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1.
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On
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ased
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10
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(
Ja
ma
l M.
A
h
med
)
1369
G
11
=
42
.
95
s
+
4
.
634
s
3
+
26
.
53
s
2
+
38
.
3s
+
4
.
128
G
12
=
300
.
4
s
2
+
120
.
2
s
−
10
.
71
s
4
+
29
.
86
s
3
+
126
.
7
s
2
+
131
.
8s
+
13
.
76
G
21
=
6
.
309
s
+
0
.
7566
s
3
+
34
.
86
s
2
+
51
.
02s
+
5
.
504
G
22
=
−
4
.
489
s
2
−
56
.
16
s
−
6
.
554
s
4
+
38
.
19
s
3
+
167
.
2
s
2
+
17
5
.
6s
+
18
.
35
3.
G
E
NE
T
I
C
A
L
G
O
RI
T
H
M
Gen
etic
A
l
g
o
r
ith
m
(
G
A
)
it
is
g
lo
b
al
-
s
ea
r
ch
th
a
t
b
ased
o
n
th
e
b
io
lo
g
ical
th
eo
r
y
o
f
ev
o
lu
tio
n
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
th
e
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
o
f
th
e
n
a
tu
r
a
l
g
en
etic.
O
n
e
th
e
m
ai
n
ad
v
an
t
ag
es
o
f
t
h
is
al
g
o
r
ith
m
is
t
h
at
it
is
co
m
p
u
tat
io
n
all
y
s
i
m
p
le
an
d
d
o
es
n
o
t
h
av
e
a
n
y
a
s
s
u
m
p
tio
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
s
p
ac
e
o
f
th
e
s
ea
r
ch
w
h
er
e
it
m
o
r
e
lik
el
y
to
co
n
v
er
g
e
to
w
ar
d
a
g
lo
b
al
s
o
l
u
tio
n
b
ec
au
s
e
it
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
e
v
al
u
ates
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
o
n
e
p
o
i
n
t
i
n
t
h
e
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
s
p
ac
e.
An
o
t
h
er
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
o
f
th
is
m
et
h
o
d
is
t
h
at
it
is
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
f
o
r
s
e
ar
ch
in
g
n
o
is
y
,
m
u
l
ti
m
o
d
al
a
n
d
co
m
p
le
x
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
is
alg
o
r
ith
m
i
s
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
o
t
h
er
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
b
y
th
e
w
o
r
k
in
g
p
r
in
cip
le
w
h
er
e
it
d
ea
ls
w
it
h
th
e
co
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
r
at
h
er
th
a
n
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
t
h
e
m
s
el
v
es.
A
l
s
o
,
in
ce
r
tain
ca
s
es,
t
h
e
b
in
ar
y
co
d
i
n
g
h
as
b
ee
n
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
[
13
].
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
s
ea
r
ch
m
et
h
o
d
,
th
e
s
ea
r
ch
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
o
f
p
o
in
ts
a
n
d
cli
m
b
m
a
n
y
p
ic
k
s
ar
e
d
o
n
e
i
n
p
ar
allel
an
d
t
h
e
al
g
o
r
ith
m
n
ee
d
s
o
n
l
y
t
h
e
o
b
j
ec
t
f
u
n
ct
io
n
v
al
u
es
to
m
an
a
g
e
t
h
e
s
ea
r
ch
w
it
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
o
th
er
au
x
i
liar
y
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
T
o
g
u
id
e
its
s
ea
r
ch
,
GA
u
s
es
p
r
o
b
ab
ilis
tic
tr
an
s
itio
n
r
u
le
s
r
ath
er
th
a
n
th
e
d
eter
m
i
n
is
t
ic
tr
an
s
itio
n
r
u
le
s
to
m
a
n
ag
e
it
s
s
ea
r
ch
.
Fo
r
th
ese
r
ea
s
o
n
s
,
G
A
g
iv
e
s
b
etter
an
d
m
o
r
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
r
esu
lts
t
h
a
n
o
th
er
tr
ad
itio
n
al
m
et
h
o
d
s
[
1
4
]
.
I
n
G
A
,
p
o
p
u
latio
n
is
th
e
s
et
o
f
all
s
tr
in
g
s
w
h
er
e
ea
ch
s
tr
in
g
is
o
n
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
.
I
t
s
tar
ts
b
y
g
e
n
er
ate
in
it
ial
p
o
p
u
latio
n
o
f
s
tr
i
n
g
s
r
an
d
o
m
l
y
th
e
n
,
b
y
ap
p
l
y
i
n
g
g
e
n
etic
o
p
er
ato
r
s
,
th
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
ev
o
l
v
es
f
r
o
m
g
en
er
atio
n
to
g
en
er
at
io
n
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
eir
f
it
n
e
s
s
v
al
u
e,
all
th
e
s
tr
in
g
s
w
il
l
b
e
ev
ac
u
ated
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
th
r
ee
m
ai
n
o
p
er
ato
r
s
o
f
th
e
GA
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
io
n
,
cr
o
s
s
o
v
er
,
an
d
m
u
tatio
n
[
15,
16
].
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Flo
w
c
h
ar
t o
f
g
e
n
etic
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il
2
0
2
0
:
1
3
6
7
-
1375
1370
4.
L
I
N
E
AR
Q
UAD
RAT
I
C
R
E
G
U
L
AT
O
R
(
L
Q
R)
L
i
n
er
q
u
ad
r
atic
r
eg
u
lato
r
(
L
QR
)
is
a
co
n
tr
o
l
th
a
t
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
b
a
s
ed
o
n
m
in
i
m
iz
in
g
t
h
e
in
d
ex
o
f
th
e
q
u
ad
r
atic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
wh
ich
as
r
e
s
u
l
t
p
r
o
v
id
e
an
o
p
t
i
m
al
co
n
tr
o
l
la
w
[
1
7
-
19
]
.
T
h
e
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
th
e
L
QR
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
L
in
ea
r
q
u
ad
r
atic
r
eg
u
lato
r
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
T
h
e
aim
o
f
th
e
d
esig
n
is
to
m
i
n
i
m
ize
th
e
q
u
ad
r
atic
co
s
t
f
u
n
cti
o
n
J
b
y
f
in
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
u
itab
le
co
n
tr
o
l
in
p
u
t
u
,
w
h
er
e
Q
is
t
h
e
s
ta
te
m
atr
i
x
w
h
ile
R
is
t
h
e
w
ei
g
h
tin
g
m
atr
i
x
[
2
0
,
2
1
]
.
(
3
)
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
L
QR
,
Q
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
s
e
m
i
-
d
e
f
i
n
ite
w
h
ile
t
h
e
w
ei
g
h
ti
n
g
m
atr
i
x
R
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
d
ef
in
i
te.
T
h
e
s
tate
s
p
ac
e
r
ep
r
e
s
en
tat
io
n
f
o
r
a
s
y
s
te
m
is
s
h
o
wn
in
(
5
)
.
(
4)
w
h
er
e
(
A
,
B
)
is
s
tab
le,
t
h
e
o
p
tim
al
co
n
tr
o
l
u
is
d
ef
i
n
ed
as:
(5
)
W
h
er
e
T
h
e
m
atr
i
x
K
is
g
i
v
i
n
g
b
y
(6
)
T
h
e
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
d
ef
in
i
te
m
atr
i
x
P
is
th
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
alg
eb
r
aic
R
icca
ti e
q
u
atio
n
g
i
v
e
n
b
y
(7
)
T
h
e
clo
s
ed
-
lo
o
p
s
y
s
te
m
w
h
ic
h
h
as t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
al
E
i
g
en
v
al
u
es i
s
g
i
v
en
b
y
(8
)
T
h
e
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
o
f
L
QR
co
n
tr
o
ller
o
f
th
e
g
as t
u
r
b
in
e
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
t
h
e
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
Op
tima
l tu
n
in
g
lin
e
a
r
q
u
a
d
r
a
tic
r
eg
u
la
to
r
fo
r
g
a
s
tu
r
b
in
e
b
y
g
en
etic
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
u
s
in
g
…
(
Ja
ma
l M.
A
h
med
)
1371
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
B
lo
k
d
iag
r
a
m
L
QR
w
it
h
g
as t
u
r
b
in
e
5.
O
B
J
E
CT
I
V
E
F
UNC
T
I
O
N
Ob
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
th
e
h
ea
r
t
o
f
t
h
e
g
en
et
ic
al
g
o
r
ith
m
a
n
d
th
e
m
o
s
t
d
i
f
f
icu
l
t
p
ar
t
o
f
its
d
esig
n
.
Fo
r
th
is
p
ap
er
,
it i
s
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
ev
al
u
ate
th
e
o
p
ti
m
u
m
L
Q
R
co
n
tr
o
ller
f
o
r
a
g
a
s
t
u
r
b
in
e
s
o
t
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
w
ill
b
e
s
elec
ted
to
ac
h
iev
e
t
h
is
ai
m
.
T
h
e
o
b
j
e
ctiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
m
i
g
h
t
m
e
cr
e
ated
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
li
k
e
th
e
o
v
er
s
h
o
o
t
an
d
r
is
e
ti
m
e
b
u
t
it
is
b
etter
to
c
o
m
b
i
n
e
all
th
e
t
r
an
s
ie
n
t
an
d
s
tead
y
s
tate
s
p
ec
i
f
icatio
n
s
i
n
th
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
is
co
m
b
in
atio
n
w
i
ll
m
in
i
m
ize
th
e
er
r
o
r
o
f
th
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
n
es
s
o
f
th
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
w
i
l
l
b
e
d
ir
ec
tly
o
n
t
h
e
ch
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
e
w
h
er
e
ea
c
h
ch
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
e
w
ill
p
ass
i
n
to
it
[
2
3
].
A
f
ter
p
ass
i
n
g
i
n
to
t
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
c
h
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
e
w
il
l
b
e
ev
alu
a
ted
an
d
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
is
e
v
alu
at
i
o
n
,
it
w
il
l
b
e
ass
ig
n
ed
b
y
a
n
u
m
b
er
th
a
t
r
ep
r
esen
t
its
f
itn
e
s
s
w
h
er
e
th
e
b
ig
g
er
n
u
m
b
er
is
th
e
b
etter
f
itn
e
s
s
.
T
h
is
f
it
n
es
s
v
al
u
e
th
en
w
il
l
b
e
u
s
ed
to
cr
e
ate
n
e
w
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
Def
i
n
i
n
g
th
e
ch
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
e
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
w
ill
b
e
t
h
e
s
tar
t
o
f
t
h
e
t
u
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
b
y
th
e
G
A
w
h
er
e
e
ac
h
ch
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
e
i
s
r
ep
r
esen
ted
in
a
r
ea
l v
al
u
e
f
o
r
m
as s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
5
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
C
h
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
e
d
ef
i
n
it
io
n
T
h
e
s
tate
an
d
w
ei
g
h
t
m
atr
i
ce
s
Q
an
d
R
w
ill
b
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
s
e
v
e
n
v
al
u
e
s
an
d
t
h
ese
v
al
u
e
s
w
ill
f
o
r
m
th
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e.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Brian
D.O.
A
n
d
e
rso
n
,
Jo
h
n
B
.
M
o
o
re
,
“
Op
ti
m
a
l
Co
n
tro
l:
L
in
e
a
r
Q
u
a
d
ra
ti
c
M
e
t
h
o
d
s
,
”
Pre
n
ti
c
e
-
Ha
ll
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
,
In
c
.
,
E
n
g
lew
o
o
d
Cli
f
f
s,
NJ
,
1
9
8
9
.
[2
]
M.
A
l
m
o
b
aied
,
I
.
E
k
s
in
,
an
d
M.
Gu
ze
lk
a
y
a,
"
Desi
g
n
o
f
lq
r
co
n
tr
o
ller
w
it
h
b
ig
b
a
n
g
-
b
i
g
cr
u
n
c
h
o
p
tim
izatio
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
b
ased
o
n
ti
m
e
d
o
m
ai
n
cr
iter
ia,
"
in
2
0
1
6
2
4
th
Med
iter
r
a
n
ea
n
C
o
n
feren
ce
o
n
C
o
n
tr
o
l a
n
d
A
u
t
o
ma
tio
n
(
MED)
,
p
p
.
1
1
9
2
-
1197
,
2
0
1
6
.
[3
]
A
.
W
ies
e
,
M
.
Blo
m
,
C.
M
a
n
z
ie,
M
.
Bre
a
r,
a
n
d
A
.
Kitch
e
n
e
r,
"
M
o
d
e
l
re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
a
n
d
M
IM
O m
o
d
e
l
p
re
d
ictiv
e
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
g
a
s tu
rb
in
e
sy
ste
m
s,"
Co
n
tro
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
P
ra
c
ti
c
e
,
v
o
l.
4
5
,
p
p
.
1
9
4
-
2
0
6
,
2
0
1
5
.
[4
]
R.
G
.
S
u
b
ra
m
a
n
ian
a
n
d
V
.
K.
El
u
m
a
lai,
"
Ro
b
u
st
M
RA
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ted
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se
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QR
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t
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s S
y
ste
ms
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l.
8
6
,
p
p
.
7
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7
7
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1
6
.
[5
]
K.
M
iy
a
m
o
to
,
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S
h
e
,
D.
S
a
to
,
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n
d
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Ya
su
o
,
"
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u
to
m
a
ti
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d
e
ter
m
in
a
ti
o
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o
f
L
QR
w
e
ig
h
ti
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g
m
a
t
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s
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o
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ti
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e
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c
tu
ra
l
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o
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tro
l,
"
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g
in
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e
rin
g
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tru
c
tu
re
s
,
v
o
l.
1
7
4
,
p
p
.
3
0
8
-
3
2
1
,
2
0
1
8
.
[6
]
K.
De
b
,
“
In
tro
d
u
c
ti
o
n
t
o
G
e
n
e
ti
c
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
s
f
o
r
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g
in
e
e
rin
g
Op
t
im
iz
a
ti
o
n
,
”
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a
rt
o
f
th
e
S
t
u
d
ies
in
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zz
i
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e
ss
a
n
d
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o
ft
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mp
u
ti
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g
b
o
o
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rie
s (
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T
UD
FUZ
Z
,
v
o
l
u
me
1
4
1
)
,
S
p
r
in
g
e
r,
p
p
1
3
-
5
1
,
2
0
0
4
.
[7
]
A
.
I.
A
b
d
u
ll
a
,
J.
M
.
A
h
m
e
d
,
S
.
M
.
A
tt
y
a
,
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e
n
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l
g
o
rit
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m
(
GA
)
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se
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ti
m
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l
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e
e
d
b
a
c
k
C
o
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tr
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ig
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ti
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g
M
a
tri
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e
s Co
m
p
u
tatio
n
,
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-
Ra
fi
d
a
in
En
g
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rin
g
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o
l.
2
1
,
N
o
.
5
O
c
to
b
e
r
2
0
1
3
.
[8
]
S.
E
s
h
te
h
ar
d
ih
a,
A
.
Ki
y
o
u
m
a
r
s
i,
an
d
M.
A
taei,
"
Op
tim
izi
n
g
L
Q
R
an
d
p
o
le
p
lace
m
e
n
t
to
co
n
tr
o
l
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ck
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o
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ith
m
,
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2
0
0
7
I
n
tern
a
tio
n
a
l Co
n
feren
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n
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o
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l,
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tio
n
a
n
d
S
ystems
,
p
p
.
2
1
9
5
-
2
2
0
0
,
2
0
0
7
.
[9
]
A
.
M
.
Ha
m
z
a
,
M
.
S
.
S
a
a
d
,
H.
M
.
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sh
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.
Ba
h
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a
t,
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s
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l.
4
,
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p
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3
5
-
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1
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2
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1
3
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[1
0
]
K.
Og
a
ta,
"
En
g
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ria d
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0
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1
]
Zh
a
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iao
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.
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8
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6
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2
3
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[1
2
]
G
a
ss
n
e
r,
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a
rti
n
Erw
in
,
e
t
a
l.
"
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e
th
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.
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te
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t
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
No
.
1
5
/
4
5
8
,
9
1
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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1375
[1
3
]
P
.
S
.
Oliv
e
ira,
L
.
S
.
Ba
rro
s,
a
n
d
L
.
d
.
Q.
S
.
J
ú
n
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o
r,
"
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n
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2
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1
0
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ra
n
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A)
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p
p
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4
8
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5
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0
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[1
4
]
S
.
S
iv
a
n
a
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d
a
m
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d
S
.
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e
p
a
,
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e
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c
a
l
g
o
rit
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m
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
p
ro
b
lem
s,"
in
In
tro
d
u
c
ti
o
n
to
Ge
n
e
ti
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Al
g
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ms
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:
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p
p
.
1
6
5
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0
9
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2
0
0
8
.
[1
5
]
G
.
W
a
n
g
,
M
.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
X
.
Xu
,
a
n
d
C.
Jia
n
g
,
"
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ti
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ti
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f
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th
e
im
p
ro
v
e
d
g
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ti
c
a
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rit
h
m
s,"
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2
0
0
6
6
th
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telli
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p
p
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3
6
9
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6
9
8
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2
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0
6
.
[1
6
]
S
.
I.
K
h
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th
e
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M
.
A
lm
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d
,
a
n
d
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.
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ra
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se
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o
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g
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ti
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m
P
ID
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o
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ter
n
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ti
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l
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o
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g
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p
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5
3
8
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3
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2
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0
1
8
.
[1
7
]
N.
M
a
g
a
ji
,
M
.
F
.
Ha
m
z
a
,
a
n
d
A.
Da
n
-
Isa
,
"
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m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
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a
n
d
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QR
tu
n
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g
o
f
sta
ti
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V
A
R
c
o
m
p
e
n
sa
to
r
f
o
r
d
a
m
p
in
g
o
sc
il
latio
n
s,"
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ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
A
d
v
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n
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s in
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n
g
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n
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&
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g
y
,
v
o
l.
2
,
p
.
5
9
4
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
8
]
K.
H.
R
ed
d
y
,
P
.
R
a
m
a
n
at
h
a
n
,
an
d
S.
R
a
m
a
s
a
m
y
,
"
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Q
R
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ase
d
P
I
p
lu
s
P
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
to
co
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e
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n
-
l
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s
,
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in
2
0
1
6
On
lin
e
I
n
tern
a
tio
n
a
l
C
o
n
feren
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o
n
Green
E
n
g
in
ee
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in
g
a
n
d
Tech
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ies
(
I
C
-
GE
T
)
,
p
p
.
1
-
4
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2
0
1
6
.
[1
9
]
Da
s,
Hi
m
a
d
r
y
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h
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k
h
a
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e
t
a
l.
"
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u
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li
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e
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ro
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ra
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r,
"
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e
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g
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1
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.
2
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5
5
9
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3
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.
[2
0
]
M
.
Ha
ra
g
u
c
h
i
a
n
d
H.
H
u
,
"
Us
in
g
a
n
e
w
d
isc
re
ti
z
a
ti
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a
p
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to
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n
a
d
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L
Q
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c
o
n
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ler,"
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o
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rn
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o
f
so
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n
d
a
n
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ra
ti
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n
,
v
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l
.
3
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4
,
p
p
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5
5
8
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5
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0
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2
0
0
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.
[2
1
]
L
e
v
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a
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.
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in
e
a
r
q
u
a
d
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ti
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re
g
u
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r
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o
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tr
o
l,
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n
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.
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ss
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4
0
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-
4
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6
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
2
]
Kh
a
ti
r,
S
a
m
ir,
e
t
a
l.
"
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n
e
ti
c
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
b
a
se
d
o
b
jec
ti
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re
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o
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s: Co
n
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rie
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l
.
6
2
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.
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.
1
.
IO
P
P
u
b
li
sh
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g
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2
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1
5
.
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3
]
A
.
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i
a
n
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n
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il
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i
,
"
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g
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rit
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s
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ro
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ra
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ro
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ts,"
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s T
ra
n
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ti
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o
n
S
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ms
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l.
8
,
p
p
.
4
4
-
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4
,
2
0
0
9
.
[2
4
]
A
.
Oo
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i
a
n
d
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Oo
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il
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i,
"
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ro
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sin
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e
ti
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a
lg
o
rit
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m
s,"
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S
EA
S
T
RA
N
S
ACT
ION
S
o
n
S
Y
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T
EM
S
,
v
o
l.
7
,
p
p
.
6
2
6
-
6
3
6
,
2
0
0
8
.
[2
5
]
M
u
n
je,
Ra
v
in
d
ra
,
Ba
las
a
h
e
b
P
a
tre
,
a
n
d
A
k
h
il
a
n
a
n
d
T
iwa
ri.
"
S
ta
te
fe
e
d
b
a
c
k
c
o
n
tro
l
u
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g
li
n
e
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r
q
u
a
d
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ti
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re
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t
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