urren
t
is
40
A
in
am
plit
ud
e
then
f
rom
0.
002
seco
nds
to
0.0
039
s
econds
5
A
current
flo
wing
thr
ough
the
ci
rc
uits,
after
0.0
04
the
diode
cu
rr
e
nt
m
ai
ntained
co
ns
ta
nt.
T
he
ou
t
pu
t
vo
lt
age
is
50
V
in
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
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N
:
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8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
4
,
A
ugus
t
2020
:
3423
-
3430
3428
a
m
plit
ud
e.
T
he
ind
uc
tor
c
urre
nt
al
so
hi
gh
in
sta
rting
the
n
it
is
red
uce
d
to
10
A.
T
he
puls
es
for
the
pro
pose
d
conve
rter a
re ill
us
trat
ed
i
n
F
i
gure
10
.
The
sim
ulati
o
n
of
fu
ll
co
nverter
trans
f
or
m
er
outp
ut
vo
lt
a
ge
is
descr
i
be
d
in
F
ig
ur
e
11
.
The
outp
ut
vo
lt
age
is
50
V
in
am
plit
ude
after
the
t
ra
ns
f
or
m
e
r.
T
he
inducto
r
cu
rrent
an
d
diode
current
a
re
il
lustrate
d
in
F
ig
ure
12
.
The
sim
ulati
on
of
inte
rleave
d
boost
co
nvert
er
ou
t
pu
t
volt
age
,
i
nduct
or
c
urren
t,
di
od
e
c
urren
t
and
a
re
desc
ri
bed
i
n
F
ig
ur
e
s
13
a
nd
14
res
pecti
vely
.
T
he
dio
de
an
d
inducto
r
cu
rr
e
nt
are
4
A
i
n
am
p
li
tud
e
.
Table
1
,
r
ep
hrases
the
s
witc
hing
los
ses,
i
nduct
or
l
os
ses
,
diode
los
ses,
t
otal
losses
a
nd
ef
fici
ency
of
each
conve
rter. It ca
n be
no
ti
ced
th
at
the bo
os
t co
nv
e
rter
has
t
he l
arg
est
in
duct
or loss
am
on
g
al
l du
e
to
t
he
in
duct
or
us
e
d.
This
in
duct
ance
value
can
be
r
ed
uce
d
by
increasin
g
the
switc
hing
f
reque
ncy
of
th
e
conver
te
r.
We
can
no
ti
ce
that
t
he
best
e
ntra
nt
f
or
t
he
a
pp
li
ca
ti
on
is
the
I
nt
erleavin
g
boost
topolo
gy
w
hi
ch
has
the
hi
gh
e
r
eff
ic
ie
ncy
a
nd
lowe
r
t
otal
lo
sses.
We
ca
n
al
so
no
ti
ce
tha
t
eff
ic
ie
ncy
of
f
ull
br
i
dge
is
lowe
st
due
t
he
high
losses
cal
culat
ed.
Bo
os
t
c
onve
rter
is
in
the
m
idd
le
i.e.
it
s
eff
ic
ie
ncy
is
gr
eat
er
than
fu
ll
br
i
dg
e
a
nd
l
ower
than
interl
eave
d
sim
il
arly
g
oes wit
h
lo
sses.
The
param
et
ers
are depict
ed
i
n
Ta
ble 2
.
Table
1.
Para
m
et
ers
of
pro
pos
ed researc
h w
ork
DC
-
DC CO
NVER
TE
R
Vin
INDUC
TOR
(L)
CAPAC
IT
OR
(C)
RESIS
TOR
(R)
SW
I
TCHI
NG
FREQU
ENCY
(f
)
DUTY
CYC
LE
(D)
(Vou
t)
BOOST
12V
144e
-
6
130e
-
6
2
3
.04
2
5
k
Hz
0
.75
4
5
.1
FULL
BRIDG
E
B
OOST
12V
202e
-
6
50e
-
6
2
3
.04
2
5
k
Hz
0
.75
4
6
.48
INT
ERLE
AVE
D
BOOST
12V
6
.75
e
-
3
95e
-
6
2
3
.04
2
k
Hz
0
.75
4
7
.24
Figure
9. Sim
ulati
on
res
ults
grap
hs
of in
duct
or
current,
d
i
od
e
current,
pulse
gen
e
rato
r,
ou
t
pu
t
volt
age
Figure
10. Si
m
ulate
d gr
a
phs
of
pu
lse
ge
ner
at
or
s
Figure
11.
Sim
ulate
d
gr
a
phs
of
pr
im
ary and
seco
nd
a
ry side
s of tra
nsfo
rm
e
r,
outp
ut volt
ag
e
Figure
12. Si
m
ulate
d
g
ra
phs
of
i
nd
uctor cu
rrent,
d
io
de 1
c
urren
t
,
d
i
od
e
2
c
urre
nt
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Perf
orma
nce
E
nhanceme
nt
of
DC/DC C
on
ve
rte
rs for S
ola
r
Powere
d
EV
(
S. Na
gara
j
)
3429
Figure
13. Si
m
ulate
d
g
ra
phs
of
o
ut
pu
t
volt
ag
e,
pu
lse
1,
pu
lse
2
Figure
14. Si
m
ulate
d gr
a
phs
of
i
nd
uctor 1 cu
rr
e
nt,
inducto
r 2 c
urr
ent,
d
io
de 1
c
urre
nt,
diode
2
c
urren
t
Table
2.
Per
for
m
ance co
m
par
ison o
f dif
fer
e
nt
co
nve
rtet
s
Co
n
v
erter
s
Switch
in
g
Los
s
(W)
Ind
u
cto
r
Los
s
(W)
Co
n
d
u
ctio
n
Los
s
(W)
Dio
d
e L
o
ss
(W)
Total Los
ses
(W)
Ef
f
icien
cy
Bo
o
st
3
.9
2
.29
0
.28
6
9
6
.5
13
8
7
.26
%
Fu
ll Bridg
e Bo
o
st
4
.53
8
1
.01
8
5
0
.03
0
1
6
.29
3
1
1
.96
9
6
8
8
.67
%
Interleaved
Bo
o
st
1
.91
8
8
0
.70
1
6
0
.03
1
0
6
.27
3
8
.92
4
4
9
1
.5%
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
This
a
rtic
le
co
m
par
at
ively
st
ud
ie
s
the
t
hr
ee
dif
fer
e
nt
ty
pe
s
of
s
olar
pa
ne
l
base
d
c
hoppe
r
to
polo
gies
(Bi
-
directi
on
al
DC/DC
pow
er
co
nv
e
rter,
interl
eave
d
co
nv
e
rter
an
d
Fu
ll
-
br
id
ge
c
onve
rter
)
.
I
nter
le
ave
conve
rter
en
ha
nce
the
curre
nt
ta
ken
from
t
he
so
la
r
pa
nel,
pr
om
ise
d
very
le
ss
po
wer
losses
an
d
im
p
rove
d
ou
t
pu
t
ef
fici
en
cy
co
m
p
ared
to
al
l
oth
er
co
nventio
nal
m
e
tho
ds.
It
al
so
ha
s
the
capab
il
it
y
of
gen
e
rati
ng
high
ste
p
up
outp
ut
vo
lt
age
.
Sim
ulati
on
s
res
ults
shows
bi
-
dir
ect
ion
al
so
la
r
base
d
interl
ea
ved
pro
posed
powe
r
conve
rter
has b
een
a
bette
r
c
hoic
e to t
he
PV
app
li
cat
io
n.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
K.
Dhineshkum
ar
and
C
.
Subra
m
ani
,
“
Kalman
Filt
er
Algor
it
hm
for
Miti
ga
ti
on
of
Pow
er
S
y
ste
m
,
”
Inte
rnation
al
Journal
of
Elec
t
rical
and
Computer
Eng
ine
ering
(
IJE
CE)
,
vol. 8,
no.
2
,
pp
.
771
-
7
79,
2018
.
[2]
Muham
m
ad
Ali
Raz
a
Anjum
.
,
“
A
New
Approac
h
to
Adapti
ve
Signal
Proce
ss
ing
,
”
I
ndonesian
Jo
urnal
of
El
ec
tri
c
al
Engi
ne
ering
and
I
nformatic
s
(
IJ
EE
CS)
,
vol
.
3
,
n
o.
2
,
pp
.
93
-
108
,
2015
[3]
Sengamala
i
,
U.
,
Chinna
m
uthu,
S
.
,
“
An
exp
eri
m
e
nta
l
f
ault
an
aly
s
is
and
spe
ed
co
ntrol
of
an
indu
ct
ion
m
otor
using
m
otor
solver,”
J.
Elec
tr
.
Eng
.
Te
c
hnol
,
vo
l. 12, pp. 761
-
768
,
2017.
[4]
Subotic
,
I
.
,
Bod
o,
N.
,
L
evi
,
E
.
,
“
Single
-
phase
on
-
boar
d
int
egr
ated
bat
te
r
y
cha
rg
ers
for
EVs
base
d
on
quina
r
y
ph
ase
m
ac
hine
s,”
IE
E
E
Tr
ans.
Powe
r
El
e
ct
ron
,
vol. 31
,
pp
.
6511
-
6522
,
20
16.
[5]
Krithi
ka
V
.
and
Subram
ani
C
.
,
“
A
comprehe
nsive
rev
i
ew
on
c
hoic
e
of
h
y
brid
vehi
c
le
s
and
p
ower
conve
r
te
rs
,
cont
rol
strategi
e
s for
h
y
brid
elec
t
ric
v
ehi
c
le
s,
”
In
t
J
.
En
ergy
Re
s
.
,
vol.
42
,
pp
.
1789
-
1812,
2018
.
[6]
Gee
tha
A
.
and
Subram
ani
C
.
,
“
A
comprehe
nsive
rev
ie
w
on
en
erg
y
m
ana
g
ement
strategie
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ct
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C
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El
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m
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f
a
Nonisolat
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Convert
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