Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of Ele
ctrical
an
d
Co
mput
er
En
gin
eeri
ng
(IJ
E
C
E)
Vo
l.
9
, No
.
3
,
J
un
e
201
9,
pp. 147
9~14
95
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijece
.
v9
i
3
.
pp1479
-
14
95
1479
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core
.c
om/
journa
ls
/i
ndex.
ph
p/I
JEC
E
Matlab/
s
imu
lin
k s
imu
lation of
un
ified po
wer
qualit
y
co
nd
itio
ner
-
b
attery ene
rgy st
orage s
yste
m sup
plied
by
PV
-
wind
hybrid
usin
g
fuzzy
l
ogic c
ontroll
er
Amirul
lah
1
,
O
nt
ose
n
o
Pe
nangs
ang
2
,
Ad
i
S
oeprij
anto
3
1
,2,3
Depa
rtment
o
f
Elec
tr
ical Engi
nee
ring
,
Fa
cul
t
y
of
Elec
tr
ical Tec
hnolog
y
,
I
TS
Suraba
y
a
,
Indon
esi
a
1
Stud
y
Progr
am of
Elec
tr
ical Eng
ine
er
ing, Fac
ul
t
y
of
Eng
ineeri
ng
,
Univer
sit
y
of
Bh
a
y
angka
r
a
Surab
a
y
a
,
Indone
si
a
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Ma
y
2
, 2
01
8
Re
vised
N
ov 11
, 2
01
8
Accepte
d
D
ec
2
, 2
01
8
Thi
s
pap
er
pre
sents
per
form
a
nce
anal
y
s
is
o
f
Unifi
ed
Pow
er
Qua
l
i
t
y
Condit
ione
r
-
B
att
er
y
En
erg
y
St
ora
ge
(UP
QC
-
BES)
s
y
stem
s
uppli
ed
b
y
Photovolt
aic
(PV
)
-
W
ind
H
y
brid
conn
ec
t
ed
to
th
ree
phase
thr
ee
wire
(3P3W
)
of
380
volt
(L
-
L)
and
50
her
tz
dist
ribu
ti
on
s
y
s
te
m
.
The
per
fo
rm
ance
of
supp
l
y
s
y
stem
is
comp
are
d
with
two
r
ene
wabl
e
ene
rg
y
(RE)
sourc
es
i.
e
.
PV
and
W
ind,
r
espe
ctive
l
y
.
Fuzz
y
Log
ic
Control
le
r
(FLC
)
is
implement
ed
to
m
ai
n
ta
i
n
DC
volt
ag
e
ac
ro
ss
the
ca
pa
citor
u
nder
disturb
ance
sce
nar
ios
of
sour
ce
a
nd
load
as
well
as
to
co
m
par
e
the
r
esults
with
Proportiona
l
Int
erg
ral
(PI)
cont
rol
le
r
.
The
re
are
six
sce
nar
ios
of
di
sturbanc
e
i.
e
.
(
1)
non
-
l
inear
l
oad
(NL
),
(2)
unbalanc
e
a
nd
nonli
n
ea
r
lo
ad
(Unba
-
NL)
,
(3)
distortion
s
uppl
y
and
non
-
li
ne
ar loa
d
(
Dis
-
NL),
(4)
sag
and non
-
li
n
ea
r
l
oad (S
ag
-
NL),
(
5) s
well
and
non
-
li
ne
ar
loa
d
(Sw
el
l
-
NL),
and
(6)
int
err
up
ti
on
and
non
-
li
n
ea
r
loa
d
(Int
er
-
NL).
In
disturbance
sce
n
ari
o
1
t
o
5,
implementation
of
FLC
on
UP
QC
-
BES
s
y
stem
supplie
d
b
y
three
RE
so
urc
es
is
ab
le
to
obta
in
ave
r
ag
e
THD
of
loa
d
volt
ag
e/
source
c
urre
nt
sligh
tly
b
et
t
er
tha
n
PI.
Furthermore
unde
r
sce
nar
io
6
,
FLC
appl
i
ed
on
UP
QC
-
BES
sy
stem
supplie
d
b
y
th
ree
RE
sou
rce
s
give
s
signifi
c
ant
l
y
b
et
t
er
result
of
av
erage
THD
of
loa
d
volt
ag
e/
source
c
urre
nt
th
an
PI.
Thi
s
rese
ar
ch
is simulated
usi
ng
Matlab/Sim
ul
ink.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Ba
tt
ery energy
stora
ge
Photo
vo
lt
ai
c
Power q
ualit
y
PV
-
Wi
nd H
y
bri
d
Total
h
a
rm
on
ic
d
ist
ort
ion
UPQC
W
i
nd t
ur
bin
e
Copyright
©
201
9
Instit
ute of
Ad
v
ance
d
Engi
ne
eri
ng
and
Sc
ie
n
ce
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pon
din
g
Aut
h
or
:
Am
irulla
h,
Dep
a
rtm
ent o
f El
ect
rical
En
gi
neer
i
ng,
In
sti
tut T
e
knol
og
i
Sepulu
h N
op
em
ber
(I
T
S),
Kam
pu
s ITS
K
epu
ti
h, S
uk
olil
o,
Sura
baya 6
0111,
I
ndonesi
a.
Em
a
il
: a
m
irulla
h14@m
hs
.ee.it
s.ac.id,
am
iru
ll
ah@
ub
har
a
.a
c.id,
am
95200120
03@yah
oo.
com
1.
INTRO
D
U
CTION
PV
an
d
wi
nd
a
re
t
he m
os
t
RE
distri
bu
te
d
ge
ner
at
io
ns
(
D
Gs
)
beca
us
e
they
are
a
ble
t
o
co
nvert
sunli
ght
and
wind
i
nto
po
wer
.
PV
a
nd
s
olar
a
re
t
he
pote
ntial
D
Gs
sou
rces
since
it
only
nee
d
su
nli
gh
t
to
ge
ner
at
e
el
ect
rici
ty
,
wh
e
re
t
he
res
ource
s
are
a
vaila
b
le
in
a
bunda
nce,
fr
ee
an
d
relat
iv
el
y
cl
ean.
I
ndonesi
a
has
e
nor
m
ou
s
ener
gy
pote
nti
al
fr
om
the
sun
because
it
li
es
on
t
he
e
qu
at
or
.
Alm
os
t
al
l
area
s
of
I
ndonesi
a
get
sunli
ght
ab
ou
t
10
to
12
ho
ur
s
pe
r
day
,
with
a
n
aver
a
ge
i
ntensi
ty
of
i
rr
a
diati
on
of
4.5
kWh
/
m
2
or
e
quivale
nt
to
1
12.
000
G
W
.
The
pote
ntial
of
wind
e
ner
gy
in
I
ndonesi
a
ge
n
erall
y
has
a
s
peed
betwee
n
4
to
5
m
/s
and
cl
assifi
ed
as
m
edium
scal
e
with pote
ntial
capaci
ty
of 1
0
to 100 kW
.
T
he
wea
kn
es
s
of
PV
a
nd
wi
nd
tu
rb
i
ne
besi
des
a
ble
to
g
en
erate
power
,
th
ey
al
so
pro
duces
a
nu
m
ber
volt
ag
e
an
d
c
urre
nt
har
m
on
ic
s
res
ulted
by
pr
es
e
nce
of
se
ver
al
ty
pes
of
PV
a
nd
wind
tur
bin
e
de
vices
an
d
powe
r
c
onve
rters
as
w
el
l
as
to
in
cre
ase
a
nu
m
ber
of
no
n
-
li
nea
r
l
oad
s
connecte
d t
o t
he
grid,so
finall
y resu
lt
in
g
in
t
he decrease
in
powe
r qu
al
it
y
.
In
orde
r
to
ove
rco
m
e
and
im
pr
ove
power
qu
al
it
y
du
e
to
pr
e
sence
of
non
-
li
near
l
oads
an
d
integrati
on
of
P
V
a
nd
wi
nd
tu
rb
i
ne
to
gr
i
d,
UPQC
is
a
pro
po
se
d.
UPQC
ser
ves
to
c
om
pen
sat
e
for
so
urce
vo
lt
age
qu
al
it
y
pro
blem
s
i.e.
s
ag,
s
well
un
ba
la
nce
,
flic
ker
,
ha
rm
on
ic
s,
a
nd
lo
ad
c
urre
nt
qual
it
y
pro
blem
s
i.e.
harm
on
ic
s,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
9
, N
o.
3
,
June
2019 :
1479
-
1495
1480
unbalance
,
rea
ct
ive
curre
nts,
and
ne
utral
c
urren
t.
B
.
Ha
n
et
.
al
an
d
V
in
od
Kh
a
dkika
r
have
inv
est
igate
d
UPQC
as
one
pa
rt
of
act
ive
powe
r
fi
lt
er
con
sist
in
g
of
s
hunt
a
nd
se
ries
act
ive
fil
te
rs
co
nnect
ed
i
n
par
al
le
l
an
d
se
rv
es
as
superi
or
c
on
trolle
r t
o
overc
om
e
a
nu
m
ber
of
powe
r
qu
al
it
y
prob
le
m
s
sim
ul
ta
neo
usl
y
. Seri
es
c
om
po
ne
nt
has
been
respo
ns
ib
le
f
or
re
duci
ng
a
num
ber
of
i
nterf
e
ren
ce
on
s
ource
side
i.e
.
volt
age
sag/s
wel
l,
flic
ke
r
,
un
balanc
ed
vo
lt
age
,
a
nd
ha
rm
on
ic
s.
S
hunt
com
ponen
t
ha
s
bee
n
res
pons
ible
f
or
a
ddres
sing
a
c
urre
nt
qu
al
it
y
pr
ob
le
m
s
i.e.
low
powe
r
fa
ct
or
,
loa
d
c
urr
ent
ha
rm
on
ic
s,
an
d
un
balanc
ed
loa
d.
[
1,
2].
UPQC
ba
se
d
on
RE
has
been
inv
est
igate
d
by
so
m
e
researc
he
rs.
T
her
e
are
t
wo
m
et
ho
ds
use
d
to
ove
rco
m
e
this
prob
le
m
i.e.
usi
ng
c
onve
nt
ion
al
and
a
rtific
ia
l
intel
li
gen
ce.
Shafi
uzzam
an
K.K.,
et
.al
hav
e
pro
po
se
d
syst
e
m
includes
a
s
eries
i
nv
e
rter
,
sh
unt
inv
e
rter
,
a
nd
a
D
G
co
nnect
ed
to
a
DC
li
nk
thr
ough
a
recti
f
ie
r
us
i
ng
PI.
T
he
syst
em
wa
s
capa
ble
of
inc
rease
so
urce
volt
age
qual
it
y
i.e.
sa
g
a
nd
inte
rrup
t
ion
a
nd
l
oad
c
urren
t
qual
it
y
,
as
well
as
tra
nsfer
of
act
ive
powe
r
on
/
of
f
gri
d
m
od
e
[
3].
T
he
inf
luence
of
DG
on
UPQC
pe
rfor
m
ance
in
reducin
g
sag
unde
r
c
onditi
ons
of
s
om
e
ph
a
se
to
gro
un
d
f
aul
ts
to
usi
ng
D
ST
A
TC
O
M
has
bee
n
i
m
ple
m
ented
by
Nors
haf
i
nas
h
S
.,
et
.al.
T
he
D
G
was
ef
fecti
ve
e
nough
t
o
help
UPQC
to
im
pr
ove
sag
[
4].
It
wa
s
co
nn
ect
e
d
in
series
with
l
oa
d
res
ulti
ng
be
tt
er
sag
m
itigat
ion
c
ompare
d t
o sy
ste
m
witho
ut
DG.
Im
ple
m
entation
of
U
PQ
C
us
i
ng
U
VTG
m
eth
od
with
PI
t
o
reduce
sag,
s
well
,
vo
lt
age/cu
rr
e
nt h
ar
m
on
ic
s
has
bee
n
done
by
S.
N
.
G
ohil
,
et
.al.
Si
m
ula
ti
on
o
f
v
ol
ta
ge
dist
or
ti
on
was
m
ade
by
ad
ding
5
t
h
a
nd
7
th
ha
rm
on
ic
s
at
fun
dam
ental
so
urc
e
volt
age,
resul
ti
ng
in
a
re
du
ct
ion
of
T
HD
s
ource
current a
nd
T
H
D
loa
d v
oltage
[
5
].
UPQC
s
upplied
by
P
V
pan
el
s
us
i
ng
bo
os
t
conve
rter
,
P
I,
MPPT
P
a
nd
O,
a
nd
p
-
q
t
he
or
y
has
bee
n
pro
po
se
d
by
Y
ahia
Bo
uzelat
a
at
.al
[
6].
T
he
syst
e
m
was
ca
pab
le
of
c
om
pen
sat
e
reacti
ve
powe
r
a
nd
re
du
ce
so
urce
c
urren
t/
load
vo
lt
age
ha
rm
on
ic
s,
but
did
no
t
disc
uss
m
igit
ation
of
sa
g
a
nd
inter
up
ti
on
ca
us
ed
by
P
V
pen
et
rati
on.
P
ower
qual
it
y
enh
ancem
ent
of
s
ag
an
d
s
ource
vo
lt
age
ha
rm
on
ic
s
on
gr
id
us
i
ng
UPQC
s
uppl
ie
d
by
PV
a
rr
ay
c
onne
ct
ed
to
DC
li
nk
us
i
ng
P
I
c
om
par
ed
with
F
LC
has
bee
n
done
by
Ra
m
alen
gswa
ra
Ra
o,
et
.al.
Com
bin
at
ion
of
U
PQ
C
an
d
P
V
us
in
g F
LC
c
an i
m
pr
ove
s
ource
volt
age
T
HD
bette
r
tha
n
PI
[
7].
Am
irulla
h et
.al
hav
e
resea
rch
e
d
a
m
et
ho
d
for
bala
n
ci
ng
c
urre
nt
an
d
li
ne
vo
lt
age
,
as
a
r
esult
of
D
Gs
of
a
si
ngle
ph
ase
PV
gen
e
rato
r
un
it
i
n
ra
ndom
ly
instal
le
d
at
ho
m
es
thr
ough
on
a
three
phase
fou
r
wire
220
kV
a
nd
50
Hz
distribu
ti
on
li
ne
us
in
g
BE
S
an
d
th
ree
of
si
ng
le
phase
bid
i
recti
on
al
i
nv
e
rter
.
B
oth
de
vi
ces
was
ca
pa
ble
of
re
du
ce
unba
la
nced
li
ne
cu
rr
e
nt/v
oltage,
bu
t
both
of
t
hem
wer
e
a
lso
ca
pab
le
of
increase
cu
rr
e
nt
/vo
lt
age
ha
rm
on
ic
s
on
PCC
bus
[8
]
.
Power
qu
al
it
y
m
igit
at
ion
of
UPQC
on
m
ic
rogr
i
d
sup
plied
by
P
V
a
nd
wind
tur
bin
e
ha
s
been
im
plem
ented
by
K
S
S
r
ika
nt
h
et
.
al
.
It
res
ul
te
d
that
PI
a
nd
FLC
was
a
ble
to
im
pr
ov
e
pow
er
qual
it
y
and
r
edu
ce
disto
rtio
n
in
ou
t
pu
t
powe
r
[9
]
.
The
UPQ
C
-
wind
tu
r
bine
to
pro
vid
e
a
ct
ive
powe
r
to
ov
e
rc
om
e
lo
w
sag
a
nd
inte
rrup
ti
on
vo
lt
age
to
gri
d
has
bee
n
in
vest
igate
d
by
H.
T
oode
j
i,
e
t
.al
. T
he
m
od
el
was
use
d
VS
C
as
a
r
ect
ifie
r
on
ge
ne
rator
ou
t
pu
t
a
nd
c
on
trolle
d
s
o
that
m
axi
m
u
m
po
w
er
desi
red
ca
n
be
ge
ne
rated
by
dif
fe
ren
t
s
pe
ed
wi
nd
t
urbin
es
us
in
g
PI
[10].
The
U
PQ
C
-
wind
tu
r
bin
e
c
onnected
to
UPQC
DC
li
nk
was
im
ple
m
ented
by
M.
H
os
sei
np
our,
et
al
.
The
pr
opos
e
d
c
om
bin
at
ion
usi
ng
PI
was
capa
ble
of
c
om
pen
s
at
e
swell
,
interr
up
ti
on
vo
lt
age
,
and
reacti
ve
powe
r
bo
t
h
on
on
/
off
gri
d
[
11
]
.
R
.Bhav
a
ni,
et
,
al
ha
ve
researc
he
d
on
UPQC
c
ontrolle
d
by
F
LC
to
im
pr
ove
po
wer
qu
al
it
y
in
a
DFIG
wind
t
urbin
e
co
nn
ec
te
d
gr
i
d.
FLC
ca
n
im
pr
ove
powe
r
qu
a
li
ty
i.e.
sag
volt
age
a
nd
loa
d
c
urre
nt
har
m
on
ic
s
bette
r
tha
n
PI
[12].
P
ow
e
r
qual
it
y
enh
a
ncem
ent
on
wind
t
urbine
and
BES
wit
h
PI
c
onnecte
d
gri
d
on
PCC
bus
usi
ng
UPQC
has
be
en
im
ple
m
ented
by
S.Ra
j
es
hRaj
a
n,
et
al
.
BES
was
i
n
sta
ll
ed
to
m
ai
ntain
a
nd
sta
bili
ze act
ive pow
e
r
s
upply
unde
r diffe
ren
t
w
in
d
s
pee
d [13].
This
re
searc
h
will
analy
ze
U
PQ
C
-
BE
S
perf
or
m
ance
sup
plied
by
PV
-
wind
hybri
d
c
onnec
te
d
to
3P3
W
of
380
volt
(L
-
L)
a
nd
50
her
t
z
distrib
utio
n
s
yst
e
m
.Th
e
perf
or
m
ance
of
s
upply
syst
em
is
com
par
ed
with
tw
o
RE
so
urces
i.e.
PV
an
d
W
i
nd,
resp
ect
ively
.
BES
ser
ves
to
store
e
xcess
e
ne
r
gy
pr
oduce
d
by
three
RE
s
ources
and
distri
bu
te
i
t t
o
load
i
f
nec
essary
, to
pr
e
ve
nt inter
ruptio
n
volt
age
, and t
o
ad
just cha
r
gi
ng
a
nd d
isc
har
ging o
f
ener
gy
in
batte
ry
.
BES
is
al
so
exp
ect
e
d
to
st
ore
exces
s
powe
r
pro
duced
by
three
RE
c
om
bin
at
ions
an
d
us
e
it
as
backu
p
powe
r
.
FLC
is
pr
opose
d
a
nd
com
par
ed
with
PI
t
o
con
t
ro
l
var
ia
ble
of
DC
volt
age
a
nd
DC
refe
ren
ce
vo
lt
age
i
nput
to
ge
ner
at
e
re
fer
e
nce
cu
rr
e
nt
sour
ce
i
n
cu
rr
e
nt
hyste
resi
s
c
on
t
ro
ll
er
on
shu
nt
act
ive
filt
er
.
DC
vo
lt
age
co
ntr
oller
in
shu
nt
act
ive
filt
er
and
series
act
ive
filt
er
is
use
d
to
m
igit
at
e
po
we
r
qual
it
y
of
loa
d
vo
lt
age
a
nd
source
c
urren
t
.
P
erfor
m
ance
of
t
wo
c
ontrolle
rs
are
us
e
d
to
determ
ine
load
v
ol
ta
ge,
source
c
urren
t
,
load
vo
lt
age
T
HD,
an
d
s
ourc
e
current
TH
D
base
d
on
IE
E
E
519.
This
pa
per
is
pr
ese
nte
d
as
f
ollo
w.
Se
ct
ion
2
descr
i
bes
pro
pose
d
m
et
ho
d,
m
od
el
of
UPQC
-
BES
syst
em
su
pp
li
ed
by
three
RE
s
ources
i.e.
P
V,
wind,
and
P
V
-
wind
hy
br
id
, si
m
ulatio
n
pa
ram
et
ers,
PV
a
nd
PMS
G
wind
t
urbine
m
od
el
,
series
a
nd
shu
nt
act
ive
filt
er,
as
well
as
ap
pl
ic
at
ion
of
PI
a
nd
FLC
m
et
ho
d
for
pro
posed
m
od
el
.
Sect
io
n
3
s
hows
re
sul
ts
a
nd
analy
si
s
ab
out
perform
ance
of
TH
D
a
naly
sis
on
the
pro
pose
d
m
od
el
of
t
hr
e
e
RE
s
ources
c
on
nected
to
D
C
li
nk
of
U
PQC
-
BES
syst
e
m
us
ing
P
I
a
nd
FLC.
I
n
this
sect
io
n,
si
x
disturba
nce
s
cenari
os
a
re
presented
an
d
t
he
res
ults
are
ve
rifie
d
with Mat
la
b/Si
m
ul
ink
. Fi
nall
y, this
pap
e
r
in
conclu
ded in
Sect
ion
4.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
Matla
b/simu
li
nk
sim
ula
ti
on
of unif
ie
d
powe
r
qualit
y co
ndit
ion
e
r
-
ba
tt
ery e
ner
gy
sto
rage
…
(
Amirulla
h
)
1481
2.
RESEA
R
CH MET
HO
D
2.1.
Pr
opose
d metho
d
Fig
ure
1
s
how
s
propose
d
m
od
el
i
n
t
his
res
earch
.
The
RE
s
ources
ba
sed
D
Gs
us
e
d
i.e
.
P
V,
W
i
nd
Turbine
,
an
d
P
V
-
Win
d
Tu
r
bin
e
Hyb
rid
c
onnected
to
3P3
W
distri
bu
ti
on
syst
e
m
with
38
0
volt
(
L
-
L
)
an
d
50
Hz
fr
e
qu
e
ncy,
t
hro
ugh
UPQC
-
BE
S
syst
em
.
PV
arr
ay
produce
powe
r
unde
r
fi
xe
d
te
m
per
at
ur
e
an
d
ra
diati
on
a
s
well
as co
nnect
to UP
QC
-
DC li
nk th
r
ough a
D
C/
DC boo
st
co
nv
e
rter.
T
he
m
axim
u
m
p
ow
e
r
point trac
king
(MPPT
)
m
et
ho
d
with
P
ertu
b
a
nd
O
bs
e
rv
e
r
(P
a
nd
O)
al
gorithm
s
helps
PV
pro
duce
m
axi
m
u
m
pow
er
a
nd
ge
ne
rate
outp
ut
vo
lt
age
,
a
s
t
he
input
vo
lt
age
f
or
DC/
DC
boost
co
nverter
.
T
he
c
onve
rter
se
rv
es
to
a
dju
st
du
ty
-
cy
c
le
val
ue
a
nd
ou
t
pu
t
volt
age
of
P
V
as
it
s
in
put
vo
lt
a
ge
t
o
pr
oduce
a
n
outp
ut
volt
age
co
rr
e
s
pondin
g
t
o
U
P
QC
DC
li
nk
volt
age.
W
i
nd
tur
bi
ne
ty
pe
us
e
d
is
a
pe
rm
anen
t
m
agn
et
ic
synch
ron
ou
s
ge
ner
at
or
(
PMSG
)
with
va
riable
sp
ee
d
a
nd
fixe
d
vo
lt
age
w
hich
gen
e
rati
ng
po
wer
a
nd
is
co
nnect
ed
to
UPQ
C
DC
li
nk
ci
rc
uit
thr
ough
A
C/
DC
br
i
dg
e
r
ect
ifie
r.
The
recti
fier
he
lps
to
c
ha
ng
e
AC
PSM
G
sta
t
or
outp
ut
volt
age
to
DC
volt
age
th
rou
gh
LC
ci
rcu
it
that
ser
ves
to
filt
er
and
sm
ooth
it
bef
ore
c
onnected
to
UPQ
C
-
DC
li
nk.BE
S
co
nn
ect
e
d
to
the
UPQC
-
DC
li
nk
ci
rc
uit
ser
ves
as
energy
st
or
a
ge
an
d
is
ex
pect
ed
t
o
ov
e
rc
ome
inter
ruptio
n
vo
lt
age
a
nd
overall
help
U
P
QC
perform
ance
to
i
m
pr
ove
volt
ag
e
and
cu
rr
e
nt
qual
it
y
on
s
ourc
e
and
loa
d
bus.
Si
m
ulati
on
pa
ram
et
ers
pr
op
ose
d
in
t
his
stu
dy
is
sh
ow
n
i
n
A
pp
e
nd
i
x
Sect
ion.
P
ow
e
r
qual
it
y
analy
sis
is
perform
ed
on
P
V,
W
i
nd,
P
V
-
Win
d
Hyb
rid
res
pe
ct
ively
,
connecte
d
to 3P3
W
syst
em
throu
gh
U
P
QC D
C
-
li
nk (
on
-
gr
id)
us
in
g
BE
S circu
it
.
Si
ng
le
p
ha
se
ci
rc
uit
breake
rs
(CBs) a
re
us
e
d t
o
c
onnect a
nd
d
isc
onnect P
V
, W
i
nd, a
nd H
y
br
i
d
P
V
-
Win
d resp
ect
ively
wi
th UPQC
DC
-
l
ink
.
Ther
e
a
re
six
di
sturb
a
nce
sce
na
rios i
.e.
(
1)
N
L,
(2)
Un
ba
-
N
L,
(3)
D
is
-
N
L,
(4) Sag
-
NL, (
5)
Sw
el
l
-
NL,
and (6)
I
nter
-
NL
. I
n
sce
n
a
rio
1
,
the
m
od
el
is
co
nnect
ed
a
non
-
li
near
l
oad w
it
h
R
L
a
nd
L
L
of
60
O
hm
an
d
0.1
5
m
H
resp
ect
ively
.
In
scena
rio
2,
the
m
od
el
is
c
onnected
to
no
n
-
li
nea
r
loa
d
a
nd
duri
ng
0.3
s
since
t=
0.2
s
to
t=
0.5
s
co
nn
ect
e
d t
o
unbalance
th
re
e
phase
loa
d
w
it
h R
1
, R
2
, R
3
a
s
6
O
hm
, 12
O
hm
, 24
Oh
m
re
sp
ect
ively
, a
nd
value
of
C
1
,
C
2
,
C
3
a
s
2200
μF.
In
sc
enar
i
o
3,
t
he
m
od
el
is
co
nnect
ed
to
non
-
li
nea
r
loa
d
a
nd
s
our
ce
volt
age
ge
ne
rati
ng
5
th
an
d
7
th
harm
on
ic
com
po
ne
nts
wit
h
in
di
vidual
ha
rm
onic
distor
ti
on
va
lues
of
5%
a
nd
2%
re
s
pect
ively
.
In
sce
nar
i
o
4,
the
m
od
el
is
co
nn
ect
e
d
t
o
non
-
li
near
loa
d
a
nd
s
ource
e
xp
e
r
ie
nces
a
sa
g
volt
age
distu
rb
a
nce
of
50% for
0.3 s
betwee
n
t=
0.2
s to
t=
0.5 s.
In
scenari
o 5,
t
he m
od
el
is conne
ct
ed
to a
non
-
li
near
l
oad an
d
s
ource
exp
e
riences
a
s
well
vol
ta
ge
disturb
ance
of
50%
for
0.
3
s
be
tween
t=
0.2
s
t
o
t=
0.5
s.
In
sc
enar
i
o
6,
the
m
od
el
is
connecte
d
t
o
non
-
li
near
l
oad
and
s
ource
e
xperie
nces
an
i
nterru
ption
volt
age
i
nterf
e
re
nc
e
of
10
0%
f
or
0.3
s
betwee
n
t=
0.2
s
to
t=
0.5
s.
F
LC
is
us
e
d
a
s
a
DC
volt
age
c
on
t
ro
l
i
n
a
s
hu
nt
act
ive
filt
er
to
im
pr
ov
e
the
powe
r
qu
al
it
y
of
the
l
oad
volt
age
a
nd
c
urren
t
s
ourc
e
an
d
c
om
par
e
it
with
PI
co
ntr
oller.
Eac
h
disturba
nce
sce
nari
o
use
s
a PI c
on
tr
oller
and FLC
s
o
tha
t t
he
total
of
12 d
ist
ur
ban
ces
.
The res
ult anal
ysi
s o
f
r
es
earc
h was c
ar
ried o
ut i.
e
.
(1)
volt
age
a
nd
cu
rr
e
nt
on
s
ource
or
poin
c
omm
on
coupling
(P
CC
)
bus,
(2)
volt
age
a
nd
cu
rr
e
nt
on
l
oa
d
bus
,
(3)
ha
rm
on
ic
volt
age
an
d
harm
on
ic
cur
re
nt
on
s
ource
bus
and
(4)
ha
rm
on
ic
volt
age
an
d
ha
rm
on
ic
current
on
load
bu
s
.
The
final
ph
ase
is
to
com
par
e
pe
r
form
ance
of
U
PQ
C
-
BE
S
syst
e
m
on
-
gr
i
d
supp
li
ed
by
PV,
W
i
nd
,
PV
-
Wi
nd
Hyb
rid
res
pecti
vel
y
us
i
ng
tw
o
c
on
t
ro
ll
ers
to
i
m
pr
ov
e
po
wer
qual
it
y
of
loa
d
volt
age
an
d
so
urce
current
unde
r
s
ix d
ist
urban
c
e
conditi
ons.
S
h
u
n
t
A
c
t
i
v
e
F
i
l
t
e
r
C
d
c
V
d
c
B
a
t
t
e
r
y
E
n
e
r
g
y
S
t
o
r
a
g
e
B
o
o
s
t
C
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
i
s
h
b
i
s
h
c
i
s
h
a
i
L
a
i
L
b
i
L
c
C
B
1
3
P
h
a
s
e
G
r
i
d
L
s
R
s
L
s
e
-
+
+
+
-
-
v
c
a
v
c
b
v
c
c
C
r
R
r
L
s
R
s
L
s
R
s
L
s
e
L
s
e
V
s
a
i
s
a
i
s
b
i
s
c
V
s
b
V
s
c
S
e
r
i
e
s
A
c
t
i
v
e
F
i
l
t
e
r
L
c
R
c
L
c
R
c
L
c
R
c
V
L
a
V
L
c
V
L
b
C
1
R
1
C
2
R
2
C
3
R
3
L
L
R
L
R
e
c
t
i
f
i
e
r
U
n
b
a
l
a
n
c
e
L
o
a
d
N
o
n
L
i
n
e
a
r
L
o
a
d
P
V
A
r
r
a
y
L
s
h
L
s
h
L
s
h
C
p
v
L
C
L
L
1
C
1
i
p
v
+
-
v
p
v
P
C
C
B
u
s
L
o
a
d
B
u
s
P
M
S
G
W
i
n
d
R
e
c
t
i
f
i
e
r
i
s
w
-
a
i
s
w
-
b
i
s
w
-
c
C
B
2
L
C
L
U
P
Q
C
-
B
E
S
S
y
s
t
e
m
F
igure
1.
Pro
pose
d
m
od
el
of
UPQC
-
BES
syst
e
m
su
ppli
ed by P
V
, W
in
d,
and
PV
-
W
in
d Hybr
i
d
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S
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:
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8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
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g,
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ol.
9
, N
o.
3
,
June
2019 :
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-
1495
1482
2.2.
P
hotov
olta
ic
m
od
el
Figure
2
s
hows
the
e
qu
i
valent
ci
rcu
it
a
nd
V
-
I
char
act
e
risti
c
of
a
s
olar
pan
el
.
A
so
la
r
pa
nel
is
com
po
se
d
of sev
e
ral P
V
c
el
ls t
hat h
a
ve
s
eries,
par
al
le
l,
or series
-
pa
rall
el
ex
te
r
nal con
necti
ons [1
4].
(a)
(b)
Figure
2. Eq
ui
valent circ
uit a
nd V
-
I
ch
a
ract
erist
ic
o
f
so
la
r panel
The V
-
I
c
har
ac
te
risti
c o
f
a
s
olar panel is
sho
wed in
(
1)
:
P
S
t
S
o
PV
R
I
R
V
aV
I
R
V
I
I
I
1
e
x
p
(1)
wh
e
re
I
PV
is
the
phot
ovoltai
c
cur
re
nt,
I
o
is
sat
urat
ed
r
ever
se
c
urre
nt,
‘
a’
is
the
i
deal
diode
c
onsta
nt
,
V
t
=N
S
KTq
-
1
is
t
he
the
rm
al
vo
ltage,
N
S
is
the
num
ber
of
se
ries
cel
ls,
q
is
the
e
le
ct
ro
n
c
harge
,
K
is
the
Bolt
zm
ann
const
ant,
T
is
t
he
te
m
per
at
ur
e
of
p
–
n
jun
ct
i
on,
R
S
a
nd
R
P
a
re
se
ries
a
nd
pa
rall
el
equ
i
val
ent
resist
a
nce
of
the
so
la
r
pan
el
s.
I
PV
has
a
li
near
relat
ion
with
li
gh
t
inte
ns
it
y
and
al
so
va
ries
with
te
m
per
at
ur
e
va
riat
ion
s
.
I
o
is de
pende
nt
on tem
per
at
ur
e
v
a
riat
ion
s.
T
he
v
al
ue
s
of
I
pv
and
I
o
ar
e ca
lc
ul
at
ed
as
f
ol
lo
w
ing
(
2)
a
nd
(3):
I
G
G
T
K
I
I
n
n
PV
PV
)
(
1
,
(2)
1
/
)
e
x
p(
,
,
t
V
n
OC
I
n
SC
o
aV
T
K
V
T
K
I
I
(3)
In w
hic
h
I
PV,n
,
I
SC,n
and
V
OC,n
are pho
t
ovoltai
c
cu
rr
e
nt,
s
hort circuit
c
urren
t
an
d op
e
n
ci
rc
ui
t
vo
lt
a
ge
i
n
sta
nd
a
rd
c
ondi
ti
on
s
(
T
n
=
25
C
an
d
G
n
=
1000
W
m
-
2
)
re
sp
ect
i
vely
.
K
I
is
th
e
coeffic
ie
nt
of
s
hort
ci
rc
uit
c
urren
t
to
tem
per
at
ur
e
,
∆
T=T
-
T
n
is
the
t
e
m
per
at
ure
de
viati
on
from
st
and
a
r
d
te
m
per
at
ur
e,
G
is
t
he
li
gh
t
inte
ns
it
y
and
K
V
i
s
the
rati
o
c
oe
ffi
ci
ent
of
open
ci
rc
uit
volt
ag
e
to
te
m
per
at
ur
e.
O
pe
n
ci
rc
ui
t
vo
lt
ag
e,
sho
rt
ci
rc
uit
c
urre
nt
a
nd
vo
lt
age
-
c
urren
t
corres
pondin
g
to
the
m
axim
u
m
po
w
er
a
re
th
ree
im
po
rtant
points
of
I
-
V
c
ha
racteri
sti
c
of
s
olar
pan
el
.
T
hese
points
are
c
hang
ed
by
va
riat
ions
of
at
m
os
ph
e
ric
c
onditi
on
s
.
By
us
i
ng
(4)
an
d
(5)
w
hich
are
de
rive
d
from
PV
m
od
el
equ
at
i
on
s
,
sh
ort
ci
rc
uit
c
urren
t
a
nd
open
ci
rc
uit
volt
age
ca
n
be
ca
lc
ulate
d
in
dif
fer
e
nt
atm
os
ph
e
ric c
onditi
ons.
n
SC
SC
G
G
T
K
I
I
)
(
1
(4)
T
K
V
V
V
OC
OC
(5)
2.3.
P
MSG w
ind t
ur
bine
W
i
nd
t
urbine
i
s
one
of
pa
rt
of
an
inte
gr
at
e
d
s
yst
e
m
,
wh
ic
h
c
an
be
di
vid
e
d
i
nto
tw
o
ty
pes
i.
e.
fi
xe
d
a
nd
var
ia
ble
sp
ee
d
wind
tu
rb
i
nes.
In
fixe
d
s
peed
ty
pe,
r
otati
ng
s
peed
of
tur
bine
is
fixed
a
nd
hen
ce
,
f
reque
nc
y
of
gen
e
rated
volt
age
rem
ai
ns
c
on
sta
nt,
s
o
it
c
an
be
di
rectl
y
connecte
d
to
t
he
netw
ork.
In
this
case,
m
axim
u
m
powe
r
ca
n
not
al
ways
be
e
xtr
act
ed
by
wind.
On
the
ot
her
ha
nd,
on
var
ia
ble
sp
ee
d,
t
urbine
can
ro
ta
te
at
di
f
fer
e
nt
sp
ee
ds
,
s
o
m
a
xim
u
m
po
wer
can
be
ge
ner
at
ed
in
eac
h
wi
nd
spe
ed
by
MPPT
m
et
ho
d
[
10
]
.
T
he
a
dv
a
ntage
of
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0
50
100
150
200
V
olt
age
(V
olt
)
C
urre
nt
(Am
per
e)
120
0
W
/
m
2
100
0
W
/
m
2
800
W
/
m
2
600
W
/
m
2
400
W
/
m
2
200
W
/
m
2
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
Matla
b/simu
li
nk
sim
ula
ti
on
of unif
ie
d
powe
r
qualit
y co
ndit
ion
e
r
-
ba
tt
ery e
ner
gy
sto
rage
…
(
Amirulla
h
)
1483
us
in
g
a
PMS
G
ov
e
r
a
sync
hro
nous ge
ne
rator an
d DF
I
G
m
a
chine
b
eca
us
e
it
h
as
h
i
gh ef
fic
ie
ncy an
d reli
a
bili
ty
.
D
ue
to
t
he e
li
m
inati
on
of
r
oto
r
exter
nal
e
xc
it
at
ion
, m
achine
siz
e,
a
nd
co
st
al
so
decr
e
ases
, m
aking
PM
S
G
to
be
m
or
e
con
tr
olled
easi
ly
with
feedbac
k
c
on
tr
ol
syst
em
.
PM
SG
has
bec
om
e
an
at
tract
ive
s
olu
ti
on
on
wi
nd
gen
e
rati
on
syst
e
m
s
with v
aria
ble
s
peed
wi
nd
tur
bin
e
a
pp
li
c
at
ion
s [15
]
. F
igure 3
a
nd 4
s
hows
m
od
el
of PMS
G
wind tu
r
bin
e a
nd w
i
nd tu
rb
i
n
powe
r
c
har
act
e
risti
c
curve.
Figure
3. Mo
de
l of PMS
G wind tu
rb
i
ne
Figure
4.
W
i
nd turbin
po
wer
c
har
act
erist
ic
c
urve
The o
utput p
ower
of
wind
tu
rb
i
ne
ca
n be e
xpress
ed
u
si
ng (6), (
7), a
nd (8
) [11]
.
w
i
n
d
r
V
R
(6)
3
2
2
1
w
i
n
d
p
M
V
C
R
P
(7)
3
3
5
2
1
M
p
r
M
M
C
R
P
T
(8)
Wh
e
re
λ
is
t
he
sp
ee
d
-
ti
p
rati
o,
V
wind
is
wind
sp
ee
d,
R
is
blade
ra
dius,
ω
r
is
ro
to
r
s
pee
d
(r
a
d/sec),
ρ
is
the
ai
r
densi
ty
,
C
P
is
t
he
po
wer
c
oeff
ic
ie
nt,
P
M
is
the
ou
t
pu
t
m
echani
cal
po
we
r,
a
nd
T
M
is
ou
tp
ut
to
rque
of
wind
tu
rb
i
ne.
The
C
P
c
oeffici
ent
is
de
pe
nd
e
nt
on
t
he
pitch
an
gle
val
ue,
a
t
wh
ic
h
r
otor
bl
ade
can
r
otate
al
ong
a
xis
a
nd
ti
p
-
sp
ee
d
rati
o λ e
xpresse
d
i
n
(
9)
.
0
0.
2
0.
4
0.
6
0.
8
1
1.
2
1.
4
0.
2
0.
4
0.
6
0.
8
1
1.
2
1
.
2
p
u
M
ax
.
pow
er
at
bas
e
w
ind
s
pee
d
(5
m
/
s
)
and
bet
a
=
0
deg
3
m
/
s
3.
4
m
/
s
3.
8
m
/
s
4.
2
m
/
s
4.
6
m
/
s
5
m
/
s
5.
4
m
/
s
5.
8
m
/
s
T
urb
ine
s
pee
d
(pu
of
nom
ina
l
gen
era
t
or
s
pee
d)
T
urb
ine
out
put
pow
er
(pu
)
T
urb
ine
P
ow
er
C
har
ac
t
eris
t
ic
s
(P
it
c
h
ang
le
bet
a
=
2
deg
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
9
, N
o.
3
,
June
2019 :
1479
-
1495
1484
)
3
.
0
13
(
)
2
(
s
i
n
)
1
6
7
.
0
44
.
0
(
P
C
(9)
Wh
e
re β
is a
pi
tc
h
an
gle
blade
. In
a
f
ixe
d pit
c
h
ty
pe, t
he val
ue of
β is set t
o a fi
xed v
al
ue.
2.4.
Contr
ol
of
seri
es
act
iv
e filter
The
m
ai
n
f
unc
ti
on
of
se
ries
a
ct
ive
filt
er
is
a
s
a
se
ns
it
ive
l
oa
d
protect
io
n
a
gainst
a
nu
m
ber
of
volt
age
interfe
ren
ce
at
PCC
bu
s
.
The
con
t
ro
l
strat
e
gy
al
go
rithm
of
the
source
a
nd
loa
d
volt
age
in
series
act
ive
filt
er
ci
rcu
it
is s
how
n
in
Fig
ur
e
5.
I
t extract
s the
unit
v
ect
or tem
plate
s f
r
om
the d
ist
or
te
d
in
put
su
pply
. Fu
rthe
r
m
or
e,
the
te
m
plate
s
a
re
ex
pected
t
o
be
ideal
sin
uso
idal
sign
al
with
un
it
y
am
plit
ud
e.
The
disto
rted
s
upply
volt
ag
es
are
m
easur
ed
and
div
ide
d by
pea
k
am
plit
ud
e
of
fun
dam
ental
inp
ut
volt
age
V
m
giv
e
in
(
10) [6]
.
2
2
2
3
2
sc
sb
sa
m
V
V
V
V
(10)
A t
hr
ee
ph
a
se
l
ock
e
d
lo
op
(PLL
)
is
us
e
d i
n
order
to
ge
ner
a
te
a
si
nuso
i
dal
un
it
vect
or
te
m
plate
s
with
a
ph
a
se lag
ging
by the
us
e
of si
nu
s
fu
nction. T
he
re
fe
ren
ce
lo
ad vo
lt
age
sig
na
l i
s d
et
erm
ined by m
ulti
ply
i
ng the
un
it
vecto
r
te
m
plate
s
with
the
peak
am
plit
ud
e
of
the
f
undam
ental
in
pu
t
volt
age
V
m
.
Th
e
lo
ad
ref
e
ren
ce
volt
age
(V
La
*
,
V
Lb
*
,
V
c
*
)
is
then
com
par
ed
a
gain
st
to
sense
d
loa
d
volt
age
(V
La
,
V
Lb
,
V
Lc
)
by
a
pu
l
se
widt
h
m
od
ul
at
ion
(PW
M
)
c
ontrol
le
r
us
e
d
t
o gene
rate t
he desire
d
tri
gg
e
r
si
gn
al
on s
e
ries act
iv
e filt
er.
V
s
a
V
s
b
V
c
b
K
K
K
T
h
r
e
e
P
h
a
s
e
P
L
L
F
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
t
o
g
e
t
S
i
n
(
w
t
)
t
e
r
m
s
o
n
l
y
S
i
n
(
w
t
)
S
i
n
(
w
t
-
2
π
)
S
i
n
(
w
t
+
2
π
)
V
*
L
a
V
*
L
b
V
*
L
c
V
L
a
V
L
b
V
L
c
G
a
t
i
n
g
S
i
g
n
a
l
s
S
e
n
s
e
d
L
o
a
d
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
S
e
n
s
e
d
S
o
u
r
c
e
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
P
W
M
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
V
m
=
P
e
a
k
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
t
a
l
i
n
p
u
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
m
a
g
n
i
t
u
d
e
Fig
ure
5. Co
ntr
ol strategy
of s
eries act
ive
filt
er
2.5.
Contr
ol
of
shu
nt
ac
tiv
e filter
The
m
ai
n
funct
ion o
f
s
hu
nt ac
ti
ve
filt
er
is m
i
ti
gation
of
pow
er
qual
it
y pro
bl
e
m
s o
n t
he
l
oa
d si
de. T
he
con
t
ro
l
m
et
ho
dolo
gy i
n
s
hunt
act
ive f
il
te
r
is
that t
he
a
bsor
be
d
c
urre
nt
from
the
PCC
bu
s
is
a
b
al
a
nced
pos
it
ive
seq
uen
ce
c
urre
nt
in
cl
udin
g
un
balance
d
sag
volt
age
co
ndit
ion
s
in
the
PCC
bus
or
unba
la
nc
ed
c
onditi
ons
or
non
-
li
near
loa
ds
.
I
n
orde
r
to
obta
in
sat
isfact
or
y
c
om
pen
sat
ion
c
aesed
by
dist
urban
ce
due
t
o
non
-
li
near
l
oa
d,
m
any
al
gorithm
s
have
be
en
us
ed
i
n
t
he
li
te
ratu
re.
T
his
resear
ch
use
d
i
ns
ta
nta
neous
reacti
ve
power
the
or
y
m
eth
od
"p
-
q
t
heory".
Th
e
volt
ages
an
d
c
urre
nts
in
Ca
rtesi
an
abc
co
ordin
at
es
c
an
be
tran
sf
orm
ed
to
Ca
rtes
ia
n
α
β
coor
din
at
es as
expresse
d
i
n
(
11)
an
d (12
)
[
1
6].
c
b
a
V
V
V
v
v
2
/
3
2
/
3
1
2
/
1
2
/
1
1
(11)
Lc
Lb
La
i
i
i
i
i
2
/
3
2
/
3
1
2
/
1
2
/
1
1
(12)
The
c
om
pu
ta
ti
on
of
the
real
powe
r
(
p)
an
d
i
m
aginar
y
pow
er
(q)
is
sho
we
d
i
n
(13).
T
he
r
eal
powe
r
a
nd
i
m
aginar
y
are
m
easur
ed
insta
ntane
ously
po
wer
an
d
i
n
m
atr
ix
it
is form
is
giv
e
n
as.
T
he
presence
of o
sci
ll
at
ing
and ave
ra
ge
c
om
po
nen
ts i
n
in
sta
ntane
ou
s
po
wer i
s prese
nted
in
(1
4)
[
17
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
Matla
b/simu
li
nk
sim
ula
ti
on
of unif
ie
d
powe
r
qualit
y co
ndit
ion
e
r
-
ba
tt
ery e
ner
gy
sto
rage
…
(
Amirulla
h
)
1485
i
i
v
v
v
v
q
p
(13)
;
~
p
p
p
q
q
q
~
(14)
Wh
e
re
p
=
dire
ct
com
po
ne
nt
of
real
powe
r,
p
~
=
fluctuati
ng
c
om
po
ne
nt
of
real
po
wer,
q
=
direct
com
po
ne
nt
of
i
m
aginar
y
po
w
er,
q
~
=
fluct
uating
com
ponen
t
of
im
aginar
y
powe
r.
The
t
ota
l
i
m
aginar
y
po
wer
(q)
an
d
t
he
flu
ct
uating
c
om
po
ne
nt
of
real
powe
r
a
re
sel
ect
ed
as
power
re
fer
e
nces
a
nd
c
urren
t
ref
e
ren
c
es
a
nd
are
util
iz
ed
thr
ough the
use
of (15)
for
c
om
pen
sat
in
g harm
on
ic
and
reacti
ve
pow
e
r [18]
.
q
p
p
v
v
v
v
v
v
i
i
l
o
s
s
c
c
~
1
2
2
*
*
(15)
The
sig
nal
l
o
s
s
p
,
is
ob
ta
ine
d
f
ro
m
vo
lt
age
regulat
or
a
nd
is
util
iz
ed
a
s
a
ver
a
ge
r
eal
powe
r.
It
c
an
al
s
o
be
sp
eci
fied
as
the
i
ns
ta
nta
neous
act
ive
po
we
r
w
hich
c
orres
ponds
to
the
re
sist
ive
los
s
a
nd
s
witc
hing
loss
of
the
UPQC.
T
he
er
ror
obta
ine
d
on
com
par
in
g
t
he
act
ual
DC
-
l
ink
ca
pacit
or
vo
lt
age
with
t
he
re
fer
e
nce
va
lue
is
processe
d
in F
LC,
en
gag
e
d
by
vo
lt
age
c
on
t
r
ol
loop
as
it
m
i
nim
iz
es
the
ste
ady
sta
te
error
o
f
t
he
volt
age acr
oss
the
DC
li
nk
t
o
zero.
T
he
com
pensat
ing
c
urr
ents
(
*
c
i
,
*
c
i
)
as
re
qu
ired
t
o
m
eet
the
po
wer
dem
and
of
loa
d
a
re
sh
ow
n
i
n
(15).
Thes
e
c
urren
t
s
are
re
pr
es
ent
ed
i
n
α
-
β
c
oor
din
at
es.
T
he
ph
ase
c
urre
nt
is
re
qu
i
red
to
ac
qu
i
r
e
us
in
g
(
16)
f
or com
pen
sat
ion. Th
ese
sou
rce phase
c
urre
nts (
*
sa
i
,
*
sb
i
,
*
sc
i
)
a
re
re
pr
ese
nt
ed
i
n
a
-
b
-
c
axi
s
obta
ine
d
from
the
co
m
pen
sat
in
g
cu
rr
e
nt
in
the
α
-
β
co
ordi
nates
pr
e
sen
te
d
in
(
16)
[
18]
.
Fig
ur
e
6
sho
ws
a
co
ntr
ol
of
sh
unt
act
ive f
il
te
r.
*
*
*
*
*
2
/
3
2
/
1
2
/
3
2
/
1
0
1
3
2
c
c
sc
sb
sa
i
i
i
i
i
(16)
E
q
.
1
1
E
q
.
1
2
V
s
a
V
s
b
V
s
c
i
α
i
β
v
α
v
β
i
L
a
i
L
b
i
L
c
q
p
L
P
F
-
1
v
α
β
I
c
α
*
H
y
s
t
e
r
i
s
i
s
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
i
s
a
*
i
s
b
*
i
s
c
*
G
a
t
i
n
g
S
i
g
n
a
l
s
i
s
a
i
s
b
i
s
c
S
e
n
s
e
d
S
o
u
r
c
e
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
F
u
z
z
y
L
o
g
i
c
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
V
D
C
V
D
C
*
S
e
n
s
e
d
S
o
u
r
c
e
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
S
e
n
s
e
d
L
o
a
d
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
-
+
l
oss
p
v
α
β
-
q
E
q
.
1
3
E
q
.
1
5
I
c
β
*
E
q
.
1
6
-
p
Figure
6.
Co
ntr
ol strategy
of s
hunt acti
ve
f
il
t
er
The
pro
posed
m
od
el
of
UPQC
-
BES
syst
em
su
pp
li
ed
by
three
R
E
s
ources
is
s
how
n
in
Fig
ure
1.
Fr
om
the
fi
gur
e,
we
ca
n
see
t
hat
P
V
is
c
onne
ct
ed
to
the
D
C
li
nk
t
hro
ugh
a
DC
-
DC
bo
ost
co
nv
e
rter
ci
rcu
it
.
The
P
V
pa
rtia
ll
y
distribu
te
s
powe
r
to
the
l
oad
a
nd
the
re
m
ai
ns
is
transfered
t
o
three
phase
gri
d.
T
he
load
consi
sts
of
no
n
li
near
a
nd
unbalance
d
l
oa
d.
T
he
non
-
li
nea
r
l
oad
is
a
diode
recti
fier
ci
r
cuit
with
t
he
R
L
loa
d
ty
pe,
w
hile
the
unbala
nce
d
lo
ad
is
a
th
ree
phase
RC
l
oad
with
diff
e
r
e
nt
R
val
ue
on
ea
ch
ph
a
se.
In
order
to
econom
ic
al
l
y
eff
ic
ie
nt,
P
V m
us
t
al
ways
w
ork i
n
MPP
co
nd
it
ion
.
In
this
re
search
, M
P
PT
m
et
ho
d
us
e
d i
s
P
a
nd
O
al
gorithm
.
The
m
od
el
is
al
so
a
pp
li
ed
f
or
U
PQ
C
-
BE
S
syst
e
m
wh
ic
h
is
supp
li
ed
by
wind
an
d
P
V
-
wind
hybri
d
resp
ect
ively
.
I
n
order
to
ope
r
at
e
pro
per
ly
,
U
PQ
C
-
BE
S
syst
e
m
dev
ic
e
m
ust
have
a
m
ini
m
um
DC
li
nk
vo
lt
age
(V
dc
)
.
T
he
valu
e
of
com
m
on
DC
li
nk
volt
ag
e
de
pends
on
t
he
ns
ta
nta
neou
s
ene
rg
y
a
viala
ble
to
UPQC
is
def
i
ne
d
by in (
17) [16]
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
9
, N
o.
3
,
June
2019 :
1479
-
1495
1486
m
V
V
LL
dc
3
2
2
(17)
wh
e
re
m
is
m
o
du
la
ti
on
in
de
x
and
V
LL
is
the
AC
gri
d
li
ne
volt
age
of
U
PQC
.
Co
ns
ide
rin
g
that
m
od
ulati
on
in
de
x
as
1
a
nd
f
or
l
ine
t
o
li
ne
gr
i
d
volt
age
(
V
LL
=
380
volt
),
t
he
V
dc
is
obta
ined
620,
54
vo
lt
an
d
sel
ec
te
d
as
650 v
olt.
The
i
nput
of
s
hunt
act
ive
filt
er
s
howe
d
in
Figu
re
5
is
D
C
volt
age
(
V
dc
)
a
nd
ref
e
ren
c
e
DC
volt
ag
e
(V
dc
*
)
, w
hile
the
ou
t
pu
t
is
l
o
s
s
p
by
us
in
g
P
I c
ontr
ol
le
r.
The
n,
the
l
o
s
s
p
is
as
on
e
of
i
nput
var
ia
ble
to
ge
ner
at
e
the
ref
e
ren
ce
s
our
ce
c
urren
t
(
I
sa
*
,
I
sb
*
,
a
nd
I
sc
*
).
T
he
re
fer
e
nce
s
ource
cu
rr
e
nt
ou
t
pu
t
is
t
hen
c
om
par
ed
to
s
ourc
e
current
(I
sa
,
I
sb
,
an
d
I
sc
)
by
th
e
cu
rr
e
nt
hyste
resis
co
ntr
ol
to
ge
ner
at
e
tri
gger
sig
nal
in
I
G
BT
ci
rcu
it
of
s
hunt
act
ive
filt
er.
I
n
this
resea
rch,
FLC
as
DC
vo
lt
age
co
ntr
ol
al
go
rit
hm
on
shun
t
act
ive
f
il
te
r
is
propos
ed
a
nd
com
par
ed
with
P
I
c
ontr
oller.
The
FLC
is
capa
ble
of
re
du
ce
os
ci
la
ti
on
a
nd
gen
e
rat
e
quic
k
co
nve
rg
e
nc
e
cal
culat
ion
durin
g
dist
urbance
s.
T
his
m
eth
od
is
al
s
o
use
d
to
overc
ome
the
wea
knes
s
of
PI
co
ntr
ol
le
r
in
determ
ining
propo
rtion
al
gain
(K
p
)
a
nd inte
gral
g
ai
n
c
on
sta
nt (K
i
)
which
s
ti
ll
u
se trial
and e
rror m
et
ho
d.
2.6.
F
uz
z
y
log
ic
contr
oller
The
r
esearc
h
is
sta
rted
by
dete
rm
ine
l
o
s
s
p
as
the
i
nput
va
riable
t
o
res
ult
the r
ef
eren
ce so
ur
ce
cu
r
ren
t o
n
current
hyste
re
sis
co
ntr
oller
to
ge
ner
at
e
tri
gger
si
gn
al
on
the
IG
BT
s
hu
nt
act
ive
filt
er
of
U
PQ
C
us
i
ng
P
I
con
t
ro
ll
er
(
K
p
=
0.2
a
nd
K
i
=
1.5).
By
us
in
g
th
e
sam
e
procedu
re,
l
o
s
s
p
i
s
a
lso
determ
ined
by
us
in
g
F
LC.
The
FLC
has
be
en
wi
dely
us
e
d
in
rece
nt
in
dustria
l
process
because
it
has
heurist
ic
,
sim
pl
er,
m
or
e
eff
ect
i
ve
an
d
has
m
ulti
ru
le
base
d
var
ia
bles
in
both
li
nea
r
an
d
no
n
-
li
nea
r
syst
em
var
ia
ti
on
s
.
The
m
ai
n
com
po
ne
nts
of
FLC
are
fu
zzi
ficat
ion,
decisi
on
m
aking
(
ru
le
base,
databas
e,
r
easo
n
m
e
chan
ism
)
an
d
de
f
uzzifica
ti
on
in
Figure
7.
T
he
ou
t
pu
t
m
e
m
ber
sh
ip
f
un
ct
io
n
i
s
ge
ner
at
e
d
us
ing
infe
re
nce
blo
ck
s
an
d
t
he
ba
sic
ru
le
s
of
F
LC
as
sh
ow
n
in
Ta
ble 1
.
D
a
t
a
b
a
s
e
R
e
a
s
o
n
M
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
R
u
l
e
b
a
s
e
F
u
z
z
y
L
o
g
i
c
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
F
u
z
z
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
D
e
f
u
z
z
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
V
d
c
V
d
c
*
V
d
c
-
e
r
r
o
r
er
r
o
r
dc
V
_
loss
p
Figure
7. Dia
gra
m
b
lock
of
F
LC
Table
1
.
Fu
zzy
Rule Base
V
dc
-
er
r
o
r
N
B
N
M
NS
Z
PS
P
M
P
B
∆V
dc
-
er
r
or
P
B
Z
PS
PS
PM
PM
PB
PB
P
M
NS
Z
PS
PS
PM
PM
PB
PS
NS
NS
Z
PS
PS
PM
PM
Z
NM
NS
NS
Z
PS
PS
PM
NS
NM
NM
NS
NS
Z
PS
PS
N
M
NB
NM
NM
NS
NS
Z
PS
N
B
NB
NB
NM
NM
NS
NS
Z
The
f
uzzy
r
ule
al
gorithm
colle
ct
s
a
nu
m
ber
of
fu
zzy
co
ntr
ol
ru
le
s
in
a
par
ti
cular
orde
r.
T
hi
s
r
ule
is
us
e
d
to
co
ntro
l
the
s
yst
e
m
to
m
eet
the
desire
d
perform
ance
requirem
ents
and
th
ey
are
desig
ne
d
f
ro
m
a
nu
m
ber
of
intel
li
gen
t
syst
e
m
con
tr
ol
knowle
dge.
T
he
f
uz
zy
infer
e
nce
of
FLC
us
i
ng
Mam
dan
i
m
e
thod
relat
ed
to
m
ax
-
m
in
com
po
sit
ion
.
T
he
f
uzzy
in
fere
nce
syst
em
in
FLC
co
ns
ist
s
of
t
hr
ee
par
ts:
ru
le
base,
data
base,
a
nd
reas
on
i
ng
m
echan
ism
[19].
T
he
FLC
m
et
ho
d
is
pe
rfor
m
ed
by
determ
ining
in
put
var
ia
bles
V
dc
(V
dc
-
error
)
a
nd
de
lt
a
V
dc
(ΔV
dc
-
error
),
se
ven
li
nguisti
c
fu
zzy
set
s
,
operati
on
f
uz
zy
blo
c
k
syst
em
(fuzzy
ficat
ion,
f
uzzy
r
ule
ba
se
an
d
defuzzifi
cat
io
n),
V
dc
-
error
a
nd
ΔV
dc
-
error
duri
ng
fu
zzi
ficat
ion
proce
ss,
f
uz
zy
r
ule
base
t
able,
cris
p
val
ue
to
determ
ine
l
o
s
s
p
in
defuzzifi
cat
io
n
ph
a
se.
T
he
l
o
s
s
p
is
on
e
of
in
put
var
ia
ble
t
o
ob
t
ai
n
com
pen
sat
ing
c
urre
nts
(
*
c
i
,
*
c
i
)
in
(16
).
D
uri
ng
f
uzzifica
ti
on
proces
s,
a
nu
m
ber
of
i
nput
var
ia
bles
a
re
c
al
culat
ed
a
nd
c
onve
rted
int
o
li
ng
uisti
c
va
ria
bles
base
d
on
a
subset
cal
le
d
m
e
m
ber
sh
ip
functi
on.
T
he
er
r
or
V
dc
(
V
dc
-
error
)
an
d
delta
erro
r
V
dc
(ΔV
dc
-
error
)
are
pro
po
se
d
in
put
var
ia
ble
syst
e
m
and
outp
ut
var
ia
ble
is
l
o
s
s
p
.
To
tran
sla
te
these
var
ia
bles
,
ea
ch
input
an
d
outp
ut
var
ia
ble
is
de
sign
e
d
usi
ng
s
even
m
e
m
ber
sh
ip
f
unct
io
ns
:
Neg
at
ive
Bi
g
(
NB),
Ne
gative
Me
di
um
(N
M)
,
Ne
gativ
e
Sm
a
ll
(N
S)
,
Zero
(Z
),
P
os
it
ive
Sm
all
(P
S)
,
Po
sit
ive
Me
di
um
(P
M)
and
P
os
it
ive
Bi
g
(
PB).
T
he
m
e
m
ber
sh
ip
f
un
ct
io
ns
of
cri
sp
in
put
an
d
ou
tp
ut
are
prese
nted
with
tria
ngula
r
an
d
t
rapez
oid
al
m
e
m
b
ersh
i
p
functi
ons.
T
he
value
of
V
dc
-
error
ran
ge
f
r
om
-
650
to
650,
ΔV
dc
-
error
from
-
650
to
65
0,
an
d
l
o
s
s
p
from
-
100
to
10
0.
The
i
nput a
nd
ou
t
pu
t M
Fs a
re
shown i
n
Fi
gu
re
8.
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In
t J
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88
-
8708
Matla
b/simu
li
nk
sim
ula
ti
on
of unif
ie
d
powe
r
qualit
y co
ndit
ion
e
r
-
ba
tt
ery e
ner
gy
sto
rage
…
(
Amirulla
h
)
1487
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure
8. Me
m
ber
s
hip f
unct
io
ns
(a) V
dc
-
error
, (b
)
ΔV
dc
-
error
, a
nd (
c
)
l
o
s
s
p
Af
te
r
t
he
V
dc
-
er
ror
and
ΔV
dc
-
erro
r
are
obta
ine
d,
then
tw
o
in
put
m
e
m
ber
sh
ip
f
un
ct
io
ns
a
re
c
onve
rted
to
li
ng
uisti
c
var
ia
bles
a
nd
use
s
t
hem
as
input
f
un
ct
io
ns
f
or
F
LC.
T
he
ou
t
put
m
e
m
ber
sh
ip
functi
on
is
ge
ne
rated
us
in
g
i
nf
e
ren
c
e
blo
c
ks
an
d
t
he
basic
ru
le
s
of
FLC
as
s
hown
in
Table
1.
Finall
y
the
de
fu
zzi
ficat
io
n
bl
oc
k
op
e
rates
t
o
co
nvert
ge
nerat
ed
l
o
s
s
p
outp
ut
from
li
nguisti
c
to
num
erical
var
ia
ble
agai
n.
T
hen
i
t
bec
om
es
inpu
t
var
ia
ble
f
or
cu
rr
e
nt
hyste
re
sis
co
ntr
oller
to
pro
duce
trig
ge
r
sign
al
on
the
I
GBT
ci
rc
uit
of
UPQC
s
hunt
act
ive
filt
er
to
re
du
ce
so
urce
c
urren
t
and
l
oad
volt
ag
e
har
m
on
ic
s.
Wh
il
e
sim
ultaneousl
y,
it
al
so
im
pr
ov
e
power
qu
al
it
y
of 3
P
3W syst
e
m
u
nd
er
six sc
enar
i
os
du
e
to
t
he
inte
gr
at
io
n of t
hr
ee
RE s
ources
to
UPQC
-
BES syst
em
.
3.
RES
ULTS
A
ND AN
ALYSIS
The
a
naly
sis
of
pro
posed
m
odel
is
in
vestigat
ed
t
hroug
h
det
erm
inati
on
of
s
ix
disturba
nce
scenari
os
i.e
.
(1)
NL,
(
2)
U
nba
-
NL,
(
3)
Dis
-
NL
,
(
4)
Sa
g
-
NL,
(
5)
Sw
el
l
-
NL,
a
nd
(6)
In
t
er
-
NL.
Each
sc
enar
i
o
of
UPQ
C
us
es
PI
co
ntr
oller
a
nd
F
LC
s
o
tota
l
num
ber
of
di
sturbance
a
re
12
s
cena
rios.
B
y
us
i
ng
Ma
tl
ab
/Sim
ulink
,
t
he
m
od
el
is
then
ex
ecute
d
acc
ordin
g
to
the
desire
d
sc
enar
i
o
to
ob
ta
i
n
c
urve
of
s
ou
rce
vo
lt
age
(
V
s
),
l
oad
volt
age
(
V
L
),
com
pen
sat
ion
vo
lt
age
(V
c
),
s
ource
c
urre
nt
(
V
s
),
loa
d
cu
rr
e
nt
(
I
L
)
,
a
nd
DC
volt
age
DC
li
nk
(
V
dc
)
.
T
he
n,
TH
D
value
of
s
ourc
e
vo
lt
age
,
sour
ce
c
urren
t,
loa
d
volt
age,
a
nd
load
c
urren
t
in
eac
h
phase
as
well
as
a
ver
a
ge
T
H
D
value
(Avg
T
HD)
are
obta
ined
base
on
t
he
curves.
T
H
D
in
each
ph
ase
is
determ
ined
in
one
cy
cl
e
sta
rted
at
t =
0.
35
s
.
T
he
res
ults o
f
av
erag
e
of
s
ource
v
oltage
, s
ou
rc
e curren
t, l
oad
vo
lt
age
, and
lo
ad
cu
rr
e
nt of 3P
3W
syst
e
m
us
in
g
U
PQ
C
-
BE
S
syst
e
m
supp
li
ed
by
th
ree
RE
s
ourc
es
i.e.
P
V,
wind,
an
d
P
V
-
wind
hybri
d
a
re
pr
esente
d
in Ta
ble 2,
3,
a
nd 4.
Nex
t
TH
D
in
each
phas
e
an
d
a
ver
a
ge THD
are
s
how
ed
in
Ta
ble 5,
6
a
nd 7.
Table
2
s
how
s
UPQC
-
BES
syst
e
m
su
pp
l
ie
d
PV
c
onne
ct
ed
3P3
W
syst
e
m
us
ing
P
I
and
FLC
,
disturba
nce
sce
nar
i
os
1
to
5
pr
oduce
a
n
a
ve
ra
ge
loa
d
volt
age
ab
ov
e
30
7
V.
Wh
il
e
in
sce
na
rio
6,
FLC
pro
du
ce
s
a
highe
r
ave
ra
ge
load
volt
age
of
304.1
V
tha
n
if
us
i
ng
a
P
Iof
28
6.7
V.
If
re
viewe
d
f
r
om
a
ver
a
ge
s
ource
curren
t
with
P
I,
the
highest
a
nd
lo
west
ave
rag
e
s
ourc
e
cu
rr
e
nts
a
re
ge
ner
at
e
d
by
dis
tur
ban
ce
sce
na
rios
2
a
nd
4
of
28.15
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N
:
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In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
9
, N
o.
3
,
June
2019 :
1479
-
1495
1488
A
a
nd
7,24
6 A.
Wh
e
reas
if
u
si
ng F
LC t
he hig
hest a
n
d
l
ow
e
s
t ave
rag
e
s
ourc
e cu
rrents
are
a
chieve
d i
n sce
nar
i
o
2 a
nd
6
of
28.
84
A
an
d
3.8
04
A.
Ta
ble
3 s
ho
ws
UPQC
-
BE
S
s
upplied
by
wind
c
onnecte
d t
o
3P3
W
with
PI
a
nd
FLC,
sce
nar
io
s
1
to
5
is
able
to
obta
in
a
s
ta
ble
load
vo
lt
age
above
308
V.
The
diff
e
ren
c
e
is
tha
t
in
scena
rio
6,
PI ge
ner
at
es
a
l
oad
vo
lt
a
ge o
f 274.
8 V
,
o
t
herwise i
f
us
in
g F
LC, lo
ad
vo
lt
a
ge
i
ncr
ea
ses t
o
306.4
V.
If
revi
ewed
from
so
urce
c
urre
nt u
sin
g
P
I, t
he
highest
a
nd
lowe
st
a
ver
a
ge
sour
ce
c
urrent
s
are r
es
ulted b
y
sce
nar
i
os
2
an
d 4
of
28.28
A
a
nd
7.
417
A
.
Ra
t
he
r,
if
usi
ng
FL
C,
the
highest
and
l
ow
est
a
ve
rag
e
s
ource
c
urren
ts
are
ac
hie
ved
i
n
scenari
o
2
a
nd
6
of
28.
82
A
and
3,4
20
A.
Table
4
s
how
s
UPQC
-
BES
s
upplied
P
V
-
wi
nd
hybri
d
c
on
nected
3P3
W
us
i
ng
PI
an
d
FLC,
sce
na
rios
1
to
5
pro
du
ce
an
ave
rage
load
vo
lt
age
above
307
V.
Wh
il
e
in
scena
rio
6,
FLC
ge
ne
rates
an
ave
ra
ge
lo
ad
vo
lt
a
ge
305.9
V
hi
gh
e
r
t
ha
n
if
usi
ng
P
I
c
on
t
ro
l
of
283.9
V.
I
f
re
viewe
d
from
aver
a
ge
sou
rce
cu
rr
e
nt w
it
h
P
I,
t
he
hi
gh
est
a
nd
lo
west
ave
r
age sour
ce
c
urr
ents
a
re r
es
ulted b
y
s
cena
rios 2
a
nd
4
of
28.
21
A
a
nd
6,773
A
.
Ot
herwise
i
f
us
in
g
FLC
t
he
high
est
an
d
lo
west
aver
a
ge
sou
rce
cu
rr
e
nts
are
ac
hieve
d
in
sce
nar
io
2 a
nd 6 of
28.
82
A
a
nd
3.6
40
A respecti
vely
.
Table
2
.
V
oltage a
nd Cu
rr
e
nt
of
3P
3W
Syst
e
m
U
sin
g UPQC
-
BES Syst
em
Sup
plied
by P
V
Table
3
.
V
oltage a
nd Cu
rr
e
nt
of
3P
3
W Sy
stem
U
sin
g UPQC
-
BES Syst
em
S
up
plied
by
W
i
nd
Table
4
.
V
oltage a
nd Cu
rr
e
nt
of
3P
3W
Syst
e
m
U
sin
g UPQC
-
BES Syst
em
Sup
plied P
V
-
W
i
nd
Hyb
rid
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