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f
a
n
et
w
o
r
k
b
y
m
i
n
i
m
izi
n
g
t
h
e
R
C
(
R
e
s
o
u
r
ce
C
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
)
o
f
t
h
e
n
o
d
es
[
8
]
.
W
h
ile
m
a
x
i
m
izi
n
g
th
e
l
if
e
ti
m
e
o
f
a
n
et
w
o
r
k
,
th
er
e
is
a
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
t
h
at
D
AP
(
Data
A
g
g
r
e
g
atio
n
P
r
o
to
co
ls
)
m
i
g
h
t
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
Qo
S
m
et
r
ics
in
W
S
N,
th
e
s
e
in
cl
u
d
es
ab
s
o
lu
te
d
ata,
late
n
c
y
,
s
ec
u
r
it
y
a
n
d
f
a
u
lt
-
to
ler
a
n
ce
.
Hen
ce
d
esi
g
n
i
n
g
,
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
an
d
m
ai
n
tai
n
in
g
th
e
E
D
A
(
E
f
f
icie
n
t
Data
Ag
g
r
eg
atio
n
)
is
e
m
in
e
n
t
.
I
n
v
ar
io
u
s
ap
p
licatio
n
,
t
h
e
d
ata
ag
g
r
eg
atio
n
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
a
n
d
b
asic
o
p
er
atio
n
to
g
at
h
er
th
e
e
m
i
n
en
t
d
ata
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
j
u
s
t
li
k
e
th
e
o
t
h
er
W
SNs
p
r
o
to
co
l,
ev
en
t
h
e
D
A
s
h
o
u
ld
s
ati
s
f
y
t
h
e
cr
iter
ia
o
f
s
ec
u
r
it
y
.
W
SNs
ar
e
v
er
y
m
u
ch
v
u
l
n
er
ab
le
d
u
e
to
t
h
eir
n
at
u
r
e
o
f
b
ein
g
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
t
a
n
d
w
ir
ele
s
s
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
p
er
ty
m
a
k
es
th
e
id
ea
l
m
e
d
iu
m
f
o
r
t
h
e
attac
k
er
to
a
ttack
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
b
ec
o
m
e
s
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
licated
an
d
p
er
p
lex
ed
,
w
h
e
n
t
h
is
o
cc
u
r
s
in
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
o
n
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
ac
h
i
ev
e
th
e
s
ec
u
r
e
d
ata
ag
g
r
eg
atio
n
(
SD
A
)
,
v
ar
io
u
s
cr
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
ic
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
u
s
e
d
s
u
c
h
as
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
an
d
as
y
m
m
etr
ic
k
e
y
cr
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
y
[
9
]
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
s
o
f
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
,
m
o
s
tl
y
SK
C
(
Sy
m
m
etr
ic
k
e
y
cr
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
y
)
is
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
o
v
er
th
e
A
S
KC
(
A
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
k
e
y
cr
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
y
)
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
t
h
es
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
r
eq
u
ir
es
ei
th
er
t
h
e
tr
u
s
t
w
o
r
th
y
a
u
t
h
o
r
it
y
o
r
t
h
e
k
e
y
s
tec
h
n
iq
u
e.
T
o
ap
p
ly
th
e
ab
o
v
e
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
th
e
lar
g
e
W
SN
is
n
o
t
at
all
d
esira
b
le
s
i
n
ce
i
t
i
s
v
er
y
m
u
c
h
co
m
p
l
icate
d
an
d
ex
p
en
s
iv
e
as
w
ell.
Hen
ce
,
it i
s
ess
e
n
tial to
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
s
ec
u
r
e
d
ata
ag
g
r
eg
at
io
n
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
SD
A
,
w
e
h
a
v
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
al
g
o
r
ith
m
E
f
f
icie
n
t
-
C
SD
A
(
C
o
n
s
en
s
u
s
b
ase
d
s
ec
u
r
e
d
ata
ag
g
r
eg
at
io
n
)
.
Her
e
b
y
ta
k
i
n
g
th
e
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
o
f
t
w
o
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
w
e
d
esi
g
n
o
u
r
E
f
f
icie
n
t
-
C
SD
A
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
First
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
i
s
m
o
n
i
to
r
in
g
t
h
e
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
n
o
d
e
an
d
s
e
co
n
d
is
ex
p
an
s
io
n
o
f
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
.
Ou
r
s
ch
e
m
e
is
d
ev
elo
p
ed
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
A
-
C
F
A
(
A
b
s
o
l
u
te
C
o
llis
io
n
Fre
e
ag
g
r
e
g
atio
n
)
as
w
ell
as
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
D
A
D
(
Data
Ag
g
r
e
g
atio
n
Dela
y
)
.
T
h
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
r
esear
ch
is
o
r
g
an
ized
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
I
n
S
ec
tio
n
2
w
e
b
r
ief
l
y
d
i
s
cu
s
s
ab
o
u
t
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
wo
r
k
in
d
ata
ag
g
r
eg
a
tio
n
w
h
e
r
ea
s
S
ec
tio
n
3
is
all
ab
o
u
t
th
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
th
is
r
esear
c
h
w
h
er
ea
s
S
ec
tio
n
4
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
,
s
i
m
ilar
l
y
S
ec
t
io
n
4
p
r
es
en
ts
r
es
u
lt a
n
d
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
an
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
w
ith
t
h
e
e
x
is
ti
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
.
W
e
co
n
cl
u
d
e
o
u
r
r
esear
ch
last
s
ec
t
io
n
.
2.
RE
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
Data
ag
g
r
eg
atio
n
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
e
m
i
n
en
t
o
p
er
atio
n
i
n
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
;
h
e
n
ce
,
i
n
th
e
l
ast
d
ec
ad
e
th
er
e
h
a
s
b
ee
n
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
ef
f
o
r
t
to
lo
o
k
in
to
t
h
e
s
ec
u
r
e
d
ata
ag
g
r
e
g
atio
n
.
A
t
f
ir
s
t
th
e
f
i
x
e
d
C
B
A
(
C
l
u
s
ter
in
g
B
ased
A
p
p
r
o
ac
h
)
is
d
escr
ib
ed
w
h
ich
e
m
p
lo
y
s
t
h
e
d
ata
ag
g
r
eg
atio
n
,
th
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
w
as
to
p
r
o
lo
n
g
lif
e
o
f
s
en
s
o
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
[
1
0
]
.
Her
e,
t
h
e
D
A
(
Data
ag
g
r
e
g
ati
o
n
)
is
d
o
n
e
at
t
w
o
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
lev
el
s
,
b
o
th
o
f
th
e
m
u
s
es
th
e
v
ir
t
u
al
b
ac
k
b
o
n
e.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
lif
eti
m
e
o
f
a
n
et
w
o
r
k
,
t
w
o
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ar
e
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
n
a
m
el
y
ex
ac
t
a
n
d
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
ate.
T
h
ese
t
w
o
alg
o
r
it
h
m
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
s
elec
tin
g
t
h
e
m
as
ter
ag
g
r
eg
a
to
r
.
A
p
ar
t
f
r
o
m
b
ei
n
g
s
ca
lab
le
as
w
ell
a
s
f
as
ter
,
th
e
AA
(
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
ate
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
)
g
iv
es
th
e
o
u
tco
m
e,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
n
e
ar
er
to
th
e
o
p
ti
m
al
s
o
lu
tio
n
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
b
o
th
o
f
t
h
e
alg
o
r
it
h
m
w
as
ap
p
licab
le
o
n
l
y
f
o
r
th
e
ce
r
tain
t
y
p
e
o
f
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
T
o
g
et
r
id
o
f
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
is
s
u
e,
a
n
o
v
e
l
D
W
S
(
Dete
r
m
i
n
i
s
tic
W
ei
g
h
ted
Sa
m
p
li
n
g
)
al
g
o
r
ith
m
i
s
p
r
ese
n
ted
.
DW
S
is
s
i
m
p
le
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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&
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8
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S
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C
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(
S
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4891
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r
an
d
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m
n
et
w
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r
k
to
p
o
lo
g
y
[
1
1
]
,
m
o
r
eo
v
er
it
is
d
o
n
e
b
y
in
tr
o
d
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DW
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alg
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tr
ies
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all
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s
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th
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s
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d
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b
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n
ab
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cr
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(
F
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m
p
le)
.
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w
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v
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th
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p
r
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b
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it
h
DW
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w
as
t
h
at
th
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co
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Ag
g
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tr
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r
e)
ca
u
s
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h
e
d
r
ast
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e
f
f
ec
ts
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L
ater
,
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
ac
h
i
ev
e
t
h
e
E
E
A
(
E
n
er
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y
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f
f
ic
ie
n
t
Ag
g
r
eg
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)
in
W
SN,
an
al
g
o
r
ith
m
b
ased
o
n
th
e
w
ei
g
h
ted
av
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e
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an
d
f
u
zz
y
n
u
m
b
er
s
i
s
p
r
esen
ted
[
1
2
]
.
Her
e,
th
e
j
o
b
o
f
alg
o
r
ith
m
w
a
s
to
m
in
i
m
ize
th
e
m
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s
ag
e
s
e
n
t
an
d
th
e
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
r
ec
eiv
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w
it
h
o
u
t
in
f
l
u
en
c
in
g
th
e
A
E
Q
(
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g
r
e
g
ate
E
s
ti
m
a
tio
n
q
u
alit
y
)
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
w
h
ile
p
er
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
t
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
t
h
e
r
atio
w
as
n
o
t
m
ai
n
tai
n
ed
in
id
ea
l
m
a
n
n
er
,
t
h
is
af
f
ec
ted
t
h
e
lif
e
ti
m
e
o
f
W
SN,
an
d
h
e
n
ce
i
n
t
h
i
s
ca
s
e
t
h
e
lif
e
ti
m
e
o
f
W
SN
w
a
s
v
er
y
le
s
s
.
later
,
th
e
r
ese
ar
ch
er
h
as
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
s
ch
e
m
e
o
f
SD
A
(
Secu
r
e
Data
Ag
g
r
eg
atio
n
)
i.e
.
clu
s
ter
b
ased
in
W
SN.
A
t
f
ir
s
t,
th
e
C
H
ar
e
ch
o
s
en
b
ased
o
n
th
e
co
n
n
ec
t
iv
i
t
y
o
f
th
e
g
i
v
en
,
t
h
ese
n
o
d
es
ac
t
as
a
Data
ag
g
r
e
g
ato
r
.
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ater
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t
h
e
cl
u
s
ter
i
n
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r
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ce
s
s
tak
e
s
p
lace
s
a
n
d
it
u
s
e
s
th
e
g
e
n
etic
al
g
o
r
ith
m
.
W
h
en
e
v
er
an
y
cl
u
s
ter
m
e
m
b
er
w
a
n
t
s
to
tr
an
s
f
er
t
h
e
d
ata,
DE
(
Data
E
n
cr
y
p
tio
n
)
i
s
u
t
ilized
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
it
r
eq
u
ir
es
lar
g
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
en
er
g
y
an
d
f
a
ils
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
s
atis
f
ac
to
r
y
s
ec
u
r
it
y
[
1
3
]
.
I
n
[
1
4
]
,
SP
P
DA
Sch
e
m
e
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
m
o
n
ito
r
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
an
d
s
ec
u
r
e
t
h
e
p
r
iv
ate
d
ata
a
s
w
ell,
t
h
i
s
w
a
s
m
ai
n
l
y
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
b
i
lin
ea
r
p
air
i
n
g
.
T
h
i
s
s
y
s
te
m
w
a
s
d
esi
g
n
ed
to
m
o
n
ito
r
t
h
e
h
ea
lt
h
s
y
s
te
m
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
is
e
a
g
g
r
e
g
atio
n
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
a
n
d
s
ec
u
r
e
t
h
e
d
ata;
h
e
n
ce
th
is
r
esear
c
h
f
o
r
m
a
lizes
t
h
e
s
ec
u
r
it
y
m
o
d
e
l
as
w
ell
as
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
el.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
u
s
es
th
e
co
m
b
i
n
ati
o
n
o
f
ag
g
r
e
g
ate
s
ig
n
at
u
r
e
an
d
B
ilin
ea
r
E
I
Gam
al
cr
y
p
to
s
y
s
te
m
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
is
m
o
d
el
h
a
s
h
i
g
h
co
m
p
u
tati
o
n
al
as
w
el
l
as
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
o
v
er
h
ea
d
.
T
o
im
p
r
o
v
is
e
t
h
e
C
O(
C
o
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
o
v
er
h
ea
d
)
an
d
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
o
v
er
h
ea
d
a
n
e
f
f
icie
n
t
as
w
ell
a
s
s
ec
u
r
e
m
o
d
el
i
s
p
r
esen
ted
[
1
5
]
,
th
is
m
o
d
el
w
as
m
ai
n
l
y
b
ased
o
n
th
e
E
C
C
(
E
llip
tical
C
u
r
v
e
C
r
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
y
)
.
T
h
is
s
ch
e
m
e
p
r
o
v
id
es
f
air
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
s
ec
u
r
it
y
an
d
e
f
f
icien
c
y
a
n
d
tr
ies
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
t
h
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
p
r
eser
v
atio
n
f
o
r
ev
er
y
d
ata.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
in
[
1
6
]
,
alo
n
g
w
it
h
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
o
f
s
ec
u
r
it
y
as
w
ell
as
th
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
co
n
ce
r
n
t
h
e
s
e
v
er
al
m
o
d
el
is
co
m
p
ar
ed
.
B
y
ta
k
i
n
g
t
h
e
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
e
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
s
ch
e
m
e
s
,
a
n
e
w
s
c
h
e
m
e
i
s
i
n
t
r
o
d
u
ce
d
alo
n
g
w
it
h
th
e
f
a
u
lt
to
ler
an
ce
s
ch
e
m
e.
T
h
is
s
c
h
e
m
e
ai
m
s
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
s
ec
u
r
it
y
alo
n
g
w
it
h
th
e
m
i
n
i
m
a
l
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
w
it
h
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
He
n
ce
,
a
n
e
w
e
f
f
ici
en
t
m
et
h
o
d
n
a
m
ed
L
ap
lace
D
L
P
A
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
is
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
;
th
i
s
in
ter
m
s
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
th
e
lo
w
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
r
e
d
u
n
d
an
t
n
o
is
e.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
th
e
s
ec
u
r
i
t
y
s
c
h
e
m
e
s
as
w
ell
a
s
p
r
iv
ac
y
m
ec
h
an
is
m
ar
e
o
n
l
y
o
n
t
h
e
li
m
ited
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
Her
e,
a
L
P
P
(
L
ig
h
t
w
e
ig
h
t
P
r
iv
ac
y
P
r
eser
v
i
n
g
)
d
ata
Ag
g
r
e
g
atio
n
also
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
L
P
DA
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
f
o
g
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
[
1
7
]
.
L
P
D
A
h
e
lp
s
in
f
i
lter
in
g
th
e
f
alse
d
ata
th
at
ar
e
in
j
ec
ted
b
y
th
e
ex
ter
n
al
attac
k
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
e
f
f
icie
n
t
ag
g
r
e
g
a
te
h
y
b
r
id
I
o
T
d
ev
ice
an
d
f
au
l
t
to
ler
an
ce
.
T
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
is
l
ig
h
t
w
ei
g
h
t
i
n
b
o
th
i.e
.
co
m
p
u
tat
io
n
co
s
t
s
as
w
ell
as
C
o
(
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
O
v
er
h
ea
d
)
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
it
w
as
l
i
m
ited
f
o
r
th
e
ce
r
tain
d
ev
ices.
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
i
s
d
esi
g
n
ed
to
co
m
p
u
te
t
h
e
ag
g
r
e
g
at
es
s
u
c
h
as
s
u
m
an
d
co
u
n
t,
th
i
s
en
ab
les
th
e
B
S
f
o
r
th
e
v
er
if
icat
io
n
i
n
ca
s
e
if
co
m
p
u
ted
ag
g
r
eg
ate
i
s
v
alid
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
k
n
o
w
n
as
v
er
i
f
icatio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
m
ain
i
n
ten
t
io
n
h
er
e
i
s
to
m
i
n
i
m
ize
t
h
e
C
O
(
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tio
n
O
v
er
h
ea
d
)
an
d
la
ter
th
e
co
r
r
ec
tn
ess
i
s
v
er
i
f
ied
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
s
av
e
th
e
i
n
ter
n
al
attac
k
[
1
9
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
m
et
h
o
d
n
a
m
el
y
P
2
DA
t
h
at
i
s
c
ap
ab
le
o
f
th
w
ar
ti
n
g
in
ter
n
al
a
ttack
s
f
o
r
th
e
g
i
v
en
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
d
escr
ib
ed
s
c
h
e
m
e
in
t
h
i
s
r
esear
c
h
pr
o
v
id
es
th
e
s
ec
u
r
it
y
as
w
ell
a
s
tr
ies
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
th
e
lo
w
er
C
C
(
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
C
o
s
ts
)
o
th
er
m
et
h
o
d
s
h
a
v
e
also
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
p
r
o
tect
th
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
an
d
e
n
s
u
r
e
th
e
s
ec
u
r
it
y
s
u
c
h
as Fan
e
t a
l
.
[
2
0
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
DA
s
ch
e
m
e
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
m
iti
g
ate
t
h
e
i
n
ter
n
al
attac
k
s
.
Ho
w
e
v
e
r
,
t
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
h
a
s
th
e
w
ea
k
s
ec
u
r
it
y
.
He
n
ce
,
to
en
h
a
n
ce
t
h
i
s
[
2
1
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
s
ch
e
m
e,
w
h
ic
h
u
s
es
t
h
e
b
ili
n
ea
r
p
air
i
n
g
,
b
u
t
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
t
h
i
s
m
et
h
o
d
w
as
n
o
t
u
p
to
th
e
m
ar
k
.
3.
CO
NT
RIB
U
T
I
O
N
O
F
T
H
I
S
RE
S
E
ARCH
SD
A
(
Sec
u
r
e
Data
Ag
g
r
eg
at
io
n
)
h
a
s
b
ee
n
ad
d
r
ess
e
d
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
cr
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
ic
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
m
ai
n
l
y
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
ac
h
iev
in
g
th
e
ad
d
iti
v
e
ag
g
r
eg
atio
n
.
C
o
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
o
u
r
r
esear
ch
is
p
o
in
ted
o
u
t b
elo
w
.
a.
T
h
e
ag
g
r
eg
atio
n
g
o
al
i
s
o
b
tain
ed
in
a
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
w
a
y
.
b.
T
h
e
in
itial
s
tate
o
f
th
e
g
i
v
en
n
o
d
e
i
s
k
ep
t
p
r
iv
a
te
i.e
.
n
o
t
s
h
ar
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
o
th
er
s
,
w
h
ic
h
i
n
clu
d
e
s
th
e
ag
g
r
eg
a
to
r
as
w
el
l a
s
th
e
n
eig
h
b
o
r
s
.
c.
T
h
e
last
an
d
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
e
m
i
n
en
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
t
h
is
p
ap
er
is
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
C
o
m
p
u
tati
o
n
as
w
el
l
a
s
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
co
s
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
9
:
4
8
8
9
-
4
8
9
7
4892
4.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
4
.
1
.
Sy
s
t
e
m
m
o
dell
i
ng
I
n
t
h
is
a
n
et
w
o
r
k
m
o
d
el
i
s
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
g
i
v
e
n
n
o
d
es
ar
e
o
r
g
an
ized
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
clu
s
ter
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
[
2
2
]
.
I
n
o
u
r
s
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
el,
w
e
h
a
v
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
s
i
n
g
le
co
n
n
ec
ted
clu
s
ter
alo
n
g
w
it
h
s
e
v
er
al
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
n
o
d
es,
t
h
e
m
ain
r
ea
s
o
n
b
e
h
in
d
d
es
ig
n
i
n
g
th
i
s
m
o
d
el
is
to
g
ath
er
t
h
e
s
en
s
ed
d
ata
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
s
en
s
i
n
g
n
o
d
es.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
m
ak
e
it
m
o
r
e
f
lex
ib
le
w
e
h
a
v
e
co
n
s
t
r
u
cted
an
o
v
er
la
y
n
et
w
o
r
k
w
h
er
e
t
w
o
n
o
d
es
ca
n
co
m
m
u
n
icate
(
i.e
.
ex
ch
a
n
g
i
n
g
th
e
d
ata)
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
m
s
el
v
e
s
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
e
d
o
v
er
la
y
n
et
w
o
r
k
i
s
m
o
d
eled
as
th
e
u
n
d
ir
ec
ted
g
r
ap
h
.
L
et
’
s
co
n
s
id
er
an
y
u
n
d
ir
ec
ted
g
r
ap
h
=
(
,
)
,
w
h
er
e
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
n
o
d
e
s
et
an
d
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
ed
g
es (
li
n
k
)
a
n
d
b
e
th
e
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
s
et
o
f
g
i
v
en
n
o
d
e
.
L
et
(
0
)
b
e
th
e
in
itial
s
tate
o
f
an
y
g
i
v
en
n
o
d
e
in
th
e
g
i
v
en
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
,
t
h
is
i
n
itial
s
tate
r
ep
r
es
en
ts
th
e
p
r
iv
a
te
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
ea
ch
m
o
d
e.
I
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o
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ith
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ased
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e
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as
e
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u
r
e
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r
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m
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t
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o
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elo
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i.e
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q
u
atio
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1
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p
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e
n
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ed
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ated
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ax
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,
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−
∑
∈
=
0
,
ℎ
(
3
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
S
ec
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d
a
ta
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a
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4893
T
h
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(
3
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ca
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d
is
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a
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(
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ep
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n
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4
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ies a,
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3
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h
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tio
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o
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t
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y
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e
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s
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e
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f
u
r
th
er
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g
r
eg
a
tio
n
.
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n
o
r
d
er
to
e
n
s
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s
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it
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t
h
e
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r
k
h
as
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m
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ed
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ar
ticu
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u
id
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e
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esig
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f
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ito
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g
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e
n
o
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es,
th
is
i
n
ter
m
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id
en
ti
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if
t
h
er
e
is
an
y
m
is
co
n
d
u
ct
f
o
u
n
d
.
4
.
4
.
M
o
nito
ring
t
he
no
des
a
cc
o
r
din
g
t
o
t
he
des
ig
ned g
uid
eli
n
es
Di
m
e
n
s
io
n
ex
p
an
s
io
n
i
s
u
s
ed
to
m
o
n
ito
r
th
e
co
r
r
u
p
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n
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d
es.
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e
at
f
ir
s
t
th
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n
o
d
es
ar
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p
a
r
ted
in
to
t
w
o
d
is
ti
n
g
u
is
h
p
ar
t
E
q
u
atio
n
(
4
)
an
d
E
q
u
atio
n
(
5
)
an
d
later
alo
n
g
w
it
h
t
h
e
d
is
to
r
tio
n
,
it
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s
en
t
to
th
e
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
n
o
d
es.
1
(
0
)
=
1
2
(
0
)
+
(
6
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2
(
0
)
=
1
2
(
0
)
−
(
7
)
is
s
elec
ted
as r
an
d
o
m
v
ar
iab
le
f
r
o
m
0
<
Y
<
1
.
4
.
5
.
M
o
nito
ring
t
hro
ug
h t
he
neig
hb
o
r
no
de
T
h
is
is
an
o
t
h
er
w
a
y
o
f
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
t
h
e
co
r
r
u
p
t
n
o
d
es;
h
er
e
t
h
e
ag
g
r
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g
ato
r
r
eq
u
est
s
t
h
e
an
y
p
ar
ticu
lar
n
o
d
e
to
m
o
n
ito
r
th
e
n
e
ig
h
b
o
r
in
g
n
o
d
e
at
an
y
ti
m
e.
Ho
w
ev
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in
o
r
d
er
to
m
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n
ito
r
f
e
w
c
o
n
d
itio
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h
as
to
b
e
s
atis
f
y
.
C
o
n
d
itio
n
1
:
|
(
)
|
≤
1
2
,
ℎ
(
)
is
co
m
p
u
ted
b
y
(
)
=
+
(
)
−
[
+
(
−
1
)
+
∑
∈
+
(
−
1
)
]
(
8
)
An
d
is
co
m
p
u
ted
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
E
q
u
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n
(
3
)
f
o
r
∈
+
.
C
o
n
d
itio
n
2
:
+
(
0
)
−
̂
(
0
)
≤
5
4
α
I
f
th
e
ab
o
v
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ati
s
f
ies
,
th
en
t
h
e
n
o
d
e
j
is
e
ls
e
th
e
n
o
d
e
j is v
ie
w
ed
as th
e
co
r
r
u
p
t n
o
d
e.
C
o
n
d
itio
n
3
:
+
(
0
)
2
−
+
(
0
)
≤
5
4
4
.
6
.
E
f
f
icient
-
CSDA
(
Co
ns
e
ns
u
s
ba
s
ed
da
t
a
a
g
g
re
g
a
t
io
n
)
Step
1
:
R
an
d
o
m
_
Vec
to
r
_
Gen
er
atio
n
Step
2
:
in
itial
izatio
n
o
f
1
(
0
)
an
d
2
(
0
)
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
eq
u
atio
n
Step
3
:
in
itial
izatio
n
o
f
+
(
0
)
an
d
+
(
0
)
Step
4
:
v
alu
e_
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
s
tep
3
to
th
eir
n
eig
h
b
o
r
Step
5
:
in
ca
s
e
i
f
th
e
g
i
v
en
n
o
d
e
m
is
ch
o
s
en
b
y
a
g
g
r
eg
ato
r
h
i
m
s
e
lf
f
o
r
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
t
h
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n
e
ig
h
b
o
r
in
g
n
o
d
e
n
,
g
i
v
en
d
ata
i
s
f
o
r
m
u
lated
a
n
d
d
en
o
ted
w
i
th
,
,
,
f
o
r
th
e
g
i
v
e
n
v
alu
e
o
f
e=
1
o
r
e=
2
an
d
∈
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
9
:
4
8
8
9
-
4
8
9
7
4894
Step
6
:
s
et
(
0
)
=
(
0
)
Step
7
:
in
itial
izin
g
r
=1
Step
8
:
w
h
ile
r
<M
A
X_
I
T
_
NO
d
o
Step
9
:
if
t
h
e
n
o
d
e
I
is
s
elec
ted
,
th
e
r
e
ce
iv
ed
v
al
u
e
(
−
1
)
,
af
ter
w
ar
d
s
t
h
e
I
S
(
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
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et)
(
−
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is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
n
e
i
g
h
b
o
r
n
o
d
e.
Step
10
:
r
ep
o
r
t_
ag
g
r
eg
ato
r
(
if
th
e
n
o
d
e
is
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
co
r
r
u
p
t)
Step
11
:
u
p
d
atio
n
o
f
(
)
=
+
(
−
1
)
+
∑
∈
+
(
−
1
)
Step
12
:
p
u
t
(
)
=
1
(
)
+
2
(
)
Step
13
:
r
an
d
o
m
_
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
(
)
Step
14
:
s
et
(
)
b
y
f
o
r
m
u
lat
in
g
(
)
=
(
)
−
(
−
1
)
Step
15
:
p
u
t l=
l+1
Step
16
:
en
d
_
w
h
ile_
lo
o
p
I
n
t
h
e
ab
o
v
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
i.e
.
E
f
f
ic
ien
t
-
C
SD
A
(
C
o
n
s
en
s
u
s
b
ased
Sec
u
r
e
Data
ag
g
r
eg
atio
n
)
in
itial
l
y
t
h
e
M
A
X_
I
T
_
NO
(
M
ax
i
m
u
m
iter
atio
n
Nu
m
b
er
)
is
g
iv
e
n
.
5.
RE
SU
L
T
AND
ANA
L
YS
I
S
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el,
o
u
r
al
g
o
r
ith
m
i
s
ev
alu
a
ted
b
y
an
a
l
y
zi
n
g
th
e
r
esu
lt
s
o
b
tain
ed
an
d
later
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
t
h
e
r
esu
l
ts
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
t
h
e
ex
i
s
ti
n
g
al
g
o
r
it
h
m
.
5
.
1
.
Net
w
o
rk
ener
g
y
Net
w
o
r
k
en
er
g
y
i
s
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
p
ar
am
e
ter
th
at
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
o
r
d
er
to
ev
al
u
ate
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
s
i
n
ce
n
et
w
o
r
k
en
er
g
y
h
elp
s
in
i
m
p
r
o
v
in
g
t
h
e
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
.
T
h
e
Fig
u
r
e
3
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
g
r
ap
h
ical
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
e
m
e
.
o
u
r
m
eth
o
d
is
e
v
alu
a
t
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
e
4
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
ce
n
ar
io
i.e
.
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
m
a
licio
u
s
n
o
d
es.
I
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
3,
x
-
ax
is
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
ti
m
e
w
h
er
ea
s
y
-
a
x
i
s
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
ea
d
n
o
d
es.
F
r
o
m
th
e
g
r
ap
h
,
it
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
a
s
th
e
m
al
icio
u
s
n
o
d
es
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
ti
m
e
a
l
s
o
in
cr
ea
s
es a
n
d
ac
co
r
d
in
g
l
y
.
5
.
2
.
Av
er
a
g
e
nu
m
ber
o
f
dea
d no
des
T
h
is
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
u
s
ed
f
o
r
t
h
e
ev
a
lu
at
io
n
o
f
o
u
r
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
a
s
p
r
esen
ted
in
F
i
g
u
r
e
4
.
Her
e,
f
o
u
r
ca
s
e
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
i.e
.
w
h
en
1
0
%,
2
0
%,
3
0
%
an
d
4
0
%
m
alicio
u
s
n
o
d
es
ar
e
in
d
u
ce
d
.
I
n
th
e
Fig
u
r
e
4
,
x
ax
i
s
p
r
esen
t
s
th
e
m
alic
io
u
s
n
o
d
es
an
d
y
a
x
is
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
e
n
er
g
y
u
t
ilized
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
I
n
h
er
e
w
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
th
a
t
as
th
e
m
alic
io
u
s
n
o
d
es
in
cr
ea
s
es,
it
in
cr
e
ases
alo
n
g
w
ith
t
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
av
er
a
g
e
en
er
g
y
u
tili
za
t
io
n
.
I
n
ca
s
e
o
f
1
0
%
m
a
licio
u
s
n
o
d
e,
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
ea
d
n
o
d
e
is
m
o
r
e
t
h
a
n
4
,
w
h
er
ea
s
in
ca
s
e
o
f
2
0
%
m
al
icio
u
s
n
o
d
es
th
e
av
er
ag
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
ea
d
n
o
d
e
is
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
m
alicio
u
s
n
o
d
es.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
w
h
e
n
3
0
%
m
alicio
u
s
n
o
d
es
i
s
in
d
u
ce
d
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
5
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
n
o
d
es
ar
e
d
e
a
d
.
Si
m
ilar
l
y
,
w
h
e
n
4
0
% m
a
licio
u
s
n
o
d
es a
r
e
in
d
u
ce
d
,
in
av
er
ag
e
m
o
r
e
t
h
an
6
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
n
o
d
es a
r
e
d
ea
d
.
5
.
3
.
T
hro
ug
hp
ut
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
is
n
o
t
h
in
g
b
u
t
t
h
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
d
ata
th
at
ar
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
s
u
cc
es
s
f
u
ll
y
,
it
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
k
e
y
p
ar
am
eter
to
ev
al
u
ate
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
o
u
r
al
g
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
F
ig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
ex
is
ti
n
g
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
b
ased
o
n
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
p
ar
a
m
eter
.
T
h
e
x
a
x
is
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
m
al
icio
u
s
n
o
d
es
in
d
u
ce
d
w
h
er
e
as
y
ax
is
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
a
ch
iev
ed
.
As
w
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
t
h
a
t
th
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
m
alicio
u
s
n
o
d
es
r
ed
u
ce
s
t
h
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
m
eth
o
d
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
w
h
e
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
e
x
i
s
ti
n
g
a
n
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
o
u
r
m
et
h
o
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
b
etter
.
W
h
e
n
1
0
%
o
f
m
alicio
u
s
n
o
d
es
ar
e
in
d
u
ce
d
,
th
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
ac
h
ie
v
ed
b
y
t
h
e
e
x
is
t
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
is
0
.
4
8
1
w
h
er
ea
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
is
0
.
5
5
5
.
I
n
ca
s
e
o
f
2
0
%
m
alicio
u
s
n
o
d
es,
t
h
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
ac
h
ie
v
ed
b
y
th
e
ex
is
t
in
g
s
y
s
te
is
0
.
2
7
5
w
h
er
ea
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
g
iv
es
t
h
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
o
f
0
.
3
6
8
5
.
S
i
m
i
lar
l
y
,
w
h
e
n
3
0
%
m
alicio
u
s
n
o
d
es
ar
e
in
d
u
ce
d
,
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
ac
h
ie
v
ed
is
0
.
2
0
5
a
n
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
ac
h
iev
es
th
e
0
.
2
5
0
1
.
A
t
last
w
h
e
n
it
co
m
e
s
to
t
h
e
4
0
%
m
alicio
u
s
n
o
d
es,
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
ac
h
iev
ed
i
s
0
.
1
6
7
2
an
d
th
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
ac
h
ie
v
ed
b
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
0
.
2
2
.
5
.
4
.
RO
C
R
o
C
cu
r
v
e
is
g
e
n
er
ated
b
y
p
l
o
ttin
g
t
h
e
FP
R
(
Fals
e
P
o
s
itiv
e
R
ate)
ag
ain
s
t
th
e
T
P
R
(
T
r
u
e
P
o
s
itiv
e
r
ep
o
r
t)
at
th
e
g
iv
e
n
th
r
e
s
h
o
ld
p
o
in
t.
T
P
R
is
also
ca
lled
as
s
en
s
iti
v
it
y
,
w
h
er
ea
s
FP
R
k
n
o
w
n
as
f
alse
a
lar
m
.
T
h
e
FP
R
is
co
m
p
u
ted
as
(
1
-
s
p
ec
if
it
y
)
.
Hen
ce
,
t
h
is
R
o
C
cu
r
v
e
R
OC
C
u
r
v
e
s
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
ev
alu
a
tin
g
th
e
M
L
(
Ma
ch
in
e
L
ea
r
n
i
n
g
)
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
.
I
t
is
also
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
an
d
co
m
p
u
t
atio
n
o
f
v
ar
i
o
u
s
alg
o
r
ith
m
[
2
3
]
as sh
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
to
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
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u
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u
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u
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Fig
u
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Fig
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
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ited
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p
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n
d
d
y
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ic
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i
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h
l
y
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m
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b
ab
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to
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s
u
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g
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.
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ce
t
h
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esear
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h
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d
is
tr
ib
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e
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r
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o
r
ith
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f
f
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t
-
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RE
F
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R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
h
tt
p
s:/
/en
.
w
ik
ip
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d
ia.o
rg
/w
ik
i/
In
tern
e
t_
o
f
_
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h
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g
s
.
[2
]
A
.
R.
Bis
wa
s
a
n
d
R.
G
ia
ff
re
d
a
,
“
Io
T
a
n
d
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lo
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:
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n
it
ies
a
n
d
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0
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IEE
E
W
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T
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l
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p
p
.
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7
5
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3
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6
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0
1
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.
[3
]
V
.
P
o
td
a
r,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
W
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ss
S
e
n
so
r
Ne
t
w
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0
0
9
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n
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e
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ti
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A
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rd
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p
p
.
6
3
6
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6
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1
,
2
0
0
9
.
[4
]
H.
M
o
sta
f
a
e
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t
a
l
.
,
“
B
o
rd
e
r
S
u
rv
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e
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it
h
W
S
N S
y
ste
m
s in
a
Distrib
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te
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a
n
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e
r,
”
IEE
E
S
y
ste
ms
J
o
u
rn
a
l
.
[5
]
T
.
C
.
H
o
a
n
g
a
n
d
C.
N.
Du
y
,
“
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v
iro
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m
e
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it
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0
1
7
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n
g
,
p
p
.
9
9
-
1
0
2
,
2
0
1
7
.
[6
]
U.
G
o
g
a
t
e
a
n
d
J.
W
.
Ba
k
a
l,
“
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m
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rt
He
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lt
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a
re
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o
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2
0
1
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ter
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io
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ti
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lytics
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d
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u
rity T
r
e
n
d
s (
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T
)
,
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n
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,
p
p
.
5
9
4
-
5
9
9
,
2
0
1
6
.
[7
]
M
.
Ko
c
a
k
u
lak
a
n
d
I.
Bu
t
u
n
,
“
A
n
o
v
e
rv
ie
w
o
f
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irel
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r
Ne
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w
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rd
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tern
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2
0
1
7
IEE
E
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th
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n
u
a
l
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mp
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ti
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a
n
d
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mm
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n
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fer
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e
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s V
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g
a
s,
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,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
1
7
.
[8
]
M
.
In
g
le
a
n
d
P.
V.
R.
D.
P
.
Ra
o
,
“
I
m
p
ro
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in
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IF
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ter
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o
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trica
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(
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)
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v
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l.
8
,
p
p
.
5
1
6
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-
5
1
6
8
,
2
0
1
8
.
[9
]
J
.
M
e
tan
a
n
d
K.
N.
N
.
M
u
rt
h
y
,
“
F
S
DA
:
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ra
m
e
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rk
f
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ta
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g
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ti
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in
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r
Ne
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r
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h
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n
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n
g
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y
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a
n
a
g
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t
,
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ter
n
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ti
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l
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f
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trica
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a
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mp
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ter
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g
(
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)
,
v
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l.
8
,
p
p
.
4
6
8
4
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4
6
9
2
, 2
0
1
8
.
[1
0
]
Ra
jath
i
a
n
d
L
.
S
.
Ja
y
a
sh
re
e
,
“
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e
rg
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ff
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n
t
g
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se
d
d
a
ta ag
g
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ti
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in
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ss
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r
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rk
s,
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2
0
1
6
IE
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Reg
io
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1
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fer
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(
T
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in
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p
.
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1
]
H
.
Ak
c
a
n
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d
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.
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n
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a
n
n
,
“
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w d
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ter
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in
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ta a
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Pro
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r
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,
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3
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.
Bh
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sk
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r,
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0
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.
[1
4
]
A
.
A
r
a
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
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S
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c
u
re
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riv
a
c
y
-
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re
se
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g
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ti
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m
o
te He
a
lt
h
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o
n
it
o
ri
n
g
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y
ste
m
s,
”
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E
Acc
e
ss
,
v
o
l.
5
,
p
p
.
1
2
6
0
1
-
1
2
6
1
7
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
5
]
O.
R.
M
.
Bo
u
d
ia,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
E
ll
ip
ti
c
C
u
rv
e
-
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se
d
S
e
c
u
re
M
u
lt
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sio
n
a
l
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m
a
r
t
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rid
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m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s,
”
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E
S
e
n
s
o
rs
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o
u
rn
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l
,
v
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l
.
1
7
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p
p
.
7
7
5
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7
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2
0
1
7
.
[1
6
]
S
.
G
o
ry
c
z
k
a
a
n
d
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.
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io
n
g
,
“
A
Co
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p
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f
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u
l
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rty
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d
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n
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w
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h
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f
e
re
n
ti
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a
c
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,
”
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ti
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4
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p
p
.
4
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4
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7
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2
0
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.
[1
7
]
R.
L
u
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
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h
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w
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ig
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t
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y
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re
se
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ta
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g
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ti
n
g
-
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h
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n
c
e
d
Io
T
,
”
IEE
E
Acc
e
ss
,
v
o
l.
5
,
p
p
.
3
3
0
2
-
3
3
1
2
,
2
0
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7
.
[1
8
]
S
.
Ro
y
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
S
e
c
u
re
Da
ta
Ag
g
re
g
a
ti
o
n
in
W
irele
ss
S
e
n
so
r
Ne
tw
o
rk
s,
”
I
EE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
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n
f
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rm
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ti
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rity
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.
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,
2
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.
[1
9
]
D.
He
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
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t
a
n
d
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riv
a
c
y
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re
se
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g
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ta
A
g
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re
g
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ti
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n
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c
h
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m
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r
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m
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rt
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ri
d
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a
in
st
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tern
a
l
A
d
v
e
r
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ries
,
”
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n
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ma
rt Gri
d
,
v
o
l.
8
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p
p
.
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4
1
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9
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0
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7
.
[2
0
]
C.
I.
F
a
n
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
P
r
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c
y
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h
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n
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d
d
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ta
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tern
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l
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tt
a
c
k
e
rs
in
sm
a
rt
g
rid
,
”
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T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
stri
a
l
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n
fo
rm
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ti
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s
,
v
o
l.
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0
,
p
p
.
6
6
6
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6
7
5
,
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0
1
4
.
[
2
1
]
D
.
H
e
,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
Wi
r
e
l
e
s
s
N
e
t
w
,
”
v
o
l
.
22
,
p
p
.
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1
,
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0
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6
.
Av
a
i
l
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b
l
e
:
h
t
tp
s
:/
/d
o
i
.
o
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g
/1
0
.
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0
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/
s
1
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2
7
6
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1
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0
9
8
3
-
3.
[
2
2
]
R
.
Xu
a
n
d
D.
W
u
n
sc
h
,
“
S
u
rv
e
y
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c
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a
lg
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rit
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m
s,
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EE
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n
sa
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ra
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s
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l.
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6
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p
p
.
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5
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6
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8
,
2
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0
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.
[2
3
]
D.
M
.
W
.
P
o
w
e
rs,
“
RO
C
-
Co
n
Ce
rt:
ROC
-
Ba
se
d
M
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
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f
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n
siste
n
c
y
a
n
d
Ce
rtain
ty
,
”
2
0
1
2
S
p
rin
g
Co
n
g
re
ss
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n
g
i
n
e
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rin
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
Xia
n
,
p
p
.
1
-
4
,
2
0
1
2
.
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